Chapter l

[1] H. Graham Cannon, Lamarck and Modern Genetics (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press Publishers, 1975), p. 6. [2] Ernst Mayr, Evolution and the Diversity of Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976), p. 226. [3] L.J. Jordanova, Lamarck (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 56. [4] Madeleine Barthelemy-Madaule, Lamarck the Mythical Precursor--A Study of the Relations between Science and Ideology, trans. M. H. Shank (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, ____), p. 56. [5] Barthelemy-Madaule, p. 57. [6] J.E. Lovelock, Gaia--A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. x. [7] Barthelemy-Madaule, pp. 100-01. [8] Cannon, pp. 10-11. [9] Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker--Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., ----), p. 287.

Chapter 2

[1] Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried--An Appeal to Reason (New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1973), p. 6. [2] Mayr, p. 9. [3] Mayr, p. 117. [4] Ibid. [5] Mayr, p. 226. [6] E------ D--------, Charles Lyell ( ), p. 64.

[7] ---------, A Delicate Arrangement -----------------[8] Cannon, p. 4. [9] Lyell book, p. 188. [10] Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species--A Facsimile of the First Edition, ed. Ernst Mayr (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964), p. __.. [11] Macbeth, p. 65. [12] Darwin, p. 459. [13] Ibid. [14} Darwin, p. 63.

Chapter 3

[1] Will and Ariel Durant, Age of Napoleon (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975), p. 514. [2] Durants, p. 517. [3] Durants, pp. 517-18 . [4] Paul Bohannon, "Sightseeing in the Galapagos: Be Careful What You Leave Behind," OMNI 16: 11 (September 1994): 8. [5] Masterworks Economics --Malth--stagnant pools [6] Encyclopedia Philosophy -- Malthus -- last page [7] Darwin, from Autobiography. "Reading Malthus for amusement." Check ME, 195. [8] "The Struggle for Existence in Human Society," in Petr Kropotkin's Mutual Aid-A Factor of Evolution (Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 1955), p. 332. The Huxley essay originally appeared in The Nineteenth Century, February 1988. [9] "The Philosophy and Morals of War," North American Review CLXIX (1889), p. 794. Cited in Richard Hofstadter's Social Darwinism in American Thought (Boston: The Beacon Press, 1955), p. 171. [10] Darwin, p. 63. [11] Macbeth, 56-57. [12] Macbeth, 59. [13] Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell--Notes of a Biology Watcher (New York: Bantam, 1975), p. 6. [14] Mayr, p. 290.

[15] Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (Bethesda, MD, Adler & Adler, 1986), p. 17. [16] Conquest and Kulture--Aims of the Germans in Their Own Words (Washington, D.C.: The Committee on Public Information, 1918), p. 23. [17] Conquest and Kulture, pp. 79-80. [18] Conquest and Kulture, p. 32. [19] Petr Kropotkin, Mutual Aid--A Factor of Evolution (Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 1955), p. vii. [20] Kropotkin, p. 6. [21] Kropotkin, from unpaged "Preface to the 1914 Edition." [22] Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors--Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (Basic Books: New York, 1986), p. 24. [23] Ibid. [24] Ibid. [25] Denton, p. 358. [26] Jacques Barzun, Darwin, Marx, Wagner--Critique of a Heritage (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955), p. 92.

Chapter 4

[1] Darwin/West, p. 325 (locate this book) [2] Barzun, p. 101. [3] Barzun, p. 115. [4] Scientism--define

[5] Barzun, p. 108. [6] Barzun, p. 110. [7] Barzun, p. 108. [8] Kropotkin, pp. 77-78. [9] Kropotkin, p. 57. [10] Lovelock, p. 9. [11] Lovelock, p. 10. [12] Lovelock, p. 152. [13] Dawkins, p. 43. [14] Denton, p. 358. [15] Denton, p. [16] Macbeth, p. 5. [17] In a recently published critique of "ultra-Darwinism," Neo-Darwinist Niles Eldredge writes, "the concept of selection has been utterly transformed.... selection is not seen as the direct outcome of active competition between individuals in a populationin order to leave more copies of their genes to the next generation. And the way is now paved for interpreting all manner of organismic activity as devices to forward this competitive race." Reinventing Darwin--The Great Debate at the High Table of Evolutionary Theory (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995), p. 39. quote about w/o Dar no sci of evol

Chapter 5
[1] Barzun, p. 68. [2] Barzun, p. 69. [3] Barzun, p. 63.

[4] Ibid. [5] Weismann experiment with mice [6] Mayr--"direct influence on genetic materials impossible' [7] "Genetic Intelligence" article--cite [8] Crick book--cite [9] The tyrannies of the European States were equal to those of the Church. Most of the much-admired buildings of Europe were constructed during the Medieval period and Middle Ages by the common people, through their guilds and ccmmunal systems and associations. Beginning in the early sixteenth century, these guilds and systems were subverted and destroyed by the ruling classes. "In France," Kropotkin writes, "the village communities began to be deprived of their independence, and their lands began to be plundered, as early as the sixteenth century. However, it was only in the next century, when the mass of the peasants was brought be exactions and wars, to the state of subjection and misery which is vividly depicted by all historians, that the plundering of their lands became easy and attained scandalous proportions. 'Every one has taken of them according to his powers ... Imaginary debts have been claimed, in order to seize upon their lands;' so we read in an edict promulgated by Louis the Fourteenth in 1667. Of course the State's remedy for such evils was to render the communes still more subservient to the State, and to plunder them itself. In fact, two years later all money revenue of the communes was confiscated by the King. As to the appropriation of communal lands, it grew worse and worse, and in the next century the nobles and clergy had already taken possession of immense tracts of land--one-half of the cultivated area, according to certain estimates --mostly to let it go out of culture...." Mutual Aid, p. 230. The wonder is that the French Revolution was so slow in coming. [10] Barzun, p. 116. [11] Ibid. [12] Barzun, pp. 116-17. [13] Barzun, p. 117. [14] Ibid.

[15] Barzun, p. 118. [16] Ibid. [17] Eldredge, p. 29. In the post-World War II period, interesting to note, it is another German biologist who rescues classical Darwinism--Berhard Rensch. According to Eldredge, Rensch (Evolution Above the Species Level, 1947) "articulated the general postwar credo: There is nothing in biological nature--in the data of the genetics of natural populations, in systematics, in paleontology--to suggest that there are any evolutionary processes other than natural selection working on the natural genetics of variation within populations...." (p. 25)

Chapter 6

[1] Mayr, p. 9. [2] Gary Zukav, The Dancing Wu Li Masters--An Overview of the New Physics (New York: Bantam, 1980 [1979]), p. 22. {3] Mayr, p. 11. The full quotation: "A direct influence of the environment on the genetic material is impossible, an influence postulated by the majority of the Lamarckians. The way from the DNA (via the RNA) to the proteins is a one-way street. The environment can influence the developmental process but it cannot affect the blueprint that controls it. Changes in the proteins cannot be translated back into nucleic acids." [4] Bruce H. Lipton, The Biology of Consciousness--An Introduction to Fractal Evolution, book draft, July 1993. "Contrary to the established view that behavior is encoded in the genes, this report suggest that cellular , and ultimately organismal, awareness is structurally and functionally mediated by the cell membrane (plasmalemma), the molecular bounary enveloping every biological cell. The cell membrane, the only organelle common to all life forms, creates a selectively permeable barrier that envelops the cytoplasm and divides the domains of self and non-self, and consequently is in a position to interface communications between the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu." (3)

[5] B.F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom & Dignity (New York: Bantam, 1972 [1971]), p. 180. One thesis of this neo-Social Darwinistic tract is that the traditional "literature" of freedom and dignity (including the concepts of natural rights underlying the American Constitution) is obsolete, no longer affordable in the contemporary period. Skinner's "autonomous man" is little more than a re-formulation of Huxley's "natural man." "Autonomous man," Skinner opines, is unprincipled, brainwashed by a lot of propaganda about having the right to do as he pleases in life, and and he is therefore a threat to himself, others and the future of the species. The naturalism (Deism, etc.) behind the American System maintains simply that power (sovereignty) originates with the Creator and is expressed throughout all of Nature. The "right" to exercise sovereignty is not a right that belongs only to kings and queens and individuals in clerical robes; it is a common right, a "natural right" of all humans. Under the American System, sovereignty, the ultimate power, belongs to "We the People." In other words, every American citizen is a co-sovereign of the nation. Now ... after the Darwinian view of nature becomes the commonly accepted view, then the concept of "natural rights" is generally re-defined to mean the "right to stuggle for survival" and the right to predation--to be a predator. In the new Darwinian lexicon, American "individualism"--the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"-- is perverted to mean "the right to do as one pleases, without regard for any and all others." Thus the unfavorable label, "autonomism," that Skinner pins on individualism. In the post-war United States, the attack on individualism, exemplified in the social theory of Skinner, has paved the way for socialism Socialism first developed in opposition to individualism. It is still opposed to individualism. Its commitment is to what its representatives conceive of as the collective good, not to any principle of individual good. In turn, various forms of national socialism now pave the way for global socialism.

Chapter 7

[1] Macbeth, pp. 18-19. [2] Macbeth, p. 20.

[3] Macbeth, p. 21. [4] Dawkins, p. 43 [5] Eldredge, pp. 6-7. [6] Eldredge, p. 13. [7] Eldredge, p. 27. [8] Eldredge, p. 104.

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

[1] Cannnon, p. 51 [2] Joseph E. Coates, "The Highly Probable Future--83 Assumptions about the Year 2025," The Futurist, July-August 1994, p. 3 [3} Forword by Ashley Montagu, Kropotkin's Mutual Aid--A Factor of Evolution. [4] Skinner, p. 3 [5] chap p 10 -- get first name of Tucker--cite Valentine article) [6] Darwin, pp. 467-68.

Chapter 10

Quotation heading the chapter: Itzhak Bentov, Stalking the Wild Pendulum--On the Mechanics of Consciousness (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1988 [1977]), pp. 166-67. [1] Holy Blood, Holy Grail -- 364 [2] 364-65 [3] The World As I See It (------: Cidtadel Press, 1979), p. l. [4] Ed McGaa [Eagle Man], Rainbow Tribe--Ordinary People Journeying on the Red Road (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1992), p. 8.

Chapter 11

Quotation heading chapter from the "Four Quartets." [1] Black Elk, as told through John G. Neihardt, Black Elk Speaks--Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972 [1932]), p. 176. [2] Black Elk, p. 8. [3] Gary Snyder, The Old Ways--Six Essays (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1977), p 29. [4] Snyder, p. 34. [5] Lovelock, pp. ix-x. [6] Lovelock, p. x.

[7] Thomas, p. 171. [8] Thomas, pp. 171-72. [9] Thomas, p. 172. [10] Thomas, p. 173. [11] Lovelock, p. vii. [12] Lovelock, p. ix. "Ancient belief and modern knowledge have fused emotionally in the awe with which astronauts with their own eyes and we by indirect vision have seen the Earth revealed in all its shining beauty against the deep darkness of space. Yet this feeling, however strong, does not prove that Mother Earth lives. Like a religious belief, it is scientifically untestable and therefore incapable in its own context of further rationalization." This is sheer obfuscation, another example of the ineptness of scientists in the area of scientific methodology. A page earlier, Lovelock remarks that the "first scientific expression of a belief that the Earth was alive was from James Hutton in 1785 in a lecture before the Royal Society of Edinburgh.... I wonder where and when things went wrong." To answer Lovelock's "where and when" question ... England, beginning in 1859, with the publication of the Origin. [13] Zukav, p. 31. [14] Coates, p. 3. [15] James Gleick, Chaos--Making a New Science (New York: Penguin Books, 1988 [1987]), p. 3.

[16] Gleick, p. 4.

Chapter 12
Head quotation: Gleick, p. 109.

[1] Mayr, p. 30. [2] Mayr, p. 32. [3] Gleick, p. 226. [4] Gleick, p. 103. [5] Ibid. [6] Gleick, p. 109. [7] Gleick, pp. 109-110. [8] Gleick, p. 227. [9] Gleick, p. 231. [10] William F. Allman, "The Mathematics of Human Life," U.S. News & World Report, June 14, 1993: 84-85. [11] Allman, 85. [12] Ibid. [13] "The Biology of Consciousness--An Introduction to Fractal Evolution," unpublished draft, June 1993, p. 2. [14] Lipton, Ibid. [15] Itzhak Bentov, A Cosmic Book--On the Mechanics of Creation (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books), pp. 25-29. [16] "Histology Introduction--From Cells to Tissues: A Brief Review of Evolution," academic course pamphlet, undated, p. 3. [17] Lipton ("Biology of Consciousness"). p. 8. [18] The Sky Londa Briefing--Interviews with Bruce H. Lipton, unpublished manuscript of interviews conducted between January and August, 1993.