How Does the Amount of Magnesium Affect the Amount of Gas Produced in One Minute?

Introduction: In this experiment, our task was to collect data of the gas that is produced from the different amount of magnesium that is added together with Hydrochloric Acid. Magnesium is an insoluble solid, which when reacted with Hydrochloric Acid will produce Hydrogen Gas. The gas can be collected and measured so we use a gas syringe to measure the amount of gas produced in 1 minute. Mg + 2HCl MgCl Research Question: How does the amount of Magnesium affect the amount of gas produced in one minute? Independent Variable: Amount of Magnesium (0.1g and 0.2g and 0.3g and 0.4g and 0.5g) Dependent Variable: Amount of gas produced in 1 minute (Ml) Controlled Variable: Volume of Hydrochloric Acid (10cm3) so that there is the same amount of acid throughout all the experiments Concentration of the Hydrochloric Acid (1M) so that there is the same concentration of the reactants Volume of Conical Flask where the reaction has taken place (250 cm3) so that the frequency of collision particles will be the same for all test.

Hypothesis: I predict that as the amount of magnesium increases, the more gas will be produced in one minute. This is because there will be more particles of magnesium for the particles of hydrochloric acid to react with. Their reaction will create hydrogen gas and the more reaction between the two substances, the more gas is created. Equipment List: Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (1M) 0.1g of Magnesium ribbon X 5

0.2g of Magnesium ribbon X 5 0.3g of Magnesium ribbon X 5 0.4g of Magnesium ribbon X 5 0.5g of Magnesium ribbon X 5 Conical Flask (250 cm3) with delivery tube and a 100 cm3 gas syringe Rubber Bung Stop watch Digital Balance Safety Goggles

Method: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Get all the equipments ready so that you can reach everything Clamp the gas syringe on the clamp stand so it is the same level as the conical flask Measure out 10 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid using a measuring cylinder Pour the Hydrochloric Acid into the conical flask Weight out 0.1g of magnesium using the digital balance Cut the weighed out magnesium into small strips Set the timer so it is set to 1 minute Start the stopwatch while quickly dropping the magnesium into the conical flask and putting on the rubber bung 9. When 1 minute has passed and the timer starts beeping, quickly remove the rubber bung so that no more gas can be produced 10. Measure the amount of gas produced by looking at how far the syringe has moved up and record it on your table 11. Repeat everything above 5 times so you have five trials 12. Now change the amount of magnesium to 0.2g and repeat the steps above, also repeat the test 5 times again 13. Increase the amount of magnesium to 0.3g and do the test 5 times 14. Again, increase the amount of magnesium to 0.4g and get 5 trials 15. Repeat the step above all over except change the amount of magnesium to 0.5 g and do the test 5 times so you have 5 trials Raw Data Table: Table 1: How the amount of magnesium effects on the amount of gas produced in one minute

Amount of Magnesium (g) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Amount of Gas Produced in 1 minute (ml) Trial 1 26 60 76 90 93 Trial 2 52 70 89 91 93 Trial 3 34 54 56 68 77 Trial 4 10 50 51 62 75 Trial 5 56 53 53 100 67

The points highlight in red is an anomaly and doesnt fit the pattern

Process Data Table 2: Finding Average:

Amount of Magnesium (g) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Average Amount of Gas Produced (ml) 35.6 57.4 65 82.2 81

Formula Used: To calculate the data to find the average of the five trials, we had to add up the five trails of the amount of gas produced and divided it by the number of trails which is five. Average: sum of all trails number of trials Example: For the first experiment, with 0.1 grams of magnesium, the results were 26, 52, 34, 10 and 56 seconds. To find the average, we add the amount of time together and then divide it by five. 26 + 52 + 34 + 10 + 56
35.6

5 The average amount for

Trial 1 + Trial 2 + Trial 3 + Trial 4 + Trial 5 5

How Does the Amount of Magnesium Affect the Amount of Gas Produced in One Minute?
Average Amount of Gas Produced in 1 Minute (ml) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Amount of Magnesium (g) 0.4 0.5 0.6

When writing the graph, put in .0 in the end Analysis: The graph above shows that as the number of magnesium increases, the higher amount of gas will be produced in one minute. This can be seen in the trend line that is going across the graph to show the trend of each plot. The trend is increasing as the amount of magnesium is increased by one gram each which proves that my hypothesis was correct. But, there is also an anomaly to the data because the last two plot which is the 0.4 and 0.5 gram of magnesium. The trend was supposed to increase as the amount of magnesium increases but in this case, the anomaly is caused because the amount of gas produced for 0.4 g of magnesium is 82.2 ml and the 0.5 g of magnesium is 81. This causes an anomaly because it doesnt fit the pattern. I think this anomaly could have been caused because maybe the rubber bung was put on loosely so the gas wasnt fully contained so it made the amount of gas decrease. Some observations that I have found out during the experiment is that after the experiment is completed, a very foul smell that is created by the 2 substances combining.

Magnesium is a type of metal that is found in many places of th earth and is used for various reasons. It is an alkali earth metal and the eighth most abundance element on the earth's crust. Hydrogen Chloride is an Acid gas and we use this to create Hydrochloric Acid by dissolving it with water. When combined with hydrochloric acid, a reaction is created and hydrogen gas is formed. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid affects the metal because the higher the concentration the quicker it will take to react with the magnesium. The amount of magnesium will also affect the reaction rate because if the piece of magnesium is bigger there will be more gas produced. Limitation One of the problems that could affect the experiment is when taking the rubber bung on and off. When it reaches one minute, we are to remove the bung straight away so that no more hydrogen gas can be produced. But, a problem that occurred was that sometimes the rubber bung was put on too tightly so it took some time to pull the bung out, which increases the amount of gas after one minute. The magnesium that we used comes in coils so when we measured them, they were in long strands which when put into the conical flask with the hydrochloric acid, not all parts are touched. This causes less reaction because the hydrochloric acid will have fewer particles to react with creating less gas. How does it affect the data This affects the data because the data collected will be biased. Since we only want the amount of gas produced in one minute, it will make our data increase and this will affect the pattern that we can look at after. Also, we wouldnt be able to know how much gas was increased since the speed of gas produced is different each time, so there is no way of fixing the data. Improvements To improve this, the same person should be putting on the rubber bung and pulling it out every time. And before 1 minute, the timer should tell the rubber bung puller so they can get ready so when it hits 1 minute, the rubber bung could be pulled out at the exact time. By doing this, it will help our data become more reliable and trustworthy.

This affects the data because the hydrochloric acid would not have reacted with all the magnesium. This means the less gas was produced into the gas syringe making our data biased because not all gas was collected.

The last limitation found in the experiment is when we first put the magnesium into the conical flask. The person timing will say start and it

This affects the data because our data will be biased. It would mean we didnt collect the full amount of gas produced in one minute

To solve this problem, after weighing the amount of magnesium, cut the pieces into small little strands so that they are small enough to float on the water and fit into the conical flask. Another way you can fix this problem is to bend the magnesium into small circles so that it can fit through the conical flask, this way will make it sure that every part of the magnesium will get to react with hydrochloric acid. To improve in the future, the person with the timer should tell the person with the magnesium beforehand and get everything ready and

usually takes us some time since some of the gas was to get the magnesium out of already left out. This will our hands and into the affect our graph that we conical flask and then place the rubber bung. Which means that time from the timer would have already been wasted without any gas producing into the gas syringe.

near. The magnesium should be in one hand and the rubber bung on the other and when the rubber bung is placed on, thats when the timer should press start.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we have seen clearly that my hypothesis is correct. The larger amount there is of magnesium, the more gas is produced in one minute. This is because when there is more magnesium, the hydrochloric acid will have more particles to react with, creating more hydrogen gas. Considering all my controlled variables, I think my data is quite sufficient and valid. The limitations that were found in this experiment may have affected my data, especially in 0.5g as this plot in the graph does not follow the trend. But overall, you can still see that there is a trend on the other plots. For further research, I think an interesting research question would be How does the concentration of hydrochloric acid affect the amount of gas produced in one minute?