The actual working component of our circuit is microcontroller .

All the compone nts we discussed are just supporting components.You can google for theoretical i nformation of microcontorller. I just want to explain it briefly. Every person knows about microprocessor. Its a small digital component which pr ocesses the instructions .The instructions can be either arithemettic or logical or both.For it to work it needs a RAM,ROM,PORTS,DMA etc.. For a general purpose like our personal computer, we take a processor,suitable mother board, hard dis k , RAM etc and assemble it. for a small scale application like a mp3 player, we may not require such high co nfigurations. So the solution to this is to put all those required things of sma ll configurations in a single place . and this is called microcontroller. In sim ple, microcontroller has inbuilt processor,ROM,RAM,PORTS,USART,TIMERS etc.. It h as everything we need to build a simple project. Coming to history of it the fir st microcontorllers legacy, many were built but commercialy the 8051 micrcontrol ler was a big hit. Many corporations like intel,motorola,atmel are some manufact urers. coming to the applications of them the range is infinite. what ever modern elect ronic item we use at home will always contain a microcontroller. Television set, mobile phones,remotes etc.. if an item says digital it will contain a microcontr oller. After resistor , the most useful component in our circuit is voltage regulator. As we are intrested only in its function , i want to explain it in a simple way . Most of the circuits we use have different ic s . Each ic needs voltage to work . Now these ic s can be splitted into 2 groups : Analog and digital .. 1. Analog ic can be an amplifier or modulator or a buffer etc.. in general analo g ic needs a voltage in range of 9v-15v 2. All digital ic s function with 5volts So now i have the question.. say we have a battery of 9volts and we have a circu it which has a. an analog ic which needs 9 volts b. also a digital ic which needs 5 volts analog ic can use 9v directly but how to give 5volts from 9volt-battery to digit al ic ? the answer is voltage regulator. we give 9v to voltage regulator(7805) and it gi ves output of 5 volt. This is how it can be explained in theory .. let me show you how to use it practical Arrange ic such that u see the part number (7805) . The left most terminal is in put. middle is ground terminal and right most is output. To the input terminal i f we give a voltage greater than 7volt, it will generate 5volt terminal at the o utput. In simple we connect the battery(+ve) terminal to input terminal and (-ve) termi nal to ground terminal and finally we get 5volt at the output. If you are not ge tting output, may be the connections are loose. Arrange them correctly and you m ust get the output exactly *note : if u connect more than 10 volt to 7805 ic it starts heating and if u inc rease it the ic may burn down beacuase of high input power

First and the most important component we ever use in our circuit is RESISTOR. T hough it sounds wierd, its true. A resistor simply restricts the flow of current . But how this restricting process is useful ? If there is no restriction , el ectrons will flow at their will and destory the component. if a resistor is used it will restrict the electron flow.So, the process of restriction and also pro viding safety is taken care of by RESISTOR. Depending on the number of electrons it can obstruct from flowing, a property ca lled resistance is assigned to a resistor and the unit of resistance is ohms. we have resistors from 1 ohm ,10 ohm,100 ohm,300 ohm .. so on. Depending on the re quirement , we choose the required resistor