Spatial and Temporal Features of fMRI Networks to Distinguish Real Networks from Noise

V.Sochat, Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA Introduction

Independent Component Analysis ICA is a data-driven method to decompose functional neuroimaging data into independent components. The decomposed independent components encompass a mix of true neural signal, machine artifact, motion, and physiological noise that are typically visually distinguished. Neurological disorders are beginning to be understood based on aberrant brain structure and function on the single network level. Methods to computationally define noise and networks are necessary to automatically filter large publicly available datasets and identify patterns of fMRI that distinguish disorder.

Features that Distinguish Components

ALL NOISE Percent total activation in CSF Percent total activation MNI152 edges kurtosis measure outlier-prone ts Caudate R Percent total activation skull Caudate L Percent activation in eyeballs Paracentral Lobule L Spatial Entropy of IC distribution Percent total activation spinal cord

EYEBALLS
Percent activation in eyeballs Spatial Entropy of IC distribution Avg distance btw 10 local max Skewness of IC distribution % activation voxels LR symmetric Rectus L Olfactory R Percent total activation in WM Perfect total activation in GM

HEAD MOTION Percent total activation skull % activation voxels LR symmetric Power band 0.0 to 0.008 Hz % total activation MNI152 all edges Avg distance btw 10 local max Hpsd bin 2 freq0 to pi 0.038312 Percent total activation in CSF Four lag auto correlation Hpsd bin 3 freq0 to pi 0.076624 three lag auto correlation

Methods
DATA 53 resting BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging data-sets 24 Healthy Control / 29 Schizophrenia
Preprocess Functional MRI Data

INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS

WHITE MATTER

PARIETO OCCIPITAL CORTEX Occipital Sup R Occipital Mid R Parietal Sup L Percentage activation voxels LR symmetric Occipital Mid L Occipital Sup L Parietal Inf L Parietal Sup R Occipital Inf L Parietal Inf R

motion correction segmentation normalization smoothing

time
nxm nxn nxm

Percent total activation ventricles Percent total activation in WM Caudate R Cingulum Post R Caudate L Thalamus L, Thalamus R Max cluster size 10 local max region growing thresh 2.5 < .5 overlap power band 0.05 to 0.1 Hz Cingulum Post L

Extract Components with ICA

N = 1518 components: component = spatial maps + timecourse patterns of noise and brain networks
A

EVALUATION OF CLASSIFIERS
B C D

Define Features of Components

135 Spatial + 111 Temporal Features

Create Standards of Component Types

Machine Learning to Predict Component Type Based on Features

WHAT DOES A COMPONENT LOOK LIKE?

A B C
Bad Good

Bad 740 78

Good 121 579

Lasso L1 constrained linear regression selects features to distinguish component types (N=1518) with cross validation accuracies of .8689, .9834, .9808, .9675, and .9695 respectively.

Summary of Conclusions
N = 818 (700) N=46 (1472) N=40 (1478 A. B. C. D. E. F. Noise Eyeballs Head motion White matter Parieto-occipital cortex

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Select data and save labels Select next / previous Label component Spatial map Temporal timecourse Distribution of signal (FFT)

Noisy components can be computationally defined using spatial and temporal features to allow for automatic filtration of large functional MRI databases, an improvement over current manual methods. Selected features provide researchers with semantic understanding of component types. This method can be extended to identify features of functional brain networks.
Supported by Microsoft Research, NSF, SGF Thank You Rebecca Sawyer, Kaustubh Supekar, Daniel Rubin Contact vsochat@stanford.edu

N=67 (1451)

N=48 (1470)