Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS 10.

1 INTRODUCTION Most of the structures encountered in real-life are Statically Indeterminate. Statically Indeterminate Beams: No. of Reactions > No. of Eqns. of Equilibrium Degree of Static Indeterminacy = No. of Reactions in excess of the No. of Eqns of Equilibrium. Static Redundants = excess reactions; must be selected for each particular case. Assumption throughout this chapter is that the beams are made of Linearly Elastic Materials.

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10.2 TYPES OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS Propped Cantilever Beam Ax MA Ay Fixed End Beam Ax MA Ay P Continuous Beam (more than one span) Ax A B C By A P B By Bx MB P A B

Ay There are 4 ways of solving these types of problems. 1. Use of the deflection curve 2. Moment Area Method 3. Superposition (Flexibility Method) 4. Indeterminate Beams Tables (handout) We will examine No. 1 & 3, above.

By

Cy

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10

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10.3 ANALYSIS BY THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE DEFLECTION CURVE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. pick redundant reaction express other reactions in terms of the redundant reaction write diff. eqn. of the deflection curve integrate to obtain general solution apply B.C. to obtain constants of integration & the redundant reaction solve for the remaining reactions using equations or equilibrium

This method is useful for: - simple loading conditions - beams of only one span (not good method for continuous beam)

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 EXAMPLE No. 1 GIVEN: The beam shown. A L FIND: Reactions at supports using the deflection curve. q B

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SOLn:

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 OPTIONAL MOMENT AREA METHOD (just mention) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pick redundant reaction(s) remove redundant reaction(s) to leave a statically determinate beam apply loads on released structure draw M / EI diagram for these loads apply redundant reactions as loads draw M / EI diagram for redundant reactions apply moment area theorems to find redundant reactions solve for remaining reactions using equations of equilibrium

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Once reactions are determined, stresses and deflections can be calculated.

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 EXAMPLE No. 2 GIVEN: The beam shown. A

OPTIONAL

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q lb / ft B L ft 2L ft

FIND: Reactions at supports using the Moment Area Method. SOLn:

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 10.4 METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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pick redundant reaction(s) remove redundant reaction(s) to leave a statically determinate released structure determine deflections due to loads on released structure apply redundant reaction(s) as loads determine deflections due to redundant reaction(s) sum the deflections for the total deflection this is the superposition principle solve for the redundant reaction(s) solve for the remaining reaction(s) using the eqns. Of equilibrium

continuous beams:

This beam has 4 supports and 2 eqns of equilibrium. Thus there are 2 redundant forces. If all loads are vertical and there are no axial deformations, then all reactions will be vertical. The number of redundant forces is: No. of Redundant Forces = No. of Supports 2 2 Eqns of Equilibrium We can analyze continuous beams by any of the previous methods but only superposition is practical. HINT: when there are more than 2 supports, select the bending moments in the beam at the intermediate supports as the redundants. Lets see how this is done. A IA LA C IB LB

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 FBD

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MA

A RA

B RBL

MB

MB

B RBR

C RC

MC

BL

BR

Because the beam is continuous across B:

BL = BR ____________ ( 1 )

SUPERPOSITION deflection due to LOADS + deflection due to REDUNDANTS BL = due to MA + due to MB + due to loads in AB ____________ ( 2a ) BR = due to MB + due to MC + due to loads in BC ____________ ( 2b )

BL due to MA:

BL1 =

MALA 6 E IA MBLB 3 E IB

due to MB: BL2 =

MBLA 3 E IA MCLB 6 E IB

Case 7 Appendix G Table G 2 Page 909

BR due to MB:

BR1 =

BR due to MC:

BR2 =

SUBSTITUTING (the above terms for BL1 , BL2 , BR1 , BR2 into EQNs ( 2a ) & ( 2b ): BL = MALA 6 E IA MBLB 3 E IB + MBLA 3 E IA MCLB 6 E IB + BL3 due to LOADS in AB _______ ( 3a )

BR =

BR3 due to LOADS in BC _______ ( 3b )

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 We can use 2nd Moment Area Theorem ( pg 628 ) Arclength : = L From 2nd M-A Th: EI = Ax = Ax EI L = = GENERIC Moment Diagrams for EXTERNAL LOADS: AA AB Ax EI Ax EIL

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L L

Substituting in arclength:

xA

xB

Substituting the above terms for BL3 & BR3 into EQNs ( 3a ) & ( 3b ); using EQN ( 1 ) and rearranging:
LA L A LB LB M A I + 2M B I + I + MC I A A B B 6 AA x A 6 AB x B = I L I L A A B B

3 Moment equation If IA = IB I:

M A L A + 2M B ( L A + LB ) + M C ( LB ) =

6 AA x A 6 AB x B ___________ ( 4 ) LA LB

If LA = LB L:
M A + 4M B + M C =

6 ( AA x A + AB x B ) L2

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 PROCEDURE: write one 3-moment equation for each intermediate support. This provides as many equations as redundant moments. solve simultaneously for moments. ASSUMPTION MADE: The 2 extreme ends of the continuous beam were simply supported. For fixed ends, see Text Example 10 4, Pg 724. What happens if one or both are a fixed support? ANS: the number of redundant moments will be increased.

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SOLUTION: Replace the fixed support by an additional span having an infinite moment of inertia. This prevents rotation, which is what a fixed support does. FIG 10 15 / pg 724 Moments found at points 1, 2, and 3 will be the same as in the original beam. To find remaining reactions, the equations of equilibrium must be applied to each beam section. For the example we just did; RB = RBL + RBR RBL is made up of 3 parts RBR is made up of 3 parts Must do this at each support. MA , - MB , external load LA LA MC , - MB , external load LB LB

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 EXAMPLE No. 1 GIVEN: The beam shown. Is are equal. 10 kN/m 1 2m R1 FIND: Reactions at supports. SOLn: 2m 2m R2 10 kN/m 2 8 kN 3 3m R3 8 kN m

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Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 EXAMPLE No. 2 GIVEN: The beam shown. A L 2L

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q lb / ft

FIND: Reactions at the supports using superposition method. SOLn:

Mechanics of Solids Chapter 10 INDETERMINATE BEAM TABLES (handout)

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