IDENTITY AND STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE FLORIDA CAPITAL RESOURCE CENTER Florida Capital Resource Center (FCRC)

is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to protect the constitutional rights of indigent capital defendants by continuously working to improve the effectiveness of capital representation in the State of Florida. To that end, FCRC provides free consultation, research, advocacy, training, and other resources to capital defenders across the State. The Sixth Amendment right to effective counsel for indigent capital defendants is the cornerstone of FCRCs mission, and FCRC recognizes that right is dependent upon the reasonable and adequate compensation of court-appointed attorneys. Though the cases at bar directly concern the compensation Petitioners were awarded by the court below, FCRCs interest is in preventing the far-reaching and damaging implications an adverse decision for Petitioners will have on the rights of other capital defendants, both within and beyond the Fourth Circuit. FCRC supports Petitioners because the Sixth Amendment right to effective counsel must be fiercely guarded, particularly for those facing the ultimate sentence. CONTEXT OF THE CASE To assist the Courts understanding and disposition of this case, Amicus offers the following as the context in which the issues presented herein arose. I. COMPENSATION FOR APPOINTED CONFLICT-COUNSEL The right to counsel is a fundamental right provided for in both the United 1

States and Florida Constitutions. U.S. Const. amend.VI; Fla. Const. art. I, 16. When a criminal defendant is found to be indigent, an attorney is appointed and paid for by the State. Pursuant to section 27.5303, Florida Statutes (2012), when a court determines that a conflict of interest exists such that neither the Office of the Public Defender nor the Offices of Criminal Conflict and Civil Regional Counsel are available to represent the defendant, the court is required to appoint private attorneys pursuant to the procedure provided in section 27.40, Florida Statutes (2012). As with public defenders, Article V, section 14 of the Florida Constitution provides that these private court-appointed attorneys (conflict-counsel) are to be paid from State revenues. The agency charged with disbursing those payments is the Justice Administrative Commission (JAC). Fla. Stat. 27.5304(1) (2012). Section 27.5304, Florida Statutes (2012), provides the compensation scheme for conflict-counsel, including a schedule of flat fees based on the class of offense: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. For misdemeanors and juveniles represented at the trial level: $1,000. For noncapital, nonlife felonies represented at the trial level: $2,500. For life felonies represented at the trial level: $3,000. For capital cases represented at the trial level: $15,000. . . . For representation on appeal: $2,000.

Fla. Stat. 27.5304(5)(a). As noted in subsection (11), the Legislature intended that the flat fees prescribed . . . comprise the full and complete compensation for private court-appointed counsel. Fla. Stat. 27.5304(11). However, subsection (12) provides the flat fees may be exceeded in cases that require extraordinary and 2

unusual effort. See Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12). Upon such a finding (by the circuits chief judge (or designee)), the court may order compensation at a percentage above the flat fee to ensure the fees paid are not confiscatory under common law. Id. Should the chief judge determine that 200% of the flat fee would still be confiscatory, the judge shall order the amount of compensation using an hourly rate not to exceed $75 per hour for a noncapital case and $100 per hour for a capital case, awarding only up to an amount deemed no longer confiscatory. Id. II. THE RECENT AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 27.5304 In the final days of the 2012 legislative session, the Florida Legislature passed Senate Bill 1960. That bill, which became session law Chapter 2012-123, amended section 27.5304(12) (2011), restructuring the funds from which attorneys fees beyond the flat rates are paid. Previously, conflict-counsel fees, including those above the flat rates, were paid by the JAC from the Criminal Conflict Appropriation Category in the General Appropriation Act, and last year the Legislature appropriated $3 million to a special category specifically to cover fees ordered in excess of the flat rates. See STATE OF FLA., 7120 BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT, Senate Budget Committee, Reg. Sess., at 3 (2011). However, over the last several years, the costs of conflict-counsel have exceeded the original appropriations and the Legislature has had to transfer funds from other due process categories in the JAC and make supplemental 3

appropriations from unallocated general revenue to resolve projected deficits. Id. The amended provisions of section 27.5304(12) (2012) are one of several new mechanisms the legislature has devised in an attempt to reduce these costs. Pursuant to newly amended section 27.5304(12)(f), the amount of attorneys fees ordered in excess of the flat rates shall be paid by the Judicial Administrative Commission in a special category designated for that purpose in the General Appropriations Act. Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12)(f)(2). Like last year, this special category was allocated $3 million in the 2012 General Appropriations Act. Ch. 2012-118, at Line Item 828, Laws of Fla. However, and of particular import to the controversy in this case, the newly amended section continues: If, during the fiscal year, all funds designated for payment of the amount ordered by the court in excess of the flat fee are spent, the amount of payments in excess of the flat fee shall be made from the due process funds, or other funds as necessary, appropriated to the state courts system in the General Appropriations Act. Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12)(f)(3) (emphasis added). This amendment represents a significant policy shift. Whereas previously the Legislature and the JAC bore the burden of funding all conflict-counsel compensation, the amendment has effectively shifted some of that burden to the judiciary. As reported in the Bill Analysis and Fiscal Impact Statement: This change is aimed at encouraging the courts to take a stronger role in governing the ordering of fees. If the court system is answerable for some of the costs associated with 4

payments above the flat fee, judges may be less willing to order these fees. STATE OF FLA., 1960 BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT, Senate Budget Committee, Reg. Sess., at 3-4 (2012) (1960 IMPACT STATEMENT).1 Following the enactment of these amendments, the Office of the State Courts Administrator (OSCA) and the Trial Court Budget Commission (TCBC) projected the amount of funding needed to cover excess attorney fees once the $3 million allocation is exhausted and devised a funding methodology under which OSCA will administer a Statewide Conflict Counsel Payment Over the Flat Fee Pool (Pool). (See App. 1, p. 4.) See also Trial Court Budget Commission, Summary of the TCBC Decisions Made on August 11, 2012, at 12-13, available at http://www.flcourts.org/gen_public/funding/bin/tcbc/summaries/ TCBCRecommendationsFY13-14LBR.pdf. Excess fees associated with capital and RICO cases will be paid from that Pool. While excess fees in all other cases will also be paid from the Pool, each circuit has been given an expenditure allowance for such other cases which requires a circuit to transfer funds from its own budget into the Pool once its allowance is exceeded. (See App. 1, p. 4.) It is unclear what would happen should a court award excess fees in a capital or RICO case once the Pool is exhausted, though section 27.5304(12)(f) would still require
1

Amicus further notes that the $3 million appropriated to cover these fees is patently inadequate; the JAC estimated the total cost of excess fees for Fiscal Year 2011-12 to be $6,798,189. Id. at 2. 5

that those payments come from funds appropriated to the state courts system. On October 12, 2012, Caroline C. Emery, Court Counsel for the Fourth Judicial Circuit, issued a memorandum to all conflict-counsel on behalf of Chief Judge Donald R. Moran, Jr. discussing attorneys fees for conflict-counsel (Conflict-Counsel Memo, attached as App. 1). The Conflict-Counsel Memo was issued in response to the Criminal Conflict Attorney Payments Over the Flat Fee July & August 2012 Reports (OSCA Reports) created by the OSCA and notifying Chief Judge Moran that two months into the fiscal year, his Circuit had already exhausted 25% of its expenditure allowance. (See App. 1, p. 4-7.) On October 30, 2012, Chief Judge Moran entered the two Orders on which Petitioners now seek review. (See App. 2 (Fletcher Order); App. 3 (Schlax Order) (together, the Orders).) The Conflict-Counsel Memo (with OSCA Reports) was attached to the Orders, which significantly reduced Petitioners attorneys fees, referencing the Conflict-Counsel Memo as justification. SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT The Petitions for Writ of Certiorari should be granted because the Orders below constitute a departure from the essential requirements of law. Petitioners fee reductions are based on an unconstitutional application of statutory law that violates the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel. Furthermore, the resulting Orders should be quashed because they are 6

confiscatory of Petitioners time, energy and talents, and if allowed to stand will have a severe chilling effect on competent private attorneys willingness to accept capital representation of indigent defendants. ARGUMENT I. THE ORDERS BELOW SHOULD BE QUASHED BECAUSE THEY RELY ON AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL APPLICATION OF STATUTORY LAW THAT VIOLATES THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL UNDER THE UNITED STATES AND FLORIDA CONSTITUTIONS. The right to the assistance of counsel is a fundamental right founded in both the United States and Florida constitutions. U.S. Const. amend.VI; Fla. Const. art. I, 16. It was secured for all within our justice system when the Supreme Court held that the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments obligated the states to provide representation to indigent defendants, Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963), and it was subsequently reinforced when the Court clarified that the Sixth Amendment guarantee is not just to assistance of counsel, but to the effective assistance of counsel. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). Though fundamentally important in all criminal prosecutions, courts must be most vigilant in protecting the right to effective counsel in the capital context. The qualitative difference of death from all other punishments means that capital proceedings demand a higher degree of reliability under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Caldwell v. Mississippi, 472 U.S. 320, 329 (1985). Unfortunately, higher reliability carries with it a higher cost to the State. 7

The Legislature has tried to reduce those costs by instituting statutory fee caps limiting attorneys fees for conflict-counsel. In Makemson v. Martin County, 491 So. 2d 1109, 1110 (1986), the Florida Supreme Court held that while statutory fee limitations are facially constitutional, they are unconstitutional when applied to cases involving extraordinary circumstances and unusual representation. The Court reasoned that given the time and effort required in such cases, the rigid application of statutory fee caps would amount to mere token compensation , confiscatory of the attorneys time, energy, and talents, and that the availability of effective counsel [would] therefore [be] called into question in those cases when it is needed most. Id. at 1112-15. The Court held that a defendants right to effective counsel and an appointed attorneys right to reasonable compensation are inextricably interlinked, and in extraordinary and unusual cases, an award of fees beyond the statutory limitations is required to protect both. Id. Moreover, the Makemson Court recognized that it is the independent judiciary that is charged with placing a shield between a legislature that seeks to cut costs and the individual who has a right to an effective defense. Though it is ordinarily well within the legislatures province to appropriate funds for public purposes and resolve questions of compensation, the Court made clear that it is within the courts inherent power to ensure the adequate representation of the criminally accused by ordering fees that exceed statutory limitations when 8

deemed necessary. Id. at 1112 (citations omitted). As described in Rose v. Palm Beach County, 361 So. 2d 135, 137 (Fla. 1978) (and subsequently cited in White v. Bd. of County Commrs of Pinellas County, 537 So. 2d 1376, 1378 (Fla. 1989)): The doctrine of inherent judicial power as it relates to the practice of compelling the expenditure of funds by the executive and legislative branches of government has developed as a way of responding to inaction or inadequate action that amounts to a threat to the courts ability to make effective their jurisdiction. The doctrine exists because it is crucial to the survival of the judiciary as an independent, functioning and co-equal branch of government. The invocation of the doctrine is most compelling when the judicial function at issue is the safe-guarding of fundamental rights. Therefore, a statute regulating attorneys fees is unconstitutional when applied in such a manner that curtails the courts inherent power to secure effective, experienced counsel for the representation of indigent defendants. White, 537 So. 2d at 1379. At that point the statute impermissibly encroaches upon a sensitive area of judicial concern and violates article V, section 1 [judicial power to courts], and article II, section 3 [separation of powers] of the Florida Constitution. Id. The principles above have been repeatedly reaffirmed2, and in 2007, the Legislature amended the compensation scheme for conflict-counsel, providing the current procedure by which trial courts can award attorney fees in excess of the
2

See, e.g., Hagopian v. Justice Admin. Commn, 18 So. 3d 625, 638 (Fla. 2009); Florida Dept. of Fin. Servs. v. Freeman, 921 So. 2d 598, 600 (Fla. 2006); Olive v. Maas, 811 So.2d 644, 651-54 (Fla. 2002). 9

statutes flat rates on those rare occasions an attorney is appointed to a case that requires extraordinary and unusual effort. See Hagopian, 18 So. 3d at 628-29 (describing the amendments); see also White, 537 So. 2d at 1878 (holding all capital cases are extraordinary and unusual). However, as outlined above, section 27.5304(12)(f) (2011) was recently amended to include a new legislative mechanism aimed at reducing the costs associated with conflict-counsel. See Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12)(f) (2012). The amended statute provides that once the special appropriation of funds for attorney fees in excess of the flat fee is exhausted, the excess fees shall be made from the due process funds, or other funds as necessary, appropriated to the state courts system. Id. (emphasis added). This new provision violates the Sixth Amendment because it attempts, by financial duress, to curtail the courts inherent power to secure effective, experienced counsel for the representation of indigent defendants in capit al cases. White, 537 So. 2d at 1379. As the Florida Supreme Court stated in Makemson, In order to safeguard the individuals rights, it is our duty to firmly and unhesitatingly resolve any conflicts between the treasury and fundamental constitutional rights in favor of the latter. Makemson, 491 So. 2d at 1114 (emphasis added). However, newly amended section 27.5304(12)(f) creates a new conflict between fundamental constitutional rights and the courts capacity to maintain its budget, and while the courts duty remains the same, judges are all but 10

certain to hesitate before awarding attorneys fees in excess of the statutory limitations, as the duty to protect the individuals rights now comes at the courts financial sacrifice. Indeed, that hesitation was precisely the intent of the Legislature. See 1960 IMPACT STATEMENT (If the court system is answerable for some of the costs associated with payments above the flat fee, judges may be less willing to order these fees.). Much to the detriment of the individuals rights, it appears that the new statutory provisions are achieving their legislative purpose. While finding that Petitioners proved by competent and substantial evidence that their case required extraordinary and unusual efforts, Chief Judge Moran still reduced drastically their respective fee awards. (App. 2, pp. 2-3; App. 3, pp. 2-3.) Significantly, the only justification for the fee reductions was a statement that the court found the reduced awards to be more appropriate, given the totality of the circumstances . (See Exhibit A.). (App. 2, p. 3; App. 3, p. 3.) Attached to each of Petitioners Orders as Exhibit A was the Conflict-Counsel Memo. (See App. 1.) As the Conflict-Counsel Memo indicates, in applying section 27.5304(12)(f) in the Fourth Judicial Circuit, Chief Judge Moran apparently felt compelled to institute a policy in which almost all motions for excess fees will be summarily denied, and [i]f any motions are granted, the awards will have to be extremely conservative. (App. 1, p. 2) (emphasis in original). Reacting to the OSCA 11

Reports attached thereto (reporting that the Fourth Circuit had spent more than 25% of its expenditure allowance in the first two months of the fiscal year), the Conflict-Counsel Memo makes clear that the Chief Judges primary concern is the Circuits budget under newly amended section 27.5304(12)(f): [O]nce we have spent all of the Fourth Judicial Circuits expenditure allowance, the funds will be taken out of the Circuits budget, which will jeopardize essential programs, services, resources, and personnel, which have already experienced severe downsizing and cuts due to the state of the economy. This Circuit (Duval, Nassau and Clay counties) cannot afford any more cuts whatsoever. (App. 1, pp. 1-2.) (emphasis in original). Such a policy clearly violates the Sixth Amendment because it all but guarantees that conflict-counsel will not receive reasonable compensation if appointed to a capital (or otherwise complex) case, thereby calling into question the availability of effective counsel. Makemson, 491 So. 2d at 1112. Moreover, this policy is direct evidence that Chief Judge Morans application of section 27.5304(12)(f) unconstitutionally undermines the courts inherent power to ensure the effective representation of indigent capital defendants, compromising the independence of the judiciary and violating the Sixth Amendment. See Fla. Const. art. I, 16; art. II, 3; art. V, 1; see also Rose, 361 So. 2d at 137 ([W]here the fundamental rights of individuals are concerned, the judiciary may not abdicate its

12

responsibility and defer to legislative or administrative arrangements.).3 As the Orders under review are a product of this policy, which itself is based on the unconstitutional application of newly amended section 27.5304, the Orders constitute a departure from the essential requirements of law. Further, citing budgetary concerns to justify the reduction of fees not only means the court considered criteria beyond the scope of the statute, see Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12), but also violates the separation-of-powers doctrine. See Still v. Justice Admin. Commn, 82 So. 3d 1168, 1170 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) ([M]atters of appropriation and adequacy of state funds are legislative functions and not judicial. It would be a violation of the separation of powers doctrine for trial courts to address whether adequate state funding is available to discharge a statutory provision authorizing payment of attorneys fees, such as here.); Art. II, 3, Fla. Const.4 II. THE ORDERS BELOW SHOULD BE QUASHED BECAUSE THEY ARE CONFISCATORY OF PETITIONERS TIME, ENERGY, AND TALENTS, AND ALLOWING THEM TO STAND WILL HAVE A
3

Amicus makes special note that it appreciates the difficult and unfair position in which the Legislature has placed Chief Judge Moran (and those of other circuits). However, Amicus also submits that the Fourth Circuits new policy is just as likely to increase the Circuits actual defense expenditures due to the increase in valid post-conviction claims sure to follow. When counsel in a capital case falls below the threshold of effectiveness . . . [a] tremendous waste result[s as] the entire judicial process must be repeated, increasing the costs charged to the State. Sheppard & White, P.A. v. City of Jacksonville, 827 So. 2d 925, 932 (Fla. 2002). 4 See also State v. Martin, Case No. F11-003648, Order Granting In Part And Denying In Part Defendants Motion To Declare Section 27.5304 Florida Statutes (2012) Unconstitutional (11th Jud. Cir. Oct. 25, 2012) (striking down statute because courts re-appropriation of funds would also violate separation of powers). 13

SEVERE CHILLING EFFECT ON ATTORNEYS WILLINGNESS TO REPRESENT INDIGENT CAPITAL DEFENDANTS. In Makemson, the Florida Supreme Court held that in extraordinary and unusual cases, courts have the power to deviate from statutory caps so conflictcounsel is not compensated in an amount which is confiscatory of his or her time, energy, and talents. 491 So. 2d at 1115. Just three years later, the Court expanded that holding, ruling all capital cases by their very nature can be considered extraordinary and unusual. White, 537 So. 2d at 1378 (emphasis added). The finding in White recognizes as courts long have that death is different. See, e.g., Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1976); Walker v. State, 707 So. 2d 300, 319 (Fla. 1997). As mentioned above, the finality of the punishment requires a higher degree of reliability. Caldwell, 472 U.S. at 329. But death is different not just in punishment; it requires is a different kind of proceeding and a different kind of representation. A capital trial is bifurcated into two separate phases; the guilt/innocence phase, and, if a defendant is convicted of first-degree murder, a second penalty phase in which additional evidence is presented before a jury to consider the death penalty. See Fla. Stat. 921.141 (2012). Thus, in a capital proceeding, counsel is actually representing the defendant in not one but two separate trials, White, 537 So. 2d at 1380, and moreover, must provide effective representation in both. Given their unique and complex nature, providing effective representation to 14

a client facing the death penalty requires an experienced attorney who possesses large measures of intellect, skill, character, creativity, and emotional stability. Sheppard & White, P.A., 827 So. 2d at 932. And given the added responsibilities involved in a capital trial, it has become common practice for trial courts in Florida to appoint two attorneys to represent each capital defendant. Consistent with the elevated degree of reliability required in capital proceedings, the Florida Supreme Court has promulgated elevated standards above the mere holding of a license to practice law which attorneys in capital cases are required to meet. Sheppard & White, P.A., 827 So. 2d at 932 citing Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.112 (requiring significant experience and specialized knowledge of experts, forensic evidence, and capital proceedings before an attorney is eligible for capital representation). Courts also look to the American Bar Association (ABA) standards as guides when determining what is reasonable or whether an attorney provided effective assistance, including the ABA Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Counsel in Death Penalty Cases (2003) (ABA Guidelines). See, e.g., Wiggins v. Smith, 539 U.S. 510, 524 (2003) (citing ABA Guideline 11.4.1(C), 11.8.6 (1989)) (failure to investigate and present mitigating evidence deemed ineffective assistance); Walker v. State, 88 So. 3d 128 (Fla. 2012) (This Court has also specifically noted that both Wiggins and the ABA Guidelines . . . 10.11 on counsels duties mandate mitigation investigation and preparation, even if client 15

objects.) (citations omitted); see also Criminal Specialists Investigation, Inc. v. State, 58 So. 3d 883, 886 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (citing ABA Guideline 4.1) (recognizing mitigation specialist under Florida law as an indispensable member of the defense team throughout all capital proceedings). The above standards and cases not only demonstrate the higher level of representation required in the capital context, but also touch on the greatly expanded duties and responsibilities of a capital defense attorney. As noted in Hagopian, the typical [death penalty] case can be active for several months, if not years, and routinely consume hundreds of hours of professional time, 18 So. 3d at 629 (emphasis added), and it is for that reason that the White Court was hard pressed to find any capital case in which the circumstances would not warrant an award of attorneys fees in excess of the statutory fee cap. 537 So. 2d 1397. As troubling as that reality may be for a legislature attempting to cut costs, [so long as] the State of Florida enforces the death penalty, its primary obligation is to ensure that indigents are provided competent, effective counsel in capital cases, and that means the State must provide reasonable compensation. Id. Though clear from the cases above that courts have generally agreed the statutory flat fees are unreasonably low5, it should not be overlooked that courts

Amicus points out that with the exception of the rate for capital cases, flat fees in place today are the same as those the White Court in 1989 concluded were, in this day and age, unrealistic. White, 537 So. 2d at 1379 (emphasis added). 16

have also taken issue with the adequacy of hourly rates. See, e.g., Sheppard & White, P.A., 827 So. 2d at 933: We have recently concluded that appointed counsel in capital cases must meet high standards and it seems unrealistic to expect that qualified counsel will be available if a reasonable fee structure having a basis in prevailing hourly rates for the community is not utilized to determine a reasonable fee in such cases. Section 27.5304(5)(a)(4), Florida Statutes (2012) provides a flat fee of $15,000 for private court-appointed counsel in a capital case. At the applicable hourly rate of $100 per hour6, Fla. Stat. 27.5304(12), that amounts to just 150 hours of attorney time in cases that typically last several months, if not years, and routinely consume hundreds of hours of [attorney] time. Hagopian, 18 So. 3d at 629 (emphasis added) (noting that the $100 hourly rate for capital cases is substantially below market rates for similar services.);7 Cf. Tyson v. Astrue, No. 8:11-CV-1991-T-TGW, 2012 WL 2917974, at *1 (M.D. Fla. July 17, 2012) (noting hourly rate for appointed counsel in federal capital case is $178); ABA
6

While the statute allows an hourly rate not to exceed . . . $100 per hour for a capital case, courts generally view that limitation as the applicable rate, accepting that anything less is confiscatory. See Justice Admin. Commn v. Lenamon, 19 So. 3d 1158, 1162 (2009) ([I]n a capital case, the applicable hourly rate payable to ensure that the total fees paid are not confiscatory is $100.) (emphasis added). 7 See The Florida Bar, Results of the 2010 Economic and Law Office Management Survey, at 8 (Feb. 2011) (finding 87% of Florida Attorneys report average billing rate of $150 or higher; only 4% report a rate of $125 or less), available at https://www.floridabar.org/TFB/TFBResources.nsf/Attachments/926DF1F161CEF BA08525783B006F7541/$FILE/2010%20Economics%20Survey%20%20Final.pdf?OpenElement. 17

Guideline 9.1 (specifically rejecting flat fees and caps on compensation in death penalty cases, instead requiring counsel be fully compensated at hourly rate commensurate with jurisdictions prevailing rates for similar services). Petitioners expended extraordinary and unusual efforts in the zealous defense of their client only to have their fees substantially reduced over concern for the courts budget. Even though the JAC apparently conceded to the reasonableness of Petitioners proposed fees, (see App. 4, p.2, 5; App. 5, p. 2, 6), Mr. Fletchers fees for 627.5 hours were reduced from $62,750 to $35,000 (App. 2, pp. 1-3), and Ms. Schlaxs fees for 236.7 hours were reduced from $23,670 to $17,000 (App. 3, pp. 1-2), amounting to hourly rates of $55.77 and $71.82, respectively. Though Petitioners may not be entitled to market value compensation, they are entitled to reasonable compensation. See Makemson, 491 So. 2d at 1113 (Token compensation is no longer to be an alternative.). Such a reduction in fees below even the statutory hourly rate in the name of preserving the courts resources can only be described as confiscatory of Petitioners time, energy, and talents, and forces [them] . . . to bear a burden which is properly the states. Id. at 1114. When an attorney is called upon by the state to represent an indigent defendant in a criminal case, not only is the attorney expected to provide legal services as part of his or her professional ethical obligation, but the state, as part of its constitutional obligation, must reasonably compensate the attorney for those services. 18

Id. at 1112 (emphasis added). The Fourth Circuits new policy, evidenced by the Conflict-Counsel Memo and resulting Orders now under review, is the antithesis of this obligation. Allowing these Orders to stand will significantly threaten the ability of attorneys to render effective representation in capital proceedings by creating a real uncertainty as to whether they will be reasonably compensated. As explained in Olive v. Maas, 811 So. 2d 644, 653 (2002) (citing White, 537 So. 2d at 1380): The relationship between an attorneys compensation and the quality of his or her representation cannot be ignored. It may be difficult for an attorney to disregard that he or she may not be reasonably compensated for the legal services provided . . . . As a result, there is a risk that the attorney may spend fewer hours than required representing the defendant or may prematurely accept a negotiated plea that is not in the best interests of the defendant. A spectre is then raised that the defendant received less than the adequate, effective representation to which he or she is entitled, the very injustice appointed counsel was intended to remedy. Moreover, that same uncertainty is likely to have a severe chilling effect on attorneys willingness to undertake capital representation because (1) It creates an economic disincentive for appointed counsel to spend more than a minimum amount of time on a case; and (2) It discourages competent attorneys from agreeing to a court appointment, thereby diminishing the pool of experienced talent available to the trial court. Id. Thus, allowing the Orders to stand would have a much greater impact than just that on Petitioners; other talented attorneys will 19

become reluctant to register for court-appointment, and those who do will be representing capital defendants under a cloud of uncertainty regarding compensation, compromising their ability to provide the high standard of effective counsel required in capital proceedings. See Freeman, 921 So. 2d at 604 (Pariente, C.J., specially concurring) ([T]he credibility of our death penalty system depends in large part on the quality of the attorneys who undertake the representation.). CONCLUSION Because the Orders below are based on an unconstitutional application of law that violates the Sixth Amendment right to effective counsel, are confiscatory of Petitioners time, energy, and talents, and will have a severe chilling effect on competent attorneys willingness to accept capital representation of indigent defendants, this Court should grant the Petitions for Writ of Certiorari. Respectfully Submitted, BY: /s/ Stuart L. Hartstone STUART L. HARTSTONE, ESQ. Assistant Executive Director Fla. Bar No. 87934 100 N. Biscayne Blvd., Suite 3070 Miami, FL 33132 (305)373-9911 Stuart.Hartstone@ floridacapitalresourcecenter.org TERENCE M. LENAMON, ESQ. Chairman, Board of Directors Fla. Bar No. 970476 100 N. Biscayne Blvd., Suite 3070 Miami, Florida 33132 (305) 373-9911 Terry@lenamonlaw.com

Attorneys for Amicus Curiae Florida Capital Resource Center 20

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the foregoing has been sent via U.S. mail to the Honorable Donald Moran, Jr., Chief Judge, 4th Judicial Circuit, 501West Adams Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32202, and via certified email to the following counsel this 17th Day of December, 2012:

Ana Cristina Martinez, Esq. General Counsel Justice Administrative Commission P.O. Box 1654 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 pleadings@justiceadmin.org Counsel for Respondent Christian Lake, Esq. Assistant General Counsel Justice Administrative Commission P.O. Box 1654 Tallahassee, Florida 32302 christian.lake@justiceadmin.org Counsel for Respondent Rick A. Sichta, Esq. Arnold & Sichta 6279 Dupont Station Court Jacksonville, Florida 32217 rick@sichtalaw.com Counsel for Petitioners s/Stuart L. Hartstone, Esq. Fla. Bar No. 87934

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE I HEREBY CERTIFY, pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.210(a)(2), that this Brief complies with the Rules type-font requirements, in that it was prepared in Times New Roman, 14-point font.

s/ Stuart L. Hartstone, Esq. Fla. Bar No. 87934

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