Sexual maturation

In sexual maturation the most important changes are the spermarche and the menarche: Spermarche: Is the first ejaculation in males. Menarche: Is the first menstruation in femalesAfter that, there is a period of sterility that least around 1 year, because ejaculation and menstruation occur but no sperm or eggs are released.

The sexual maturation starts with the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases hormonal signals that begin the physical transformation due to different causes like genetic factors. But genetic factors are not the only factors that influence the sexual maturation: In women physical exercise can delay the onset of the physical changes associated with puberty. According to Moffit, family conflicts and the absence of father predicted an earlier menarche. Moreover, a large pshichological distance between girls and their fathers also predicted an earlier menarche. So, when fathers had a good quality relationships wit their daughters, the onset of pubertal maturation came later. These studies highlight the importance of environment in the sexual maturation. Jones and Bayley said that in boys an earlier maturation carries advantages, for example: A late-maturing boy is characterised as lower in physical attractiveness, masculinity and is rated as more childish. On the contrary an early-maturing boy is characterised as more independent, self confident, and they use to be leaders of their group of friends and better athletes.

They also have a much better self body image because with puberty they gain height and muscularity. However, in girls early maturation has the contrary effects: Early-maturing girls are less popular, less confident and they tend to have a poorer boy image, because with puberty they gain weight.

Behavioural problems have been associated with early maturation: Caspi and Moffit said that when stressful events such as early maturation occur, girls tend to highlight dispositional factors. Brooks-Gunn and Warren believe that psychosocial factors play an important role in how girls react to an early maturation. There has been found that early maturing girls have a smaller network of friends and tend to associate with older friends who often engage them into risky behaviours like smoking, drinking or sexual intercourse. Contextual and psychosocial factors play an important role in behavior, but not all early-maturing girls will experience problems

QUESTIONS What causes the anemia against development? 1. Slowing of intellectual development 2. Slowing of growth development 3. Slowing of body development 4. Do not be willing to study

How do we grow up according to the two patterns of growth? 1. In a head to toe direction and outwards from the centre of the body. 2. In a toe to head direction and from the extremities to the centre of the body. 3. The first parts of the boy that grow are the arms and legs. 4. We grow up a few centimetres and then stop growing up, like the hobbits.

Hereditary factors play a strong role in physical growth. Where is there a larger and stable correlation? 1. Between sons and their fathers and daughters and their mothers 2. Between identical twins 3. Between fraternal twins 4. Between brothers or sisters (same sex)

What happens after the menarche and spermarche? 1. There is a period of 5 weeks when the growth stops. 2. The male and female reproductive systems are completely operative. 3. There is a period of sterility because no eggs or sperm are released with the menarche and the spermarche. 4. All the three options are false.