Chapter Four Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the data gathered from the experimentation, analysis and interpretation of the results.

Experimentation Data and Results This section presents the data and results of the experiments which were taken from the Jathropa hydraulic press.

4.1 Determination of percentage oil extraction at 50, 60 and 70 degree Celsius.

A. Oil Extraction Process at 50 degree Celsius and 500 grams. Trial Time consumed Volume of oil extracted Percentage of oil extracted 1 18mins 40mL 40.80% 2 18mins 30mL 30.60% 3 15mins 45mL 45.90% average 17mins 38.33mL 39.10%
Table 4.1 shows the results of the experiment trials taken to determine percentage of oil extracted using hydraulic press extraction after the jathropa seed is subjected using the prototype.

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

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Average: Time consumed

Volume of oil extracted

Percentage of oil extracted

The Set A experiment showed results of the time consumed per trial, volume of oil extracted and its percentage of oil extracted using a cooker at 50oC. The theoretical oil content that can be extracted using mechanical extraction according to Engr. Mallinllin is 6%-20%. In this context we used 20%, therefore the computed oil content by mechanical extraction is 98.04mL. At trial 1 the volume of oil extracted is 40mL and the time consumed for the process is 18 minutes. This proved that 40.8% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 2 the volume of oil extracted is 30mL and the time consumed for the process is 18 minutes. This proved that 30.6% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 3 the volume of oil extracted is 45mL and the time consumed for the process is 15 minutes. This proved that 45.90% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction.

B. Oil Extraction Process at 60 degree Celsius and 500 grams. Trial Time consumed 1 13mins 2 14mins 3 15mins average 14mins Volume of oil extracted Percentage of oil extracted 50mL 55mL 61mL 55.33mL 56.43%

Table 4.2 shows the results of the experiment trials taken to determine percentage of oil extracted using hydraulic press extraction after the jathropa seed is subjected using the prototype .

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Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Average:

Time consumed

Volume of oil extracted

Percentage of oil extracted

The Set B experiment showed results in terms of time consumed, volume of oil extracted and its percentage of oil extracted using a cooker at 60oC. The theoretical oil content that can be extracted using mechanical extraction according to Engr. Mallinllin is 6%-20%. In this context we used 20%, therefore the computed oil content by mechanical extraction is 98.04mL. At trial 1 the volume of oil extracted is 50mL and the time consumed for the process is 13 minutes. This proved that 51% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 2 the volume of oil extracted is 55mL and the time consumed for the process is 14 minutes. This proved that 56.10% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 3 the volume of oil extracted is
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61mL and the time consumed for the process is 15 minutes. This proved that 56.43% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction.

C. Oil Extraction Process at 70 degree Celsius and 500 grams. Trial Time consumed Volume of oil extracted Percentage of oil extracted 1 15mins 70mL 2 16mins 80mL 3 15mins 75mL average 15.33mins 75mL 76.5%
Table 4.3 shows the results of the experiment trials taken to determine percentage of oil extracted using hydraulic press extraction after the jathropa seed is subjected using the prototype.

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Average Time consumed

Volume of oil extracted

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Percentage of oil extracted

The Set C experiment showed results of the time consumed per trial, the volume of oil extracted and its percentage of oil extracted using a cooker at 70oC. The theoretical oil content that can be extracted using mechanical extraction according to Engr. Mallinllin is 6%-20%. In this context we used 20%, therefore the computed oil content by mechanical extraction is 98.04mL. At trial 1 the volume of oil extracted is 70mL and the time consumed for the process is 15 minutes. This proved that 71.4% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 2 the volume of oil extracted is 80mL and the time consumed for the process is 16 minutes. This proved that 81.6% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction. At trial 3 the volume of oil extracted is 75mL and the time consumed for the process is 15 minutes. This proved that 76.50% of oil is extracted in terms of mechanical extraction.

4.2 Determination of Press Efficiency

Set A B C Time Temperature theoretical oil Consumed content o 17 mins. 50 C 171.57mL 14 mins. 60oC 171.57mL o 15.33 mins. 70 C 171.57mL recovered oil 38.33mL 55.33mL 75mL Efficiency of press 39.10% 56.44% 76.50%

Table 4.4 shows the efficiency of the prototype to extract the original 20% oil content of the Jathropa seed. Note: Accoding to Wikipedia.org and Engr. Mallinllin the original oil content of Jatropha seed amounts to 35% of its weight using solvent extraction which has 99% oil extraction efficiency and for mechanical pressing the oil content that can be extracted is 18-20% of its weight and has 60-80% oil extraction efficiency.

Set A

Set B

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Set C

Press Efficiency
90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 50C 60C 70C 39.10% 56.44% 76.50% Press Efficiency

Graph 4.1 Shows the press efficiencies of each set of pre-heat temperatures used in the Jatropha oil extraction

The original oil content of the jatropha seed using hydraulic press is 20% of its weight which for a 500 grams jatropha seeds oil content is 98.04mL. In determining efficiency, we used the ratio of oil recovered over the original oil content. The above graph shows the press efficiency of each pre-heated pressing. The computed average of oil recovered from set A at 50C is 38.33mLwhich resulted to 39.10% press efficiency. For set B at 60C, we have 55.33mL average oil recovered which resulted to 56.44%. For set C at 70C, we have 75mL average oil recovered which resulted to 76.50%. Based from the graph shown from the data obtained, the proponents observed that the higher the temperature, the greater press efficiency we will get.

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4.3 Economic Analysis

Presented in this section is the cost/benefit of Jatropha oil production in the context of oil produced from seeds purchased as well as purchased loading the cost of oil production from the scenario as detailed below:
Jatropha Oil Press 2 Years Economic Analysis
CAPACITY: 732.68 TONS/YEAR CAPITAL COST PRICE Oil Production SALES Oil Production TOTAL SALES COGS Utility Maintenance TOTAL COGS Gross Profit Depreciation Electricity Cost Miscellaneous Total Benefit Total Taxes NET PROFIT ROI 12.00% 10.00% P674.25/Yr P240/Yr P210/Yr P480 P420 P900 P31 330 P1 600 P1 348.50 P29 981.50 P29 981.50 P3 597.78 P26 383.72 0.39 P32 230 P32 230 P16000 P22 000/T

Plant capacity 1 hydraulic press capacity = COST Machine cost = (No. of press )(Price of Press) = (1)(16 000) = Php 16 000 Oil Production = Press capacity x No. of Years = = 732.68kgs/yr x 2 yrs
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= 732.68 kg/yr

= 1465.36 kgs x 1Ton/1000kgs. = 1.46536 Tons SALES Jatropha Oil Production= (No. TON)(Jatropha Crude Oil price/TON) = (1.46536Tons)(P22 000/Ton) = Php 32 230 Total Sales = Oil Production Total Sales = Php 32 230 Cost of Goods and Services Personnel = Self Employed (The farmer is expected to use this press for his own benefit) Utilities = Gloves price/month x no. of months = Php 20/month x 12 months/Yr x 2Yrs = Php 480 Equipment Maintenance = Hydraulic oil + Cleaning materials Hydraulic oil = Php150/1.5liters good for 1 year Cleaning Materials: 30 per month Hydraulic Seals: 30 per month Equipment Maintenance = Php150/yr (2 yrs) + Php30 (12mos/yr)(2yrs) + Php30(12mos./yr)(2 yrs) = Php 420 Total COGS = Utilities + Maintenance Total COGS = Php 480 + Php 420 = Php 900 Miscellaneous Depreciation = (Machine Cost)(Depreciation rate) = (16 000)(0.10)
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= Php 1 600

Electric Cost = (5.79Php/kW-hr)(Energy usage)(hrs. of operation per year)(No. of Years) Energy usage= (Capacity of Heat Band)(time of operation) = (1.2kW)(40secs.)(3600s/hr) = 0.01333kW-hr Electric Cost= (5.79Php/kW-hr)(0.01333kW-hr)(8736hrs/yr)(2yrs.) = Php 1 348.50 Total Other Expenses = Php1 600 + Php1 348.50 = Php2 948.50 Gross Profit = Total Sales Total Cost of Goods and Services = Php32 230 Php900 =Php31 330 Benefit Total = Gross Profit Total Miscellaneous Expenses = P32 330 P2 948.50 = Php 29 981.50

Tax = 12% PBT = (0.12)(29 981.50) = Php 3 597.78 Net Profit = P29 981.50 P3 597.78 = Php26 383.72

The table above shows that within 2 years use of the proponents Jatropha oil press the return of investment has a rate of 0.39. The price rate of Jatropha oil production according to
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biodiesel.org is Php22 000/Ton which is equivalent to Php22/Li. The utility material involved in this economic analysis is only safety gloves to prevent burn and cuts when doing a pressing operation. The maintenance cost is composed of the cost of hydraulic oil, cleaning materials and hydraulic jack seal. Hydraulic oil is priced at the market at Php150 for a 1.5L container. The cleaning materials is composed of cloth rags which is 15 pieces for Php30, lastly the seals is priced at Php30. These prices are checked using internet and actual canvassing in the vicinity of Binan City. The rate of depreciation according to biodiesel.org of a Jatropha oil press is 10%. To compute for the electricity cost we determined the cost of kW-hr of electricity using the Meralco bills we have which is Php5.79/kW-hr. And the tax applied for the analysis is the 12%VAT which is applied on most business transactions. The net profit acquired after two years of operation using the proponents Jatropha hydraulic press is Php 26 383.72 which is enough to regain the capital used at the start of the operation.

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