SPOONERSports,Inc.

COURTESY:Prof.RosieChing,Professor,DepartmentofStatistics,SingaporeManagementUniversity

DIRECTIONS 1. Generate, compile and print a fullyannotated, appropriatelyillustrated reporton Spooner Sports, Inc. Ensure your submission is neatly classified according to sections marked [] in thisdocument. 2.Includerelevantexploratoryresearchdoneinyourreport. 3. Use statistical tools of your choice to present a tight and coherent presentation. If using tools not contained in Introductory Statistics, highlight them with succinct indications and justifications. 4. Create a separate annex or appendix of your report for citing sources (if any) used in your report,withthetitle,author,pagenumber(s),websiteaddress. 5.ObserveGLIMsstandonplagiarism.Plagiarismwillbeheavilypenalizedandwillbeasper theinstitutescodeofconductrules. 6.Componentsofevaluation: PresentationStyle&Coherence.25% StatisticalDepth.65% Creativity&Originality.10% Maximum Possible: 100% ( This will be scaled down to the weightage of the Assignment whichis25%) 7.Printindividualgroupmembersnamestogetheronthecoverpageofyourreport. 8. Submit your report as a bound volume, together with an attached CDRom containing soft copies of analyses, presentations, and other relevant materials. Create a backup volume and CDRomforyourgroupssafekeeping. 9.SubmitthereporttoMr.ChandannotlaterthanJanuary12th,20134pm.Latesubmissions willnotbeaccepted. 10.Hopethisassignmentmakesyouawareofallapplicationsinthiscourse!!!

[1] Luke Spooner, founder and current president of Spooner Sports, Inc., has guided the business through 34 successful years and is now interested in bringing his favourite grandson Ted into thecompany.Tedhasjustgothisbusinessdegree.Atthistime,Lukeisntmuchinneedofdata mining to reach the stuff at the bottom of his document heaps, he needs good oldfashioned shovelmining. The elder Spooner, possessed of a sharp but fading wit, begins the meeting with, Great to see you, Ted. You always were a highstrung kid. Thought you might like to join our tennis racquet division. Ted counters, Not quite, but youre getting warm, Luke. The Spooners have always beenastrangebunch. Seriously,Ted,Imgettingalittleupinyears,themicrocomputerIboughtmyselfforChristmas is collecting dust, and I think you and your business degree could bring some new blood to the company. Id like you to be my executive vicepresident. Ive been running this outfit by the seat of my pants for a lot of years now, and the world just seems to be getting too big and too complicatedthesedays.Ivegotindexcardsandfilefoldersjustaboutpileduptotheceilingin that little room next door, and theres got to be a better way of making sense of all this information. Maybe I shouldnt have fought the fire department when they wanted to condemntheplace. Besidesalltheserecordspilingup,alotoftechnicaldevelopmentsareaffectingourbusiness thingslikecompositebicyclewheels,aerodynamicgolfballs,andoversizedtennisracquets.Just yesterdayoneofourengineerscameinandsaidshescomeupwithanewgolfballthatwillgo fartherthantheconventionaldesign.Sheseemstrustworthy,butwemightneedto havesome numbers to back up our claim if wedecide to come out with the product. As for me, Im happy onlyifthenewballrevolutionizesmycompanysnetprofits! After further discussion of the business and the position that Mr. Spooner has proposed, Ted acceptstheoffer.Heinterviewstheengineerandfinds outthatshebelievesthatthenewballs incorporatessomechangesthatmayenableittotravelfartherthanconventionalgolfballs.The engineer, an avid golfer herself, is very excited about the prospect that she may have developedaninnovationthatcouldrevolutionizethegameofgolf. As his first official duty, Ted duly sets up a test of the new golf ball thats supposed to travel farther than the conventional design. He decides to mix 25 of the new balls with 25 of the old type,haveagolfprohitall50ofthematadrivingrange,thenmeasurehowfareachgoes.The resultsareprovidedinthefileSPOONER02.xls.

(1) Using 10yard intervals beginning with 200.0under210.0, 210.0under 220.0, on up to 290.0under300.0,constructahistogramforthedistancestravelledbythenewball. (2) Using the same intervals as in (1), construct a histogram for the distances travelled by the conventionalball. (3) Place the histogram for the new ball next to that for the conventional ball. Does it appear thatthenewballmightbemorelivelythantheconventionalball? (4) For the 25 drives made with the new balls, calculate statistics that you think would be appropriateindescribingthecentraltendencyanddispersionofthedata. (5)Repeat(4)forthe25drivesmadewiththeconventionalgolfballs. (6) Compare both the new balls and the conventional balls, in terms of central tendencies and dispersions. (7) Ted wants to write a memo to Luke describing the results, but he has to fly to New York at short notice and instructs you to write the full report to Luke on his behalf. Keep in mind that LukeappreciatessimpleEnglish. [2] To get a feel for the industry in which his grandfather operates, Ted wants to find out more about the sporting goods manufacturing business and collect data on the competition that Spooner Sports, Inc. faces with some of its products, like racquetball and tennis racquets. Help Ted by providing him information requested here. Internet search engine and strategically selected key words will come in handy. Compile a structured and streamlined report incorporatingallthedetailsbelow. (1) Approximately how much money do Americans spend on sports equipment annually? Wherepossible,identifywhichtypesofsportsequipmentarethebiggestsellers. (2) Who are some of the leading manufacturers of racquetball and tennis racquets? Where possible, find out their relative importance in terms of manufacturing volume or retail sales of theseproducts. (3) For two of the companies that manufacture equipment for racquet sports, read their most recent annual reports. For each company, what have been the trends in overall company sales andprofitabilityoverthemostrecentyearsreported?

(4) Select a company that makes racquetball racquets, then search discussion groups for comments that group participants may have made about the quality or reputation of racquets carryingthatcompanysbrandname. [3] Ted Spooner now has been with his grandfathers firm for five weeks, and enjoying his job immensely. The elder Spooner is also pleased so pleased that he takes one day off a week to do a little fishing. However, while old Luke is catching some carp, young Ted is catching some flak. At the other end of a mornings telephone call is an irate customer whose aluminium racquet has cracked in half after just 14 months. The caller is an avid player who gets out on the court abouttwoorthreetimesaweek,andheclaimstheracquethasneverbeenabusedinanyway. HenotonlywantsSpoonerSports,Inc.tosendhimanotherracquet,butalsodemandsthatthe company reimburse him the $300 he lost after his racquet broke and he was no longer competitivewithhisopponent. Ted assures the indignant caller that the company will replace his racquet at no cost, since it is only slightly over the 12month warranty and the company values his loyalty to its products. Unfortunately, the $300 wager cannot be covered, even though it was a tripleornothing bet fromthecallerslossesinthetwopreviousmatches. On Mr. Spooners return to the office, Ted mentions the interesting phone call, and the elder Spooner is not a bit surprised. He says the firm has been getting a lot of complaints in recent months, mainly from longtime customers who claim their latest Spooner aluminium racquet didntholdupaswellastheonestheyhadusedinthepast. Speculating, Mr. Spooner goes on to point out that the company has had two aluminium suppliersformanyyears,butaddedathirdsupplierjustayearandahalfago.Hesuspectsthat the most recent supplier may be shipping an aluminium alloy that is more brittle and prone to failure. Hes not sure, but thinks that the racquets that are failing are more likely to be constructedfromthealuminiumpurchasedfromthenewestofthethreesuppliers. When the company sends out a replacement racquet, it does so only after it has received the defective one. All of the racquets that have been returned over the past 5 years or so are in a wooden crate in the basement. Mr. Spooner isnt sure why, but 6 years ago, he mandated that each racquet produced have a serial number that identifies when it was made and who supplied the aluminium for its construction. If someone were to ferret through the wooden crate, maybe he could shed some light on this business of customers calling up with broken racquets.

Mr. Spooner goes on, Say, Ted, why dont you come in over the weekend and take a look at those broken racquets downstairs, and see if maybe theres something going on here that I should know about? Maybe I should have stayed with those two suppliers Ive been using. The prices the new folks were offering just seemed too good to be true. But net profits from our tennis business arent going to be very strong if we have to keep on sending people all these freeracquets. 1) As Ted rummages through the broken racquets in the basement, he asks you what kind of information he should be seeking and how he might structure it in the form of a contingency table.Helphim. (2)WhatkindsofprobabilitiesmightbeusefulforTedregardingracquetfailure?Comeupwith aconcreteexampletoadviseTed. (3) What implications could your and Teds findings have for helping his grandfather better satisfythecompanysracquetcustomers? [4] Arriving at the office a bit early, Ted finds Luke Spooner in a fit of rage. Mr. Spooner is sipping coffee and looking over Teds notes on the defective racquets that were constructed with aluminiumpurchasedfromeachofthecompanysthreesuppliers. Inrummagingthroughthebasementcrate,Tedfoundatotalof30defectiveracquets.Ofthese, 5 were made of aluminium supplied by the Snowmet Corporation, and 5 were made of aluminium purchased from Barstow Aluminium, Inc. These are the two suppliers from whom Spooner Sports, Inc. has been buying aluminium from for many years, and with consistently excellentresults. The cause of Mr. Spooners anger is the total of 20 defective racquets made from aluminium purchased from the companys newest and lowestpriced supplier, Darwood Discount Metals, Inc. A month ago, Luke placed a big order with Darwood, and he is now counting the minutes until 10 a.m. so that he can call the West Coast firm, cancel the order, and give Mr. Darwood a pieceofhismind.ThearrivalofthemorningmailhasonlyservedtodeepenLukesire,asthree more complaints have come in from disgruntled customers demanding immediate replacementsfortheirbrokenracquets. Ten oclock finally rolls around, and Luke places a persontoperson call to Mr. Darwood. After beratingMr.Darwoodandhisproducts,Lukedemandsthathisorderbecancelledimmediately. Mr. Darwood does not appreciate the elder Spooners tirade, but he is quite cognizant of the

fact that 10% of his companys profits come from Spooner Sports, Inc. Though thoroughly annoyed,hepatientlytriestoreasonwithMr.Spooner. According to Mr. Darwood, independent metallurgists have conducted a lot of tests in which they have found Darwood aluminium to be every bit as good as that supplied by Snowmet and Barstow. He suggests that the unusually high number of defective racquets found by Luke was merely a fluke. Already operating on a short fuse, Mr. Spooner responds that he doesnt much care for silly rhymes in the middle of the morning, and he warns Mr. Derwood not to load any more aluminium onto Spoonerbound trucks until he and Ted have had a chance to further examine the information Ted collected over the weekend. He promises to call Mr. Darwood withafinaldecisionby3p.m.Pacifictime. Ted spends a very busy morning and skips lunch, but by 2 p.m., he comes up with data that mightproveuseful.Mostimportantly,hehasuncoveredaresearchstudyinwhichitwasfound that 0.8% of all aluminium racquets end up being returned as defective. The number of Snowmet and Barstow racquets in the defectives crate is about 1% of those produced. However, of the 1200 racquets made from Darwood aluminium, 20 (about 1.7%) are defective. Ted decides to model the situation as a binomial one, using research findings that 0.8% of all the aluminium racquets produced are defective. Using the estimate for the entire industry, the expected number of defectives among the 1200 racquets made of Darwood aluminium would be9.6,but20defectswereobserved. Suddenly Ted receives a telephone call from home that the water pipes have just burst and his house is rapidly flooding. Ted has to flee the office pronto. On his way out, he asks you to determinehowunusual thisDarwoodsituationreallyis,tofindthecumulativeprobabilitiesfor the number of defects, and use the information he has found to advise Mr. Spooner before LukemakesthecalltoMr.Darwood. CompileafullreportandwriteamemotoTedadvisinghimofallpossibleargumentstopresent toLukebeforeLukecallsMr.Darwood. [5] SinceSpoonerGraphProracquetballracquetswereintroducedseveralyearsago,noattempt has been made to offer a lightweight solution, Ted has done some research and found that some of the other manufacturers offer a lighter version of their standard racquets. In addition, some of the racquetball players he has talked to have said a lighter racquet would probably improvetheirgame. Talking with production engineers, Ted learns that the racquets coming off the line dont all weighthesameanyway.Accordingtothechiefengineer,theracquetsweighanaverageof240

grams, but the weights vary all over the lot, and he takes advantage of the situation to press forahightech$700,000machinethatwouldkeepthisvariationwithinnarrowerlimits. OldLukeisnttookeenonbuyinga$700,000machine,especiallysinceTedmighthaveabetter solution.Tedhasdustedofftheliteraturethataccompaniedtheracquetballmachineandfound thatthemachinesgeneratesoutputthatisapproximatelynormallydistributed,withastandard deviation of 10 grams. This is a little sloppy, but maybe Spooner Sports, Inc. can turn this weaknessintoastrength. ConversingfurtherwithLuke,talkingtothreesportinggoodsretailers,andinterviewingplayers at five different racquetball facilities, Ted comes back to the office with a terrific idea. Asking Luke to sit down, and bringing him some coffee, Ted begins his pitch, Say, grandfather, why dont we take the racquets at the lighter end of the range and label them GraphPro Light, with the ones more in the middle being GraphPro Regular, and the ones at the heavier end GraphProStout? Luke responds that just because this works for the beer companies, this doesnt mean it will work for Spooner Sports, Inc. However, hes willing to give it a try. After accompanying Ted on another round of conversations with retailers and players, the elder Spooner tells Ted that for now, hed like to see 15% of the production consist of GraphPro Light, with 80% GraphPro Regular,and5%GraphProStout. (1)Tedsnexttaskistotelltheproductionpeoplehowtogoaboutselectingwhichracquetsare to be put into these three different categories by weight. He enlists your help in doing so. CompileafullreporttosubmittoTed. (2) And by the way, Teds also trying to follow his grandfathers directive to come up with a better name for the Stout model, but he figures he can do that after lunch. Any bright ideas forTed? [6] As he doeson the firstbusiness day of eachmonth, Ted has just opened up the suggestion box thatLukeplacedintheplanttoattractideasfromtheemployees.Alongwiththeusualmonthly suggestions that old Luke attempt activities that are either inappropriate for his age or physiologically impossible, Ted finds a message from a production worker who is very concernedaboutthecompanysracquetballracquetmachine:


Dear Messrs. Spooner, I am getting very worried about the racquetball racquet machine. Some of the older workers say it was here 15 years ago when they arrived, and I think it is just about worn out. I know new machines are expensive so I thought I would collect some numbers that might help you out in making a decision to replace it. I know that the weight of the racquets coming off the machine is a big deal, since all of the racquets are weighed and then you decide which ones will be Light, Regular, and whatever youve decided to call the heaviest model! Anyway, Ive been doing some research. On my own time, honest. From time to time during the day, I take 30 racquets that have just come from the machine and weigh them myself. Youve told us that some racquets weigh more than others, so I can understand that one racquet might weight 245 grams, the very next one might weight 230 grams, and then the next one off the lime might be all the way up to 250 grams. Like I said before, I think the machine is worn out. The first 30 racquets I weighed yesterday weighed an average of 236.5 grams; the next 30 weighed an average of 243.1 grams. I think the machine is going crazy, and you should either get it fixed or replace it. My friends would get pretty upset if they knew I wrote this suggestion, since buying a brand new machine could mean no one gets a Christmas bonus this year. But Im a young guy and Id like for you to be successful so that I can have some job security and take care of my of family. If you end up saddled with problems with weights of your racquets, I might wind up without a job. Id like to find out if maybe Im missing something here, and if the machine is really okay or not. So my friends dont find out about this suggestion, would you please put together a reply and duct-tape it to the underside of the pay phone next to the candy machine? Im planning on picking it up after the first work shift on the 15th of next month. Loyally yours, Abe Dixon Honest Abe

Discarding those suggestions that Luke would probably find offensive, Ted mentions the young workers letter regarding the racquetball racquet machine. Luke asks if the machine is still working the same as when the decision was made to offer racquets in three different weight categories. Ted replies that it seems to be. The average weight is still 240 grams and the standard deviation is still 10 grams, although he isnt too sure whether the weights are still normallydistributed.

LuketellsTedtogenerateareplytotheworkerssuggestions.Teddulyturnstoyou. Submit a report containing your full analysis and write a draft of that letter to Honest Abe for Tedsvettingandapproval. [7] Seeingthefishingpoleinhisgrandfathersoffice,TedSpoonersfirstthoughtisthatoldLukeis goingtogofishingagain,andleavehimtomanage.Heissurprisedtolearnthatthefishingpole isactuallyaninspirationofanewseriesofadsthatLukehasconjuredup. TheelderSpoonerexplains,Ted,thisfishingpoleismadeofgraphite,thesamestuffthatgoes into out GraphPro racquetball racquets. Its so flexible and strong that it can be bent so the two ends actually touch each other. They even show this in the ads. Although Luke realizes thatyoucantexactlydothesamethingwitharacquetballracquet,hedliketoputsomeofhis racquets into a horizontal mounting device, and then see how much weight theyll take before theybreak. If the amount of weight is impressive enough, Luke plans to include this kind of test in the television advertisements hes planning for the firms racquetball racquets. However, he wants to be careful not to brag about the racquet being able to hold too much weight, since the firm couldgetintotroublewiththegovernmentandothertruthinadvertisingwatchdogs. HeasksTedtosetupatestinwhicheachracquetmountedhorizontally,withtheweightonthe ends gradually increased until the racquet breaks. Based on the test results, a weight value would be selected such that the average racquet would almost certainly be able to withstand this amount. Although accuracy is important, Ted has been instructed not to break more than 15or20racquetsincomingupwithanaverageforalltheracquets. The file SPOONER09.xls contains the weights in pounds at which each of 20 tested racquets failed. Ted believes its reasonable to assume the population of breaking strengths is approximately normally distributed. Because of Lukes concern about being able to support the advertising claim, he wants to be very conservative in estimating the population mean for these breaking strengths. Ted and you decide to use a 99% level of confidence in your analysis. Compile your analysisforTedtocomeupwithanumberthatcanbesafelypromotedinthenewads. [8] The first item on Ted Spooners agenda for today is a meeting with Martha Scott, a technical sales representative with Cromwell Industries. Cromwell produces a racquetstringing machine

that is promoted as the fastest in the industry. In their recent telephone conversation, Martha offered Ted the chance to try the machine for a full week, then return it to Cromwell if he decidesitdoesntofferaworthwhileimprovement. Currently, the Spooner racquetball and tennis racquets are strung using a type of machine that hasbeenaroundforabout10years,andtheSpoonershavebeenverypleasedwiththeresults. When efficiency experts visited the plant last year, they found it took an average of 3.25 minutes to string a racquetball racquet and an average of 4.13 minutes for a tennis racquet. Bothdistributionswerefoundtobeapproximatelynormal. Ms. Scott comes by, explains the operation of the machine, and assists in its installation. Because its controls are similar in function and layout to the older model, no operator training is necessary. During the oneweek trial, the new machine will be working sidebyside with oldermodelsintheracquetstringingdepartment. After Ms. Scott leaves, Luke and Ted Spooner discuss the machine further. Luke indicates that the oldest of the current machines is about due for replacement and if the Cromwell model is really faster, he will buy the Cromwell to replace it. Its possible that Cromwell models would also be purchased as other stringing machines approach the end of their operating lifetimes and are retired. Luke cautions Ted that the Cromwell must be purchased only if it is indeed faster than the current models although Ms. Scott seems to have an honest face, hes never trusted anybody whose briefcase contains brochures. The Cromwell must be quicker in stringingbothracquetballandtennisracquets.Otherwise,thefirmwillcontinuepurchasingthe currentmodel. Evaluating the Cromwell model, Ted measures the exact time required for each racquet in separate samples consisting of 40 racquetball racquets and 40 tennis racquets. The times are giveninSPOONER10.xls. SinceLukeseemsquiteadamantagainstbuyingsomethingthatisntanyfasterthanthecurrent models, Ted must be veryconfident that any increased speedsmeasuredarenotsimplydueto chance. Help Ted perform an analysis of the sample times using hypothesis tests for each type of racquets. Do the respective tests appear to warrant purchase of the Cromwell machine, or should Ted return it to Cromwell at the weeks end? Compile and submit your full report to adviseTed. [9] The Spooners have submitted a bid to be the sole supplier of swimming goggles for the U.S. Olympic team. OptiView, Inc. has been supplying the goggles for many years, and the Olympic

committee has said it will switch to Spooner only if the Spooner goggles are found to be significantlybetterinastandardleakagetest. Forpurposesoffairness,thecommitteehaspurchased16examplesfromeachmanufacturerin the retail marketplace. This is to avoid the possibility that either manufacturer might supply gogglesthathavebeenspeciallymodifiedforthetest.Testinginvolvesinstallingthegoggleson a surface that simulates the face of a swimmer, then submitting them to increasing water pressure(expressedinmetresofwaterdepth)untilthegogglesleak.Thegreaterthenumberof metresbeforeleakage,thebetterthequalityofthegoggles. Both companies have received copies of the test results and have an opportunity to offer their respective comments before the final decision is made. Ted Spooner has just received his companys copy of the results, rounded to the nearest metre of water depth, in SPOONER11.xls. 1. Write a commentary that Ted Spooner might wish to submit to the committee, providing anyevidencebasedonhypothesistestsofthesedata. 2. To braceTed for therivals challenge, prepare acommentary that you think OptiView might submittothecommitteebasedonhypothesistestsofthesedata. 3. Ted looks you in the eye, tells you to be level with him and give him a square answer to his question, What would your own independent professional recommendation be to the committeeandwhy? [10] TedSpooneristryingtocloseasalewiththeAlvindaleChipmunks,aminorleagueprofessional baseballteam.Althoughhisgrandfatherisnttoothrilledaboutanykindofdealwithsomebody withanamelikeChipmunks,Tedfeelsthiscouldmarkthebeginningofsomereallyhighlevel businesswithprofessionalbaseballteams,allthewayuptothemajors. The Chipmunks, who are relatively hightech for a minorleague team, have been using a Spooner competitors automatic pitching machine for batting practice and are looking for a replacement. Although it has not beaned any players yet, they are concerned about the amount of vertical variability it exhibits in its pitches. In fact, Tom Johnson, principal owner of the Chipmunks, did a study in which he set up a target at home plate, then measured the heights at which the balls hit the target. Mr. Johnson found the heights were normally distributed, as he has discovered is the case for pitching machines throughout the industry. However,hefeelsthatastandarddeviationof3.5inchesintheheightsofthepitchesisjusttoo wild,evenfortheminorleaguelevel.HehasofferedTedSpoonertheopportunitytosupplya

replacement machine. The only catch to the sale is that Ted must prove that the Spooner RapidRobotmachineissignificantlybetterthanthemachinetheChipmunksarenowusing. Mr. Johnson has specified that the Spooner pitcher will be purchased only if it passes the followingtest: Basedon30pitchesbyRapidRobot,thestandarddeviationoftheverticalheightsmustbe significantlylessthan3.5inches,andatthe1%levelofsignificance. All of this talk about vertical standard deviation is way over Lukes head, but he tells Ted to go ahead and see if he can swing a deal with the Chipmunks. Ted is confident that the Spooner Rapid Robot can meet Mr. Johnsons specifications, so he and Mr. Robot make the trip to Alvindale. Ted and Mr. Johnson set up the Spooner Rapid Robot machine at the teams practice facility, along with a target at home plate that will reveal exactly where each pitch lands. Measured from ground level at home plate, the 30 pitches are the following distances from the ground, recordedinSPOONER13.xls. (1) Given Mr. Johnsons specifications, would you perform a onetailed or a twotailed hypothesis test? What are the null and alternative hypotheses? Show full details of the appropriatehypothesistestinvolved. (2) Ted asks you for advice, as he isnt sure whether Mr. Johnson will sign Spooners Rapid Robot as a mechanical member of the Chipmunks upon analyzing the data represented by the pitchesinthetestsession.Basedonyourtest,tellTedwhatyouthinkMr.Johnsonwoulddo. [11] Ted and Luke Spooner have just returned from lunch with Candice Ergonne, president of a chain of 550 health clubs located across the United States. The clubs have a quality image and are known for featuring equipment and facilities that are second to none. The Spooners are rightfully pleased that Ms. Ergonne has invited their proposal for supplying bicycles to the 120 newclubsthataretobeopenedduringthenextyear. After further negotiations, the deal is practically closed, but some finetuning remains with regards to the seat design for the SpoonerBike 2000 model that has been selected. Ms. Ergonnerecognizesthatsomeclubmembersrequirewiderseatsthanothers,butdoesntwant tocallattentiontothisfactbyhavingdifferingseatwidthsfromonebiketothenext.Shewould preferaonesizefitsallapproachtotheseatingdecision.

In an experiment to evaluate four seat designs, Ms. Ergonne supplies seven persons who vary widelyinsize,whiletheSpoonersprovidetheseatstobetested.Eachoftheindividualsspends 5 minutes riding on each of the four seat designs, with the order determined randomly. The subject then rates the comfort of the seat on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 = poor and 10 = excellent.TheresultsarecontainedinSPOONER14.xls. From these results and using a 10% level of significance, can Ted Spooner reject the null hypothesis that the four seating designs could be equally comfortable? As Teds trusted colleague and resident statistical expert, compile a full report of the chisquare test and final statisticaloutcomeforTedspracticaldecisionmaking. [12] Ted Spooners friend Mary Stuart teaches a statistics courseat the localuniversity, and she has asked Ted to stop in and talk to the students about statistics as it relates to sports. Among the topics Ted thinks might be interesting is a discussion of how Olympic swimming performances forbothmenandwomenhaveimprovedovertheyears.AccordingtoTed,swimmersandother athletes have been getting bigger, faster, and stronger. In addition, training technologies and equipmenthaveimprovedbyleapsandbounds.AmongthedatathatTedhascollectedarethe winningtimesformenandwomeninthe400metrefreestyleswimmingeventforOlympicheld from 1924 through 2004. The times are listed in SPOONER15.xls. (Source: Time Almanac 2006, pp.924,926.) Ted again turns to you, his trusted advisor, to compile his notes. Submit a report which encompassesallofthefollowing. (1) Using the womens winning time as the dependent variable and year as the independent variable, determine and interpret both the regression equation and the coefficient of correlation. For the London Olympics in 2012, predict the winning time in the womens 400 metre freestyle. Also give a 95% prediction interval for the winning time in the womens 400 metrefreestyle. (2)Repeat(1),usingthemenswinningtimeasthedependentvariable. (3)Usingthewomenswinningtimeasthedependentvariable,andthemenswinningtimeas the independent variable, determine and interpret both the regression equation and the coefficient of correlation. If the mens winning time were 4.000 minutes in a given Olympics, predictthewinningtimeinthewomensevent. (4) For the regression equation obtained in (3), carry out a hypothesis test to examine the significanceofthelinearrelationshipbetweenthevariables.