Human Performance & Limitations

Exam 1 50 questions, time allowed 1 hour 1. Apart from the fovea which other part of the eye receives image? (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. the the the the iris optic nerve cornea retina

What type of person is more likely to suffer from decompression sickness ? (a) (b) (c) (d) younger, underweight, smoker younger, overweight, non-smoker older, underweight, non-smoker older, overweight, smoker

3.

Which of the following statements about body temperature is most correct? (a) (b) (c) (d) body temperature remains constant if a person does not maintain a regular sleep cycle there is no direct link between sleep cycle and diurnal body temperature fluctuations body temperature fluctuates throughout the day and is lowest towards the end of the major sleep period taken regardless of when it is taken body temperature remains constant if a person does maintain a regular sleep cycle

4.

The two most common causes for coronary heart disease are: (a) (b) (c) (d) smoking alcohol smoking obesity accumulation of fats raised blood pressure stress family history

5.

The problems with mental models are: (a) (b) (c) (d) they are based solely on visual information and for that reason they may provide a false picture of reality they may give rise to illusions if all perceived information is taken at face value minimal because they offer a perception of reality created from a range of stimuli from different sources combined with our own experience they are not easily accessed during times of high workload when they would be most useful

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Human Performance Exam 1

6.

In the event of a rapid decompression during the descent you should: (a) (b) (c) (d) hold your breath breathe out hold your breath and move your arms and legs breathe in

7.

A stress management system is: (a) (b) (c) (d) systematically listing all stresses in priority and dealing with each one in that order of priority a process whereby individuals adopt systems to assist their coping strategies dealing with all current stresses at once and all new stresses as they arise acknowledging that various stresses exist but deliberately ignoring them

8.

Once a captain has made a decision he should: (a) (b) (c) (d) discourage any negative ideas any other crew members have state that his decision is final encourage any doubts which crew members may have explain to the other crew members his reasons for arriving at that decision

9.

When entering cloud or a bank of fog a pilot may suffer an illusion of: (a) (b) (c) (d) speeding up slowing down pitching up pitching down

10.

If a person on board your aircraft when at an altitude above 10,000 feet is noted to be breathing heavily you would: (a) (b) (c) (d) divert immediately treat the person for hyperventilation treat the person for hypoxia treat the person for hyperventilation initially and if there is no response treat for hypoxia

11.

Rain on the windscreen during the approach will give the illusion of being: (a) (b) (c) (d) higher than normal slower than normal lowers than normal faster than normal

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Human Performance Exam 1

12.

If the intensity of the runway lights is increased sharply during the approach the runway will appear to be: (a) (b) (c) (d) closer longer further away shorter

13.

Which of the following statements is correct? (a) (b) (c) (d) low temperatures will increase the degree of hypoxia suffered and will increase susceptibility to hyperventilation low temperatures will increase the degree of hypoxia and high temperatures will increase susceptibility to hyperventilation high temperatures will increase the degree of hypoxia suffered and will increase susceptibility to hyperventilation high temperatures will increase the degree of hypoxia and low temperatures will increase susceptibility to hyperventilation

14.

The human eye uses the .....(i)..... to determine sharpness of objects and uses the .....(ii)..... for peripheral vision. The missing words are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (i) iris cornea lens fovea (ii) cornea fovea fovea retina

15. At night and at high level when the pilot has very little visual stimulation the eyes tend to: (a) (b) (c) (d) 16. pick up other aircraft easier focus at a natural distance of two metres concentrate on the instruments focus at infinity

Which of the following is an example of Stress Management? (a) (b) (c) (d) noting a stress at work and 'doing something about it' noting a stress in the day but not taking any specific action having an outsider determine your stress and having only them deal with it seeking counselling only

17.

Why do aircraft need attention-getting warning systems? (a) (b) (c) (d) due to limitations of the central processing system and working memory because pilots fail to look at instruments due to limitations in the human sense organs to enable pilots to sleep during periods of low work load

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Human Performance Exam 1

18.

At the onset of a stressful event your digestive system will: (a) (b) (c) (d) speed up slow down continue at a constant rate which will depend on ambient temperature continue at a constant rate which will depend on time of day

19.

At the onset of a stressful event your heartbeat will: (a) (b) (c) (d) speed up slow down continue at a constant rate which will depend on ambient temperature continue at a constant rate which will depend on time of day

20.

When a pilot looks at a near object, the: (a) (b) (c) (d) lens flattens pupil becomes smaller cornea becomes more curved cornea changes shape

21.

The ossicles (the malleus, incus and stapes) are situated in: (a) (b) (c) (d) The inner ear middle ear outer ear the cochlea

22.

Vertigo causes the illusion when flying of: (a) (b) (c) (d) flying straight while in a spin climbing while turning spinning while flying straight and level an illusion of pitching up when accelerating

23.

What is the time of useful consciousness? (a) (b) (c) (d) the period after the loss of oxygen when an individual can keep his eyes open The length of time during which an individual act with both mental and physical efficiency and alertness, measured from the moment at which he loses his available oxygen supply the time between loss of oxygen supply and the realisation that it has happened the time between the loss of oxygen supply and euphoria

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Human Performance Exam 1

24.

A pilot who smokes twenty to thirty cigarettes in the 24 hours before flight will have a reduction in the blood's ability to carry oxygen of: (a) (b) (c) (d) 18 - 25% 12.- 18.5% 8 - 10% 0.2 - 2%

25.

A definition of Cardiac Output would be: (a) (b) (c) (d) stroke volume x heart rate the weight of blood pumped per minute the weight of blood pumped per second the weight of blood pumped per hour

26.

Under normal circumstances which gas will diffuse from the blood to the alveoli ? (a) (b) (c) (d) oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen carbon monoxide

27.

In order to overcome spatial disorientation the recommended procedure is to: (a) (b) (c) (d) rely on the rely on the rely on the rely on the apparatus indication of instruments visual cues of aircraft attitude only vestibular apparatus only visual cues when augmented by the vestibular

28.

When being affected by the Flicker Effect, the pilot should: (a) (b) (c) (d) switch the autopilot on dim the cockpit lights turn off the strobe lights turn off the cabin lights

29.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere at a pressure altitude of 200mmHg would be: (a) (b) (c) (d) 42mm 21mm 160mm 200mm

30.

When is a pilot more effective than a machine ? (a) (b) (c) (d) when when when when monitoring a system or systems over a long period of time making quantitative decisions detecting unusual sensory inputs such as noises or smells complex mathematical process are required
Human Performance Exam 1

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31.

After giving blood it is recommended that a pilot does not fly for at least 24 hours because of his increased susceptibility to: (a) (b) (c) (d) hypoxia reduced blood pressure hyperventilation dizziness

32.

Which of the following statements about paradoxical sleep is correct? 1. 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) It refreshes the brain, the memory and the body It decreases during the night both 1 & 2 1 only 2 only neither 1 or 2

33.

Given a heart rate of 70 bpm and a stroke volume of 70 mls the cardiac output in litres per minute would be: (a) (b) (c) (d) 4.9 10 4900 1

34.

A linear acceleration causes the illusion of: (a) (b) (c) (d) the aircraft is climbing the aircraft is turning the aircraft is climbing and turning there is no illusion associated with linear acceleration only with angular acceleration

35.

When crossing a high mountain range at 15,000 feet in an unpressurised aircraft it would be unsafe not to use oxygen because (a) (b) (c) (d) useful consciousness will be lost in a few minutes judgement could be impaired hand held microphones are not permitted over use of oxygen leads to overconfidence

36.

The primary cause of DCS is: (a) (b) (c) (d) increased gas in the joints decreased carbon dioxide in the blood decreased oxygen in the blood increased carbon dioxide in the blood

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Human Performance Exam 1

37.

The frequency range which will cause most distress will be: (a) (b) (c) (d) 8Hz - 16kHz 10kHz - 20kHz 1Hz - 100Hz 100kHz - 200kHz

38.

What would be the expected time of useful consciousness at 35,000 feet if sitting and doing only moderate activity and there is a rapid decompression ? (a) (b) (c) (d) 2 - 4 minutes 30 seconds - 1 minute 15 - 30 seconds less than 10 seconds

39.

The worst type of incapacitation which may be experienced on final is (a) (b) (c) (d) sudden severe intensive gradual

40.

A pilot weighs 80 kg and is 1.8 m tall. His body mass index is: (a) (b) (c) (d) 44.4 34.5 24.7 22.7

41.

In the event of loss of cabin pressure the first action of the flight deck crew on a large transport aircraft would be (a) (b) (c) (d) inform the flight attendants inform Air Traffic control descend mask up

42.

Haemoglobin is: (a) (b) (c) (d) in the platelets in the red blood cells in the white blood cells dissolved in the blood

43.

Which of the following symptoms indicates the onset of hyperventilation? (a) (b) (c) (d) slow breathing rate slow heart beat dizzy feeling cyanosis

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Human Performance Exam 1

44.

Boyle's Law applies to: (a) (b) (c) (d) gastro-intestinal tract barotrauma decompression sickness night vision hypoxia with increased altitude

45.

Addiction to tobacco is caused by which chemical or chemicals ? (a) (b) (c) (d) tar and nicotine nicotine nicotine and carbon monoxide tar and carbon monoxide

46.

At 22,000 feet the composition of the atmosphere is approximately: (a) (b) (c) (d) 78% 78% 78% 78% He, 21% O2 and 1% CO He, 21% O2 and 1% CO2 + traces N2, 21% O2 and 1% CO + traces N2, 21% O2 and 1% CO2 + traces

47.

When the sensory threshold is increased: (a) (b) (c) (d) selectivity is decreased selectivity is increased sensitivity is increased sensitivity is decreased

48.

The Gestalt theory is relevant to: (a) (b) (c) (d) faults and errors personality perception and organisation motivation

49.

A "Self-centred" flight deck would be one where: (a) (b) (c) (d) it is non-synergistic and the Captain tends to be authoritarian each crew member does their job independently without reference to other crew members it is a naturally synergistic flight deck it is a synergistic flight deck due to an authoritarian Captain

50.

Hypothermia will cause: (a) (b) (c) (d) a decrease in the demand for oxygen an increase in the demand for oxygen and sweating an increase in the demand for oxygen and eventual unconsciousness none of the above

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Human Performance Exam 1

Human Performance & Limitations

Exam 1 50 questions, time allowed 1 hour

A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

A B C D 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A B C D

Name:

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Human Performance Exam 1

Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. (d) (d) (b) (a) (b) (b) (b) (d) (c) (c) (a) (a) (b) (d) (b) 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. (a) (a) (b) (a) (b) (b) (c) (b) (c) (a) (b) (a) (c) (a) (c) 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. (a) (d) (a) (a) (b) (a) (c) (c) (d) (c) (d) (b) (c) (a) (b) 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. (d) (d) (c) (b) (c)

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Human Performance Exam 1