LETRAS HABILITAO EM PORTUGUS/INGLS

LABORATRIO DE LNGUA INGLESA 3 SEMESTRE

Profa. Esp. Roselena Diogo Bueno Patelli Coordenadora : Profa. Dra. Maria Suzett Biembengut Santade FIMI- Faculdades Integradas Maria Imaculada
1 Semestre de 2010

SUMRIO
1) Dialogues

2)Reading Comprehension Texts:

3) GRAMMAR TOPICS:
a) b) c) Verb To Have . 22 Perfect Tenses : Present Perfect..27 Past Perfect

4) SONGS

Lets start our English Lab classes listening to some dialogues online: Turn on your computers and click on page: www.inglesonline.com.br

DIALOGUES : A LETTER TO A FRIEND Listen to these conversations and practice them: PETE: Hello, Harry. This is Pete. HAERIN: Pete! What a surprise! Whats up? PETE: I just got your letter. Congratulations on your transfer. HAERIN: Thanks, but why did you call me at 2:30 in the morning? PETE: Oh, is it 2:30 in the morning there? I forgot about the time difference. Its about 2:30 p.m. in the afternoon here. HAERIN: Excuse-me for being a little groggy. PETE: You didnt tell me when you ll be arriving. Maybe I can arrange my vacation around the same time. HAERIN: It isnt definite, yet. Probably in two or three weeks. PETE: Well, its great news. Im looking forward to seeing you. HAERIN: Same here. Ill let you know as soon as possible. PETE: Good. Ill meet you at the airport. HAERIN: Ok! Ill try to get a flight that arrives at 2:30 in the morning.
NOW LISTEN TO THE OTHER CONVERSATIONS:

A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT Mike: Oh, my gosh. Theres a big hole in the road.! Turn the wheel! Kyongsik: Darn. I turned too hard. MiKe: Oh, oh! You sure rammed that parked car. Kyongsik: Nobody seems to be around. Wonder what we should do. Mike: Here comes a police car. Well soon find out.
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Officer: What happened here? Mike:I tried to miss that hole in the road and hit the car. Kyongsik: Its at the hotel. Anyway its a Korean. Officer: No valid license? You have insurance? Kyongsik: In korea , I do. Officer : No valid insurance. Let me see the car registration Kyongsik: There doesnt seem to be any. Actually, this is my friends car. Officer: No registration. You have any personal identification? Kyongsik: Well, you see, officer, we were just Officer: No identification? Kyongsik: Not with me Officer: young man, youre in big trouble. Mike: And to think we were just going around the corner for a beer. Kyongsik: We could have walked! A TRIP Kyongsik: I want to take a trip to some place different Ted: Why dont you try camping in some place like Wisconsin or Minnesota? Kyongsik: By myself? I dont even have a car Ted: But you could rent a camper. Kyongsik: Whats a camper? Ted: its like a small truck that you can sleep in. Kyongsik: Oh! You mean, a mobile home? Ive heard about them Ted: No, mobile homes are too expensive. They have Kitchens and bathrooms and air conditioning and such. You dont need all of that. Kyongsik: But I have to take a bath, dont I ? Ted: On a camping trip? Take a swim in a lake. Or , if you really have to, you can spend an occasional night in a motel. Kyongsik: Ok, youve sold me on the idea. Where can I rent a camper? Ted: Theres only one small problem you have to take care of. Kyongsik: Whats that? Ted: First, you have to get a drivers license.

ADVERTISING ON TV Jim: Shall we watch television while we wait? Kyongsik: Yes, but I must admit. I miss Korean TV. Jim: I know. Ive been in Korea. Why is television there so much better? Kyongsik: Better quality control, I think! Jim: And no advertising Kyongsik: Well, not on KBS-3.its like BBC in London. Its government supported.
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Jim: We dont have anything like that here in the U.S. Kyongsik: Thats why you have commercials all the time. Jim: I suppose so! TV advertisers spend billions every year. Kyongsik: it would be Ok if the commercials were entertaining. Jim: Or educational even. Kyongsik: But theyre neither. Jim: Another thing. TV advertising costs are so high, only the really big companies can afford them. Kyongsik: So the big companies just get bigger and bigger, is that it? Jim: Right! And put the small companies out of business. Kyongsik: All at the publics expense. Jim: Right again. In the end, we are the ones who pay.

ADVICE COLUMNS Judy: Whats the matter, Talho? You look as if you lost your best friend. Talho: Oh, nothing Judy: You cant fool me. I know something is bothering you.Ive never seen you looking so down in the dumps before.Bad news from home? Having trouble on your job? Talho: No, nothing like that. I really cant bring myself to tell you, Judy. Its too personal. Judy: if its serious, why dont you get some counselling? I can introduce you to my phychiatrist. Talho:No, thanks. I dont have too much confidence in my English. Besides, I dont think I could talk to anybody about it face to face. Judy: Did somebody insult you? Are you suffering from cultural shock.? Do you have a really gambling debt? Talho: No, but if you keep going, Im afraid youre going to hit on it.
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Judy: I Know. Why dont you write to Ann Landers? She wont use your name, and its a good impersonal way to talk to someone about it. Talho: Write to Ann Landers? Normally, Id laugh at the idea, but you know Im about ready to my anything.

AGING
1st old man: Hey, will you look at that? 2nd old man: Very nice. A very pretty girl. 1st old man: How old would you say she is? 2nd old man: Oh, nineteen or so. Fifty years young than we are. 1st old man: Even so, I have a mind to speak to her. 2nd old man: Oh, Why? 1st old man: No reason particularly. Just to say hello. 2nd old man: She might call the cops. 1st old man: Yes, I suppose she might. 2nd old man: But if you were twenty-five, she wouldnt 1st old man: Right. Shes not sitting on that bench alone just to get fresh air. 2nd old man: Well, dont get any ideas. 1st old man: I know. We are supposed to be interested in old ladies. 2nd old man: Personally, I cant stand them. 1st old man: You know, people just dont understand old men. 2nd old man: They sure dont 1st old man: They dont comprehend that the body gets old, but not the mind. Now, listen to other conversations in the same site and practice them:

ALCOHOLISM ANYTHING? ILL DO ANYTHING YOU WANT IF YOU LET ME WATCH FOOTBALL ARMED FORCES / NAVY ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTIONS 6

AT A BANK AT A BARBERSHOP AT A BUS DEPOT AT A CAFETERIA AT A DRUGSTORE

PRACTICE THESE DIALOGUES ASKING SOMEONE OUT

Karen: Hello. Tony: Hi, is Karen there? Karen: Speaking. Tony: Hey, Karen. Its Tony here, from the gym. How are you? Karen: Hi Tony, I'm fine. How are you? Tony: I'm doing great. I didn't see you at the gym last week - is everything OK? Karen: Yes, wow, that's sweet of you to ask. The reason I didn't show up at the gym is, I had my finals last week. Tony: Tough week, huh? Karen: Tell me about it! I slept all weekend, I was so tired. Tony: Well, I hope all this hard work paid off! How did you do? Karen: It's hard to tell since the results aren't out yet, but I think I did pretty well in general. Tony: I'm glad to know. Listen, what are you doing tomorrow night? Karen: Nothing special. Why? Tony: Uh, would you like to have dinner? Karen: Sounds good! Where are we going? Tony: How about some Italian? I know a very nice place nearby. Karen: Great, I love Italian. Tony: So, I'll pick you up at 7. Karen: Sounds good. See you then. Tony: Great, bye.

Vocabulrio

Tony, here = aqui o Tony from the gym = da academia (eles se conhecem da academia) that's sweet of you to ask = gentileza sua perguntar I didn't show up = ...de eu no ter aparecido (show up = aparecer, ir a algum lugar) finals = final exams (exames finais) tough week = semana difcil Tell me about it! = Nem me diga! paid off = (passado de pay off) valeu a pena how did you do? = como voc foi? it's hard to tell = difcil dizer/saber the results aren't out = os resultados ainda no sairam I did pretty well = eu fui (bastante) bem sounds good = parece legal (Ah, legal!) nearby = perto daqui pick (someone) up = pegar, buscar algum onde essa pessoa estiver see you [then] = te vejo [na hora que foi combinada]

READING COMPREHENSION TEXTS READ THESE TEXTS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: CATCHING A COLD (http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary cure (n,v)- something that makes you well after being sick literally (adv)- really, actually, exactly virus (n)- very, very small --- that causes sickness to get rid of (v)- to stop, to throw away congestion (n)- stopped up (when your nose is congested you can't breathe) miserable (adj)- very terrible feeling fever (n)- heat in your head and body remedy- (n) cure, something that makes you well liquid (n)- wet and runny like water, milk to get over (v)- to finish Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/ or fall. It makes us wonder... if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are literally hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You feel terrible because you can't breathe well, but your body is actually "eating" the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from 8

getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose. There is one interesting thing to note- some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: If takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

Check Your Understanding True or False 1. There is a cure for the common cold. True False 2. There are 22 different cold viruses in the world. True False 3. Heat in your body kills viruses. True False 4. Congestion means your head feels hot. True False 5. Some people eat chicken soup to feel better when they have a cold. True False 6. Scientists always think taking medicine is good when you have a cold. 9

True False 7. Bodies work hard to try to get rid of viruses. True False

READING COMPREHENSION TEXTS

Levi's Blue Jeans

(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary emigrate- (v) to move permanently from one's country to another. dry goods- (n) clothing, fabric, and other items to sell miner- (n) a person who searches for gold, diamonds, etc. durable- (adj) last a long time fabric- (n) material for clothing, curtains, etc. tailor- (n) a person who sews clothing rivet- (n) (v) a metal piece that holds 2 thing together. (You can see the metal on Levi's jeans) patent- (n) (v) an inventor's right to be the only one making or selling a product think it over- (v) think about it, decide Do you enjoy wearing Levi's blue jeans? Blue jeans have become popular all over the world, but do you know how they got started? Read on to find out... 10

Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and emigrated to the United States as a young man. He lived in New York City and learned the dry-goods business for several years. In 1853 he took his knowledge and his dreams to San Francisco (California., USA.) His dream to succeed came true over the next 20 years as he became a very successful businessman. Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners. They needed clothing that was strong and durable. Strauss found a special fabric from France that was comfortable and lasted a long time. It was called "serge de Nimes," which was later shortened to the word denim. Another man named Jacob Davis bought large amounts of the denim fabric from Levi Strauss. He was a tailor who made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was continually tearing the pockets off his pants. So Jacob Davis decided to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them stronger. The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends, and soon Jacob Davis was busy making lots of pants with rivets. Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea, and he didn't want anybody to steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a poor tailor, he didn't have enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over, he went to the businessman Levi Strauss and told him his idea. He said, "If you agree to pay for the patent, we will share the profits from the riveted pants." Levi Strauss did agree, and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss and Company. Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever, and Levi's name continues to live on.

Check Your Understanding True or False. Check your answers below. 1. Levi Strauss was born in 1853. True False 2. Levi Strauss wanted to become a great businessman. True False 3. Levi Strauss sewed pants in his business. True False 11

4. Jacob Davis sewed pants in his business. True False 5. Jacob David used denim to make pants. True False 6. Jacob Davis put rivets in pants because they looked good. True False 7. Levi Strauss didn't want to pay for Jacob Davis' patent. True False 8. Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis became business partners. True False

Friendship
(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary spouse- husband or wife bond- connection, something that makes two things stick together twin spirit- someone very similar to you stranger- someone you don't know at all acquaintance- someone you don't know very well right away- immediately in common- things that you like or dislike are the same Reading Quotes about friendship: 12

Friendship is one mind in two bodies. Your friend is the man who knows all about you, and still likes you. A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. Some friends come into our lives for just a short time. Others come and stay forever. Think about your closest friends. How long have you known each other? Some people say that their spouse or family member is their best friend. Others say they have known their closest friends for many years. And some great friends haven't known each other all that long, but knew right away that there was a connection, or bond, between them. Could it be that there is a twin spirit out there for each of us? What turns a stranger or acquaintance into a friend? Do you know right away if you are going to like someone? Some people think that any stranger can become a friend if they spend enough time together. That may be true for some people. But one thing most of us agree on is that true friendships seem to happen when people have something in common. Perhaps we see a part of ourselves in our friends. Maybe seeing the good in them helps us to see the good in us as well.

Check Your Understanding True or False Check your answers by clicking on the arrow below. According to the article... 1. Your husband or wife cannot be your best friend. True False 2. Many friends feel a connection when they first meet. True False 3. Every person definitely has a twin spirit. True False 4. A stranger is the same as an acquaintance. True False 13

5. A stranger is the same as a friend. True False 6. Most friends have similar likes and dislikes. True False

Take a Bath!
(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary a bath- (noun) cleaning one's body by sitting in water to bathe- verb meaning to take a bath shower- (noun and verb) cleaning one's body by standing under water showerhead- the part of the shower that the water comes out of to scrub- to remove dirt by rubbing to rinse- to remove soap or dirt with water soothing- relaxing drain- hole in the ground or bathtub that the water goes down Traveling is fun because you can see how people in other parts of the world live. One thing travelers don't often think about before traveling is how other cultures bathe. And bathrooms in many countries may be different from the kind you are used to. In the United States, most people take a shower once a day in the morning. The showerhead is usually mounted on the wall and cannot be moved. The bather simply stands under the water, gets wet, scrubs with soap and often a washcloth, and then rinses off. Children often take a bath each night and enjoy playing with small toys such as boats and rubber ducks. Many adults, especially women, enjoy a soothing bath to get rid of stress at the end of the day. It is important to remember that when you take a shower or bath in the United States, you should be careful to keep the water inside the bathtub 14

or shower. Unlike bathrooms in many countries, there is no drain in the floor. If water gets on the floor it cannot go anywhere and must be cleaned up with a towel or mop. It can also cause problems for the floor. So be careful.

Check Your Understanding Choose the correct answer. Check the answers below. 1. Travelers don't often think about ___ in other countries before traveling. a. bathing b. food c. money 2. Americans often take a shower in the ___. a. morning b. afternoon c. night 3. Children often take a ___ at night. a. shower b. bath c. swim 4. Sometimes adults take a bath to ___. a. shower b. relax c. play with toys 5. American floors don't have a a. bathtub b. showerhead c. drain

International Women's Day

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(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary:

vibrant -- fully alive discrimination -- unfair treatment grim -- harsh, relentless pandemic -- disease spread over wide areas alleviate -- reduce vulnerable -- likelihood towards to exhort -- to urge strongly moribund -- stagnant, doesn't move well pioneer -- first to act
This lesson has been provided by Mark McCarthy. Visit his website at www.getesl.com for more information on studying English online.

Grammar: Each of these sentences contains one error. Find and correct the error. Women urge unity to advance rights as they mark International Women's Day 1) Women marked International Women's Day around the world with vibrant calls for unity for advance sexual equality and women's rights. 2) In Tehran several hundred of Iranian female activists staged a rally to mark of International Women's Day, despite of warnings from authorities that the gathering was illegal. (Omit 3 words) 3) The United Nations urged man to reject violence against woman in order to protect their daughter from the AIDS pandemic. (Three errors) 4) The Vatican asked the United Nations to condemn all sexual violence against women in a submission to the Commission on the Status of Women meet in New York. 5) Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat meanwhile called on women a world over to oppose the Israeli occupation in the speech marking International Women's Day. (two errors) 6) In Italy, men reported spent five million euros (6.2 million dollars) sending text messages on their cell phones to tell the women in their lives how much they appreciate them. 7) And Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi exhorted his countrywoman 16

to have more babies, saying legislation must ensure that work and motherhoods are compatible and would spur the country's development. (two errors) 8) Several governments payed lip service to the women's cause. 9) Stalinist North Korea also marked the day with a call for women to give birth to more children and take a leading role in revive the country's moribund economy. 10) In Norway, often a pioneer in issues of gender equality, Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik said the country was in its way toward reaching its goal of becoming the first country with women in at least 40 percent of public sector management positions.

Check Your Answers:

a. Change "for" to "to" 2) Omit of 3 times 3) change to: men, women, daughters 4) meeting 5) switch a and the 6) reportedly 7) countrywomen, motherhood 8) paid 9) reviving 10) on its way

English Around the World

(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

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Vocabulary travel bug (idiom)- strong desire to travel to be bitten by the travel bug (idiom)- kind of a cute way to say when someone begins to want to travel. After the "bug" bites you, you will really want to travel. to wander- to go from one place to another without any definite plans to be in the comfort of (one's) own home- to be at home, in a familiar or comfortable place to explore- to look around and find out new things exotic (adjective)- strange, mysterious, exciting, unknown mystery- something unknown, something that needs to be found out to flock- large amounts of people go to the same place at the same time vast (adjective)- very large perspective- view, way of seeing things accomplishment- feeling like you have done something important and good Reading Have you ever had the desire to wander the world and see what was out there? While some people prefer to stay in the comfort of their own home, others have been bitten by the travel bug and can't wait to explore the world. Exotic places call to them. "Come visit me and I will show you my mysteries," they say. Every year millions of people pack their suitcases or put on backpacks and flock to visit the seven continents of the world. They wander through the castles and museums of Europe, and the cities and natural wonders of North and South America. Some visit the vast exotic cultures of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The great outback of Australia is a wonderland for those who go there. And a few lucky people even make to the most mysterious continent on the earth- Antarctica. Why do people want to explore the world? It gives them a better perspective about the earth and the people living on it. It opens their minds, it gives them a feeling of accomplishment, and it makes them feel alive. So save some money, get your passport ready, and see the world. It will change your life forever. 18

Questions and Answers Choose True or False. Check your answers at the bottom of the page by clicking on the arrow. 1. To be bitten by the travel bug means you like to stay home. True False 2. People bitten by the travel bug like to visit new places. True False 3. The great outback is in Europe. True False 4. Antarctica is in Africa. True False 5. Asia is vast. True False 6. Traveling opens your mind. True False 7. Traveling makes you feel alive. True False 8. Traveling helps you see things in a new way. True False 19

English as an International Language

(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary to spread- to go everywhere in common- the same communicate- talk complicated- difficult artificial- not real

Reading About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. It has become the new international language. There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this? There are many reasons why English has become so popular. One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture (like movies, music, and McDonald's) has quickly spread throughout the world. It has brought its language with it. Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? I don't know. It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that? Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't too difficult and doesn't include any one group's culture. It is called Esperanto. But it hasn't become popular. But maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either. Who knows? There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.

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Questions 1) What was the world language 100 years ago? _______________________________________________________ 2) Which group is larger people who speak English as a first language or people who speak English as a second language? _______________________________________________________ 3) What are two reasons English has become an international language today? _______________________________________________________ 4) What are two reasons English isnt a good international language? _______________________________________________________ 5) What is Esperanto? _______________________________________________________ 6) What might the future international language be? ______________________________________________________________________

English as 2nd Language

Computer Use in the ESL Classroom
The following feature provides a discussion of tips and basic strategies for using a computer effectively in an ESL class setting. Computers should be used as a language learning tool - just as any other piece of equipment (i.e., tape recorder, VCR, blackboard, etc.). It is important the computer NOT become the center of attention of the lesson. There are situations when activities at the computer can become the center of attention, however these situations should be avoided and left to students to decide when, and if, they want to utilize such activities (in self-access). Computers as a Language Learning Tool For some tasks, computers can provide distinct advantages over more traditional approaches. The use of a computer for listening exercises often provides not only sound, but also visual input providing students with 21

more contextual clues. Students interacting with a computer are also using motor skills as well, which can have a strong reinforcing effect on the learning process by connecting physical actions (clicking, typing) with desired results. Students are also allowed more control over their own learning process as they make the decisions when to repeat questions, exercises and sequences based on their own progress. Probably the strongest argument for the use of the computer in the classroom environment is that of student self-pacing. Especially in the field of pronunciation, students can employ a computer to record themselves to compare their pronunciation to a target pronunciation. This can be repeated endlessly until a student is satisfied with his/her result. These pronunciation exercises are often combined with visual aids (such as intonation graphs) to help the student recognise how his/her pronunciation compares to the target pronunciation. Common tools such as spell checking can also provide the student with valuable self-analysis instruction. Finally, with the aid of the Internet and CD-Rom based materials, teachers can quickly access documents addressing individual student needs. This is especially effective when teaching English for Special Purposes such as Business English. An example would be white papers put up on a company web-site discussing certain technologies in English that students are currently employing. Another example is glossaries provided for specific business sectors (port, banking, insurance, etc.). Using these materials, the teacher can often provide content addressing specific student needs, thereby improving motivation and effectiveness. Making the student comfortable with the technology Admittedly, the computer can be an overwhelming and imposing instrument to students and teachers. The complexity of the computer - not to mention the overwhelming choice of possibilities - can put students and teachers off as they lose time grappling with how to use the computer. There are a few basic principles that should be followed in order to help the student (and teacher) feel more at home using the computer.

The computer should always be turned on, booted, and the program loaded (preferably the exercise chosen) before the class begins. In this manner, students focus on doing the task at hand rather than getting to the point where they can do the task. Students who are not comfortable using computers should be placed with students who are. These students should not be forced to use the mouse or type at the keyboard. As they become more familiar with the technology, they will often begin to play a more active role - even if they don't, the ability to use the computer is not the issue. Students more comfortable with the computer should be strongly discouraged from using other resources available in the program itself, or in other programs. These students should 22

be encouraged to explore these resources on their own by taking advantage of self-access programs. Use of the computer should be phased in; instead of introducing a complex series of exercises to be done for a lesson, teachers should begin by doing a limited amount of work with the computer (i.e. one listening exercise followed by an interactive quiz).

Example Lesson Programme: Accent Coach by Language Connect Level: Intermediate to Upper Intermediate The purpose of the lesson is to focus on how intonation affects understanding and production. A typical lesson could begin by asking students various questions using different intonations to receive various responses based on a sentence written on the board. Example:

When did Tom drink five cups of coffee? Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning. Who drank five cups of coffee this morning? Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning. How many cups of coffee did Tom drink this morning? Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning.

Students inductively learn the importance of intonation in this exercise. This can be followed by a discussion of the importance of intonation and the difference it can make in understanding. At this point the computers (which have been turned on, program loaded and starting point chosen) can be employed to practice this by using the any one of a number of intonation lessons provided by Accent Coach by Language Connect. As a follow up to this exercise, students can be given a standard response and a variety of questions to be asked for that response. Students can practice responding with the correct intonation. The teacher can walk about the room controlling the students' responses. This exercise can be further improved by adding the recording element provided by the computer. By recording the voice students can compare their pronunciation with a target pronunciation. I hope this short discussion can lead to further discussion of the effective use of a computer in an ESL learning situation in our forum.
Guide since 1997

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The Verb Have (Had,Had)

"To have " significa "Ter". Sendo ele um verbo que tambm funciona como auxiliar,ele no precisa de "do,does,did" para fazer perguntas(embora possa ser usado assim tambm) Basta posicion-lo no incio da frase.

SEUS USOS
Pode-se usar "Have" ou "Have got" com o mesmo significado. "Have got" uma forma britnica. Have um verbo irregular,ou seja, o past simple e o past participle NO SO com ED. EX: I HAVE A HOUSE (EU TENHO UMA CASA) IVE GOT A HOUSE ( EU TENHO UMA CASA)

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CONJUGAO PRES/PAST/PART.
Present tense Past Simple Past Participle I have I Had Had You Have You Had Had He Has He Had Had She Has She had Had It Has It Had Had We Have We Had Had You have You Had Had They Have They Had Had

Para fazer perguntas basta iniciar pelo verbo have. Veja:

You have a new car . Have you a new car? Peter has a big house in the city . Has Peter a big house? I have got a smart dog called Snoopy . Have you got a dog? I have got a present for you . Have you got a present for me?

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Pode-se tambm fazer perguntas com Have usando "DO"(present) ou "DID"(past) Usando os exemplos dados temos:
Do you have a car? Does Peter have a house? (Peter =He = 3a pess.present singular use "does , doesn't lembra?) Do you have a dog? Do you have a present for me?

ATENO
Se a afirmao foi feita com: "have got" melhor fazer a pergunta com "have got. HAVE YOU GOT A HOUSE?

Em frases negativas "have" funciona de dois modos:

Com auxiliar "don't": I have a big house I don't have a big house I have to go now I don't have to go now Colocando-se "not": I have not a big house - ou - I haven't a big house He has not a dog at home - ou - He hasn't a dog at home

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FORMA ABREVIADA
Note : Haven't = Have + Not . Hasn't = Has + Not Nota: no dia a dia a forma abreviada preferida. A forma no abreviada mais usada em textos ou documentos formais

Observe os vrios modos de uso inclusive de "have got":

Sarah hasn't a car.She goes to school by bike.-or- Sarah doesn't have a car.Sh goes to school by bike. They read a lot and they have a lot of books. I don't read very much. I don't have many books. I'm not very well. I have a headache.

MORE EXAMPLES
Have you got a digital camera? No I havent got one. Do you have a digital camera? No I don't have one. Does Ann have a dog? Yes she has one. Has Ann got o dog ? Yes,she has one. Everybody likes Tom. He has a lot of friends.

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VERB TO HAVE X PRESENT PERFECT

O verbo Have entra na composio de alguns tempos compostos como: Present Perfect.

Forme with: Have + Past Participle of main verb.

Usa-se para expressar um estado ou ao concludas cujo tempo no especificado: David has writen two great stories (David escreveu duas timas histrias) I've tried several diets for losing weight. (Tentei vrias dietas para perder peso) Charles has recently bought a new house. (Charles comprou uma casa nova recentemente).
Para falar de algo que aconteceu no passado e continua no presente.
I have never smoked (Eu nunca fumei) I haven't smoked for two years (Eu no fumo h dois anos) Jennifer hasn't called me for two weeks (Jennifer no me telefona h duas semanas).

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TO HAVE

PAST PERFECT

Formado com: Had + Past Participle of main verb. Usa-se para falar de uma ao que ocorreu antes de outra ao no passado: When I got at the terminal the bus had already left (Quando cheguei ao terminal o nibus j tinha partido). After the bus left we went back home. (Depois que o nibus partiu voltamos para casa.)

Past Perfect Passado do Present Perfect.

COMPARE: The car is dirty. I haven't washed it for weeks O carro est sujo eu no o lavo h semanas. The car was dirty.I hadn't washed it for weeks O carro estava sujo.Eu no o tinha lavado h semanas.)

Using the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is made like this: O presente perfeito formado assim: have/has + past participle. (lembre-se have para ser usado antes de I,You, We, They e Has usa-se antes de He, She It) O particpio passado sempre a 3 coluna dos verbos : 29

Quando o verbo regular, basta acrescentar o ed: Ex; to play played played To live lived lived To dance danced danced To arrive arrived - arrived Quando os verbos so irregulares, necessrio memoriz-los. ( Caso no tenha memorizado todos, consulte a tabela) To be was, were - been To eat ate - eaten To go went - gone To do did done To read read read To become became become To write wrote - written We use it to talk about a something that started in the past and continued until now. Usamos o presente perfeito quando queremos nos referir a uma ao que comeou no passado e que continuou at agora. Examples: I have been in California for 2 years. (From 2 years ago in the past until now, I have been in California. I didn't live in another place.) or Karen has gone to school everyday since she was 5 years old. (From the time she was 5 years old -in the past- until now, she has gone to school. She didn't stop going to school.)

EXPRESSES COMUNS COM O PRESENTE PERFECT SO: ALREADY, YET, SINCE , FOR...

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Check Your Understanding Use the present perfect tense. Check your answers by clicking on the arrows. Site: (http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

1. Jerry
Check Your Answ er

(play) basketball since he was young.

2. A: How long have you done karate? B: I years now.

Check Your Answ er

(do) it for about 3

3. She was an ugly child. Now she

Check Your Answ er

(become) a beautiful woman.

4. Stephanie
Check Your Answ er

(be) at the library all day.

5. Oh no! The deer

Check Your Answ er

(eat) all of my flowers.

6. That little girl

Check Your Answ er

(read) all of the books on that shelf.

7. She said she

Check Your Answ er

(study) English for 8 years.

8. Thomas and Bill

(watch) TV since 8:00 this morning

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THE PRESENT PERFECT X THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

O passado simples descreve uma ao que ocorreu em um tempo determinado no passado. OBSERVE OS EXEMPLOS:

A DIFERENA ENTRE ELES

OBSERVE NOS EXEMPLOS: EU FUI A SO PAULO ONTEM I WENT TO SO PAULO YESTERDAY EU TENHO IDO A SO PAULO ULTIMAMENTE. I HAVE BEEN TO SO PAULO LATELY.

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PERCEBERAM ?
NO PRIMEIRO EXEMPLO, MEU PASSADO FOI DEFINIDO E A AO J TERMINOU. NO SEGUNDO EXEMPLO, A AO TEM OCORRIDO E PROVAVELMENTE AINDA CONTINUAR ESSA A DIFERENA BSICA ENTRE O PASSADO E O PRESENTE PERFEITO.

MAIS EXEMPLOS
I have been to Caldas Novas I went to Caldas Novas last week. a)I have been to Caldas Novas. (Eu estive em , fui a Caldas Novas) b)I went to Caldas Novas last week. (Eu fui a Caldas Novas na semana passada) I went to Caldas Novas last month. I went to Caldas Novas last year. I went to Caldas Novas last Saturday. I went to Caldas Novas in 2001. I went ot Caldas Novas three months ago.

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QUANDO E ONDE USAR YET

Yet significa: ainda, at agora, at este momento. Yet usado nas formas negativas e interrogativas. Na forma negativa, yet significa ainda no , at agora no. Exemplo: I haven`t finished the exercises yet (Eu ainda no terminei os exerccios)

Yet NA INTERROGATIVA?
Na forma interrogativa, yet significa j. Exemplo: Have you finished the exercises yet? Voc j terminou os exerccios?

O USO DO JUST NO PRESENT PERFECT

O advrbio JUST e tambm usado com o Present Perfect para expressar uma a que acabou de acontecer, (acabou de concluir.) Just colocado entre o sujeito e o verbo principal. Just significa: h pouco, agora mesmo.

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EXEMPLOS COM JUST

I have just finished the exercises. (Eu acabei de fazer os exerccios) Have you finished the exercises yet? Yes, I have. I have already finished the exercises. I have just finished the exercises.

SINCE and FOR with the Present Perfect Tense

Since: desde for: por, durante Usamos since com o presente Perfect para mencionar desde quando a ao vem ocorrendo.

FOR
Usamos for para indicar o perodo de tempo que a ao durou. Ive lived in London for four years. Eu morei em Londres por 4 anos

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Outras expresses no pres.perf.

Never = nunca Ex: Ive never been to the U.S.A. Eu nunca estive nos Estados Unidos.

ever
Preferencialmente nas interrogativas Significa = alguma vez, j. Have you ever been to the U.S.A.? Voc j esteve nos Estados Unidos? Ou Alguma vez voc foi l?

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RECENTLY X LATELY
RECENTEMENTE X ULTIMAMENTE TAMBM USADOS COM O PRES. PERFECT, NO FINAL DA FRASES Ive been to the U.S.A. recently. Eu estive recentemente nos E.U.A. Ive been to the U.S.A. lately Eu tenho estado nos Estados Unidos ultimamente

EXERCISES
Write questions or negative sentences. He cleaned his room before school. ( I) _______________________________ The teacher corrected our tests last night. (N) __________________________ Tom wanted to go to the movie alone. (I) ______________________________ Helena offered Henrique a piece of cake. (N) ___________________________ Alexandre helped Anita with her exercises. (I) __________________________ They turned off the TV after the news. (N) _____________________________

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EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with the simple past of the verbs in brackets. I __________ (buy) a book for my brothers birthday. It _________ (cost) $ 15. She __________(bring) many of her friends to our party. They _________(leave) home very early yesterday. They _________ (do) their homework and ________ (go) to school. Lcio ________ (stop) at the corner and called us. A Tornado __________ (destroy) the village last week. Bob ___________ (come) home from school late. Chris _________ (find) a tn dollar and ________ (give) it to me.

Write affirmative, negative or interrogative sentences . Use the present perfect.

He has cleaned his room. (N) ___________________________________ They have bought a house. (I ) __________________________________ She hasnt been to Bahia. (A ) ___________________________________ Has he cut himself ? ( N) _______________________________________ I have finished my homework. (I ) ________________________________

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Write sentences or questions. Use the present perfect.

they/be to Japan/already. _________________________________________ I/have a shower/ just. __________________________________________ __ She/ meet Tom/not yet. __________________________________________ You/yet/have/lunch ? __________________________________________ He/many times/drive/a truck. ______________________________________

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. When ________________ the company? a)have you joined b)did you joined c)did you join d)have you ever joined

QUESTION
___________________ in Pakistan? a)Did you ever worked b)Have you ever worked c)Worked you d)Didn't you have worked

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QUESTION
3. That's the best presentation ______________ a) I never heard b) I didn't hear c) I used to hear d) I've ever heard

question
4. He's the most difficult customer _____________________ a)I never dealt with. b)I never had to deal with. c)I've ever had to deal with. d)I've never had to deal with.

question
5. ___________________ to him last week. a)I spoke b)I've already spoken c)I didn't spoke d)I speaked

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question
6. ______________ a binding contract last year and it is still valid. a)We have signed b)We signed c)We haven't signed d)We have sign

question
. The reason I look so brown is that _______________ from a business trip to Barbados a)I come back b)I came back c)I never came back d)I've just come back

question
8. Sales ________ in 1995 but then _____ in 1996. falled a)rised b)rose fell c)have risen have fallen d)rose have fallen

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question
. You ____________ to a word ____________ a)listened I haven't said b)didn't listen I say c)listened saying d)haven't listened I've said

question
10. It's obvious that ________________ this report. a)you haven't read b)you didn't read c)you don't read d)you read not

A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I _________________(see, never) that movie.

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My best friend and I ____________(know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

Stinson is a fantastic writer. He_________ (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

. I ___________(have, not) this much fun since I _______________(be) a kid.

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 . Things _________(change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first___________ (start) working here three years ago, the company ___________(have, only) six employees. Since then, we __________ (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers.

I _____________(tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he ________________ (wander) off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

Listen Donna, I don't care if you _______________(miss) the bus this morning. You ____________(be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

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 Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he ________________(see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

How sad! George _____________(dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He _______________ (see, never) the ocean.

In the last hundred years, traveling ______________(become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it _____________(take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The _____________(be) very rough and often dangerous. Things __________(change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

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Jonny, I can't believe how much you ________________(change) since the last time I _____________(see) you. You ______________(grow) at least a foot!

This tree _____________ (be) planted by the settlers who ____________(found) our city over four hundred years ago.

This mountain _____________(be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers _____________(try) to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) . The climb is extremely difficult and many people __________________(die) trying to reach the summit.

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 I _____________(visit, never) Africa, but I (travel) to South America several times. The last time I ______________(go) to South America, I (visit) Brazil and Peru. I _____________(spend) two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and ______________(fly) over the Nazca Lines.

RESOLVER EXERCCIOS NO SITE ABAIXO:

http://www.usingenglish.com/ quizzes/228.html

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

FORMA

O Past Perfect formado pelo verbo auxiliar "have" no passado (had) e o Past Participle

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do verbo principal. Ex.: Thomas had been terribly disappointed when he met her. Forma Afirmativa: When I arrived there, I saw that I had gone to the wrong place. They had lived in the same building for two years and didn't know each other. Forma Interrogativa Had you been there before? Had I worked with them? Forma Negativa I hadn't seen them until then. Hugh hadn't realized that the situation was so serious. USO Em um contexto j situado no passado, usamos o Past Perfect para mostrar que a ao qual nos referimos anterior s que acontecem no texto. Ex.: I was talking to her, and suddenly, I realized that we had met once before. Note que o Past Perfect deve estar sempre inserido em um contexto j no passado, ou sua utilizao estar errada.

EXERCISES All of the following sentences should be completed using the Simple Past, the Present Perfect or the Past Perfect. You must use the words in the parentheses to fill in the blanks. If you are confused, go to the Simple Past, the Present Perfect or the Past Perfect .. EXAMPLES I) Five thousand years ago the Egyptians (build) built the Great Pyramids near
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modern-day Cairo. B) Frank (swim, never) has never swum in the Pacific Ocean. C) Edmund (see, never) had never seen an elephant before his trip to Kenya.

1. When I (arrive) ___________________ home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) _______________ a beautiful candle-lit dinner. 2. Since I began acting, I (perform) ___________________ in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) _____________________ publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985. 3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) __________________ without me. My boss (be) _____________ furious with me and I (fire) ___________________. 4. When I (turn) ________________ the radio on yesterday, I (hear) _________________ a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) ____________________ the song in years and it (bring) ____________________ back some great memories. 5. Last week, I (run)_______________ into an exgirlfriend of mine. We (see, not) ____________________ each other in years and both of us (change) ___________________ a great deal. I (enjoy) __________________ talking to her so much that I (ask) _____________________ her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner. 6. When Jack (enter) ___________________ the room, I (recognize, not) ______________________him because he (lose)____________________ so much weight and (grow) ____________________ a beard. He looked totally different! 7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually)_____________________ by the time Europeans first (arrive)____________________ in the New World. 8. I (visit)_____________________ so many beautiful places since I (come)__________________ to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never)_____________________ of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches or Canyonlands.

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Conditional sentences
There are three types of the if-clauses. H trs tipos de sentenas condicionais com se (if): type I II III condition condition possible to fulfill (condio possve acontecer) condition in theory possible to fulfill ( tericamente possvel) condition not possible to fulfill (too late) (impossvel) tarde demais.

Form
type I II III if clause Simple Present Simple Past Past Perfect main clause will-future (or Modal + infinitive) would + infinitive * would + have + past participle *

Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type I II III if clause If I study, If I studied, If I had studied, main clause I will pass the exam. I would pass the exam. I would have passed the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the end)

type I II III main clause I will pass the exam I would pass the exam I would have passed the exam if-clause if I study. if I studied. if I had studied.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type Examples long forms + If I study, I will pass the exam. I If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam. short/contracted forms If I study, I'll pass the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam. If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam. II + III If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam. If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

If I had studied, I would not have failed If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the the exam. exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the

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the exam.

exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too). I would pass the exam. I could pass the exam. I might pass the exam. I may pass the exam. I should pass the exam. I must pass the exam

Using the Conditional (part 1)

We use the conditional to show a possible situation based on another situation. For example: Usamos o condicional para mostrar uma possvel situao, baseada em outra situao. Por exemplo: If A happens, then B will happen. Se A acontecer, ento B acontecer

The first conditional shows that something could possibly happen. Its structure is like this: O primeiro condicional mostra que algo possivelmente poder acontecer. Sua estrutura assim: If + subject + present tense (or present progressive) ----, subject + will/may/can + base verb ----. If + sujeito no presente(ou presente contnuo) , acontecer sujeito + will ou may, ou can + verbo principal. For example: If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella. Se chover, eu levarei meu guarda-chuva If you help me, we can finish earlier. Se voc me ajudar, nos podemos terminar mais cedo. If the boys give the monkey a coin, it may dance for them. Se os garotos derem o ao macaco uma moeda, ele poder danar para eles. 51

Notice that each sentence above uses the present tense on the if side. But we could also use the present progressive if something is happening right now. Note que cada sentena acima usa o tempo presente ao lado do if. Mas ns tambm poderamos usar o presente contnuo se algo estivesse acontecendo agora. If he isn't working right now, he may want to come over for dinner. Se ele no estiver trabalhando agora, ele pode querer parecer para jantar. We can also change the order of the sentence and put the if side on the second half. The only difference is that there is no comma. Tambm pode-se mudar a ordem da sentena e colocar o if ao lado da segunda metade da sentena. A nica diferena que no h vrgula. I will take my umbrella if it rains tomorrow. Eu levarei meu guarda-chuva se chover amanh. We can finish earlier if you help me. Ns podemos terminar mais cedo se voc me ajudar. The monkey may dance for the boys if they give it a coin. O macaco pode danar para os garotos se eles lhe derem uma moeda. He may want to come over for dinner if he isn't working right now.

Use- First If Clause

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause. possvel preencher uma condio que dada na if-clause

Form
if clause main clause will-future or infinitive or Modal + infinitive

Simple Present

Examples
If I study, If you see John tonight, If Ben gets up early I will pass the exams. tell him to e-mail me. he can catch the bus.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

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If I study, I will pass the exams

I will pass the exams. if I study.

Use Second If Clause

It is theoretically possible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause. teoricamente possvel preencher uma condio que dada na condicional:

Form
if clause main clause would + infinitive or could + infinitive or might + infinitive

Simple Past

Examples
If I studied, If I studied, If I studied, I would pass the exams. I could pass the exams. I might pass the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I studied, I would pass the exams I would pass the exams. if I studied.

Use- Third Condicional

It is impossible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause. impossvel preencher uma condio que dada na condicional:

Form
if clause main clause would + have + past participle or could + have + past participle or might + have + past participle

Past Perfect

Examples
If I had studied, If I had studied, If I had studied, I would have passed the exams. I could have passed the exams. I might have passed the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. A sentence condicional pode estar no comeo ou no final da sentena:

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If I had studied, I would have passed the exams

I would have passed the exams. if I had studied

Structure

If-clauses can be clause-initial (1), clause-medial (2) as well as clause-final (3). Sentenas condicionais podem ter a condicional no incio (1) no meio (2) ou no fim (3).
(1) (2) (3) If you like, we can catch a movie. We, if you like, can catch a movie. We can catch a movie if you like.

Types

Aside from the typical type I, II, III structure, conditionals can be divided into two categories: Junto com os trs tipos de estrutura comuns, os condicionais podem se dividir em 02 outras categorias:

real

and unreal conditionals.

Condicionais reais e irreais.

Real Condition ( Condio Real) If I have money, I spend it. If I had money, I spent it. If I have money, I will/am going to spend it. Unreal Condition (Condio Irrea) If I had had money, I would have spent it. If I had money, I would spend it. If I had money, I would spend it. I think about spending the money TODAY. I think about spending the money NEXT WEEK. Past unreal Conditional - type III Present unreal Conditional - type II Future unreal Conditional - type II Present Real Conditional - type I Past Real Conditional - type I Future Real Conditional - type I

Special Features( Caractersiticas especiais)

Modal verbs ( com os modais)

Main clauses with real conditional tenses can have modal verbs. A sentena principal com tempos condicionais reais podem usar os modais:
If I have money, I can spend it.

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Replacing if
If can be replaced by words or expressions with a similar meaning. The most common are: as long as assuming (that) on condition (that) on the assumption (that) provided (that) supposing (that) unless with the condition (that)

Omitting if ( OMITINDO O SE)

Had I known... (instead of If I had known...) Tivesse eu sabido ( ao invs de se dizer: se eu tivesse sabido) Were you my daughter,... (instead of: If you were my daughter,...) Fosse voc~e minha filha ( ao invs de : se voc fosse minha filha...) Should you need my advice,... (instead of: If you should need my advice,...) Tivesse voc necessidado do meu conselho.. ( ao invs de : se voc tivesse necessitado...)

if vs. when ( Se X Quando)

if and when are interchangeable when the statement of the conditional clause is a fact or a general issue (also known as zero conditional) Se e quando so mutveis quando a sentena no condicional um fato ou uma questo comum ( tambm conhecida como condicional zero) If you heat ice, it melts. Se voc aquecer o gelo, ele derrete. When you heat ice, it melts. Quando voc aquece o gelo, ele derrete if is used for something that, according to the speaker, might happen. Se usado para algo que, de acordo com o narrador, poderia acontecer. We can spend the afternoon on the beach if the weather is fine. Ns podemos passar a tarde na praia se o tempo estiver bom. when is used for something that, according to the speaker, will happen. Quando usado para algo que, de acordo com o narrador, acontecer. I will clean up the kitchen right away when I'm back from work. Eu limparei a cozinha imediatamente quando eu voltar do trabalho.

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in case vs. if ( caso x se)

in case of can be used to shorten an if-clause as shown below: no caso de ( caso) pode ser usado para encurtar uma condicional com se conforme mostrado abaixo: If there is a fire, leave the room. Se houver fogo, deixe a sala In case of fire, leave the room. Em caso de fogo, deixe a sala.

While if expresses a condition (1), in case is used to express a possibility (2). Enquanto o se expressa uma condio ( 1 ) , caso usado para expressar uma possibilidade ( 2) (1) (2) I need painkillers if I'm in severe pain. I need painkillers in case I'm in severe pain.

The expression just in case is used pretty much the same way. A expresso se por acaso usada muito semelhantemente. I got you a pizza just in case you were hungry. (I don't know whether you are hungry.)

EXERCISES

Put in the correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (type I, II, III). Watch the underlined verbs. Example: If he had studied harder, he ________________ (to pass) his driving test. Answer: If he had studied harder, he would have passed his driving test.

1) If we meet at 9:30, we

(to have) plenty of time.

2) Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge. 3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals. 4) If you spoke louder, your classmates 5) Dan 6) You homework. 7) If you (to understand) you.

(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly. (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.

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8) The door will unlock if you 9) If Mel questions. 10) I

(to press) the green button.

(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her (to call) the office if I were you.

Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Only use the willfuture in the main clauses. Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film. Answer: If I go to the cinema, I will watch an interesting film.

1) If I 2) If the sun 3) If he 4) If my friends 5) If she 6) If we 7) If you

(to study), I (to shine), we

(to pass) the exams. (to walk) to the town. (to see) the doctor. (to be) very happy. (to fly) to New York. (to visit) the museums. (to slip) on the rocks.

(to have) a temperature, he (to come), I (to earn) a lot of money, she (to travel) to London, we

(to wear) sandals in the mountains, you

8) If Rita 9) If they 10) If you

(to forget) her homework, the teacher (to go) to the disco, they (to wait) a minute, I

(to give) her a low mark.

(to listen) to loud music. (to ask) my parents

Continuar a resolver exerccios sobre if-clauses no site:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/if.htm ANOMALOUS VERBS

- CAN Forma: - can (present) - could (past) - will be able to (future) Usos: para indicar - capacidade ou habilidade
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- permisso (coloquial) - grande possibilidade Exemplos: Susan can play the piano beautifully. He could lend you some money if you asked. - MAY Forma: - may (present or future) - might (past) - may (might) + have + Past Participle (past probability) Usos: para indicar - permisso (formal) - probabilidade Exemplos: The weather is not very good. It may rain later on. He may have told her the bad news, thats why she doesnt feel good. - MUST Forma: - must (present). - had to (past necessity or obligation) - must have + Past Participle (strong past probability) - must/will have to (future) Ateno: must not (proibio) need not ou dont (doesnt) have to (no necessidade) Usos: para indicar necessidade ou obrigao deduo ou forte probabilidade Exemplos: Soldiers must obey orders. He must have known what she wanted. - SHOULD e OUGHT (to) Forma: should ou ought (to) (Present or future)
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should ou ought to + have + Past Participle (past) Usos: para indicar conselho, sugesto Exemplos: You ought to start at once. He should have finished his work before the teacher came in.
can, must
1) can

I can play football. My sister can play volleyball. I can't play handball. = I cannot play handball. Can I go to the cinema? When can we ride our bikes?
2) must

The children must be at school at 7.35. I must help my father this afternoon. Must we clean our room now? can - to be able to, to be allowed to We often use to be able to or to be allowed to instead of "can". We can only form the Past of "can" (could). To put "can" into other tenses we need the phrases to be able to or to be allowed to.
Affirmative sentences
Tense Modal Form I am able to play football. I'm able to play football. Simple Present I can play football. I am allowed to play football. I'm allowed to play football. I was able to play football. Simple Past I could play football. I was allowed to play football. I will be able to play football. I'll be able to play football. will-future not possible I will be allowed to play football. I'll be allowed to play football.

Negations
Tense Simple Present Modal I cannot play football. I can't play football. Form I am not able to play football. I'm not able to play football.

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I am not allowed to play football. I'm not allowed to play football. I was not able to play football. I wasn't able to play football. I was not allowed to play football. I wasn't allowed to play football. I will not be able to play football. I won't be able to play football. will-future not possible I will not be allowed to play football. I won't be allowed to play football.

Simple Past

I could not play football. I couldn't play football.

Future
Modal not possible I will be allowed to play football. Nobody objects. Form I will be able to play football. Comment I'm not hurt.

Modals, Auxiliaries
be, have

and do can be auxiliaries und full verbs.

Modals are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would and need (need can be a full verb, too).
We can play football. We could play football. We may play football. We might play football. We must play football. We mustn't play football. We needn't play football. We ought to play football. We shall play football. We should play football. We will play football. We would play football. Note: The sun rises in the East. He can play football. Can he speak Spanish? They must read the book. He was allowed to watch the film.

1) Do not use modals for things which happen definitely. 2) They do not have an -s in the 3rd person singular. 3) Questions are formed without do/does/did. 4) It follows a full verb in the infinitive. 5) There are no past forms (except could and would).

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5) No h formas de passado (exceto could e would) When you use the past particple, you tell about things which did not happen in the past. 6) Quando voc usa o particpio passado, voc fala sobre coisas que no aconteceram no passado.

Ele foi autorizado a assistir ao filme You should have told me. Voc deveria ter me contado.

Form (Forma) positive long form can could may might ought to -shall should will would contracted form ------'ll 'd 'll 'd negative long form cannot could not may not might not ought not to need not shall not -will not would not contracted form can't couldn't --oughtn't to needn't shan't shouldn't won't wouldn't

EXERCISES WITH MODAL VERBS

Site: http://englishroque.blogspot.com/2008/08/questes-grupo-10.html
1) She _______ play this game perfectly last week. (A) ought (B) can (C) could (D) may (E) might 2) Nicki ____ leave this room now. (A) musts (B) must (C) have to (D) has (E) had to 3) They mustnt enter that room , expressa: (A) uma ordem (B) uma proibio (C) uma advertncia (D) uma prescrio (E) uma obrigao 4) Im awfully sorry , but I had no choice. I simply ______ what I did. (A) ought to (B) must to (C) have done 61

(D) had to do (E) will have to do 5) Dont go out now! It _______. (A) may be raining (B) may be rainning (C) mays rain (D) may have raining (E) might to rain 6) Joe has just suffered an accident. He ________. (A) should to be resting (B) needs to resting (C) ought be resting (D) ought to resting (E) ought to be resting 7) had no time to. (A) should write (B) must write (C) had write (D) should have written (E) must have written 8) They ___________ early when they live in the country. (A) ought got up (B) Used to get up (C) may get up (D) can get up (E) able to get up 9) He _____ play chess when he was young, bur now he _____ do it anymore. (A) could, cant (B) may, might (C) to must, cant (D) could, cannot (E) a and d are correct 10) Assinale a alternativa que indica o sentido da palavra em negrito. It could be too late. (A) capacidade (B) habilidade (C) possibilidade (D) permisso (E) necessidade 11) Someone knocks at the door. You open it and he says: a) Should I come in? b) Would I come in? c) Must I come in? d) May I come in? e) Have I come in? 12) Shes so good that theres nothing she _______________ do. 62

a) cant b) cannot to c) may to d) has e) isnt able 13) Qual das sentenas abaixo comunica uma obrigao? a) I can learn how to speak English well. b) I may learn how to speak English well. c) I must learn how to speak English well. d) I want learn how to speak English well. e) I will learn how to speak English well. 14) You seem tired. You _________________ to have a rest. a) ought b) might c) must d) should e) could 15) You_____________ see a doctor if you really feel ill. a) to must b) should c) ought to d) a and b are correct e) b and c are correct 16) I ____________ a lazy student, but now I know I was just wasting my time. a) used to be b) use to be c) to use be d) using be e) uses be 17) Before he____________ make arrangements to go to New York, George received a surprising letter. a) may b) must c) shall d) could e) will 18) You _______________ stop if the lights are red. a) go b) are going c) have d) ought e) must

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19) As I worked for long hours, my doctor said that I ______________ to go to bed earlier. a) might b) must c) ought d) should e) may 20) I _____________ a lot when I was a teenager, but now I dont smoke anymore. a) used to smoke b) could have smoke c) used smoking d) would have smoked e) am used smoking 21) Cinco mdicos falaram sobre os possveis efeitos do consumo excessivo de caf. A afirmao menos categrica foi: If a person drinks too much coffee he ______ Get very sick in a short period of time. (A) many (B) can (C) might (D) will (E) ought to 22) If you want to catch up with your colleagues you _______ study at least four hours a day. (A) can (B) may (C) might (D) would (E) must 23) I _______ have gone if I ________ received your letter. (A) could have (B) would had (C) would have (D) would did (E) could did 24) You ought to stay, means (A) you may stay (B) you should stay (C) you must stay (D) you have to stay (E) you might stay 25) A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II, III das sentenas: 1) He _______ climb to the top of that mountain. (I) 2) ________ the child have the toy? (II) 3) She ______ go now. (III) respectivamente: 64

(A) can to, mays, musts to (B) can, may, must (C) can to, may, must to (D) cans, mays, musts (E) will can, will may, will must 26) I _________ play tennis yesterday because it wasnt raining. (A) may (B) was able to (C) can (D) ought to (E) must to 27) You mustnt take that medicine expressa uma: (A) ordem (B) advertncia (C) obrigao (D) proibio (E) chateao 28) Mark the correct alternative: Are you going to Sues wedding? I know I ____________ go, but I _____________ not be able to make it. (A) must/can (B) should/may (C) can/might (D) may/should (E) ought to/must 29) The child mustnt get out of his room. The underlined word indicates: (A) no necessity (B) prohibition (C) inability (D) no obligation (E) no possibility 30) )____________ I smoke here? Yes, but you _____________ throw ashes on the floor. (A) may/should (B) might/must not to (C) can/ mustnt (D) could/ought to (E) would/shouldnt 31) Passe para o ingls: Costumo dormir cedo a) I used sleep early b) I used to sleep early c) I am used to sleeping early d) I get used to sleep early e) I got used to sleep early 32) I cant see him here, he_____home a) must goes b) could have go 65

c) should going d) must have gone e) could has gone 33) She____ a lot. She got the best mark in her class. a) can have studied b) must have studied c) would have studied d) should have studied e) must have study 34) He _____ there regularly, but now he never does a) used to go b) goes c) was used to go d) used to going e) used to gone 35) You seen tired. You____ to have a rest. a) tought b) might c) must d) should e) could 36) Translate into English: no estamos acostumados a falar ingls. a) were not used to speaking english b) we dont use to speak english c) were not used to speak english d) were not accostumed speaking english e) were used not speaking English 37) I _____ be a lazy student, but now I know I was just wasting my time. a) used to b) use to c) to use d) using e) uses 38) You ______ decide at once a) tought b) should to c) can d) must e) could 39) Due to the strike, trains _____ arrive some minutes late. a) to can b) cans c) mays d) may e) to may 40) Listen, if you really want to get over your sickness you _____ not sleep late a) better b) d better to 66

c) better to d) d better e) would better 41) Complete with can or a may: a) I ______ go with you. b) I ______ learn to speak English! c) It __________ be dangerous. d) She asked if they ________ come in. e) They _____ find a restaurant near here, but Im not sure! 42) Now, complete with could or might: a) she _______live alone. b) _________ you call me this afternoon ? c) Im afraid you _______be wrong, teacher! d) You would change the world if you __________. 43) Fill in with must or should: a) he _______work more. b) What a beautiful car! It _______belong to a rich person. c) They _______respect the others. d) She ________ eat to live. 44) ___ you speak any foreign languages? a) May b) Can c) Have 45) Liz ___ get tired of her job. It is so boring. a) has to b) must c) should 46) Where's Nick? He ___ be in his office. a) might b) mustn't c) is to 47) Take an umbrella. It ___ rain later. a) has to b) need c) might 48) Jack ___ go to hospital yesterday. a) must b) had to c) need 49) Jane was so tired. She ___ have worked days and nights. a) should b) must c) need 50) ___ it be true? a) Must b) May c) Can

Heal the World (traduo) Michael Jackson

THERE'S A PLACE IN YOUR HEART H um lugar em seu corao 67

AND I KNOW THAT IT IS LOVE E eu sei que ele o amor AND THIS PLACE E nesse lugar COULD BE MUCH BRIGHTER THAN TOMORROW Pode estar o mais brilhante amanh AND IF YOU REALLY TRY E se voc realmente tentar YOU'LL FIND THERE'S NO NEED TO CRY Voc ir descobrir que no precisa chorar IN THIS PLACE Nesse lugar YOU'LL FEEL THERE'S NO HURT OR SORROW Voc ir sentir, que no h mgoa ou tristeza THERE ARE WAYS TO GET THERE H caminhos para chegar l IF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVING Se voc se importa muito com a vida MAKE A LITTLE SPACE Crie um pequeno espao MAKE A BETTER PLACE ... Crie um lugar melhor ( REFRO ) HEAL THE WORLD Cure o mundo MAKE IT A BETTER PLACE Faa dele um lugar melhor FOR YOU AND FOR ME Para voc e para mim AND THE ENTIRE HUMAN RACE E toda a raa humana THERE ARE PEOPLE DYING H pessoas morrendo IF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVING Se voc se importa muito com a vida MAKE A BETTER PLACE Faa um lugar melhor FOR YOU AND FOR ME Para voc e para mim IF YOU WANT TO KNOW WHY Se voc quer saber por que THERE'S A LOVE THAT CANNOT LIE Existe um amor que no pode mentir LOVE IS STRONG O amor forte IT ONLY CARES OF JOYFUL GIVING E s cuida das ddivas alegres IF WE TRY WE SHALL SEE Se ns tentarmos, ns veremos IN THIS BLISS WE CANNOT FEEL Nesta felicidade ns no sentimos FEAR OR DREAD Medo ou receio 68

WE STOP EXISTING AND START LIVING Paramos o existir e comeamos a viver THEN IT FEELS THAT ALWAYS Ento sentimos que sempre LOVE'S ENOUGH FOR US GROWING Bastante amor nos faz crescer SO MAKE A BETTER WORLD Ento faa um mundo melhor MAKE A BETTER WORLD ... Faa um mundo melhor ( REPETE REFRO ) AND THE DREAM WE WERE CONCEIVED IN WILL REVEAL A JOYFUL ACE E o sonho que ns concebemos ... eevelar um rosto alegre AND THE WORLD WE ONCE BELIEVED IN WILL SHINE AGAIN IN GRACE E o mundo que uma vez ns acreditamos ir brilhar de novo em graa THEN WHY Ento por que... DO WE KEEP STRANGLING LIFE Ns sufocamos a vida ? WOUND THIS EARTH CRUCIFY ITS SOUL Ferimos esta Terra, crucificamos esta alma THOUGH IT'S PLAIN TO SEE Mas claro ver... THIS WORLD IS HEAVENLY Que este mundo divino BE GOD'S GLOW a luz de Deus WE COULD FLY SO HIGH Ns podemos voar to alto LET OUR SPIRITS NEVER DIE Nunca deixar nossas almas morrerem IN MY HEART Em meu corao I FEEL YOU ARE ALL MY BROTHERS Eu sinto vocs todos meus irmos CREATE A WORLD WITH NO FEAR Crie um mundo sem medos TOGETHER WE CRY HAPPY TEARS Juntos ns choraremos lgrimas de alegria SEE THE NATION Veja a nao TURN THEIR SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARES Transforme suas espadas em arados WE COULD REALLY GET THERE Ns poderamos realmente conseguir IF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVING Se voc se importa muito com a vida MAKE A LITTLE SPACE Crie um pequeno espao MAKE A BETTER PLACE ... Crie um lugar melhor ( REFRO 3 VEZES ) HEAL THE WORLD Cure o mundo MAKE IT A BETTER PLACE Faa dele um lugar melhor 69

FOR YOU AND FOR ME Para voc e para mim AND THE ENTIRE HUMAN RACE E toda a raa humana THERE ARE PEOPLE DYING H pessoas morrendo IF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVING Se voc se importa muito com a vida MAKE A BETTER PLACE Faa um lugar melhor FOR YOU AND FOR ME Para voc e para mim YOU AND FOR ME Para voc e para mim

Conquest of Paradise
Cantado por: Dana Winner There shines a light in the hart of man Uma luz brilha no corao das pessoas That defies the dead of the night Que desafia a escurido da noite A beam that close within every soul Uma luz cravada em cada alma Like wings of hope taking flight Como asas da esperana levantando voo

A sunny day, when a babys born Um dia ensolarado quando nasce um beb The little things that we say As pequenas coisas que dizemos A special sparkle in someones eye Um brilho especial nos olhos de cada pessoa 70

Simple gifts, every day Presentes simples, todos os dias Somewhere theres a paradise Em algum lugar existe um paraso Where everyone finds release Onde todos encontram libertao Its here on earth and between your eyes aqui na terra e entre os seus olhos A place we all find our peace Um lugar onde encontramos nossa paz Come open your heart Venha - abra seu corao... Reach for the stars Estenda as mos para as estrelas Believe your own power Acredite no seu poder Now, here in this place Agora, aqui neste local Here on this earth Aqui nesta terra This is the hour Esta a hora

Its just a place we call paradise um lugar que chamamos de paraso Each of us has his own Cada um de ns tem o seu prprio It has no name, no, it has no price 71

No tem nome, no, no tem preo Its just a place we call home um lugar que chamamos de lar A dream that reach beyond the stars Um sonho que alcana alm das estrelas The endless blue of the skies O azul sem fim do cu Forever wondering who we are? Sempre nos perguntando quem somos? Forever questioning why? Sempre nos questionando porque? Come open your heart Venha - abra seu corao... Reach for the stars Estenda as mos para as estrelas Believe your own power Acredite no seu poder Now, here in this place Agora, aqui neste lugar Here on this earth Aqui nesta terra

This is the hour Esta a hora There shines a light in the hart of man Uma luz brilha no corao das pessoas That defies the dead of the night Que desafia a escurido da noite 72

A beam that close within every soul Uma luz cravada em cada alma Like wings of hope taking flight Como asas da esperana levantando vo Like wings of hope taking flight Como asas da esperana levantando vo

I Dreamed A Dream( lyrics ) Les Miserables traduza esta cano

There was a time, when men were kind ______________________________________________ And their voices were soft ______________________________________________ And their words were inviting _______________________________________________ There was a time, when love was blind _______________________________________________ And the world was a song _______________________________________________ And the song was exciting _______________________________________________ There was a time it all went wrong _________________________________________________ I dreamed a dream in time gone by ___________________________________________________ When hope was high and life worth living __________________________________________________ I dreamed that love would never die ___________________________________________________ I dreamed that God would be forgiving 73

_____________________________________________________ Then I was young and unafraid _____________________________________________________ And dreams were made and used and wasted ____________________________________________________ There was no ransom to be paid _____________________________________________________ No song unsung, no wine untasted _____________________________________________________ But the tigers come at night _____________________________________________________ With their voices soft as thunder _____________________________________________________ As they turn your hope apart _____________________________________________________ As they turn your dreams to shame _____________________________________________________ He slept a summer by my side _____________________________________________________ He filled my dreams with endless wonder _____________________________________________________ He took my childhood in his stride _____________________________________________________ But he was gone when autumn came _____________________________________________________ And still I dream he'd come to me _____________________________________________________ That we would live the years together _____________________________________________________ But there are dreams that cannot be _____________________________________________________ And there are storms we cannot weather _____________________________________________________ I had a dream my life would be _____________________________________________________ 74

So different from the hell I'm living _____________________________________________________ So different now from what it seemed _____________________________________________________ Now life has killed the dream I dreamed

Vocabulary: Kind: gentil Blind: cego Ransom: fiana Unsung: no cantada Untasted: no saboreado Thunder: tempestade, trovo. Stride: passo largo Weather: evitar Hell:inferno

42 WAYS TO CELEBRATE LIFE (MOTIVACIONAL)

1) Falling in love 2) Laughing so hard your face hurts.

3) A lovely hot shower in winter. 4) Accidentally overhearing someone say something nice about you.

5) A special glance from someone nice. 6) Knowing that somebody misses you.

7) Taking a drive on a pretty road. 8) Hearing your favorite song.

9) Lying in bed listening to the rain. 10) Hot towels fresh out of the dryer.

11) Vanilla, Chocolate or Strawberry milkshakes. 75

12) A hot bubble bath. 13) Giggling. 14) A good conversation 15) Walking on the beach with sand through your toes. 16) Running through sprinklers.

17) Finding $ 50,00 in your coat pocket. 18) Laughing at yourself. 19) Getting a hug from someone you care about deeply. 20) Sweet dreams. 21) Having someone tell you that youre beautiful. 22) A nice relaxing Sunday afternoon. 23) Friends. 24)Watching the expression on someones face as they open a much desired present from you. 25) Waking up and realizing you still have a few hours left to sleep. 26) Your first Kiss (if you cant remember it imagine you can). 27) Making new friends or spending time with old ones. 28) Playing with a new puppy. 29) Having someone play with your hair. 30) Getting out of bed every morning and being grateful for another beautiful day. 31) Hot chocolate with marshmallow. 32) Swinging on swings. 33) Making eye contact with a cute stranger. 34) Making home-made biscuits. 35) Having your friends bring around a home-made cake. 36) Watching the sunrise 37) Running into an old friend. 38) Holding hands with someone your care about. 76

39) Believing in yourself and feeling good about it. 40) Take time to smell roses. 41) Knowing that youve done the right thing no matter what other people might think. 42) Feeling good that youve shared your life experiences with everyone you know and Everyone you come in contact with

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