MODAL VERBS

MODAL can (not) / could (not) / be (not) able to must / mustn't USAGE - ability - possibility - polite request (informal) - permission - obligation - prohibition (din') had to / will (not) have to is the past and future form of must/mustn't - lack of obligation EXAMPLE a) Sam can speak two languages b) It could be possible if we try c) Can you help me? d) You can use my phone a) We must be silent in class b) Student's mustn't smoke in class c) We had to write 2 compositions last week a) You don't have to bring your book next day (if you do, it doesn't matter) b) We have to visit Angela she's got a baby girl a) He might be right. b) May I have yout ID? c) You may leave now. a) We shouldn't spend so much money b) We ought to arrive at 10 if the traffic isn't too heavy a) We will win the match a) Would you mind looking after my bag? a) I need to leave school at 12 because I'm going to the doctor a) You needn't have bought uniforms, everything is included. a) I didn't need to wake up early so I stayed in bed until 11am. a) You had better study if you want to pass the exam

(not) have to

may (not) / might (not)

- possibility - polite request (formal) - permission (formal)

should (not) / - advise ought (not) to - something which is almost certain will (not) would (not) need - predictions about the future - polite request - necessity

needn't have... - not necessary (but you did it) didn't need to - not necessary (and you didn't do it) had better (not) - expressing a bad consequence