Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Upload Garry John Dickinson View Public Profile My ContentMy Reading FeedMy Stats NotificationsAccount | SettingsStore EarningsHelp Log Out
Search the world's digital library.
Browse By Type Books - FictionBooks - Non FictionBrochures & CatalogsComicsGovernment DocsHow-To Guides & ManualsNewspapers & MagazinesPresentationsMenus & RecipesResearchSchool Work By Topic Art & DesignBusinessCreative WritingEntertainmentFictionFoodGovernment & PoliticsHealth & FitnessReligionScienceLiterature
Industrial advertising
www.CW-Marketing.co.za Get more leads for your business SEO, Website, Public Relations Read without ads and support Scribd by becoming a Scribd Premium Reader. See Premium Plans Language: English Download Now you can comment on specific sections as well as the entire document. Your note has been posted. View your note. Or, add a new note Select a region of the document to add a note about a specific section Select Region
A d dan o t e .( L i m i t4 0 0 c h a r a c t e r s )
View All NotesPost Note Go BackAdd Note Link Embed Save for later
1
of 48
p. button to share with your Scribd followers. Note: You can always click on the Readcast Auto-Readcasting: OffView Past Readcasts Undo
EUROWEL D, Ltd.
5 November 01
1.0 ABSTRACT
Factors affecting use, development, and procurement of Modified Grade 91 welding consumables for heavy wall applications are the focus of this report. Differences in technical approach between domestic and European producers and users are provided, particularly in composition variances. Prior and current activities are highlighted as well as progress to date in obtaining suitable fabricated wires with acceptable mechanical and operational properties.
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
1/44
4/21/13
Guideline for Welding P91 in obtaining suitable fabricated wires with acceptable mechanical and operational properties.
The effects of composition, post weld heat treatment times and temperatures plus practical implementation factors as they relate to creep and toughness are examined. Availability and procurement considerations are also discussed. As we learn more about this alloy, it is becoming clear that P(T)91 should not be treated as just another CrMo steel . The alloy requires considerable care during joining to assure acceptable long term properties. (1)
W. F. Newell, Jr. is a Co-Founder of Euroweld, Ltd. and President of W. F. Newell & Associates, Inc.
- 1 -
EUROWEL D, Ltd.
o o
5 November 01
The creep rupture strength above 520 C (968 F) proved inferior to the EM12, but even more important, X20 exhibited poor weldability due to of its elevated carbon content. Other competitive alloys such as the Swedish HT9 and Japanese HCM 9M were produced, but were not as widely used as EM12 or X20. In 1974, a task force was initiated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to select materials for the LMFBR (Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor) Program. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), assisted by Combustion Engineering, initiated a program to develop a 9Cr-1Mo steel that included all of the advantages of the EM12 and X 20 alloys plus eliminated the disadvantages. The orginal service temperature called for this material to provide strength at 5120C (9700F) and toughness of 54J (40 ft-lbs) at room temperatue for selected liquid sodium coolant components. Creep resistance, weldability and the ability to commercially produce the alloy were considerations. Toughnessand was the primary consideration. By 1980, over 100 base metal test heats had been formulated tested. The resulting composition of the Modified 9Cr-1Mo (later T/P91) is shown in Table 2. Multiple refining operations in the steel making practice were found to be required to achieve the controlled composition. Table 2. Summary of Heat Treatment and Mechanical Property Requirements for Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steels (13)
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
2/44
4/21/13
The first set of Modified 9Cr-1Mo test tubes were installed in May 1980 in superheater sections of the TVA Kingston Unit 5 station, replacing TP321 stainless steel tubing. Modified 9Cr-1Mo was recognized for tubing by ASTM as A213, Grade T91, in 1983. Use of the material for piping and headers was approved by ASTM (and ASME) as A/SA-335, Grade P91 in 1984. A European (German) equivalent is DIN 1.4903, Grade or Type X10 CrMo.V.Nb 91. - 2 -
EUROWEL D, Ltd.
5 November 01
Figure 1. illustrates a comparison of wall thickness for various alloys for a given elevated temperature, pressure and European allowable strengths. Note that nearly a 2:1 reduction in wall thickness (61mm versus 132mm) is possible where Modified Grade 91 or P(T)91 (herein referred to as P91) is used in place of P22 material. The material provides an increase of 44 to 170% in allowable strength in the 5100C (9500F) to 5930C (11000F) temperature range. The 0 0 oxidation limit is also 38 C (100 F) above typical Grade 22 materials. Grade 91 also offers 0 0 higher allowable strengths over type 304H up to 610 c (1130 F).
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
3/44
4/21/13
Inspection Checklists
fieldid.com/inspection-checklists Leading Mobile & Web-Based Inspection Checklists. Watch a Demo
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
4/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
5/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
6/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
7/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
8/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
9/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
10/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
11/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
12/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
13/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
14/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
15/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
16/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
17/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
18/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
19/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
20/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
21/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
22/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
23/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
24/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
25/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
26/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
27/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
28/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
29/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
30/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
31/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
32/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
33/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
34/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
35/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
36/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
37/44
4/21/13
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
38/44
4/21/13
Search TIP Press Ctrl-FF to search anywhere in the document. Read without ads and support Scribd by becoming a Scribd Premium Reader. See Premium Plans
Sections
1.0 ABSTRACT 3.0 BASE MATERIAL PROPERTIES 3.2 Base Metal Composition 4.0 WELDMENT PROPERTIES 4.1 Tensile Properties 4.3.1 Weld Metal Composition & Delta Ferrite 4.3.2 Preheat and Postweld Heat Treat 4.3.3 Welding Process Effects 4.3.4 Bead Shape and Position Effect 4.3.5 Toughness Testing Temperature 5.0 DISSIMILAR WELDING 6.0 WELDING PROCESSES
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91 39/44
4/21/13
6.1 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 6.2 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) 6.3 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) 6.4 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) 6.5 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) 7.0 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 7.1 Preheat, Postbake & PWHT Methods & Approaches 7.2 Preheat 7.3 Interpass Maximum 7.4 Post Weld Bake-Out 7.5 Interruption of the Heat Cycle 7.6 Miscellaneous Precautions 7.7 Hardness Control 8.0 WELD METAL AVAILABILITY and PROCUREMENT 8.1 Availability 8.2 Procurement 8.3.1 American Welding Society 8.3.2 ASME (32) 8.3.3 ISO 9.0 CONCLUSIONS 10.0 REFERENCES 11.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.TXT Download Read without ads and support Scribd by becoming a Scribd Premium Reader. See Premium Plans
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
40/44
4/21/13
Recommended
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
41/44
4/21/13
4/21/13
garry_dickinson
Privacy:publicPost Note
About About Scribd Blog Join our team! Contact Us Premium Premium Reader Scribd Store Advertise with us Get started AdChoices Support Help FAQ Press Partners Developers / API Legal Terms Privacy Copyright Copyright 2013 Scribd Inc. Language:
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91 43/44
4/21/13
English
www.scribd.com/doc/72682845/Guideline-for-Welding-P91
44/44