Magnetic Susceptibilities of Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials at 20C

Material Paramagnetic Iron oxide (FeO) Iron amonium alum Uranium Platinum Tungsten Cesium Aluminum Lithium Magnesium Sodium Oxygen gas Diamagnetic Ammonia Bismuth Mercury Silver Carbon (diamond) Carbon (graphite) Lead Sodium chloride -.26 -16.6 -2.9 -2.6 -2.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.4 720 66 40 26 6.8 5.1 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.72 0.19 m=Km-1 (x 10-5 ) Here the quantity Km is called the relative permeability, a quantity which measures the ratio of the internal magnetization to the applied magnetic field. If the material does not respond to the magnetic field by magnetizing, then the field in the material will be just the applied field and the relative permeability Km =1. A positive relative permeability greater than 1 implies that the material magnetizes in response to the applied magnetic field. The quantity m is called magnetic susceptibility, and it is just Index the permeability minus 1. The magnetic susceptibility is then zero if the material Tables does not respond with any magnetization. So both quantities give the same Reference information, and both are dimensionless Young quantities. Section 29-8 For ordinary solids and liquids at room temperature, the relative permeability Km is typically in the range 1.00001 to 1.003. We recognize this weak magnetic character of common materials by the saying "they are not magnetic", which recognizes their great contrast to the magnetic response of ferromagnetic materials. More precisely, they are either paramagnetic or diamagnetic, but that represents a very small magnetic response compared to ferromagnets.

The gases N2 and H2 are weakly diamagnetic with susceptabilities -0.0005 x Copper -1.0 10-5 for N2 and -0.00021 x 10-5 for H2 . Water -0.91 That is in contrast to the large paramagnetic Paramagnetism Diamagnetism susceptability of O2 in the table. HyperPhysics***** Condensed Matter Go Back

Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials

Material Iron, 99.8% pure Iron, 99.95% pure 78 Permalloy Remanent Initial Maximum Coercive Flux Treatment Relative Relative Force Density Permeability Permeability (oersteds) (gauss) Annealed Annealed in hydrogen Annealed, quenched 150 10,000 8,000 5000 200,000 100,000 1.0 0.05 .05 13,000 13,000 7,000

Annealed in Superpermalloy hydrogen, controlled cooling Cobalt, 99% pure Nickel, 99% pure Steel, 0.9% C Steel, 30% Co Alnico 5 Silmanal Iron, fine powder Annealed Annealed Quenched Quenched Cooled in magnetic field Baked Pressed

100,000

1,000,000

0.002

7,000 Index Tables

70 110 50 ... 4 ... ...

250 600 100 ... ... ... ...

10 0.7 70 240 575 6,000 470

5,000 4,000 10,300 9,500 12,500 550 6,000 Reference Brown

In this table the remanent flux density is the retained magnetic field B, and the SI unit for B is the Tesla (T). 1 Tesla = 10,000 gauss. The "coercive force" is the applied reverse magnetic field strength H required to force the net magnetic field back to zero after magnetization. The SI unit for H is A/m, and 1 A/m = 0.01257 oersteds. Discussion of relative permeability Coercivity and Remanence