Code: 9A23602

1
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-II
(Biotechnology)

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1.

Max. Marks: 70

Acetobacter aceti bacteria convert ethanol to acetic acid under aerobic conditions. A continuous fermentation process for vinegar production is proposed using non-viable A.aceti cells immobilized on the surface of gelatin beads. The production target is 2 kg h-1 acetic acid; however the maximum acetic acid concentration tolerated by the cells is 12%. Air is pumped into the fermenter at a rate of 200 gmol h-1. (i) What minimum amount of ethanol is required? (ii) What minimum amount of water must be used to dilute the ethanol to avoid acid inhibition? (iii) What is the composition of the fermenter off-gas?

2. (a) Define the term dilution rate. (b) What is wash out conditions? Explain in details the effects of wash out conditions in the chemostat with the equations. Derive the equations for dilutions rate at wash out conditions. 3. 4. 5. Briefly discuss about enzyme specificity. What are the various types of enzyme specificity? How the kinetics does differ in the case of reactions catalyzed by allosteric enzymes? Explain. Discuss the various physical and chemical techniques used for enzyme immobilizations.

6. (a) What is meant by extrinsic reaction rate constant? (b) Explain the mass transfer limitations in immobilized enzymes systems. 7. (a) Write a notes on bubble column bioreactor with a neat diagram. (b) Write about industrial application of packed bed reactors also mentions its advantages and disadvantages. 8. (a) Describe a bioreactor configuration for growth of animal cells. (b) Why scale-up is a challenge in bioreactors? Explain with advantages and disadvantages of bioreactors.

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Code: 9A23602

2
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-II
(Biotechnology)

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1.

Max. Marks: 70

Anaerobic digestion of volatile acids by methane bacteria is represented by the equation: CH3COOH+NH3 ---------> 9 Biomass +CO2+H20+CH4 (Acetic acid) (Methane) The composition of methane bacteria is approximated by the empirical formula CH1.4O0.40N0.20. For each kg acetic acid consumed, 0.67 kg CO2 is evolved. How does the yield of methane under these conditions compare with the maximum possible yield?

2. (a) Define the term dilution rate. (b) For a steady state chemostat show that dilution rate equal to specific growth rate. 3. Derive Michalies - Mentan reaction rate expression with different assumptions. (i) Equilibrium assumption. (ii) Sequential irreversible reaction assumption. (iii) Quasi steady state assumption. What in meant by inhibition? What are the types of inhibitions with respect to enzyme kinetics? Explain in details with suitable examples. Discuss about the interaction and carriers used for enzyme immobilization by adsorption.

4.

5.

6. (a) What is meant by intrinsic reaction rate constant? (b) Derive an expression for the concentration profile of a substrate following first order kinetics and spherical geometry considering internal mass transfer. 7. (a) Explain the various types of fluidization. (b) Explain the application of tubular reactor concept in fluid bed reactors. 8. (a) Describe a bioreactor configuration for growth of plants cells. (b) Which type of reactors is the world largest industrial fermenter? Why an air lift bioreactors helps you avoid damaging cell shear.

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Code: 9A23602

3
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-II
(Biotechnology)

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****

Max. Marks: 70

1. (a) Define the term dilution rate. (b) What is wash out conditions? Explain in details the effects of wash out conditions in the chemostat with the equations. Derive the equations for dilutions rate at wash out conditions. 2. 3. How the kinetics does differ in the case of reactions catalyzed by allosteric enzymes? Explain. Discuss the various physical and chemical techniques used for enzyme immobilizations.

4. (a) What is meant by extrinsic reaction rate constant? (b) Explain the mass transfer limitations in immobilized enzymes systems. 5. (a) Describe a bioreactor configuration for growth of plant cells. (b) Distinguish between the bioreactor configuration for plant and animal cells. 6. A fermentation slurry containing Streptomyces kanamyceticus cells is filtered using a continuous rotary vacuum filter. 120 kg h-1 slurry is fed to the filter; 1 kg slurry contains 60 g cell solids. To improve filtration rates, particles of diatomaceous-earth filter aid are added at a rate of 10 kg h-1. The concentration of kanamycin in the slurry is 0.05% by weight. Liquid filtrate is collected at a rate of 112 kg h-1; the concentration of kanamycin in the filtrate is 0.045 % (w/w). Filter cake containing cells and filter aid is continuously removed from the filter cloth. (i) What percentage liquid is the filter cake? (ii) If the concentration of kanamycin in the filter-cake liquid is the same as in the filtrate, how much kanamycin is absorbed per kg filter aid? Show diagrammatically the relationship between effectiveness factor and Thiele modulus for different shapes of catalyst pellets and for the first order kinetics. Describe the various characteristic features of fluidized bed bio reactor.

7.

8.

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Code: 9A23602

4
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-II
(Biotechnology)

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1.

Max. Marks: 70

Production of single-cell protein from hexadecane is described by the following reaction equation: C16H34+aO2+bNH3---------------------------> cCH1.6600.27N0.20+dCO2+eH20 Where CH1.6600.27N0.20 presents the biomass. If RQ=0.43, determine the stoichiometric coefficients? Discuss the design of recycle flow in chemostat. Explain the concept of search for a biochemical reaction mechanism taking enzyme-substrate as example. Discuss about the interaction and carriers used for enzyme immobilization by adsorption.

2. 3.

4.

5. (a) What is meant by intrinsic reaction rate constant? (b) Derive an expression for the concentration profile of a substrate following first order kinetics and spherical geometry considering internal mass transfer. 6. (a) Describe a bioreactor configuration for growth of animal cells. (b) Distinguish between the bioreactor configuration for plant and animal cells. 7. Briefly discuss about: (a) Substrate inhibition. (b) Product inhibition. Describe the various characteristic features of immobilized packed bed bio reactor.

8.

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