Calc 1 Lecture Notes Section 6.

9 Page 1 of 5
Section 6.9: Hyperbolic Functions
1. Uses of the hyperbolic functions:
a. Engineering applications (catenary curves)
b. Finding certain antiderivatives.
c. Solving differential equations, such as
y(x) = y(x), which has solution y(x) = Asinh(x) + Bcosh(x)
vs. y(x) = -y(x), which has solution y(x) = Asin(x) + Bcos(x) )
2. Definition of the hyperbolic functions:
2
sinh
x x
e e
x

2
cosh
x x
e e
x

+

,
_

1
1
cosh
sinh
tanh
2
2
x
x
x x
x x
e
e
e e
e e
x
x
x

,
_

1
1
sinh
cosh
coth
2
2
x
x
x x
x x
e
e
e e
e e
x
x
x
x x
e e x
x

+

2
cosh
1
sech
x x
e e x
x

2
sinh
1
csch
3. Some identities involving hyperbolic functions:
1 sinh cosh
2 2
u u
Note: if x = cosh u and y = sinh u, then
1
2 2
y x is the equation of a hyperbola
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sinh
2
cos sin cos sin
2
sin
i i
e e
i
i i
i

+ +

u u u cosh sinh 2 2 sinh

1 cosh 2 2 cosh
2
u u
cosh (s + t) = cosh s cosh t + sinh s sinh t sinh (s + t) = sinh s cosh t + cosh s sinh t
4. Osborness Rule: a trigonometry identity can be converted to an analogous identity for
hyperbolic functions by expanding, exchanging trigonometric functions with their
hyperbolic counterparts, and then flipping the sign of each term involving the product of
two hyperbolic sines. For example, given the identity
Osborne's rule gives the corresponding identity
Eric W. Weisstein. "Osborne's Rule." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/OsbornesRule.html
Calc 1 Lecture Notes Section 6.9 Page 2 of 5
5. Graphs of the hyperbolic functions:
Calc 1 Lecture Notes Section 6.9 Page 3 of 5
6. Inverses of the hyperbolic functions and their formulae:
( ) 1 ln sinh
sinh iff sinh
2 1
1
+ +

x x x
x y x y
( ) 1 ln cosh
cosh iff cosh
2 1
1
+

x x x
x y x y
x
x
x
x y x y

1
1
ln
2
1
tanh
tanh iff tanh
1
1
1
1
ln
2
1
coth
coth iff coth
1
1

x
x
x
x y x y
Also: ( )
1 1
1
coth tanh x
x

_

,
_

1
1 1
ln sech
sech iff sech
2
1
1
x x
x
x y x y
Also: ( )
1 1
1
sech cosh x
x

_

,
_

+ +

1
1 1
ln csch
csch iff csch
2
1
1
x x
x
x y x y
Also: ( )
1 1
1
csch sinh x
x

_

,
7. Proof of the formula for the inverse hyperbolic sine:
( ) ( )
( ) 1 ln sinh
1
) 1 ( 2
) 1 )( 1 ( 4 4 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 2
2
2
sinh
sinh
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
1
+ +
+ t
t

x x x y
x x
x x
e
e x e
xe e
e xe
e e x
e e
y x
x y
y
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
Calc 1 Lecture Notes Section 6.9 Page 4 of 5
8. Derivatives of the hyperbolic functions:
x
e e e e
dx
d
x
dx
d
x x x x
cosh
2 2
sinh
+

x x
dx
d
sinh cosh
x x
dx
d
2
sech tanh x x
dx
d
2
csch - coth
x x x
dx
d
tanh sech sech x x x
dx
d
coth csch csch
9. Recall that the derivative formulas can be used to obtain integral formulas, like
c x xdx +

cosh sinh
10. Derivatives of the inverse hyperbolic functions:
2
1
1
1
sinh
x
x
dx
d
+

1
1
cosh
2
1

x
x
dx
d
2
1
x - 1
1
tanh

x
dx
d
2
1
x - 1
1
coth

x
dx
d
2
1 -
x - 1
1 -
sech
x
x
dx
d

2
1 -
x 1
1 -
csch
+

x
x
dx
d
11. Recall that the derivative formulas can be used to obtain integral formulas, like
c x dx
x
+
+

1
2
sinh
1
1
Also, you can prove using integration by substitution that
( ) ( ) tanh ln cosh x dx x c +

, and that
( ) ( ) coth ln sinh x dx x c +

Calc 1 Lecture Notes Section 6.9 Page 5 of 5

12. Proof of the derivative of the inverse hyperbolic sine:
2
2
1
1
1
sinh 1
1
cosh
1
1 cosh
sinh
sinh
sinh
x
dx
dy
y
y dx
dy
dx
dy
y
x
dx
d
y
dx
d
y x
x y
+

( )
( )
( )
1 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
sinh ln 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
d d
x x x
dx dx
d
x x
dx
x x
x
x x
x
x x x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x
x

+ +
1
+ +
]
+ +
+
+
+

+ + +
+ +
+

+
+ +
+