Assessing tourism as a means for investment encouragement in Arbaminch town

ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY
College of Business and Economics Department of Tourism Management

By: Ayana Urgessa Advisor: Wagnew .E

April /2013 Arba Minch Ethiopia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

Pages

Chapter one------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------1 1-Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------1 1.1-Background of the study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.2-Statement of the problem---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3-Basic research questions-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.4-Objective of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.4.1-General objective of the study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.4.2-Specific objective of the study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.5-Scope of the Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -3 1.6-Limitations of the study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.7-Significances of the study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -4 1.8- Conceptual frame work----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Chapter Two------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2-Litreature Review-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.1-Defining Tourism---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 \2.1.1-Investment-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2.1.2-Types of investment------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2.2-Investment in Ethiopia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.2.1-Factors encouraging investment in Ethiopia-----------------------------------------------------------14 2.3-Investment in Arbaminch town--------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

Chapter Three----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 3-Research Methodology and Design---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 3.1-Background of the study area----------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 3.2-Research Design--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 3.3-Sources of Data--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 3.4-Sampling Design and Technique-----------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3.5-Data Gathering Method--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 3.6-Population of the Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3.7-Method of Data Interpretation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3.8-Time Budget------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 3.9-Cost Budget------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 List of Reference Material---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study Tourism is not only largest, it is fast growing industry involves many economic and social sectors making it an excellent development vector. Not, surprisingly, surveys have also shown that tourism is high priority industry for the investment promotion agencies throughout the world. (Endolk, 2006). Tourism is not single industry rather it is a composites of activities, service and industries that deliver a travel experience; transportation, accommodation and drinking establishments shops, entertainment activities, facilities and other hospitality service available for individuals or groups that are travelling away from home (Geoldner, 2009). It encompasses all providers of visitors and visitor selected services. Finally tourism is the sum total of tourist expenditures within the border of an action or political subdivision or a transportations centered economic areas of contiguous states. The tourism industry defined by the consumption patterns and behaviors of tourists, people who travel and stay at locations outside their usual environment generate tourism activity. Tourism investment is can also be defined as any investment that expands and upgrades the supply of domestic and international tourism product, services and experiences related to the tourism industry (Donald, 1995). Tourism in Ethiopia accounted for 5.5% of the country GDP during 2006, having barely increased 2% over the previous year (CSA, 1997). In Ethiopia historical site and memorial place like battle of Adowa, Lalibela rock hewn church, Gondar palace of Atse Fasiledes, Semen teraroch National Park and other are considered as the main tourism potential of the country. Even though having this historical and natural tourism potential, tourism investment in Ethiopia is at an infancy stage. Due to this, government bodies and society as a whole on debate to ensure significance of tourism investment for the development of the country (FCT, 2000).

Currently, however, promising results are observed with government due to emphasis for the development and effective utilization of these resources. Tourist inflow is getting better and so is the income from the sector. Yet, there is serious shortage of facilities and infrastructures and the sector is in huge demand of both domestic and foreign investment, private investors can take part in promotional activities, construction of facilities service provision tour operation and tour guide (FCT, 2003). 1.2 Statement of the problem Tourism is one of the most drivers of global economy, since it is the most recently growing industry on the world. Tourism investment is the generator of economic impact for a city, a state. In other line, tourism investment is the stimulator through globalization point (Geoldner, 2009). Here in Ethiopia as we said the development of tourism investment and its significant importance to the national economy performance is hindered by some potential problems. Firstly: - Due to poor and underdeveloped infrastructural facilities around tourist destinations Secondly:- Lack of promotion related tasks and Lastly :- The tourism industry by itself havent bear the desired fruit in all aspects. Based up on the above facts here under this study the core problem of this study would have been deals with the role of tourism in investment promotion and expansion, as well as assessing the stage of the impact of the above three problems on tourism investment in Arba Minch town. In addition to this, the study will answer the following research questions as the end:1.3 Basic Research questions 1. What is the role of tourism for investment facilitation and encouragement? 2. How tourism can be used as means to encourage investment? 3. What are the factors that encourage tourism investment?

4. Are these factors are available in Arba Minch town.

2 5. How far the factors like poor and underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of promotion and others are affect the expansion and bearing the fruit of the tourism investment in Arba Minch town? 1.4 Objectives of the study 1.4.1 General objectives The overall objective of the study is to assess how tourism used for investment encouragement in Arba Minch town and forwarding potentials recommendations and solution to identified problems. 1.4.2 Specific objectives of the study To assess how and what tourism plays its role in investment encouragement and promotion. To assess how tourism can be used as investment encourages investment in Arba Minch town. To assess factors those encourage tourism investment in Arba Minch town and their availability in the town. To assess the impact of factors like poor and underdeveloped infrastructure, inefficient promotional activities and the likes on the fruit of various tourism investments in Arba Minch town. 1.5 Scope of the study The scope of the study will be held at manageable size because of time and resource constraints. As per this, the study will focus on role of tourism infrastructure for promoting investment in Arba Minch town. The study will also include the following explanatory variables such as :investment and its type, motivators of investors, factors encourage and discourage investment, tourism potential in Arba Minch town and its role for tourism investment promotion and encouragement. In addition to these the study will include tourism related investors in Arba Minch town such as:- paradise lodge, Arba Minch tourist Hotel, Green land hotel, Bekele Mola hotel and Soma lodge. 3

The researcher will also use purposive sampling design to select respondents (samples) from the target population in order to draw the general facts on the subject matter under consideration. 1.6 Limitation of the study Conducting study on tourism as means for investment encouragement in place where full tourism potential can generate a huge income. As per to this the study will delimited at Arba Minch town, this will make that the fruits of the study cant be used as a solution tool for the same issues in destination where there is full tourism potential more that Arba Minch town. In addition to the above facts, the researcher will face problems such as:- lack of information in primary data, lack of time and budget. 1.7 Significance of the study The following bodies will benefit from conducting research on tourism as a means for investment encouragement. These are:Government bodies-The government will use the fruit of the study as a raw material in his policies and strategies towards tourism and investment sector. Also in addition to this, it will benefit him, essence government to compare and contrast problems in tourism investment and to give priority to alleviate the potential problems. So as to generate the huge income from the sectors. Privates (Investors)-It motivates them, to invest more through providing the clear picture and potential facts about the destination tourism resources. It can serve as the raw input to their strategic plan so as to reduce operational loss and business failurity through providing the exact and reliable information. For destination society It creates huge temporary as well as permanent job opportunity. It reduce unemployment at meaningful amount The expansion of urbanization through increasing hotel construction, lodge construction and also integration in construction technology. It improves the societys living standard, thorough creating huge job opportunity and increasing the income. It can make the destination become more desired location in all other aspects. 4

For the researcher It can be used as additional knowledge in the field of tourism and investment. For academicians It can be an addition to the existing knowledge. It can act as the raw material for the further research under such topic. 1.8 Conceptual frame work of the study
The following diagram show the conceptual frame work of the study

Improvment of the economice structure of the country

Tax revenue generation

main source of income generation

In frastructer devlopment

Tourism investment

imployement generation

improved standared of the life

incoregment of enterpreneur activity

balance of payment

Source: - own, completion, 2005. 5

CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Tourism
Tourism is now the largest industry in the world with tourist spending on estimated 127.8 billion dollars in 1986 on trips outside their own countries (WTO, 1987). Tourism is commonly though and referred to, as an industry. An industry is generally regarding as group of establishments engaged in the same kind of productive activities. Typically, industries are classified in accordance with the goods and services that they produce. Tourism is the fast growing industry that encourage investment infrastructure. If tourists become interested in destination and the destination growth will be increased by better infrastructure, then the government and other investors should provide or improve infrastructure (Khunou, 2009). Tourism sector is one of the priority sector of the investment climate advisory service for investment generation and regulatory simplification. Some institutions like UNCTAD, as well as the world economic forum strongly believe this sector can boost competitiveness, expand economic opportunities and provide a pathway to prosperity in client countries (Kusi. H, 2011). The ability of tourism destination to attract investment is influenced by complex numbers of characteristics such as government regulation, procedure and incentives (attractiveness of the taxation policies, regarding local and foreign investment and imports), the resource and convenience offered (e.g. Attractions, transportation access, hospitality, medical and other services, pricing, etc), marketing characteristics (visitors tests and preferences, disposal income, propensity to travel, proximity to destination etc), political stability of the destination to market and promote itself effectively, only if this combine to allow investor to earn an adequate return on their investment. By the year 2020 maximum investment will be made by the industrialist, traders, business man, Multinational Corporation and joint venture on the investment sector (A.K Roina and S.K Agorwa, 2004).

2.1.1 Investment
Definition of investment It is an asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in future or appreciate and be sold at higher price. Investment is the current commitment of dollar for a period of time in order to derive future payment that will compensate the investor for time of the funds are committed, the expected rate of inflation and the uncertainty of future payment (Frank, 2000) According to investopedia explains investment: it is the building of factory used to produce goods and the investment one makes by going to college or university is both examples of investment in the economic sense. In the financial sense investment, include the purchase of bonds, stocks or real-estate property. Be sure not to get making an investment and speculating confused. Investing usually involves the creation of wealth where as speculating is often a zerosum game: wealth is not created. Although speculators are often making informed decisions. Speculators cannot usually categorized as traditional investing. Investment in economics refers to economic activity that forgoes consumption today, with purpose of increasing output in the future. It includes spending on tangible assets such as house as well as intangible investment, such as education.

2.1.2 Different types of investment

Depending on the level of income to invest and type of equipment to be invested on:- There are different categories of investment. The following are some types of investment.

authonomous

net

induced

gross

investment

financial

unplaned

real

planned

Fig1 types of investment Source: investopedia.com (WWW.investopedia.com) assesses date Nov 23/2013@5:30 local time

1. Autonomous investment Investment, which does not change with the changes income level, is called as autonomous investment. Autonomous investment remains constant irrespective of income level. Which means even if the income is low, the autonomous investment remains the same? It refers to the investment made on houses, roads, public building and other parts of infrastructure. The government normally makes such a type of investment. 2. Induced investment Investment, which changes with the change in the income level, is called induced investment. Induced investment is positively related to the income level. That is, at high level of income entrepreneurs are induced to invest more and vice-versa. At high level of income, consumption expenditure increases, this leads to an increase investment of capital goods in order to produce more consumer goods. 3. Financial investment Investment made in buying financial instruments such as a new shares, bonds, securities, etc. Is considered as a financial investment. However, the money used for purchasing existing financial instruments such, as old bonds, old shares etc. cannot be considered as financial investment. It is mere transfer of financial asset from one individual to another. In financial investment, money invested for buying of new shares and bonds as well as debentures have a positive impact on employment level, production and economic growth.

9 4. Real investment

Investment made in new plant and equipment, construction of public utilities like schools, roads and real ways etc, is considered as real investment. Real investment in new machine tools, plant and equipments purchased factory buildings etc. Increase employment, production and economic growth of nation. Thus real investment has a direct impact on employment generation, economic growth etc. 5. Planed investment Investment made with a plan in several sectors of the economy with specific objectives is called as planned or intended investment. Planed investment can also be called as intended investment because investors while making investment make a concrete plan of his investment. 6. Unplanned investment Investment that has been done without any planning is called unplanned or unintended investment. In unplanned type of investment, investors make investment randomly without making any concrete plans. Hence, it can also be called as unintended investment. Under this type of investment, the investor may not consider the specific objectives while making investment decision. 7. Gross investment Gross investment means the total amount of money spent or creation of new capital assets like plant and machinery, factory building etc. It is the total expenditure made on new capital assets in a period. 8. Net investment Net investment is gross investment less (minus) capital consumption (depreciation) during a period of time: usually a year. It must be noted that a part of the investment is meant for depreciation of the capital asset or for replacing a worn-out capital asset. Hence, it must be 10 deducted to arrive at net investment.

 What motivate investors? Investors are motivated to invest in the private rental market for a number of reasons. These include financial factors, personal goals and household circumstance. Many investors use their own measures of quality and personal preference when selecting dwelling even though they will not be willing in the property. Investors perceive property as long term, safe and stable investment that is low risk and will produce guaranteed returns. Investing rather than rental yield and this is how succeed is measured. Sentimentality and informality characterize investors approaches to the housing market. Property is considered familiar, relatively easy to invest in (not mysterious and complex like other investment) and same ting a lots of people do. Age and personal circumstances (that is retirement), rather than market factors, appear to be the dominant considerations for those who had recently sold property or where intending to sell in the immediate future (Christopher, 2012). As share market commentary stated there are two main things motivate investors: making good profit and getting good money in short time. Making good profit To make the best profit from the market is the ultimate aim of the investors and so they put their efforts to invest in the right stock and that too at the right time. The investors aim that the main idea behind investing in the stock online is to save a lot of time and also get good profits without having to go out. Therefore, this helps them to remain quite confident of their investment in the market.

11

 Getting good money in short time Another motivator factor of investors to invest in the stock market is because they feel that they can earn good amount of profit in every short period of time. They would be able to feel that they have made the best out of their effort in getting their investment done in the right stocks. It is important to set some share tips that can always make them to take the right decision without any worries. If they cannot make the right decision when the condition of the market is good then they would not be able to make any right amount of profit from their investment. Factors that affect investment Before making an investment decision, an investor would be doing some careful analysis. This is vital in order to avoid any disastrous consequences that would result in losing all or part of the money invested. In order to get a clearer picture, it is better to look at the factor affecting investment decisions. These factors must be viewed in light of the investor requirement and circumstances. (Roger,1993). As this person suggested there are variety of factors that affect the development of investment on the world. These factors are Risk: risk is the important factor that can affect investment. There are many components to risks such as market risk, interest rate risk, business risk and country risk. In basic terms the risk to an investor as we discussed earlier, is that he/she will end up losing all or part of the money invested. The amount of risk on investor is prepared to take will vary from one person to another depending on their attitudes to risk. Some are risk aversive and do not like to take high risks and on the other hand, there are some others who are risk takers and would not hesitate to enter in to riskier project. Return on investment: the return on investment is another important criteria when making an investment decision. The higher the potential return offered by an investor, the greater the risk involved. The return from the investment could come in the form of cash flows such as 12 sales revenue, interest and dive dance, etc or an increase in the capital invested such as an

increase in the share price or unit trusts. The nature of the return desired by the investor will be strong indicator in the investment decision. Liquidity: liquidity of the investment is another factor, which deals in how fast the investor could convert the investment in to cash (liquid) without losing much value of investment. Suppose the share market is going through rough period and if shareholder has to sales same sales immediately, he/she may have to sell them at price below the purchase price thus incurring a loss. Liquidity is closely related to the market prices and having a strong market indicates that the liquidity for those assets are high.

2.2 Investment in Ethiopia

Soon after the Ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front /EPDRF/, government assumed office in 1991; it started to deal with economy shattered by civil wars, massive famines and legacy of rigid Marxist style policies and institutions. The chosen development strategy has been one of the agricultural development strategy has been one of the agricultural development led industrialization. It was supported by wide ranging macro stabilization and structural reforms. Moreover taking advantage of the peace dividend, the government of Ethiopia embarked on a massive demobilization that permitted drastic cussing defense expenditures from over 10 percent of gross domestic product (WB, 2006) Investment climate in Ethiopia Investment climate modifies the level of investment development and its factors of conditions in the country. The world bank of Washington, DC, stated that investment climate refers to the totality of macroeconomics, political, policy and institutional conditions in a country that together with structural forces, determine private investment, enterprise performance and

growth. It consists of factors that act as an incentive in starting and running business such as. But do not limited to financial service, government regulation, labor relations, conflict resolution and infrastructural service. The structural factors that play an important role in the outcomes of 13 investment climate include geography and level of development.

The majority of investment climate variables are prone to change and can in fact be improved through appropriate policy reform once their weakness are pinpointed (WB, 2006). 2.2.1 Factors encourage investment in Ethiopia Market size: Ethiopia is one of the most popular countries in horn of Africa. Next to this Ethiopia is a number of common market for eastern and southern Africa countries (COMESA), which is original trading group in cooperating 20 countries a huge domestic original market, other things remains the same, is attractive for local investment. It needs easy entry opportunity and the opportunity to understand market condition and it also attractive for foreign investment. Natural resource availability: Ethiopia is the blessed and wealthy country in natural resource, especially mineral resource. It resource is not yet an exploited one. As united conference for investment and innovation suggested, the mining sector currently contributed to less than 5% of industrial output. The excessiveness of resource attracts investors to invest in the area. Political stability: It is globally obvious that political instability disturb the socioeconomic of the country. Accordingly, Ethiopia been has indicated under instable country prior 1987. But not now the inverse is visible. Recently the economic condition and political stability of the country is attracting not only domestic, foreign investors to invest on different sector. This indicate that political stability can encourage and dis-courage investment in one area (WB, 2006).

2.3 Investment in Arbaminch town

Investment in SNNP is highly on its developing process. On the same line, Arbaminch is one town in SNNPR and promoting investment project. Accordingly, the above idea, investment project is widely spreading Arbaminch town recently, target investment include, constriction of recreational and tourist game areas, a variety of restaurant and hotel, asphalt road and etc (GGIB,2005). 14 Factors encourage investment in Arbaminch town

It is known that, in a very area there are factors that promote the development of investment. It is important to understand how same factors can affect human capitals. This is one route by which investment can have consequence for long term economic development an attractive investment in developing economics needs to conceder to factor that can promote investment. The same to this there are same condition in Arbaminch town that encourage investment. Same factors are:Strategic location, political and social stability, abundant and cheap labor force, simple investment procedure, wide market opportunity, great potential for tourism development, infrastructural, such as rode (including international airport, financial institution, poor water supply, healthy center, electricity, postal service and etc) (GGIB,2005).

CHAPTER THREE
3. Methodology 3.1. Background of the study area 3.1.1. LOCATION XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3.1.2. Demography of the study area Based on 2007 census conducted by the CSA this town has total population of 74,879 of whom 39,208 are man and 36,671 women. the Majority of inhabitants practiced Ethiopian orthodox Christianity with 56.04% of the population reporting that believe 38.47% were protestant and 4.16% were Muslim in addition in the 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 4020 of whom 20096 were males and 19924 were females (Mathew, 2009). Topography of the study area Arbaminch town is located 505 KM south of Addis Ababa in Gamo Gofa zone in the south nation nationalities and peoples region, (SNNPR). It is situated in Great Rift Valley at an elevation of about 1285 meters above sea levels. The total area of the town is estimated about 1095 hectares and it lies at altitude of 1,300 meters above sea levels (SNNPRIEMP, 2011). 15 Climate of the study area Arbaminch town is warm year around with moderate climate during winter, it lies at altitude of 1300maters above sea levels, hens its average temperature is 29% C and this makes the city been warm year around. Its average annual rain fall is 900 MM (Mathew, 2009). Fauna and flora of the study area The divers climate topography water and forest resources of the country have provided a wide range of environments for supporting grate varieties of fauna and flora. So far, 277 species of mammals and 847 species of birds have already been distinguished, of species of mammals and 16 birds are peculiar to Ethiopia (Ashenafi 2010).

3.2. Research design The research design that used to conduct this study will be disruptive, historic and explanatory process. The rationality behind this is such design help the researcher to analysis and interprets data collected, especially from primary data source. In addition, the nature and objective of the problem that to be studied and also the means of obtaining information are most important factor that should be consider during selecting research design, (Allan, 2007). 3.3. Source of data The data that will be used for this study where gained from varies sources. The sources are both primary and secondary. The primary data will be collected from subject people through survey method. The survey method will be contains both questioner and interview schedules. The secondary data will be collected from published and un-published of varies books like international business, magazines effect of tourism on development tourism policy practice and philosophy. The primary data will be target collected from culture and tourism bureau Gamo Gofa zone, investment bureau and private tourism related activity investor in Arbaminch town using questioner and interview 3.4 Sampling Design and Techniques In this study, the researcher intended to use non-scientific system of sampling. Among non scientific method perceive or judgmental technique will be employed in order to select an individuals for the seek of response for data required. The rationales were purpose (judgmental) sampling have a greater economic value in reducing cost, it requires less time, it is judgmental as to the researcher so it is convenient and it also requires less skill (Greener,2008). 3.5. Data Gathering Techniques To conduct this research, the researcher will use both questioner and interview data collection methods. The questioner will be prepared based on the questions regarding the varies aspects of the topic of the study. The rationale behind application of question were direct observation will be possible because of distance and time limitation. The questions in the questioner will contain both open and close-ended questions. The purpose of open-ended questions will be collected direct response from the sample about the problem standing from his personal feeling about the problem and it also allows the respondent to respond the questions in detailed manner. Whereas

closed indeed questions needed to collect to the point response regarding the problem under consideration . 3.6 Population of the Study The target groups that included under this study will be Gamo Goffa zone culture and tourism office employs and managers, investment bureau employers and private investors who were engaged on tourism investment in ArbaMinch town this will include hotel owners such as Arbaminch Tourist hotel, Paradise lodge, Swyness or Green land hotel and Bekele Mola and the likes. 3.7 Method of Data Interpretation Depending on the nature of basic research, questions and data gathered from relevant sources, statistical techniques of frequency distribution and percentage would be employed in order to analyze quantitative and qualitative data. The rationale behind using such method is it can condense and summarize large amount of data in a useful format and it describes or variables types and it facilitate graphic representation of data and permit cautions comparison of data sets. (Alan, 2007).

3.8 Work plan(Time Budget)

Activities Time interval month April May June

1 2 3

Proposal approval Draft of literate review Questioners and interview preparation

4 5

Data collection Organizing and processing data analysis

6 7 8

Arranging collected data Interpreting collected data Reporting final data daft completion of research

Submission of the final copy

10 Presentation of the paper

3.9 Budget allocation

Budget Unit and Amount Unit Total

1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 3 4 5 Total

description Stationary cost Paper Not book Pane Ruler Binder cost

measurement Birr Pocket Number Number Number Number 2 2 10 1 1 Not limited Not limited and 50x2 = 100 150 30 4 1 10 Cent 00 00 00 00 00 Birr 300 60 40 5 30 600 200 500 500 00 00 00 00 Cent 00 00 00

Food tea and Times coffee Transport cost Times Printing of final Page research report times Other cost

Not 00 known Not 00 known 5 00 500 00 00

116

686

2235 00

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development;dynamics,philosophy and strategies. (1st ed.). new delhi,india: probat kumar sharma. Allan bryman and Emma bell(2007),Business research methods;second edition.New york america,mcgrawhill publisher. Anthea rogers and Juddy slin(1993),Tourism management of facilities;pitman publishing enterprise Sweeden stockholm. Ashenafi zelelegn (2010),Physical background of south nation nationalities and peoples regional state.Hawassa. 19 Chris, C. (2005),Tourism principles and practices;chicago america,mcgrawhill publisher. Donald edison,Lundberg,Krishna morthy,Minkh(1995),Torism Economics;third edition. Dove fleener(2004),Tourism and recreation;newcastle England. Gamo Goffa Zone Culture and Tourism Office Tourist information department(2005)ArbaMinch Ethiopia. Gamo Goffa Zone Investment berou(2005)Arbaminch,Ethiopia. Joseph christopher Claire humphreys(August 28,2012),The business tourism. khunou,Raynish,Pawson,tseane and navic. (2009). Tourism development. (4th ed., pp. 43-45). london: churchil publishing enterprise. kusi hornberg and hermain. (2011). promoting tourism sector investment. (pp. 76-78). chicago: DOI: www.blogs.world bank.org Micheal humber(2004),international business magazine;Munich german,seventh edition. Mathew Dita(2009),Better Road Intiative to Nechsar national park;Ontario Canada,october 2009

South nation nationalities and peoples regional state investment expansion main work process(2011),Investment assessing report;Hawassa. Tsaheye molla. (february, 26 2005). Tourism potential in gamogoffa zone. Retrieved from 13suns.com/ethiopia/south/dorze.html World Bank(2006),Report on ethiopian towards strategy for pro-poor tourism

development;report number-38420-ET,june 30,2006 Newyork America.

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