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00 Editorial

01 Letters to the Editor


02 Campus Update ................................................................./ Surjya Chutia
05 The Academic World Around
08 Panorama
Personality
15 Òt¡àÅ๠A¡’ºãÚà Aåò¡¯ºã ó¡à[º ........................ / l¡0 A¡³ìºÅ A¡[ºt¡à
Examination & Education
18 [ºJà šØn¡àt¡ tå¡[³* Ò’¤ šà¹à "ài¡àÒüt¡îA¡ ëÅøË¡ -15.............. / ÎåÅà”z A¡¹
23 Lesson Planning and Designing in Geography................./ Ghanashyam Deka
Career
26 ëA¡[¹Ú๠ë\¸à[t¡ .................................... / >ã[º³ ë\¸à[t¡ ëÎ>àš[t¡
32 Career Tabloid
Science & Tech.
33 Let’s Play Eco Holi ............................................/ Dr. Ava Rani Phukan
36 Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à : &\> "Îà‹à¹o "γãÚà [¤`¡à>ã .........../ l¡0 ¹à\㯠KîK
Language & Literature
40 Ît¡ã=¢¹ ƒàìšà>t¡ [¤Ìå¡ šøÎàƒ ¹à®¡à ............................. / šøóå¡À KîK
43 [¤Ìå¡ šøÎàƒ ¹à®¡à : \ã¯> "à¹ç¡ šø[t¡®¡à¹ W¡³å "஡àÎ ........./ ¤[”z³àºà 냯ã
49 ³à[oA¡ ¤ì–ƒàšà‹¸àÚ * tò¡à¹ ëáài¡ K¿ .......................... / "[\t¡ A¡¹
54 &ì>îA¡ìÚ ëÒ¹àÒü ™àÚ (Wå¡[i¡ K¿) ............................... / ƒãšà[º ų¢à
57 ¹ç¡[Foã, ƒåºà¯t¡ã "à¹ç¡ Aå¡A¡¹\>ã ................................ / šÀ¤ã KîK
59 A¡[¤t¡à : ³àº[¤A¡à ƒàÎ Òà\[¹A¡à, i¡³àW¡ ëÎàìoà¯àº "à¹ç¡ l¡à@ [¤A¡àÅ A塳๠ƒàÎ
Social Science
61 North East Girls are Very Beautiful ....................................../ Mohem Naorem
63 Sub Prime Crisis and Crisis of Capitalism ........................../ Arup Baishya
67 India’s Economic Relations with Arab World in the ............./ Ajit Ch. Phukan
70 Political Empowerment of Women ................/ Roshmi Dutta & Monika Das
75 Educational Investment in Developing Countries ....................../ Anita Baruwa
77 Swami Vivekananda and his Religion ........................../ Sutapa Chakraborty
Students' Column
80 ³ÒàA¡àÅW¡à¹ã¹ A¡–k¡Ñ¬¹ Ç¡[>¤îº......./ `¡àì>–ƒø l¡üšà‹¸àÚ "à¹ç¡ l¡ü³àA¡à”z ³¹ào

Editorial Board
Patron : Dr. Bhuban Gogoi
Editor in Chief : Rana K. Changmai
Executive Editor : Sushanta Kar
Editors : Monika Devi, Rashmi Dutta, Mayuri Sharma Baruah, Manashi Rajkhowa,
Monika Das, Nilimjyoti Senapati, Surjya Chutia,Dr. Kamalesh Kalita
Students’ Repsentative : Pankaj Gohain (Magazine Secretary, TCSU)
Published by : Assam College Teachers’ Associatiom (ACTA) Tinsukia College
Unit, Tinsukia College, Tinsukia 786125
Contact : (Cell) 9954226966, email : Pragyan_tsc50@yahoo.co.in
Web : 1) http://sites.google.com/site/pragyan06now
2) www.perfspot.com/actapragyan05
Printed at : The Assam Computers (Govt.App ‘A’ category Press)
Parbotia, Tinsukia - 781625, Dial (0374) 2330424
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1/ /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


Surjya Chutia

1 The Women’s Cell Organised Counselling Programme

T oday, it has become a major course of


concern in our society that the number
of youths suffering from stress related
problems has been increasing day by day.
Counselling programmes and Awareness
camps on such problems amongst youth
are very important and relevant in these
days. Keeping this view in mind, the Cell
for Women Studies & Development
(CWSD) of Tinsukia College organised a
counselling programme amongst the
boarders of Tinsukia College Girls’ Hostel
on 3rd Feb. 2009. Smt. Nandita Sharma,
teacher of DPS, Duliajan, was the chief
counsellor in the programme. Various
problems faced by the girl students were
discussed freely and frankly and some
valuable suggestions were also given by members of the Cell, most of the teachers
Smt. Sharma. About 40 girls took part actively including Principal, Vice Principal were also
in the counselling programme. Apart from the present in the programme.„

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/2
2 NCC First Again

T insukia College NCC (‘D’ Coy) unit is one


of the best units under the 10 Assam BN ,
NCC, Dibrugarh. Apart from participation in
& Republic Day Parades, organized by the district
authority. It is also remarkable that the unit takes
home the first prize regularly in this Category. In
various social works in the district, the unit this year too, it was no exception. The cadets of
regularly participates in the Independence Day the unit performed well and bagged the first prize.„

3 A Day on Green Career


students present there were much benefitted
T he Career Counselling Cell of Tinsukia
College organized a career counselling
programme on ‘Green Career’ amongst the
from the discussions on the issues related to
Green Career and Environed.„
students on 06th Feb. 2009, at the college
premise. Sri Jayanta Sharma, Co-
ordinator, Natural management, and a
lecturer of Nowgong Girls’ College
participated in the programme as the
chief resource person. Most of the
students and teachers of the college
were present in the programme. The

4 Geographical Forum Observed Foundation Day

T he 6th Foundation Day of Tinsukia College


Geographical Forum (TCGF) was
celebrated in the department of Geography on
vice Principal and co-chaired by Sri H.S.
Tomar, HoD, Hindi, Tinsukia College. The Talk
on the topic ‘Indian Monsoon—Mechanism
11th February, 2009, with a day long programme. and Effects’ was delivered by Sri Sourav
The programme started with Barman, lecturer,
hoisting of Forum’s Flag in the Geography department. Sri
morning by Sri H.L. Verma, the Barman presented the Talk
HoD and President of the Forum. very systematically with
It was followed by Floral Tribute the help of over-head
(Smriti Tarpon) to late Sukhmal Projector and discussed the
Bhuyan, ex- HoD and Rtd. subject elaborately. The
Principal i/c of the College and Talk was followed by a
the unforgettable contributions very interesting interaction
extended by late Bhuyan to the session. The day long
department and the Forum in programme ended with
particular and to the College in vote of thanks offered by
general were fondly recalled. Dr. Kamalesh Kalita,
Then a Popular Talk lecturer, Geography
session was held which was Dept.„
chaired by Smt. K. Goswami,

3/ /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


4 College ACTA Unit Participated in Zonal Sports and Cultural Meet

A ssam College Teachers’ Association


(ACTA,) celebrated its Diamond Jubilee
year from 26th February, 20008 to 26th February,
All the winners of various sports events were
awarded their respective prizes at the ACTA,
Tinsukia Zonal Conference on 9th February, 2009,
2009. In this respect various programmes were held at Womens’ College, Tinsukia.
organised at Central, Zonal and Unit levels Academic Seminar : An Academic Seminar on
during the last year. The ACTA, Tinsukia Zone “Public Funded Higher Education System—
was also not an exception. It has been Challenges and Responsibility” was oraganised
organising various academic, sports & cultural by ACTA, Tinsukia Zone in Collaboration with
programes and competitions amongst the Tinsukia Commerce College Unit at Tinsukia
College teachers of Tinsukia district every year
since its inception.
Sports Competitions : This year in connection
with the diamond jubilee celebration a
Badminton competition amongst the College
teachers was also included. The event took
place on 6 th February,09. In the Women’s
double category, Tinsukia College team
comprising of Smt. Pallavi Gogoi and Smt.
Rashmi Dutta was adjudged the best and they
got the respective prize.
The 4 th Dr. Bipin Chetia
memorial inter- College Teachers’
Cricket Match was organised by
Tinsukia Zone in collaboration
with Tinsukia College Teachers’
Unit at Kachujan Field, Tinsukia,
from 4th to 9th February, 2009. The
Match started with hoisting the
ACTA Flag by Sri Golap Kalita,
president of the Zone, in the
morning on 4th Feb, 2009. Then the
inaugural match between Tinsukia
College teachers’ team and Digboi
College teachers’ team was
officially inaugurated by Dr.
Brajen Gohain, president, Tinsukia District Commerce College on 29th January,2009. Two
Sports’ Association, Tinsukia. The final match teachers from Tinsukia College Teachers’ Unit
was played on 9th February, 2009, between namely Sri Niranjan Sukla and Sri Manoj
Tinsukia College and Doomdoma College team Goswami presented papers in the seminar.
and Tinsukia College team won the match. Sri Cultural Events : ACTA, Tinsukia Zonal
Rajeev Mohan, Captain of Tinsukia College Women Cell organised a day long cultural
team became the man of the match and got the programme amongst the College teachers of the
Boldev Sharma Memorial Trophy. Zone at Digboi Mahila Mahavidyalaya on 20th
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/4
Sep.2008. Events like Chorus, Poem recitation, programme. Many teachers from Tinsukia
Extempore speech etc, were included in the College unit participated the programme.„

(The Updater teaches Economics)

Assam University, Silchar


ST-RADAR installed

T his is the first time in the North-east and


fifth in India that Assam University, Silchar
is going to have ST-RADAR
tropopause into the lower stratosphere. A team
of scientists comprising 20 members recently
visited the campus. The
on the campus. The ST- team identified the place
RADAR will be configured as where it is to be placed ST-
an active aperture distributed RADAR will be a new
phase array using state of the extant to Assam University.
art solid state RT modules and This will be a paradise for
digital signal processing the scientists all over India.
techniques, to cover a higher To complete ST-RADAR
region from 0.5 km to 20 km Rs 50 crore has been
covering the troposphere slightly beyond the received.„[PEB]

National Seminar on Buddhadev Basu


A three-day-long international seminar was
organised by the Department of Bengali,
Assam University, Silchar recently at Bipin
literature and social philosophy.
The seminar was inaugurated by Prof
Damayanti Basu by lighting the lamp. The chief
Chandra Paul seminar hall. The seminar was on guest of the seminar was Prof Shirsendhu
Buddhadev Basu and his contributions to Indian Mukherjee whereas Hayat Mamud of

5/ /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


Jahangirnagar said that the
University, contribution of
Bangladesh and Prof Buddhadev Basu to
Swapna Devi from modern Indian
Assam University literature is indeed
were guests of honour. remarkable. Basu’s
In the keynote literature basically
address, Udhay emphasises how one
Naryana Singh, person can easily travel
director, Central Institute of Indian Language from one era to another to find a path.„[PEB]

Handique Girls’ College, Guwahati


College with Potential for Excellence Scheme assessed
Singh, Botany Department reader C.S. Chouhan
A UGC team has recently visited Handique
College, Guwahati to assess the progress
of the College with Potential for Excellence
from MH College, Ghaziabad, and Tripura
University dean of faculty of arts and commerce
(CPE) scheme. Manjari Choudhuri.
The college had received CPE status in The UGC team was impressed by the
2006 under which, Rs 60 cordial relations between the
lakh was sanctioned to teachers and students and the
upgrade its academic commitment of the faculty
environment, improve members towards the overall
laboratories, enrich the improvement of the institution.
faculty and develop a Principal Indira Bardoloi
library. A four-member team presented a report of the
headed by R.P. Hooda, the activities under the scheme.
vice-chancellor of MD The report also gave a brief
University, Rohtak, toured outline of the history of the
the college on January 29 college, its mission and
and 30 for a survey of the various development objectives, future plans and programmes to
activities under the scheme. The other members upgrade the college and was highly appreciated
of the team included UGC joint secretary K.P. by the UGC team.„[PEB]

St. Anthony’s College, Shillong


Re-accredited with Grade-A : tops the list in the NE

A s St. Anthony’s College enters the


75th year of its existence. This year, the
college has yet another cause for jubilation. It’s
autonomous institution established by the
UGC. The CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point
Average) granted by NAAC to St. Anthony’s
the first ever University College of the Don sums up to 3.60 out of 4. This comes to 90%,
Bosco Society worldwide, re-accredited with making St. Anthony’s the highest graded
the highest Grade of ‘A’, by NAAC (National college of the entire North East and at par with
Assessment and Accreditation Council), an other top colleges of India. The college was

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/6
first accredited in 2002 by NAAC with Five parents of some of the students. On the final day,
Star status, the highest grade then. The at the exit meeting, the team presented their
reaccredidation result was declared after the report to the Anthonians in a packed auditorium.
executive committee meeting of NAAC, on The present rating of NAAC has four grades

30th January, 2009. of: A, B, C and D. Awarding the highest grade


The peer team consisting of three eminent of ‘A’, is based on the CGPA between 3.01 to 4.
academicians visited the college from 29th – 31st Having secured 3.60 points out of 4, St.
of October 2008. During these days, the team Anthony’s is graded among the top Colleges of
interacted with every stake holder of the College. the country as an ‘Institution with High Level of
They also met the alumni members and the Academic Accomplishment’ by NAAC.„

Panorama (Contd. from Page 13)

cosmology, as the first of 40 planned about a month each year. Quantum mechanics
distinguished research chairs. Over a three-year successfully describes nature at its smallest
period, the physicists will be expected to spend scales, while general relativity explains gravity
several weeks at PI each year as they pursue a and the cosmos at its biggest scales. String
common goal: to unravel the fundamental laws theory offers a promise of unifying the two,
that govern the universe. but also has strange consequences — 10
Sen, who has contributed to string theory, dimensions, or multiple universes. Sen is trying
a domain of theoretical physics that seeks to to apply string theory rules to black holes —
unify quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory points in space so dense that even light cannot
of general relativity, said he plans to visit PI for escape their gravity. Sen’s papers related to
string theory have high levels of citations — a
measure of their scientific significance. A paper
titled Rolling Tachyons from 2002 has been
cited over 580 times in other papers. Another
from the same year has 480 citations.
The PI programme is intended to bring
together physicists from related but
complementary areas. The programme believes
when complementary insights are brought to
bear and critical mass is achieved, major
advances are possible.„ (PEB)

7/ /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


only band in the world that plays
Howey & Bamhum. Known for their
energetic and lively acts, they have
performed in many places in India and
Thailand. The Akshara Theatre of Delhi
has recently invited the band to perform
in its March, 09 festival titled,
‘‘Romancing India’s Northeast”. The
Band is all set to perform now in front
of distinguished audience of the
country and abroad there on March 14,
2009.
Arenla (Vocals / Lead Bamhum),
Moa ( Guitar/Bamhum/Harmonica),
Toji ( Lead guitarist), Sanen (Bass) & Imli
(Drums/Percussions) these five make the
band complete. Arenla is the only female
member of the band, while Moa is the
main composer of the band. The band can
be listened and contacted on:
http://cdbaby.com/cd/abiogenesis4,
http://payplay.fm/abiogenesis4,
www.abiogenesis.altpro.net,
www.cdbaby.com/abiogenesis4,
Abiogenesis : Unique Naga Band www.youtube.com/abiogenesis88,
Email: abiogenesis@rediffmail.com,
set to entertain the Nation
abiogenesis@in.com;
Cell: 0091 9436003009 (Moa) ;
R ustic Relish—the latest music album of
Abiogenesis, a rock/fusion band from Nagaland Postal Adress: ABIOGENESIS,
was listed in this year’s 51st Grammy Awards in five Mamias Bliss,6 Angami Khel,
entries in four categories. Aeon Spell, the previous Nuton Bosti, Dimapur-797113, Nagaland.„[PEB]
album released through Saregama in
June 2007 was also listed in the 50th
Grammy Awards in two categories.
The Band was not satisfied with
just playing mainstream music. Their
hunger to do something unique and
exceptional made the band go further
into exploration and experimentation
which resulted in a new form of world
music which they have named ‘Howey’.
They also play a new wind musical
instrument made of bamboo invented by
a band member Moa. Abiogenesis is the
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/8
Sumanta Baruah’s Cartoons on Website

D r Dinesh Goswami, the renowned


Assamese Science writer has written
about him, ‘‘Found science always dull and
Satsori, Science Reporter [NISCAIR (CSIR) ,
New Delhi], Resonance (Indian Academy of
Sciences, IISc, Bangalore) and so on. His
dreary? Think again! Sumanta Baruah will cartoons were exhibited in international arenas
tickle your science sense and rattle your funny as well like 3rd Rhodes International Cartoon
bones. A few fine, deft strokes of his pen on Exhibition, Greece (2006),
paper, and the humour leave International Cartoon Festival,
a lasting Iran (2006).
impression on your Till date he has
mind.”D o n ’ t authored a book
believe? Have a look ‘Science Shapes
on: http:// Life’, published by
www.cartoon Assam chapter of
cosmos.com Indian Science Writers’
Sumanta Association, which is a
Baruah, now based in compilation of his
Bangalore, got his first selected cartoons
cartoon published at the scattered in many
age of 11. From then on, his magazines. Sumanta draws
cartoons got published in cartoons on various topics
various renowned magazines of science, environment,
and journals of the state and beyond like Vigyan politics and society. Of late, he is expressing his
Jeuti (Assam Science Society, Guwahati), concerns on burning issues like global warming
Drishti (Edited and published by Dr. and climate change through his cartoons. „
D.C.Goswami on behalf of Govt. of Assam), © Buljit Buragohain, buluassam@yahoo.co.in

‘Bajrang’ Victim’s Laudable Gesture

T he Nation observes 30th January as martyrs day as it


is the day of death anniversary of the Father of
the nation. The veteran freedom fighter of the state,
Shri Paniram Das (1917) till keeps running his
Gandhian Charkha (Jotor in Assamese) on this
particular day. A resident of Kalaigaon, Udalguri
district of Assam, Sri Das this way keeps
remembering his younger days when he had
participated in the Quit India movement
under the leadership of Gandhiji.
Shri Paniram Das became more known
to the people of Assam since the period of
Rtd. Lt. Gen S.K. Sinha as Governor of
Assam. It was so, because he helped Army

9/ /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


authorities to build up a martyr column only to (SDC) Shri D.N. Hazarika, Brig R.K. Rajput,
keep the memories of great Patharuaghat Ronn Brigade Commander, Artillery Brigade HQ
(war) alive in people’s mind. Every 30th January Hattigarh, Colonel Ajit Kr Borah, Commanding
morning he gets escorted to that holy place to Officer, 65 Field Regt and Dr Naba Kumar Das,
pay homage to those farmers brutally killed by Govt Vet. Surgeon, Kalaigaon graced the
the British. occasion with their presence.
This year Paniram Das did something A large number of local people were also
more unique on 30 th January. Instead of gathered in the function. Since this is the first
thinking about the future of his six children and of its kind after long Army operations in the
ten grand children, he donated 2 bigha (6 acres) region, people can now see light of the day.
of land worth Rs.10 lakh to Indian Army for Local school children presented a colourful
setting up a Vocational Training Centre (VTC) cultural programme.
at Kalaigaon of present Udalguri district of The Army authority has formed a local
Assam in this 30 th January 2009. This will managing committee under the SDC as
facilitate the local youths and women to be Chairman to take care of the VTC.
trained on Candle making, DTP, Weilding, It’s worth mentioning that assuming him as
Capentery, and Plumbing etc. ULFA link man the same Army had once severely
Maj. Gen. Chandra Prakash, VSM, and tortured Shri Paniram and his family during the
GOC Red Horn Division Rangiya inaugurated Operation Bajrang. Army never apologised for the
the project and thanked Shri Paniram Das for biggest blunder they had made. It was only the
his noble gesture. This project will cost Army then Governor of the state Rtd.Lt. Gen S.K. Sinha
Rs.6 lakh. The local Sub Deputy Collector who sought official apology.„
(This report was forwarded to Pragyan by Dr.Bikash Kumar Das. He is the fourth son of Sri Paniram Das and Founder of Rhino
Jungle Adventures Bangalore (India). He can be contacted at 0091-9480618880 info@rjadventures.org,www.rjadventures.org)

Come This April 2009 : Watch High-tech Bihu in the Internet

A ssam is envisioning a concept for presenting


and showcasing Bihu, the national festival
of Assam in a global platform using the Internet
residing outside Guwahati will be scheduled for
a maximum of thirty minutes presentation per
unit/location. The distant events will be web cast
and high tech multimedia gadgets for the coming live in streaming video and audio into a
season, i.e., in April 2009. The event will be a predefined URL/website for the Internet; it will
techno-cultural evening on a certain day during be picked up centrally in Guwahati for co-
the 3rd week of April ’09 when the SM Computer ordination, scheduling, centre stage exposure and
Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Guwahati, will make inputs to satellite TV channels. The central unit
attempts to present Bihu at Guwahati will
performances (songs, be staging live
dances, deliberations or inputs received
other related from across the
presentations) from world in giant
various Assamese screens along
communities across the with local
globe in a singular virtual presentation
location. Communities comprising

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 10
leading cultural personalities of the state to create major events of the state during those years.
an envelope of events back into the Internet Quoted by almost all media and newspaper
which everybody can view. Thus, one will be houses in Assam and India with acclamation,
able to participate in a Bihu festivity live from the company was elated to have undertaken this
across the world in a single platform and in the ‘Live Bihu’ events on the net. Among the other
process possibly make it the largest celebration major live web cast events organized by the
of a festival on an Internet backbone – a true company include Cotton College Centenary
techno-cultural scenario unlike a multicasting Celebrations and Guwahati Trade Fair. If the
TV presentation where many professionals are latest initiative gets able to be a complete
involved. success then it will write a new chapter in the
The company’s first major work was the history of NE India as the first public events
live presentation of Rongali Bihu of Pub- of NE India being beamed live across the globe
Guwahati Bihu Sanmilan, Chandmari, carrying the cultural sentiment of Bihu all
Guwahati during April 2001 and April 2002 for over.
a total of 260 hours, which attracted different Interested individuals can contact Sanjib
media exposure in Assam and India, and drew Barthakur, Guwahati through his email ID:
the attention of the world wide Assamese sanjibbarthakur@rediffmail.com.„
community. It was considered as one of the © POSOOWA.

First Assamese Album by Maqsoodul Haque,


an Assamese Bangladeshi

H e is an Assamese Bangladeshi, he enjoys


cult status as one of the pioneers of Bangla
rock, jazz and fusion music, he was jailed a
then East Pakistan along with scores of other
Assamese Muslims post-Partition and, by all
accounts, did very well for themselves. His
few years ago for trying to “jazz-ify” uncle Ansari went on to become a pilot in the
Rabindranath Tagore’s music and now he is Pakistan Air Force.
aiming to be the first Bangladeshi musician to Assam has never been far from Mac’s
release an album of Assamese songs. heart, though visiting “Ai Matri (motherland)”
A member of the little-known, close-knit hasn’t been as easy he would have liked it to
community of “Bangladeshi Auhomias” be. “In the good old days, I never ever felt that
48year-old musician Maqsoodul Haque is Assam was some faraway land because we used
lusting for connecting with his roots through to make it to ghorole (home) by train and my
music. Mac, as he is popularly uncles or some other relatives would be around.
known, still has a large, That was until around 1965, when everything
extended family back changed…” as he has told to a Kolkata reporter.
in Assam. Mac’s Mac believes an Assamese album would be the
antecedents are best way to re-establish his links with Assam.
in Jorhat Known for his radical views, which he
district of expresses through columns in various
Upper Assam. publications and websites, he added, “I want
His parents to be the Bob Marley of the Northeast! Is that
migrated to an insane thought or is it too difficult to

11 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


dream? I want to stop the war at home, I want cover versions of Western pop, rock and
the world to hear our side of the story, and I reggae at the erstwhile Hotel Intercontinental
want to let them know that we bleed as much (now Dhaka Sheraton) in the Bangladesh
as Iraq.” capital. Feedback recorded its first Bangla
He is planning to take inspiration from or album, Ullash (Euphoria), in 1987 and a series
recreate some of the greatest creations of of hits followed. Between 1990 and 1992, the
Jyotiprasad, fellow poets of Chaitanyadev, band recorded Joar, a compilation of their best
Srimanta Shankardev, Zikirs of Ajaan Fakir and songs at the HMV/EMI studios of the
maybe even some tea garden songs and Gramophone Company of India Ltd in
Buddhist hymns. Calcutta.Late Salil Choudhury released the
His musical career began in 1976 with album in January 1992.![PEB]
Feedback, then a little-known band that played

Uddhab Bharali innovates Ploughing Machine

U ddhab Bharali, 45, an Assamese innovator,


who has already earned worldwide fame
for his mechanical devices, has developed a
Bharali’s pomegranate de-seeder was well
received by countries like the USA, Turkey and
Egypt. At present, each of Turkey and Egypt
ploughing machine for the poor farmers. The has placed orders for 100 pieces of the machine,
ploughing machine, the 80th of his innovations and, on that matter, the two countries are
in 13 years, weighing 48 kg and priced at Rs negotiating with the NIFI.
35,000, can be run on kerosene. It needs some The Delhi Doordarshan Kendra recently
amount of petrol or a 24-volt battery for starting produced a one-and-half hour documentary on
its engine and can be operated even by the Bharali and planning for another one . CNBC
young people. The price of the machine 17 of the USA had also sent a team to make a
included also the cost of its battery and engine. documentary on this innovator last year,
The machine can simultaneously plough, following a news item on him in The Chicago
pulverize and de-weed the tilling field. It can Tribune. The pomegranate de-seeder and the
also be used for pumping water. passion fruit gel extractor developed by Bharali
Sri Bharali, an AMIE engineer, has also impressed The Chicago Tribune journalist
developed a weed-cutter and a five-foot-deep- Haidy Louriel at a national level innovation
capacity trench-digging machine. Both the exhibition in Imphal in December 2006. The
weed-cutting and trench-digging machines, his Discovery Channel, in its ˜World Beyond
79th and 81st innovations, have proved to be Today’ had brought Bharali to limelight in 2005
the most useful devices for tea gardens. The through a documentary. The Manchester-based
trench-digging machine is useful for the The MIT Journal listed Bharali’s pomegranate
Telecom department as well and it can dig a de-seeder as a prestigious machine. The journal
five-foot-deep trench in a two-metre-long area, described the machine developed by the Assam
using 1 HP, within five minutes. innovator as a much advanced one compared
The National Innovation Foundation of India to a similar device developed by the Americans
(NIFI) had granted recognition to Bharali’s works in California.!
about five years back and he was rewarded with © Buljit Buragohain, buluassam@yahoo.co.in & The
the Master Innovator Award in November 2006. Assam Tribune. 25.12.2008)

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 12
Birds Paternal Care – Behaviour Originated in Dinosaurs Era
: A Study Report

P aternal care of the young observed in 90 per


cent of the world’s known species of birds
is a behaviour that originated in the era of the
a British palaeontologist at the Texas A&M
University in the US. Moore worked with David
Varricchio from the University of Montana to
dinosaurs, scientists reported on 19th December analyse the eggs, nests and fossilised bones of
last. A team of palaeontologists in the US said dinosaurs discovered in Montana and Mongolia
its examination of fossilised dinosaur eggs and several years ago.
nests suggests that males from at least three Scientists have long known that birds are
species of dinosaurs provided parental care to the evolutionary descendants of the dinosaurs.
the young. The fossilised remains of adults found The new findings suggest that male care of
with the eggs lack maternal and reproductive infants widespread among birds of today had
features associated with these dinosaurs, the emerged long before the origin of flight. It is
scientists said in a research possible females of these
report that appeared in the species required more energy.
journal Science. If the females had taken care of
The researchers have the young, they would not have
found evidence of paternal had as much time for gathering
care in the Troodon, the food and thus energy for
Oviraptor and the Citipati — themselves.
three dinosaurs that lived According to the study,
between 75 million and 65 high levels of energy for the
million years ago and are female dinosaurs would have
related to the ancestors of translated into evolutionary
birds. The presence of males gains. The greater the food
with a large number of eggs intake, the higher the levels of
suggests that the males of these energy they could invest in their
species protected and incubated the eggs, eggs. This could mean healthier young ones. In
possibly laid by several females. the absence of any previous data on parental-care
Until now the scientists had no idea strategies, some evolutionary biologists had
whatsoever about parental-care strategies among earlier suggested that paternal care in birds might
any dinosaur, said team member Jason R. Moore, have coincided with the transition to flight. (PEB)

Physicist Ashoke Sen Invited to Work with Stephen Hawking

P hysicist Ashoke Sen, one of India’s highest-


cited scientists who has made key
contributions to unify two bedrock theories of
among nine physicists just appointed as
distinguished research chairs at the Perimeter
Institute [PI] of Theoretical Physics in Ontario,
modern physics, will join British physicist Canada. In November, PI had named
Stephen Hawking for extended research visits Hawking, a renowned theoretical physicist at
at a Canadian institution. the University of Cambridge who has made
Sen, a senior scientist at the Harish major contributions to the science of
Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad, is Contd. to page 7

13 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 14
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15 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


A¡à¹ot¡ [>\ìA¡ "A¡à[³ºà ¤à "šƒà=¢ ¤å[º ®¡¤àìi¡à¡ú ëÎìÚ [A¡áå³à> Aõ¡[y³ ƒ¹¯ ëšà¯à ™àÚ¡ú &Òü ƒ¹¯ γèÒ š¹àšÛ¡t¡
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"Nøoã ®è¡[³A¡à NøÒo A¡¹à γà\[šø Ú ëÒà¯à¡ú ™å P ¡t¡¡ú Òü Ú à¹ l¡ü š [¹*
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ó¡ºt¡ ë¹àKã\>¹ ! Ź㹠"à¹ç¡ ³>A¡ [¤[®¡Ä Kk¡>³èºA¡ A¡à³t¡ ¤¸Ñz sleep) ëW¡Ê¡à A¡¹àìi¡à
Ѭ஡à[¯A¡ "¯Ñ‚à &i¡à¹ ¹Jà¡ú Åà¹ã[¹A¡ "à¹ç ¡ ³à>[ÎA¡
l¡üš[ot¡ ëÒà¯àt¡ ™ì=Ê ! \ã¯>¹ šø[t¡ ¤¸¯Òà[¹A¡ ÎA¡à¹àuA¡ ƒõ[Ê ®¡}Kã ѬàÑ‚¸ ¹Û¡à¹ šø‹à> l¡üšàÚ¡ú
ÎÒàÚA¡ ÒÚ¡ú NøÒo A¡¹à "à[ƒìÚÒü šø‹à>¡ú ë=à¹ìt¡ ÒüÚàìA¡ A¡¤
&Òü ëÛ¡yt¡ šà[¹ ë™ [>\¹ A¡à¹ìo
š[¹Úຠ"à¹ç¡ γà\¹ ‡à[Úâ« "à¹ç¡ ®è¡[³A¡à* ëA¡àì>à P¡ìo ëA¡¤º ³ày \ãÚàÒü =à[A¡¤ [>[¤áà[¹ ƒÒ "à¹ç¡ γà\¹
A¡³ >ÒÚ¡ú ³}Kº "à¹ç¡ l¡üÄÚ>¹ A¡à¹ìo ¤¸[v¡û¡ [¤ìÅìÈ [>\ìA¡
&Òü[J[>ìt¡ l¡üìÀJ A¡¹à ®¡àº Ò¤ ë™ "à[\A¡à[º "àu[>ìÚàK A¡[¹¤ šà[¹ìºìÒ ‘Òt¡àÅà’¹ [>[á>à
¤\à¹t¡ Òt¡àÅà ë¹à‹ A¡à¹A¡ (Antidepression dose) ³Òà³à[¹[¤‹¹ š¹à ³à>¤ γà\ ¤à[á =à[A¡¤ šà[¹¤¡ú!
([ºJA¡ ®è¡ìKຠ[¤`¡à>¹ [ÅÛ¡A¡)
North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health &
Medical Sciences, Shillong
Announces Post Graduate Entrance Examination 2009
Applications are invited from students belonging to the North Eastern States including Sikkim for admission to Post
Graduate (PG) course of NEIGRIHMS (Affiliated to North Eastern Hills University) commencing on 11th May 2009
in the following subjects:
Anaesthesiology , Microbiology, Pathology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radio Diagnosis
Date of Entrance Test : 3rd May 2009
Last date of receipt of filled Application Forms : 9th April 2009
Sale of Prospectus at NEIGRIHMS counter from 12th March 2009 to 9th April’09.
For further details visit http://neigrihms.nic.in

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 16
ÎåÅà”z A¡¹

‘‘The man who doesn’t read good books has no advantage


over the man who can not read them.’’ — Mark Twain.

®¡à ˘ Â√±S Œ˝±ª±1 ’Ô« ¤˝◊√ ÀȬ± √ Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ˚ ’±ø˜


øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û¬1 Œ¬Û±fl¡ ¬ ˝√√í¬ı˝◊√ ˘±ø·¬ı –
ø˚¸fl¡À˘ øÀ√Ú-1±øÓ¬À˚˛ Œfl¡ª˘ ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û
Ó¬Ô…-õ∂˚≈øMê1 ’±1n∏ Œ˚±·±À˚±· ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 ά◊ißøÓ¬1 ˚≈·Ó¬
Ó¬±˝√√±øÚ1 ˚≈·1 ¬Œ¸˝◊√ ˆ¬±˘ fl¡Ô±ÀȬ± õ∂Ó¬…˝3√±Ú1 ¸ij”‡œÚ ˝√√í¬ı
˘·± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√¬º ’±øÊ, Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±À1 øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 ¬ı…ª¸±˚˛fl¡
Δ˘ ¬ıø˝√√ Ô±Àfl¡ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ˆ¬±˘ Â√±S ˝√√˚˛ ŒÚ Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ¸˝◊√ õ∂Ó¬…±˝3√ ±Ú1 ˜≈‡Õ˘ ŒÍ¬ø˘ ¬Ûøͬ√√˚˛±˝◊√ ÀÂ√ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±› fl¡±À1±
ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ Œ˜±1 ¸Àμ˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√ º ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı± ¤˝◊√ fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ˜≈‡Ó¬ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ fl¡Ô± qÚ± ˚±˚˛º øfl¡c fl¡Ô±À¬ı±11
ø¬ı¯∏˚˛Ó¬ ¤È¬± Œé¬S ’Ú≈¸g±Ú fl¡1±1 ˝◊√26√± Œ˜±1 ¬ ’±ÀÂ√º ø¬ı¬Û7¡¡¡Úfl¡ ø√˙ ¤È¬±› ’±ÀÂ√ º ø¬ıÀ˙¯Õfl¡ Œ¸˝◊√ ¸¬fl¡˘ Â√±S1
øÚÊ√1 ’øˆ¬:Ó¬±¬1 ¬Û1± Œ√ø‡ÀÂ√±√, ¤›“À˘±Àfl¡ ¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı¬, ø˚¸fl¡À˘ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ¸—‡…fl¡ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û √ øfl¡øÚ¬ıÕ˘ ’±1n∏
’±˜øÚ ˘í·± ø¬ıÒ1 ¤ø¬ıÒ ¬ı…øMê√Qfl¡ ·Ï¬ˇ ø√À˚˛º ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ¬ÛøϬˇ¬ıÕ˘ Ú±¬Û±˚˛ º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ˝◊√˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¤fl¡
’˝√√—fl¡±1œ ˝√√˚˛ , øfl¡c fl¡±˜1 ˜±Ú≈˝√ Ú˝√√˚˛ º ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ Ò1Ì1 ˝√√œÚ˜Ú…Ó¬±1 ¬ˆ¬±ª ·øϬˇ ά◊Àͬ ’±1n∏ ¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ fl¡À1 º
¬ı˱p¡Ì…¬ı±1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙1 ¬ı±È¬Ó¬ ¤˝◊√ Ò1Ì1 :±Ú-·ø1˜±1 ’ªÀ˙… ˜˝◊√ ¤ÀÚ√À1› fl¡í¬ıÕ˘ øÚø¬ı‰¬±À1¬± Œ˚ ’±øÊ1 Ó¬Ô…-
¤È¬±¡ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ˆ”¬ø˜fl¡± ’±ÀÂ√ º ¤˝◊√ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ √ ˝◊√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… õ∂˚≈øMê√1 ˚≈·Ó¬ ’±ø˜ Œfl¡ª˘ fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±11 ›¬Û1Ó¬À˝√√ øÚˆ«¬1
ø˘‡± Δ˝√√À º ¬˜”^Ì˚La¬1 ’±ø¬ı©®±1 Œ˝±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√À1 ¬Û1± fl¡1± ά◊ø‰¬Ó¬ º ¬ıU Œé¬SÓ¬ fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±1 øfl¡Ó¬±¬ÛÓ¬Õfl¡ øÚ(˚˛
Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ˜±Ú≈˝√ √1 ˝√√±ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±ÀÓ¬ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û √¬Û±¬ı ¬Û1±1 ˆ¬±˘, øfl¡˚˛ÀÚ± ˝◊√ ’±˜±1 ˝◊√øf˚˛À¬ı±11 ¸øSê˚˛Ó¬± ¬ıϬˇ±˝◊√ ŒÓ¬±À˘º
’Ó¬…±(˚« ‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ ‚ȬڱÀȬ± ‚øȬ¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡ø1À˘ øfl¡c Œfl¡ª˘ fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±11 ›¬Û1Ó¬ øÚˆ«¬1Ó¬± ’±1n∏ ø¬ı¬Û7¡¡¡Úfl¡
ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± Ó¬±˝√√±øÚ1 ø√Ú1 :±Ú±Ài§¯∏œ øfl¡Â≈√ Œ˘‡Àfl¡ Δfl¡ ˝√√íı º ¤˝◊√ ˚LaÀȬ± √±˜œ º ˚ø√› ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ ¬Û1œé¬±Ó¬
Δ·À Œ˚, ëøfl¡Ó¬±¬ÛÓ¬Õfl¡ ˆ¬±˘ ¬ıg≈ Ú±˝◊√íº õ∂Ô˜ ˚≈·1 ˆ¬±˘Õfl¡ fl‘¡Ó¬fl¡±˚« Œ˝√√±ª± Â√±S-Â√±Sœfl¡ ø¬ıÚ±˜”˘…ÀÓ¬ fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±1
’:±Úœ¸fl¡˘fl¡ :±Ú±Ài§¯∏Ì1 ¬ı±È¬Ó¬ ’±¢∂˝√√œ fl¡ø1 ø ’±ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ Œ√˙1 õ∂±˚˛ ¸fl¡À˘± Â√±S-Â√±SœÀfl¡ fl¡˜√√±˜Ó¬
ŒÓ¬±¬˘±Ó¬ ˝◊√˚˛±1 ¤fl¡ ¸√Ô«fl¡ ˆ”¬ø˜fl¡± øÚ(˚˛ √ ’±øÂ√˘º fl¡ø•Ûά◊√Ȭ±1 ø√˚±˛ 1 ø‰¬ôL± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ óó√ Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û› fl¡í˜, fl¡ø•Ûά◊Ȭ±À1
øfl¡c ’±øÊ1 ¤Õfl¡Â√ ˙øÓ¬fl¡±1 ’±˜±1 ø˘‡±- ¬ÛϬˇ±1 ^nøÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ·ˆ¬œ1Ó¬± ≈À˚˛±È¬±√√ ¬ıϬˇ±¬ı ¬Û±À1
øfl¡c ˆ¬±˘ Â√±S ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ·øϬˇ Ó≈¬ø˘¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1 º ≈√¬ıÂ√1 ’±·Õ˘Àfl¡
¬ı±—˘±1 flv¡±‰¬Ó¬ ¶§±˜œ ø¬ıÀ¬ıfl¡±Úμ¬1 fl¡˜«À˚±·1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛¬ ¤È¬±
ˆ¬±˘ ’Ò…±˚˛ ¬Â√±S¸fl¡˘fl¡ ¬ÛϬˇ≈ª±˝◊√øÂ√À˘± º Ó¬±Ó¬ ø¬ıÀ¬ıfl¡±Úμ˝◊√
ø˘ø‡ø¢, øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û ¬ÛøϬˇ ¬ıfl¡ƒ¬ıfl¡ƒ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± ¤Ê√Ú ’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡Ó¬Õfl¡
¡øÚÊ1 ¡ fl¡±˜Ó¬ √é¬ ¬ı± ˆ¬±˘ ŒÊ±√Ó¬± ø‰¬˘±˝◊√ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬ Ê√Ú± ¤Ê√Ú
¡˜≈ø‰¬ Œ¬ıøÂ√ |X±1¬ Œ˚±·…º
i ˆ¬±˘ Â√±S Œ˝±ª±1 ¬ı± :±Úœ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ’Ô«
¤˝◊√ÀȬ± √ Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ˚ ’±ø˜ ëøfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 Œ¬Û±fl¡í ˝í¬ı˝◊√ ˘±ø·¬ı º
¬¤Ê√Ú Â√±S 눬±˘í ˝√√˚˛ ŒÓøÓ¬˚˛±˝◊√ √Œ√˚øÓ¬˚˛± ŒÓ¬›“ ŒÓ›“1 ˛
¬ÛͬÚ-¬Û±Í¬Ú1 ά◊ÀV˙…ÀȬ±¡ ˆ¬±˘ √À¬1 ¬ı≈øÊ√ ¬Û±˚˛ º ¬ÛϬˇ±1
õ∂±Ôø˜fl¡ ά◊ÀV˙… ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ŒÓ›“ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¤È¬± ¡ˆ¬±˘ Ê√œøªfl¡± ’±·¬ıϬˇ±1 ¬ı±È¬Ó¬ ’Ê√¶⁄ ά◊¬Û±˚˛1 ¤È¬± ’Ú…Ó¬˜ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ά◊¬Û±˚˛
øÚø(Ó¬ fl¡ø1¬ı ø¬ı‰¬±À1 º ˝◊√˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ Ê√œøªfl¡± øÚˆ«¬1 ˜±ÀÔ±Úº ¤fl¡˜±S ˜≈Àͬ¬˝◊√ Ú˝√√˚˛º Ó¬Ô…ø¬ıù´1 ¬Û1± ¡ Ó¬Ô…1 ¸—¢∂˝√
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˘±‡ ˘±‡ Ó¬1n∏Ì-Ó¬1n∏ÌœÀ˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Ê√œøªfl¡± Œ˝√1n∏ª±˝◊√ÀÂ√ º Œ‡±Ê√ fl¡±øϬˇÀÂ√ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ’øˆ¬:Ó¬±1 fl¡Ô±
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Ê√œªÚ-Ê√œøªfl¡± ’±øÊ√ õ∂Ó¬…±˝3√ ±Ú1 ¸ij”‡œÚ º ¤˝◊√ Œé¬SÓ¬ Œ˚øÚ¬ı± ¬Ú√œ-¸±·11 ¬Û±Úœfl¡ Ó≈¬ø˘ ’±øÚ øÙ¬åI◊¬±1 fl¡ø1 øÙˬÊ√Ó¬
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Œ˝√1n∏ª±˝◊√ ¬ıUÊ√±øÓ¬fl¡ Œfl¡±•Û±ÚœÀ¬ı±11 fl¡˜πÀ˚˛ ’±R˝√√Ó¬…± øÚÊ√1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø‰¬˝ê1 ¸—¢∂˝√ ¬ıϬˇ±˝◊√ ˚±¬ı ’±1n∏ ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1˝◊√ øÚÊ√¶§
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ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 √À1 ’±RÀfl¡fœfl¡ 눬±˘ ’±1n∏ é¬ Â√±S- ¬ÛϬˇ±1 √ Œ¬Û±Ú ¬ı±È¬1 ˚±≈√ fl¡Ô± fl¡í˜ º Œfl¡±ÀÚ› Œ˚Ú ˝◊√˚˛±1 ¬Û1±
Â√±Sœ¸fl¡˘ [∑Ø]í õ∂dÓ¬ Ú±øÂ√˘ ŒÓ›“À˘±Àfl¡ ¤˝◊√ ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬1 Œfl¡ª˘ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ˜”1 &øÊ√ √ ¬ıø˝√√ Ôfl¡±1 ø¬ı¬Û7¡¡¡Úfl¡
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ø˙鬱 Œ˘±ª± Ú±˝◊√ º ˜”˘…À¬ı±Òfl¡ ¬Û≈1øÌfl¡˘œ˚˛± ¬Ûø1Ó¬…Mê√ Ò±1̱ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û ¬ÛϬˇ±1 ˚±≈√fl¡±øͬ ’±1n∏ ¬Û±“‰¬¬ı±1 ¬ÛϬˇ±1 ¬ÛXøÓ¬
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Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Œfl¡±ÀÚ±Àª Ú±˜- fl¡œÓ«¬Ú fl1±ÀȬ±Àfl¡ √ ˜”˘…À¬ı±Ò1 ø˙鬱 fl¡À1 º ’±ø˜ ˝◊√˚˛±1 ’±·1 ’Ò…±˚˛Ó¬ õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ Â√±SÀfl¡ ŒÓ¬›“1
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"à¹ç¡ [ºJà-šØn¡à "๴± !!
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Ôfl¡± ά◊ø‰¬Ó¬ º ’Ú…Ô±, ŒÓ¬›“ ŒÓ¬›“¬1 fl¡±˜Ó¬ ¸Ù¬˘ ¬˝√í¬ı Ô¬ıÕ˘ Δfl¡øÂ√À˘± –
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fl¡ø1˜ º ¬ ¬Û=˜ ¬Û±Í¬1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Ó¬±1 ˘·Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡¬ı õ∂±¸øefl¡ ¬ı…øÓ¬Sê˜ Ú˝í¬ı º õ∂Ô˜ ¬Û±Í¬1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ø˚À¬ı±1 fl¡Ô± Ò±1̱
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Œ˙¯Õ˘ Δ· √ :±ÚÕ˘ 1+¬Û±ôLø1Ó¬ ¬ ˝√í¬ı – ά◊˘•§ Δ˝√√ ¬ı≈1 ø˜ ’±1n∏ Ó¬±Ó¬ øÔ˚˛ ˆ¬ø1À1 Œ‡±“Ê√ fl¡±øϬˇ˜ º
¬Û±·˘ ’±ø˜ øÚ(˚˛√ ˝í√˜ º øfl¡c Œ¸˚˛± ≈√‡Ó¬ Ú˝√√˚˛, ’Ô«±» SêÀ˜ SêÀ˜√√ ’±˜±1 ’Ò…˚˛Ú1 ¬ı…±ø5 ‚øȬ¬ı , ·ˆ¬œ1Ó¬±
’Ê«√Ú fl¡1± :±Ú ’±1n∏ õ∂±ø5¬1 ’±ÚμÓ¬ ¬Û±·˘ º ¸˜˚˛ ’±ø˜ ¬ı‘øX ¬Û±¬ı º ˘À· ˘À· ’±˜±1 :±Ú1 ¬Ûø1˜À1± ¬ı±øϬˇ Δ·

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School of Management Sciences
Department of Business Administration Tezpur University, Napaam – 784028, Tezpur
Gauhati University, Guwahati- 781 014 Phone 267128, Intercom -5000
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School of Management Studies Assam Institute of Management
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’±ø˜ Ê√œªÚÓ¬ õ∂Ô˜¬ı±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ’ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ‰¬˝√√1Õ˘
˚±¬ıÕ˘ ˝√√íÀ˘ ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ‡¬ı1 ÀÚ±À˘±¬ª±Àfl¡ ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬
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˝◊√Ó¬…±ø√ ˝◊√Ó¬…±ø√ º øfl¡ Ò1Ì1 ¸≈ø¬ıÒ±-’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ˝í¬ı ¬Û±À1 À¸˝◊√
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˘±À· ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ˝√√íÀ˘ ’˘¬Û ¸˜˚˛ ‡1‰¬ ¬ fl¡ø1 ¸•Û”Ì« øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û √ ¬ı± õ∂ùü1 ά◊M√1 ø¬ı‰¬±ø1¬ıÕ˘ Δ· øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û‡Ú ¬ı± øfl¡Ó¬±¬ÛÀ¬ı±1 ¬ ¬ÛϬˇ±
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Œ¬ıÈ≈¬¬Û±Ó¬1 ¬Û1± Œ˙¯∏ fl¡Ô±› ’±ø˜ ˜ÚÓ¬ 1±ø‡¬ı ˘±ø·¬ı º ¤˝◊√ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’±ø˜ ’Ò…±˚˛
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˝√√í¬ı ˘·±¬ ˝√√˚˛ ŒÓ¬À¬Ú¶ö˘Ó¬ Â√±S˝◊√ øÚÊ√1 ¤È¬± ˜Ó¬ ø¶ö1 fl¡ø1¬ ˘í¬ı ’±1n∏ ¬Û±“‰¬ ˝◊√øf˚˛À1 fl¡1± fl¡±À˜˝◊√ Œfl¡ª˘ ¤Ê√Ú Â√±Sfl¡ ˚Ô±Ô«
˘·± ¬ ˝√√˚˛º ˝◊√˚˛±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√ ˜Ó¬1 ¬Ûé¬Ó¬ øÔ˚˛ Δ˝√√ õ∂øÓ¬øá¬Ó¬ :±Ú-¸˜‘X ˆ¬±˘ Â√±S Œ˝±ª±1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬ ’±· ¬ı±øϬˇ¬ıÕ˘ ¸±˝√√¸
¸fl¡À˘± ˜Ó¬±˜Ó¬Àfl¡˝◊√ ¤fl¡ ¸˜±À˘±‰¬Ú±Rfl¡ ‘√ø©ÜÀ1 ‰¬±¬ı ˘±À· º ø√À˚˛, ’±Rø¬ıù´±¸ ¬ı‘øX fl¡À1 ØØØØ!
([ºJA¡ ¤à}ºà ®¡àÈà "à¹ç¡ Îà[Òt¡¸¹ [ÅÛ¡A¡)

(Contd. from Page 25)

(Lesson Planning & Designing ....)


Beside long questions, teacher may go for a class system. Sometimes grading system is also become
test with short type and very short type questions more meaningful. Especially in the time of group
or objective type with multiple choices. These discussion and seminar grading system is
activities will help the students to understand the recommendable than the marking process. In the
lesson. Also it will attract them for further study time of students assessment discipline,
as well as through study rather than simply sitting punctuality, regularity, neat and clean write up are
in the class. Teacher may go for students’ also considerable factors for perfect result. Thus
response by asking the questions during the class. in conclusion it can be says that programming and
In the time of response teacher must be conscious lesson planning is necessary in the context of
about the cross questions from some students. higher education since education plays an
The response may also be in the form of recall important role in bringing social changes. It is the
and recognition, overt response, multiple choice vital component of the society. The success of an
or constructed response etc. educational system depends on the quality of
Based upon the responses and their teacher and it occupies a special position in the
perception teacher can be evaluate the students. educational system of a nation.!
Evaluation may be based strictly on marking
Reference
1. Dasgupta, D.N. : Principle and Practice of Educational Programming, Pointers Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
2. Hussain, M. : Human Geography, Rawat Publication, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
3. Sharma, R.A. : Technology of Teaching, International Publishing House, Meerut, UP.
4. Taher, M. : Social Geography—concepts and theories, NEIGS, GU, Assam.
(The author teaches Geography in Pachunga University College, Aizawl)
Ghanashyam Deka

T eaching is the social and professional


activity. It is a process of development.
Teaching is a system of actions which
necessary. The duty of a teacher is not only the
teaching. It should be in meaningful way with
some needbase evaluation and interaction. So
induce learning through interpersonal now a days programming, designing are also
relationship. Teaching technology is the associated with higher education system.
application of philosophical, sociological Programming is relatively a new
and scientific knowledge to teaching for development in education and training, and
achieving some specific learning programmers are the first to admit that a great
objectives. Teaching is a purposeful deal of research is still needed before they can
activity. The ultimate goal of teaching is speak with certainty about the principles and
to bring all round development of a student techniques that will produce programming of
and the society. The knowledge and the highest possible quality. Educational
practice which help in realizing the goal objective play same vital role in programmed
is the content matter of teaching education as in any other form of teaching. They
technology. Teaching is an art as well must be established very clearly at the very
science because teaching can study beginning of programme construction, before
objectively and scientifically. On this and other work is possible; they guide the
regard it is mentionable that involvement selection of principles and techniques on which
of teachers and students are not the only the programme is built; they provide the
meaningful way of teaching. Some standard by which the programme is evaluated.
innovative idea and methods are also Yet, in the nature of things, educational
objective are somewhat ephemeral and not
easily determined with precision.
Concerned with the lesson planning
concept my attempt is to write up about the
Spatial Organization: Identification of
Functional Regions. Being a geography
teacher my attempt is to describe the concept
of functional region through this assignment.
Geography itself is identified as spatial science.
The idea of region (both formal and functional)
is related with the study of regional geography.

23 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


Regionalization, identification and assessment to identify and define a region and can give
of region, regional variations, economic activity examples of regions at different spatial scales.
etc. are the subject matter of regional geography. Here the geographic skills are:
Therefore my lesson planning is about the 1. Asking geographic questions
introduction and identification of the concept of 2. Acquiring geographic information
a formal region. 3. Organizing geographic information
Overview: Region is a unit of land that is 4. Answering geographic questions, etc.
considered to have a unique character or and finally students can analyze what is a region
homogeneity, based on local features of geology, by the Geographic Information
relief, soil, climate, vegetation and way of life. Suggested Procedure:
Again regional geography is the study of the Opening: Let’s start the class by sharing with
geography of regions. Traditionally, the main the class a definition of ‘Region’. A region is an
approach to this has been through chorography. area with one or more characteristics or features
Regional geography is concerned with the in common, which give it a measure of
geographical inter-relationships between regions homogeneity/ similarity and make it different
and the examination of the changes that take from its surrounding areas. Human factors like
place in a region over time. Geographers today occupation, religion, racism etc. or physical
place an emphasis on spatial organization that features like mountain boundary, plain and fertile
includes the concept of functional regions— soils etc. may define a region.
areas defined by business and economic Have students list the regions within which
activities. Functional regions are organized the local community exists. It is also necessary
around a node, or a focal point, with the to ask students to describe the regions that have
surrounding areas linked to that node through listed by them.
systems, associations, and activities. The concept Teacher’s duty in this lesson plane is to
of functional regions provides a way to examine introduce students the idea of a Formal
the linkages and flows that create (characterized by a common feature such as
interdependence among people. language, political identity, climate, or
This lesson places the student in the role vegetation), Functional (organized around a
of geographer—thinking geographically and focal point of transportation, communication, or
using geographic skills. During this lesson, trade), and Perceptual (defined by human
students will connect data and visual attitudes about areas) regions. It will be useful
representations to see how the links that sustain in terms of evaluations, if the students divided
a region can be visually represented by maps of three groups i.e. formal, functional, and
flow lines or overlapping ‘cobwebs’. perceptual regions for group discussion. It is also
Connections to the Curriculum: meaningful if the teacher tells students that we
Geography, social science, math, language skills create regions in our lives by the functions we
Connections to the National Geography carried out daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly.
Standards: Then teacher can attempt a second brainstorming
Standard 5 : “That people create regions to session based on regional geography questions
interpret Earth’s complexity” like: What are the basic different between formal
Time: Three to five hours and functional region? or Give some suitable
Materials Required: examples of formal and functional region from
Paper, pencils, and graph paper your own observations, etc.
Word processing, graphing, and Development: To assess the understanding and
presentation software (optional) for better interest to the subject matter, it will be
Objectives: By this lesson students will be able helpful if the teacher assign some of the students
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 24
to collect data for a linkage-and-flow map representation of it. Students will need to phone
depicting a region in which they, their families or visit some business places of their locality and
and friends, and other people of their local area agencies or they can use the Internet to collect
operate. data. In terms of data presentation visual
Suggestions for survey topics include the presentation, auditory presentation, using of slide
following: projectors etc are more helpful for better
! Where, how far, and how often do you understanding of the lesson.
and your family travel to shop for clothes Closing: Have a brief class discussion about
and household items? regions. Have students’ ideas about the definition
! Where, how far, and how often do you and of a region changed since they began this lesson?
your family travel for recreational purposes Is their idea of a region broader or narrower than
(e.g., fishing, hunting, boating, camping, it was before?
and skiing) or cultural purposes (e.g., movie Students’ Assessment: Have students give an
going, parties, and museum visits)? informal oral presentation in which they answer
! Where, how far, and how often do you several of the following questions. (If possible,
and your family travel on long vacations? have students use presentation software to
! Where did your family buy its last car? enhance their presentations.)
How far did you travel to buy it? How often ! What is the purpose of this region?
does your family make such a purchase? ! What gives this region cohesiveness and
! How many customers does the local sets it apart from other regions? Is it a
television cable system serve, and what is physical or human characteristic, or both?
the geographic extent of the service area? ! How large is this region?
! How many planes fly in and out of the ! Are the borders of this region precise?
local airport each day? What cities do ! Does this region join people in a common
they come from? Where do they go? cause or delimit an area of conflict?
(Trains, ferries, and subway systems ! Is this a formal, functional, or perceptual
would be alternate focuses for this type region?
of question.) ! What defines this region—politics,
! How many customers does the local economics, language, religion, social
Internet service provider serve, and what needs, or a common physical property?
is the extent of the local service area? ! What is the focal point of this region?
How many calls are made into the system ! What cultural image does this region
on a daily basis? Students may also want suggest to the world?
to research how many local citizens ! Has this region changed recently? Is it
subscribe to regional or national Internet currently changing? Will it change in the
service providers. near or distant future? What is the catalyst
! How many subscribers does the local for this change?
newspaper serve? What is the geographic Conclusion: Apart from these questions,
extent of the newspaper’s distribution? students understanding may also be tasted from
! How many people come to the closest different view point. Arrangement of seminar on
regional mall to shop on any given weekend? the topic taught, group discussion, debate about
From where do they come? How large is the the formation and function of a region of their
geographic area served by the mall? own locality, drawing or preparing map of
Students will need to survey a random different formal and functional region of their
sample of people to gather data, then respective district, state etc. for their references.
organization of the data, and creation of a graphic (Contd.on Page 22)

25 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 26
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W¡à¤ ºà[K¤¡ú šøA¡õ t¡ìt¡ ët¡*òìºàA¡¹ šø[t¡®¡à, ë™àK¸t¡à, "à¹ç¡ t¡=¸³ìt¡ šøàÚ 20 ºàJ¡ú ÒüÚàì¹ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã [ÅÛ¡àšøàœ
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ºà[K¤ [>\¹ ®¡[¯È¸t¡¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠ëÛ¡y¡ú ¤t¢¡³à>¹ A¡³¢ šø[t¡ó¡[ºt¡ ëÒà¯à >àÒü¡ú
Î}ìA¡àW¡>¹ γÚt¡ áày-áàyãÎA¡ìº šàk¡¸yû¡³ [>¤¢àW¡> [A¡”ñ &Òü 20 ºàJ [>¤>å¯àA¡ W¡¹A¡à¹ã W¡àA¡[¹ [ƒÚàìi¡à

27 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


&ìA¡Èà¹ìt¡ "δ±¯¡ú "à¹ç¡ &ì> ƒà¤ã A¡¹à* ®å¡º¡ú šøA¡õ t¡ìt¡ "àìá¡ú l¡ü샸àKã t¡¹ç¡oÎA¡ìº =ºå¯à šå[k¡, J[ºÒò>à, W¡–ƒà,
"à³à¹ ¤× [>¤>å¯à áˆì¤Åã [>¤>å¯à¡ú t¡àì¹ ¤× "àìA¡ï lò¡[¹A¡oà, [ÅR¡¹à, ¤à[³, ëKƒìKƒã "à[ƒ ³àáγèÒ¹
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">¸ [¤A¡¿ A¡³¢ Î}Ñ‚àš>¹ ë™àìK[ƒ ë™ Î–µà>\>A¡ \ã[¯A¡à ¤àì¤ &A¡ ¤õÒ; ¤¸¯ÎàÚ íÒ l¡ük¡à¹ šèo¢ δ±à¯>à "àìá¡ú
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™å¯t¡ãÎA¡ìº [¤`¡à> Ζµt¡ ëJ[t¡ (š¹´š¹àKt¡ Åθ¹ "à³à¹ [Å[Û¡t¡ ™å¯A¡-™å¯t¡ãÎA¡ìº [¤[®¡Ä [ƒÅ¹ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã
¤à[Òì¹* [¤[®¡Ä šøA¡à¹ ó塺, [W¡y>ºà, ë\i¡ö’ó¡à "à[ƒ), [ÅÛ¡à íº ¤\๠"‹¸Ú>¹ ë™àìK[ƒ "àu Î}Ñ‚àš>¹ [¤A¡¿
šÇ¡šàº>, ³;θ šàº>, "à[ƒ¹ ë™àìK[ƒ [>\¹ ºKìt¡ ëÛ¡yγèÒ ¤à[á íº t¡àt¡ "àK¤à[Øn¡¤ ºàìK¡ú ‘[>¤>å¯à’
"à>ìA¡à A¡³¢ Î}Ñ‚àš> [ƒ¤ šà칡ú "γt¡ "àº}A¡à[¹A¡ ¤å[º Òt¡àÅ ëÒà¯à¹, ¤à W¡¹A¡à¹¹ ³åJîº W¡àÒü ¤[Ò =A¡à
³àá¹ (Ornamental Fish) ¤¸¯ÎàÚ A¡¹àì¹à ™ì=Ê Îåì™àK "à[\¹ ™åKt¡ ³èJ¢à[³ ³ày¡ú!

Ko ³à‹¸³¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠: Careers in Media


´ß[t¡A¡ γÚìW¡à¯àt¡ "t¡¸”z [¤A¡[Åt¡ ëÛ¡yγèÒ¹ š™¢àÚ¹ [>l¡ü\ ëW¡ì>º šøW¡à[¹t¡ íÒ "àìá¡ú Ñ‚à>ãÚ š™¢àÚìt¡à
">¸t¡³ Ò’º ë³[l¡Úà¡ú "[t¡ A¡³ γڹ [®¡t¡¹ìt¡ "Î}J¸ Î¹ç¡ ¤¹ ëA¡¤º ëW¡ì>º šø[t¡Ë¡à íÒìá¡ú ÎA¡ìºà
"à³à¹ ëƒÅt¡ &A¡šøA¡à¹ ë³[l¡Úà [¤ìÑ£¡à¹o Q[i¡ìá¡ú ášà [³[º &Òü ëÛ¡yt¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤¹ ¤àì¤ &A¡ ¤õÒ; Î}J¸A¡
(Print) "à¹ç¡ ‘ÒüìºC¡ö[>A¡’ (Electronic) l¡ü®¡Ú ³à‹¸³ìt¡ A¡³¢ã¹ šøìÚà\> íÒìá¡ú ë³[l¡Úà ëÛ¡yt¡ l¡üš™åv¡û¡ ëºàA¡¹
ë³[l¡Ú๠"®è¡t¡šè¤¢ [¤A¡àÅ Q[i¡ìá ™[ƒ* ƒõŸ-Åø¤¸ W¡à[Òƒà "àÅàt¡ãt¡®¡àì¯ ¤õ[‡ý¡ šàÒüìá¡ú ƒõŸ Åø¤¸ ë³[l¡Úà¹
(Audio-visual) ë³[l¡Ú๠[¤Åຠ"à¹ç ¡ "®è ¡ t¡šè ¤ ¢ \Kt¡J>t¡ [¤[®¡Ä ‹¹o¹ ƒÛ¡ ëºàA¡¹ šøìÚà\> Ò’¤¡ú [Å¿ã,
δßÎà¹ìo ëQàÈA¡, (Anchor/
&A¡ >tå ¡ > RJ/ VJ) Î}¤àƒƒàt¡à,
[ƒK”z¹ ÎåW¡>à ¤àt¡¢ à δšàƒA¡
A¡[¹ìá¡ú (News editor), Ŧ
[¤ìÅÈîA¡ ™”|ã (Audio engi-
‰ç¡t¡K[t¡t¡ ¤õ[‡ý¡ neer), ƒõŸ NøÒoA¡à¹ã
ëšà¯à [¤[®¡Ä (Cameraperson)
¤àt¡¢à (News) ¹ê¡šÎðàA¡¹ (Make-
"à¹ç¡ [¤ì>àƒ> up-Artist),
(entertain- š[¹W¡àºA¡, [W¡y
m e n t ) >ài¡¸A¡à¹ (Script
ëW¡ì>ºÎ³è ì Ò Writer) , ">å Ë ¡à>
A¡³¢ Î}Ñ‚àš>¹ A¡à™¢ ¤ àÒã (PEX)
&A¡ [¤Åຠ"à[ƒìA¡ ‹[¹ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã
ëÛ¡y ³å A ¡[º / "-A¡à[¹A¡¹ã ƒåìÚà
A¡[¹ìá¡ú [ƒÅì¹ ƒÛ¡ "à¹ç ¡
"γ¹ ƒì¹ "[®¡`¡ ëºàA¡¹
"à[=¢A¡®¡àì¯ šàá š¹à &J> ¹à\¸ìt¡ "à[\ [t¡[>i¡à ¹àÊ¡öãÚ ÎÒì™àKt¡ìÒ &Òü ³à‹¸³ γèÒ¹ A¡à™¢ÎèW¡ã š[¹W¡à[ºt¡ ÒÚ¡ú
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 28
K[t¡ìA¡, &Òü [¤®¡àK γèÒ¹ l¡üš™åv¡û¡ `¡à> =A¡à ƒÛ¡ ëºàA¡¹ [¤ÈÚ¹ Ñ•àt¡ìA¡àv¡¹ šàk¡¸yû¡³ A¡¹àìÒ ¤å[‡ý¡³à>¹ A¡à³ Ò’¤¡ú
¤àì¤ ë³[l¡Úà ëÛ¡y Î}Ñ‚àš>¹ &A¡ l¡ü¤¢¹ ®è¡[³ íÒ l¡ü[k¡ìá¡ú [™ ëA¡àì>à ÅàJ๠ѕàt¡A¡ÎA¡ìº &Òü šàk¡¸yû¡³t¡ >à³ ®¡[t¢¡
ë³[l¡Úà ëÛ¡yJ> ¤t¢¡³à> "t¡¸”z šø[t¡ì™à[Kt¡à³èºA¡ A¡[¹¤ šà칡ú ¤t¢¡³à> ®¡à¹t¡¹ šøàÚ [¤ºàA¡ [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºìÚ
íÒ l¡ü[k¡ìá¡ú ÒüÚàt¡ l¡üš™åv¡û¡ ëºàA¡¹ ¤àì¤ "àA¡Èo¢ãÚ ë¤à>àW¡¹ KoÎ}ì™àK¹ šàk¡¸yû ¡ ³ "๴± A¡[¹ìá¡ú "γì¹à
Îåì™àK "àìá¡ú [A¡”ñ, [>ìÚàK¹ ëÛ¡yìt¡à šøà=¢ãÎA¡º "ài¡àÒüìA¡l¡üJ> [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºÚt¡ KoÎ}ì™àK šàk¡¸yû¡³ A¡[¹¤
šø[t¡ì™àKãt¡à¹ ³àì\[ƒ ™à¤ ºà[K¤¡ú [>\Ѭ ëÛ¡yt¡ [>\ìA¡ š¹à¹ Îå[¤‹à "àìá¡ú A¡i¡> A¡ìº\ìt¡à KoÎ}ì™àK [¤ÈÚ¹
šø[t¡®¡àÅàºã "à¹ç¡ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã®¡àì¯ ƒÛ¡ ¤å[º šø³à[ot¡ A¡[¹¤ [¤ìÅÈ šàk¡¸yû¡³ "àK¤ìØn¡à¯à ÒÚ¡ú
šà[¹ìºìÒ [>™å[v¡û¡ ëšà¯à¹ ºKìt¡ "àÅà>å¹ê¡š šà[¹Åø[³A¡ ¤t¢¡³à>¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠ÎÞê¡à>ã ™å¯A¡-™å¯t¡ã¹ Ѭš— >K¹ã
ºà®¡ A¡[¹¤îº "àÅà A¡[¹¤ šà[¹¡ú [ƒÀãt¡ KoÎ}ì™àK¹ šàk¡¸yû¡³ "àK¤ìØn¡à¯à ëA¡Òü¤àJì>à ™ì=Ê
ë³[l¡Úà \Kt¡¹ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã (Technical) ëÛ¡yγèÒt¡ l¡üÄt¡ ³à>¹ [ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à> "àìá, ™’t¡ [ÅÛ¡àîº ÎÒì\Òü [>™å[v¡û¡
A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ëJà\à ÎA¡ìº Î}[ÅÃÊ [¤ÈÚ¹ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã [ÅÛ¡à ëšà¯à¹ *š[¹* [>\Ѭ ëÛ¡yt¡ ™ì=Ê l¡üÄ[t¡ A¡[¹¤* šà[¹¡ú
(Audio engineering, cinematography "à[ƒ) l¡üš™åv¡û¡ ëÎÒü [ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à> γèÒ¹ &ìA¡¤àì¹ ÅãÈ¢t¡ "àìá (Indian
[ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à>¹ š¹à NøÒo A¡¹à¹ [¤š¹ãìt¡ "-A¡à[¹A¡¹ã (Non Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC, JNU
technical) ëÛ¡yt¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ëJà\à ÎA¡º (Î}¤àƒƒàt¡à, Campus, New Delhi. www. iimc. nic. in).
ëQàÈA¡, "à[ƒ) Mass Communication ¹ šàk¡¸yû¡³ NøÒo \à[³Úà [³[ºÚà Òüáºà[³Úà [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºÚ¹ "‹ã>¹
A¡[¹ ë³[l¡Ú๠\Kt¡t¡ šøì¤Å A¡[¹ &A¡ Îå–ƒ¹ "à¹ç¡ \à[³Úà ³àá A¡[³l¡ü[>ìA¡W¡> [¹W¡¢àW¡ ëW¡si¡à¹ (JMCRC,
ë¹à³àe¡A¡ ëA¡[¹Ú๠K[Øn¡¤ šà칡ú Jamia Nagar, New Delhi - 120 025) ë³[l¡Úà \Kt¡t¡
ë³[l¡Ú๠\Kt¡t¡ šøì¯Å¹ [¤[®¡Ä [¤A¡¿ š= "àìá¡ú A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ëJà\à ÎA¡º¹ ¤àì¤ "à> &A¡ šø=³ šW¡–ƒ¹
"àW¡ºìt¡ ÎA¡ìºà ëÛ¡y¹ ëºàA¡¹ ¤àì¤ ë³[l¡Úà \Kt¡t¡ [ÅÛ¡à>å Ë ¡à>¡ú Òü Ú àt¡ Audio Visual Production,
A¡à³ A¡¹à¹ Îåì™àK "àìá¡ú "[l¡"’ Òü[g[>Úà[¹}, šàk¡¸yû¡³ Radio Production, Media Script Writing, Direc-
NøÒo A¡¹à ÎA¡ìº ë¹[l¡"’, [i¡[®¡, [W¡ì>³à "à[ƒ ëÛ¡yt¡ tion, Sound editing "à[ƒ [¤ÈÚ¹ t¡à[â«A¡ "à¹ç¡ ¤¸¯Òà[¹A¡
A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ šà칡ú "à>Òàìt¡ [ó¡Âµ "à¹ç¡ ëi¡[º[®¡W¡> [ÅÛ¡à šøƒà> A¡¹à ÒÚ¡ú [ƒÀã¹ ëW¡à[ó¡Úà A¡ìº\¹ KoÎ}ì™àK
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phy) / δšàƒ>à (editing) / "[®¡>Ú "à[ƒ¹ šø[ÅÛ¡o "à¹ç¡ [W¡³¤àÚ’[W¡W¡ Òü>[Ê[i¡l¡üi¡ (SIMC, Pune) ë³[l¡Úà
šøàœ¡ÎA¡ìº ÎA¡ìºà ƒõŸ (visual) ³à‹¸³t¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ \Kt¡t¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ëJà\à ÎA¡º¹ ¤àì¤ [W¡>àA¡ã >ೡú
šà칡ú Îà}¤à[ƒA¡t¡à¹ šàk¡¸yû¡³ NøÒo A¡¹à ÎA¡ìº ¤àt¡[¹ Ko ³à‹¸³¹ \Kt¡J>t¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤¹ ¤àì¤ [¤ìÅÈ
A¡àA¡t¡ / "àìºàW¡>ã / ëi¡[º[®¡W¡> ([¤ìÅÈîA¡ [>l¡ü\ ëW¡ì>º šàk¡¸yû¡³ "š[¹Òà™¢ >ÒÚ¡ú "à>Òàìt¡ ëA¡¯º ëÅøoãìA¡àk¡à¹
γèÒt¡) "à[ƒA¡ [>\¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠ëÛ¡y [ÒW¡àì¤ ¤à[á º’¤ [ÅÛ¡àì¹ &Òü ³à‹¸³t¡ [>\A¡ šø[t¡Ë¡à A¡¹à i¡à>¡ú &ÒüJ>
šà칡ú t¡=¸šø™å[v¡û¡ (IT) ëÛ¡y¹ ëºàA¡ ÎA¡ìº* ë³[l¡Ú๠ëÛ¡t¡t¡ A¡à³ A¡¹à¹ ¤àì¤ "ài¡àÒüt¡îA¡ šøìÚà\> [>\¹
ºKt¡ \[Øl¡t¡ íÒ [¤A¡¿ ëA¡[¹Ú๠K[Øn¡¤ šà칡ú ët¡ì>ƒì¹ Îõ[Ê¡Åãºt¡à, ¤å[‡ý¡³v¡à "à¹ç¡ A¡ìk¡à¹ š[¹Åø³¡ú K[t¡ìA¡ [™
¤¸¯Ñ‚àš>à (Management) ¹ áày-áàyã ÎA¡ìº* ÎA¡º šøAõ¡t¡ìt¡ &Òü ëÛ¡yt¡ "àNøÒã "à¹ç¡ š[¹Åø³ A¡¹à¹
ë³[l¡Ú๠¤¸¯Îà[ÚA¡ [ƒÅ¹ ºKt¡ \[Øl¡t¡ Media man- ³à>[ÎA¡t¡à "àìá ët¡*òìºàìA¡ìÒ ë³[l¡Ú๠ëÛ¡yJ>A¡ [>\¹
agement ëÛ¡yJ>t¡ Îå–ƒ¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠K[Øn¡¤ šà칡ú ëA¡[¹Ú๠ëÛ¡y [ÒW¡àì¤ [>¤¢àW¡> A¡[¹¤ ºàìK¡ú
[™ ÎA¡º áày-áàyãìÚ ®¡[¯È¸ìt¡ ë³[l¡Ú๠\Kt¡t¡ ÎA¡ìºà [ƒÅ W¡à[º \à[¹ W¡àÒü [Ñ‚¹ [·ý¡à”z ëºà¯à¹
A¡à³ A¡[¹³ ¤å[º [·ý¡à”z íºìá, ët¡*òìºàA¡¹ ¤àì¤ Ko šàát¡ ë³[l¡Úà \Kt¡t¡ šøì¯Å¹ šøÑñ[t¡ "๴± A¡[¹¤ ºàìK
Î}ì™àK (Mass Communication) ¹ [ÅÛ¡à NøÒo A¡¹à Îå-š[¹A¡[¿t¡®¡à쯡ú t¡à¹ ¤àì¤ šø=³¹ š¹à ¤àt¡[¹ A¡àA¡t¡¹
[¤ìÅÈ®¡àì¯ ºà®¡\>A¡ Ò’¤¡ú KoÎ}ì™àK (Mass Com) [>Ú³ãÚà "à¹ç¡ [¤t¡} "‹¸Ú>, [¤[®¡Ä ëW¡ì>º γèÒ¹ ">åË¡à>
¹ Ñ•àt¡A¡ "à¹ç¡ Ñ•àt¡ìA¡àv¡¹ l¡ü®¡Ú šàk¡¸yû¡³ A¡[¹¤ š¹à¹ "à¹ç¡ t¡àt¡ A¡à³ A¡¹à ëºàA¡ ÎA¡º¹ A¡³¢ š‡ý¡[t¡ "‹¸Ú>
¤¸¯Ñ‚à "àìá ™[ƒ* ‰ç¡t¡ Î}Ñ‚àš>, ®¡[¯È¸t¡ δ±à¯>à "à¹ç¡ A¡¹à "à¯Å¸A¡¡ú t¡àì¹àš[¹ [ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à>t¡ t¡A¢¡, Nø¡ç š [l¡W¡A¡àW¡>ô
¤×³åJã Î}Ñ‚àš> Îå[¤‹à "à[ƒ [ƒÅ [¤ì¤W¡>à A¡[¹ìº &Òü (GD) "à[ƒt¡ "}Å NøÒo A¡¹à¹ "[®¡`¡t¡à* ™ì=Ê A¡à³t¡

29 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


"àìÒ¡ú Ò’¤ ºà[K¤¡ú K[t¡ìA¡ t¡à¹ ¤àì¤ šè¤¢¹ š¹à Îà\å ëÒà¯à
&Òü[J[>ìt¡ l¡üìÀJ¸ ë™ [™ ëA¡àì>à l¡üZW¡ ³à>¹ ®¡àº¡ú t¡à¹ ¤àì¤ áày-áàyãÎA¡ìº Òü}¹à\ã, Îà‹à¹o `¡à>
[ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à>¹ KoÎ}ì™àK ¤à ">¸ Ko ³à‹¸³ δšA¢¡ãÚ (GK) "à¹ç¡ Îà´ß[t¡A¡ Qi¡>௺ã (Current Affairs)
šàk¡¸yû¡³t¡ >à³ ®¡[t¢¡¹ ¤àì¤ šøì¯Å š¹ãÛ¡à (Admis- "à[ƒ [¤ÈÚt¡ [¤ìÅÈ®¡àì¯ "‹¸Ú> "à¹ç¡ ">åÅãº> A¡¹à
sion test) "à¹ç¡ ÎàÛ¡à;A¡à¹ šø[yû¡Ú๠³àì\[ƒ [>¤¢à[W¡t¡ "à¯Å¸A¡¡ú
ÎåA塳๠A¡ºà [Åۡ๠šãk¡Ñ‚à> @ Fine Arts College
A塳๠A¡ºà [¤ÈÚ¹ "‹¸Ú> "à¹ç¡ W¡W¢¡à¹ ëƒÅ¹ [®¡t¡¹ìt¡ ºà[K¤¡ú >à³ ®¡[t¢¡¹ ¤àì¤ \åºàÒü ³àÒt¡ &A¡ šøì¯Å š¹ãÛ¡à
&A¡ "Nøoã ">åË¡à> >tå¡> [ƒÀã¹ A¡’ìº\ "¯ "ài¢¡¡ú ">å[Ñ‚t¡ ÒÚ¡ú ÒüÚàt¡ ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ [Å¿-Î}ÑH[õ t¡, [W¡yà}A¡o, "à[ƒ
[>\à ëÛ¡y¹ [¤[ÅÊ [¤ÈÚ¹ šø Å — =àìA¡¡ú
[Å¿ã, [W¡yA¡¹ t¡=à [W¡yA¡ºà¹ ëÛ¡yt¡
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A¡¹à &Òü [ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à>¹ [ƒÅt¡ ®¡[¯È¸ìt¡ A¡à³
áày ÎA¡ìº Òü[t¡³ì‹¸ A¡¹à¹ ¤àì¤ "àNø Ò ã
[W¡y "à¹ç¡ [Å¿A¡ºà¹ ÎA¡ìº l¡ü š ™å v ¡û ¡
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³à[Âi¡ì³[l¡Úà ëÛ¡yìt¡à íÒ &Òü [ÅÛ¡à>åË¡à>t¡
šø[t¡Ë¡à ºà®¡ A¡[¹¤îº "‹¸Ú> A¡[¹ [>\¹ šW¡–
ÎÛ¡³ íÒìá¡ú ƒ¹ ëA¡[¹Ú๠K[Ø n ¡¤
A¡’ìº\ "¯ šà칡ú A¡ìº\¹ [k¡A¡>à
ó¡àÒü> "ài¡¢¹ ÎåA塳๠A¡ºà¹ Ñ•àt¡A¡ šàk¡¸yû¡³ (BFA) t¡ Ò’º :
ëšÒü[si¡}, ®¡àÑH™¢ "à¹ç¡ šøàìÚà[KA¡ A¡ºà (Applied Art) A¡ìº\ "¯ "ài¢¡
[¤ÈÚt¡ [¤ìÅÈ [Åۡ๠¤¸¯Ñ‚à "àìá¡ú 4 ¤á¹ãÚà &Òü 20-22 [t¡ºA¡ ³àK¢, >tå¡> [ƒÀã - 110001
šàk¡¸yû¡³t¡ >à³ ®¡[t¢¡¹ ¤àì¤ šøà=¢ã l¡üZW¡t¡¹ ³à‹¸[³A¡ š™¢àÚt¡ "àNøÒã ÎA¡ìº "[‹A¡ t¡=¸ t¡=à "à줃> šy¹ ¤àì¤
[™ ëA¡àì>à ÅàJàt¡ >è¸>t¡³ 50% >´¬¹ íº l¡üv¡ão¢ Ò’¤ log on A¡¹A¡ : www. delhi govt. nic. in / arts.
([ºJA¡ ¹à\>ã[t¡ [¤`¡à>¹ [ÅÛ¡A¡)

BSNL to Recruit 3945 Telecom Junior Officers


Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) will recruit about (The pay scale is likely to be revised upwards)
3945 Junior Telecom. Officers (JTOs) through a Closing date for receipt of Application Forms
competitive examination to be held on 21st June 2009 Application forms complete in every respect must reach
(Sunday) on All India basis. on or before 06.04.2009. Applications received after the
CLOSING DATE OF RECEIPT OF APPLICATION closing date or not accompanied by the demand draft
: 06.04.2009 [wherever applicable] for the prescribed examination fee
BSNL JTO EXAMINATION DATE : 21.06.2009 or incomplete in any respect shall be summarily rejected
Open competitive examination to be held on 21.06.2009 and no communication in respect of the rejected
on All India basis, as per the details given below : application forms shall be entertained. Fees paid shall also
JTO(Telecom) TOTAL : 3545 NOT be refunded. BSNL shall not be responsible for any
JTO (Civil) Total : 200 postal delay.
JTO (Electrical) Total : 200 Eligibility :
Scale of Pay : Nationality : Only Indian Nationals would be eligible to
The post of J.T.O. is in the IDA pay-scale of Rs. 9850- apply.
250-14600. © India Blogs,Pradip Kumar Datta (pradip200@yahoo.com )

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 30
INDIAN AIR FORCE
INVITES ENTERPRISING & ADVENTUROUS MEN & WOMEN TO THE JOIN THE INDIAN
AIR FORCE AS SHORT SERVICE COMMISSION OFFICERS IN FLYING (PILOT) BRANCH
1. Applications are invited from unmarried male and website: www.careerairforce.nic.in. Application is
female Indian Citizens for grant of Short Service to reach the following address by 06 April 2009./ 13
Commission in Flying (Pilot) Branch of the Indian April 2009 (as applicable).
Air Force for the following courses for which training POST BAG NO. 001, NIRMAN BHAWAN
will commence in Jan 2010. POST OFFICE, NEW DELHI - 110106
No. 5 SHORT SERVICE COMMISSION (MEN) Note: No queries will entertained regarding late
FLYING (PILOT) COURSE receipt of applications.
No. 34 SHORT SERVICE COMMISSION (b) Superscribe the envelope: 5 SSC (M) / 34 SSC
(WOMEN) FLYING (PILOT) COURSE (W) F (P) Course (as applicable).
Last date for receipt of applications: 06 April 2009. (c) Application must be accompanied with
Last date for receipt of applications for the candidates photocopies of final / provisional degree certificate
who are sending their applications from Andaman from the College Principal stating likely date of
& Islands. Lakshadweep & Minicoy Islands, Assam, announcement of final results with subjects
Meghalaya, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, mentioned therein. No marksheets / copies thereof
Nagaland and Mizoram: 13 April 2009. are to be submitted.
ELIGIBILITY CONDITIONS (d) Application must also be accompanied by two
2. Should be an unmarried Indian citizen. self addressed envelopes (size - 23 X 10 cms) pasted
3. Age: 19 to 23 years as on 01 Jan 2010 i.e. born with Rs.27/- each postage stamps.
between 02 Jan 1987 and 01 Jan 1991. IAF OFFERS YOU
(Upper age limit for condidates holding valid 8. Pay and Allowances: Flying Officers will be
Commercial Pilot Licence issued by DGCA (India) entitled to the pay Band of Rs 15,600 - 39,100 per
is relaxable upto 25 years i.e. born between 02 Jan month with Grade Pay, dearness allowance, Military
1985 to 01 Jan 1991). service Pay. Flying Pay. Kit Maintenance
4. Educational Qualification: Graduates (Three year Allowances, Transport Allowance being other
course) in any discipline including BE / B Tech (Four admissible pay and allowances.
year course) who have attained First Class (Min 60% 9. Entitlements:- Qualification Pay / Grant,
marks in aggregate). All candidates applying must have Transport Allowance and certain other allowances,
passed Maths and Physics at 10+2 level through regular based on place of posting.
schooling. Final year / semester students may also apply 10. Benefits: Well Furnished Accommodation,
provided they do not have any present backlog. Final comprehensive Medical Cover for self and
year students need to qualify the degree examination dependants, Leave Travel Concession, Leave (60
and submit the final result by 15 Dec 2009. days Annual and 20 days Casual), Rations, Canteen
5. Height and Weight: Minimum height - 162.5 cms and Officers Mess facilities and many more.
with correlated weight and leg length in the range of 11. Insurance:- Rs. 30 Lac Insurance Cover (on
99 cms (Min) and 120 cms (Max). contribution) as applicable to serving offices.
6. Vision: 6/6 without spectacles (or other forms of Additional cover for Flying Branch is also available.
corrective lenses) and must not suffer from colour / 12. Adventure & Sports:- The IAF provides facilities
night blindness. to pursue all major sports activities. In addition, one
A candidate who has failed the Pilot Aptitude Battery can learn and participate in adventure activies such as
Test (PABT) in an earlier attempt OR a Flight a Cadet Sky Diving, Para Jumping. Para Sailing, River Rafting,
suspended from flying training at Air Force Academy Mountaineering, Trekking etc.
will not be eligible to apply. Airmen candidates are Intangible: 13. An unparalleled way of life that
to apply for the separate Airmen entry. offers you intrinsic compensation that no other
HOW TO APPLY organisation may provide.
7. (a) If you meet the eligibillity criteria, apply on For details log on : www.careerairforce.nic.in.
plain A4 size paper (typed or handwritten) in English e-mail : career_iaf@bol.net.in
as per application format given in the advertisement. Telefax : 011-23107918
Application form can also be downloaded from our Tele : 011-23010231
© davp

31 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


Now the Second Shifts at Engineering Colleges of the Country

T here has been phenomenal growth of


technical institutions in the country
during the past three decades, which has
release from AICTE has recently said, these
states include Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Delhi,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
however resulted in a regional imbalance Pradesh and West Bengal.
in the technical education system in the But women institutes from any part of the
Country. In order to overcome the regional country can start such shifts. Engineering
imbalance, the All India Council for colleges starting second shifts will have to
Technical Education (AICTE) has allowed follow a number of guidelines as laid down by
engineering colleges across the country to the AICTE. Some of these include:
start second shifts from the forthcoming 1. The second shift timing should be from
academic session. The second shift will 2:00 pm to 8:30 pm while the first shift
require minimal additional investment and from 7:00 am to 1:30 pm.
will also have to utilize the existing 2. The intake in the second shift should be
resources in optimal manner to minimize allowed within the range of 120-240.
the cost of education. 3. No additional land or built-up area is
As per the guidelines prepared by required to be added for the second shift.
AICTE, co-educational institutions having 4. Libraries should be provided with 20
four years of standing and women institutes percent more books and journals and
having three years of standing will be library timing should be extended to
allowed to start the second shifts. Co- facilitate second shift students.
educational institutions in the states, in 5. At least 50 percent additional permanent
which the number of seats available in faculty should be appointed for the
engineering institutions per lakh population second shift and 25 percent visiting
is less than the all India average, are faculty should be engaged and remaining
permitted to run second shifts. An official 25 percent faculty may be utilized from
the existing faculty. The existing faculty
may be paid 50 percent of Basic Pay +
DA for the additional work.
6. At least 50 percent additional staff
should be appointed for second shift and
50 percent existing staff of the first shift
may be utilized. The existing staff may
be paid 50 percent of Basic Pay + DA
for the additional work.
© http://indiaedunews.net & Buljit Buragohain,
buluassam@yahoo.co.in

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 32
Dr. Ava Rani Phukan

H OLI AAYE RE ... well, that’s the


refrain all will sing on March 11.
Merriment and gaiety will mark this
replaced the traditional colours and brought with
it a host of problems too.
One can enjoy the festival and play with
festival of colours. Holi cannot be colours too. A shift to eco-friendly colours is
imagined without a riot of colours but the safest and best way.
given the emphasis on being eco-friendly Holi, the Indian festival of colours, gaiety,
these days, the gulals will have a fun and frolic is associated with Lord Krishna
makeover - in terms of the ingredients and his Gopis. One can imagine the divine
they are made with. Synthetic colours abandon with which the supreme Avatar
ruled the roost till people realized the (incarnation) mingled with his consorts spraying
health hazards. Synthetic, today, should fragrant radiant colours at each other in hues of
be a strict no-no as it does more harm to red, green and pink from flowers like tesu
the body and eyes. Natural colours are an (Flame of the forest), harsringar, marigold,
ideal alternative and the demand is hibiscus, rose and other organic derivatives. The
growing particularly in the metros because colours were good for the skin and did not harm
of aggressive campaigning. In fact, in the human body and had therapeutic value. Till
ancient times, colours were made from the 1950s, families used to prepare their own
fresh flowers as Holi marked the advent of colours from these dried flowers in the form of
spring. Over course of time; synthetic dyes powders called gulal and boiled them to get
concentrated, deep wet colours. Such a colourful
Holi was soon overtaken by commercialization
which started providing exotic colours but in a
highly dangerous form. Toxic chemicals are
being used to get the desired colours:
! Purple from Chromium Iodide
! Red from Mercuric Oxide
! Green from Copper Sulphate
! Black from Lead
! Glitter from Mica and glass
All these are highly dangerous to the skin,
eyes, respiratory tract, can cause renal disorder
and some are even carcinogenic. They do not

33 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


wash away easily, get mixed in drains and sewage hazardous.
systems and pollute water bodies and the soil. The According to their researched fact sheet on
festival, which used to be a healthy revelry of both Holi, the pastes contain very toxic chemicals that
men and women, boys and girls, is no longer an can have severe health effects. Please check the
exuberant, healthy event. Women folk shy away table above to know about the chemical used in
in fear of being splashed and smeared with toxic various Holi colours and their harmful effects
colours, enamel paint, and even cow dung. on human body.
Ideally, the joyous festival of Holi is meant Action Taken by Environmental Groups :
to celebrate the arrival of Spring while the colours There are a few publications on the studies
used in Holi are to reflect the various hues of done by several environmental groups, who took
spring season. But unfortunately, in modern times up the cause to encourage people to return to a
Holi does not stand for all things beautiful. Like more natural way of celebrating Holi.
various other festivals, Holi too has become ! Navdanya, Delhi published a book called
ruthlessly commercialized, boisterous and yet Abir Gulal, which spoke of the
another source of environmental degradation. To biodiversity that was the source of natural
de-pollute Holi and make it in sync with nature, colours.
as it is supposed to be, several social and ! Development Alternatives, Delhi and
environmental groups are proposing a return to Kalpavriksh, Pune have developed
more natural ways of celebrating Holi. educational tools to teach children simple
The aim of this article is to generate awareness ways of making their own natural Holi
amongst people about the various harmful effects colours.
around Holi celebrations and encourage people to ! The CLEAN India campaign has been
celebrate an eco friendly Holi! Over the years, with teaching children how to make beautiful
the disappearance of trees in urban areas and greater natural colours.
stress for higher profits these natural colours came Play Holi the Vedic Way :
to be replaced by industrial dyes manufactured By using safe, natural colours we not only
through chemical processes. save our skins but also help save our environment
Around 2001, two environmental groups and conserve our biodiversity. When these colours
called Toxics Link and Vatavaran, based in Delhi, percolate into the soil and water they do not add
did a study on all the three categories of colours toxicity to our blue planet, and cause no harm to
available in the market - pastes, dry colours and the myriad life forms that live in the soil and water.
water colours. The study revealed that all of these Thereby, we also popularize the diverse plants and
three forms of chemical Holi colours are trees that give us these colours, and live life the
Vedic way, our ancient and most precious heritage.
Colour Chemical Health Effects
Here’re some recipes of natural colours that
Black Lead Oxide Renal Failure
will make your Holi naturally colourful ! :
Green Copper Sulphate Eye Allergy,
Red (Dry) : Red Sandalwood Powder/
Puffiness and
Raktachandan / Lalchandan (Pterocarpus
temporary
santalinus) has a beautiful red colour, which is
blindness
Silver Aluminium Bromide Carcinogenic beneficial for the skin and is used for face packs,
Blue Prussian Blue Contract Dermatitis etc. This can be used instead of Red gulal. Dry
Red Mercury Sulphite Highly toxic can red hibiscus flowers in the shade and powder it
cause skin cancer to make a lovely red colour. To increase the bulk
add any flour to it, in proportion to the vibrancy
Source : Vatavaran
of the colour you want to obtain. Sinduria
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 34
(Annato) has a water chestnut shaped fruit, also be boiled to obtain a fragrant yellowish
which contains lovely brick colour red seeds. orange coloured water. Legends say Lord
These yield both dry and wet colours. Krishna used to play Holi with Tesu flowers,
Green (Dry) : Use mehendi / henna powder which also have some medicinal properties. Boil
(not mixed with amla) separately or mix with flower petals of Semul/ Silk Cotton, (a red
equal quantity of any flour to attain a lovely variety of Bombax ceiba) in water. Both Tesu
green shade. Dry mehendi will not leave colour and Semul bloom during February-March.
on your face as it can be easily brushed off. Only Dazzling Yellows (Dry) : Mix two
mehendi mixed in water might leave a slight teaspoons of haldi / turmeric powder with
colour on your face. Many people like smearing double the quantity of besan (gram flour).
other person’s hair with colours. How about Haldi and besan are extremely healthy for our
doing it with mehendi powder and saving a trip skin, and are also used widely as a ubtan while
to the parlour ? Dry and finely powder the leaves taking bath. You can use the ordinary haldi or
of Gulmohur tree for a green. Crush the tender ‘kasturi’ haldi which is very fragrant and has
leaves of the Wheat plant to obtain a natural safe enhanced therapeutic effects. Besan can be
green Holi colour. substituted by wheat / rice / arrowroot flour
Sparkling Saffron (Wet) : The Flame of or talcum powder.
the Forest (Butea monosperma), known as Tesu, So, bid farewell to synthetic, unhygienic
Palash or Dhak in Indian languages, is the source colours and play hall with a renewed zest with
of the wonderful, traditional colour for Holi The herbal colours.
flowers are soaked overnight in water and can Happy Holi. Herbal Holi !"
(The author teaches in the Department of Clothing and Textiles (Home Science), AAU, Jorhat)

(39 šõˡ๠š¹à ) Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à : &\> "Îà‹à¹o ....


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šâ—ã Åøã³t¡ã [ƒ¤¸¤àºà ël¡A¡à¹ íÎìt¡ W¡à[¹i¡à šåy Δzà> Cryptocarya dekae ¤å[º >à³A¡¹o A¡[¹ìá¡ú Kì¯Èoà-
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W¡>¹ 16 &[šøº t¡à[¹ìJ P¡¯àÒài¡ã ë³[l¡ìA¡º A¡ìº\t¡ Q>A¡à”z Surv. India, 48 Vol., 2006)ú &ìA¡ ‹¹ìoÒü 1972 W¡>t¡
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Ò’º 2006 W¡>t¡ šøA¡à[Åt¡ &J> Kì¯Èoà-šy, ™’t¡ rendered valuable service for the Flora of Assamú"
([ºJA¡ ‘®¡à¹t¡ãÚ l¡ü[Š±ƒ \¹ãš’¹ [Å«º} ÅàJàt¡ A¡³¢¹t¡, Kì¯ÈA¡ "à¹ç¡ šè줢àv¡¹ ®¡à¹t¡¹ &\> \>à\àt¡ [¤`¡à> [ºJA¡¡ú ët¡ìJt¡¹
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35 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


l¡0 ¹à\㯠KîK

®¡à ¹t¡ W¡¹A¡àì¹ ëƒÅ¹ Ká-Ká[>¹ δšèo¢ t¡=¸


δ¬[ºt¡ Kì¯Èoà Nø”‚ &J> šøA¡àÅ A¡[¹¤¹
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&\> ³à>åÒA¡ ƒåÒ-ü &\> "γãÚàÒü \>๠¤à[Òì¹ t¡à¹ [®¡t¡¹t¡ ë\. [K¤á>, i¡³àá º¤, ë\. [l¡. ×A¡à¹, [i¡.
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"γ¹ šø=³ ¤> Î}¹Û¡A¡¹ê¡ìš [>™å[v¡û¡ [ƒÚà ÒÚ¡ú ët¡*ò
"γ¹š¹à ¤õÒ;Î}J¸A¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ >³å>à Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ ël¡¹àlå¡>t¡
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Î}NøÒ A¡[¹¤ šà[¹ "à¹ç¡ "ຢ¹ ">åì¹à‹ ³ìt¡ ët¡[t¡Úà¹

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 36
W¡¹A¡àì¹ P¡¹ç¡â«šèo¢ "[®¡ºàÈã Flora of Assam >à³¹ ët¡*ò¹ ºKìt¡à Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü ¤× γÚt¡ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ºKà
Kì¯Èoà Nø”‚J>¹ A¡à³ A¡[¹¤¹ ¤àì¤ "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Ê¹ íÒ[ạú ëÎÒü¤àì¤Òü ël¡A¡àÒü [>\¹ ëW¡Ê¡àì¹Òü [¤[®¡Ä šå[=
"[t¡[¹v¡û¡ l¡üš-¤> Î}¹Û¡A¡ ¹àÚ¤àÒàƒå¹ l¡üìš–ƒø >à= "‹¸Ú> A¡[¹ Òü}¹à\ã ®¡àÈàìi¡à "àÚv¡ A¡[¹¤îº ÎÛ¡³ íÒ[áº
A¡à[gºàºA¡ ƒà[Úâ« [ƒìÚ¡ú "๴± Ò’º ¤¹ "γ¹ ƒåK¢³ "à¹ç¡ šøàÚ ºìK ºìKÒü "àÚv¡ A¡[¹¤îº ÎÛ¡³ íÒ[Ạl¡ü[Š±ƒ
"¹o¸t¡ [¤[®¡Ä l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ ">åÎÞê¡à>¹ "[®¡™à>¡ú Î}NøÒ A¡¹à [W¡>àv¡û¡A¡¹o¹ [¤[®¡Ä í¤`¡à[>A¡ >ã[t¡-[>Ú³¡ú
¤õÒ;Î}J¸A¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>๡ú [A¡”ñ "àA¡[ѶA¡®¡àì¯ Flora "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Ê¡¹ W¡àA¡[¹t¡ ë™àK [ƒÚ๠ºìK ºìKÒü
of Assam – "¹ A¡à³ δšèo¢ ëÒà¯à¹ "àKìt¡Òü 1928 Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à l¡üv¡¹-šè¤¹ [¤[®¡Ä šøà”z¹š¹à l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ >³å>à
W¡>¹ 25 "ìC¡à¤¹t¡ l¡üìš–ƒø >à= A¡à[gºàº¹ "A¡àº [¤ìÚàK Î}NøÒ¹ "[®¡™à>t¡ >à[³ š[¹º¡ú ë³QàºÚ¹ l¡àl¡üA¡ã, ë\à¯àÒü,
Q[i¡º¡ú Òk¡à; Qi¡à &ì> &i¡à ƒå왢àK¹ ³à\ìt¡Òü ël¡¹àlå¡>t¡ >}šå, ëW¡¹àšågã, ºàÒü[º}A¡i¡, ëš>å¹W¡ºà, ³ó¡º}, >à¹[i¡Úà},
A¡³¢¹t¡ ¤> [¤ÈÚà [š. [á. A¡à[gºàº ëƒl¡üt¡àA¡¹ "à‹¹ç¡¯à Kàì¹à šàÒ๠; "¹ç¡oàW¡º¹ (ët¡[t¡Ú๠NEFA) A¡àì³},
A¡à³ δšèo¢ A¡¹à¹ ƒà[Úâ« NøÒo A¡[¹ 1929 W¡>¹ "àáà³ [W¡Úà}, ëºà[Òt¡ ; "γ¹ ‹å¤¹å ã¹ š¹à Å[ƒÚà; >Kà šàÒ๹
ó¡ì¹Ê¡îº "à[Òº "à¹ç¡ ëšà> šø=³¤à¹¹ ¤àì¤ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>¹ ¤× ƒåK³¢ šøà”z¹š¹à "๴± A¡[¹ ¤t¢¡³à>¹ ¤à}ºàìƒÅ¹ [áìºi¡
&i¡à ÅàJà šø[t¡Ë¡à A¡[¹ìº¡ú [štõ¡¹ "à‹¹ç¡¯à A¡à³¹ ƒà[Úâ« [\ºà¹š¹à ¤× ³èº¸¤à> l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ >³å>à Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ìº¡ú [štõ¡¹
NøÒo A¡[¹ ët¡*ò γNø l¡üv¡¹-šè¤¢àe¡ºt¡ ¤¸àšA¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>à l¡ü[Š±ƒ Î}NøÒ¹ Î}J¸àìi¡à W¡[Àá Òà\à¹t¡îA¡ "[‹A¡ A¡[¹ [š.
Î}NøÒt¡ >à[³ š[¹º¡ú &Òü A¡à™¢t¡ ët¡*ò¹ ÎÒàÚA¡à¹ã¹ê¡ìš [á. A¡à[gºàº "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Ê¡¹š¹à [>\¹ k¡àÒüîº šøt¡¸à¤t¢¡>
ÎÒì™àKã Ò’º "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Ê¡¹ ëA¡Òü¤à\ì>à >¯[>™åv¡û¡ A¡¹àt¡ 1931 W¡>¹ Flora of AssamJ> ¤> [¤ÈÚà &.
A¡³¢W¡à¹ã¡ú t¡àì¹ &\> "à[Ạ>º¤à¹ã [\ºà¹š¹à [Å«ºR¡îº ƒàìÎ šøA¡àÅ A¡¹à¹ ƒà[Úâ« NøÒo A¡[¹ìº¡ú ët¡*òA¡ ÎÒàÚ A¡[¹ìº
®¡àK¸¹ "ìÞÈot¡ "Òà Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¡ú ël¡A¡àÒü [>\¹ "à> &\> ¤> [¤ÈÚà [á. &á. šå¹A¡àÚÑ‚Ò¡ü ú 1934 W¡>¹š¹à
Îà³à>¸ "à>åË¡à[>A¡ [ÅÛ¡àì¹Òü &A¡àNøt¡à, 'A¡à[”zA¡t¡à "à¹ç¡ 1940 W¡>¹ [®¡t¡¹t¡ Flora of Assam J> šòàW¡i¡à Jr¡t¡
&A¡[>Ë¡àì¹ [>\ìA¡ &ì> &i¡à Ñz¹îº "àP¡¯àÒü íº K’º šøA¡àÅ íÒ *ºàº¡ú 1929 W¡>t¡ "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Ê¡t¡ ë™àK
™à¹ ¤àì¤ ëƒÅ¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ Òü[t¡Òàι W¡¹A¡à¹ã ƒÑzàì¤\t¡ ët¡*ò¹ [ƒÚà Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü Flora of Assam J> šøA¡àÅ
>à³ ‘ëÎàoàºã "àJì¹’ì¹ [ºJà íÒìá¡ú ëÒà¯àîºìA¡ [™[¤ºàA¡ ³à>åÒ¹ ºKt¡ A¡à³ A¡¹à¹ Îåì™àK šàìº,
>º¤à¹ã [\ºà¹ ëƒïAå¡[á Kò௹ [=¹ç¡ ël¡A¡à "à¹ç¡ "[´¬A¡à ëÎÒü[¤ºàA¡ ³à>åÒ¹ ÎÒì™àKt¡ "à>åË¡à[>A¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>¹
ël¡A¡à¹ ³à\å šåy¹ê¡ìš 1907 W¡>t¡ Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¹ \–µ šø[ÅÛ¡o >=A¡àîA¡* [¤ÈÚìi¡à¹ šøàÚ[¤ºàA¡ šøàìÚà[KA¡ [ÅÛ¡à
ÒÚ¡ú ëƒl¡üt¡àA¡¹ "A¡àº [¤ìÚàK¹ ¤àì¤ "à[=¢A¡ íƒ>¸Òü ëƒJà &ì>ƒì¹ "àÚv¡ A¡[¹ìº ë™ l¡ü[Š±ƒ Î}NøÒ, >³å>à šøÑtñ ¡ A¡¹à,
[ƒÚàt¡ ël¡A¡à¹ "à>åË¡à[>A¡ [ÅÛ¡à ë¤[áƒè¹ "àP¡¯à¤ [W¡>àv¡û¡ A¡¹à "à¹ç¡ >³å>à Î}¹Û¡o¹ &\> [¤ìÅÈ`¡ íÒ l¡ü[k¡º¡ú
ë>à¯à[¹ìº¡ú Òü}¹à\ã [¤ÈÚ ë>àìÒà¯àîA¡ìÚ ël¡A¡à¹ "à[ẠºàìÒ ºàìÒ ëƒÅ¹ ¹à\î>[t¡A¡ š[¹ì¤Åt¡ š[¹¤t¢¡>
ëA¡¯º &³. [®¡. ÑHºæ ¹ [ÅÛ¡à¡ú 17 ¤á¹ ¤ÚÎt¡ A¡³¢Î}Ñ‚à>¹ "à[Ò¤îº ‹[¹ìº¡ú &[ƒ> ëƒìŠѬà‹ã>t¡à šàìº "à¹ç¡
ÎÞê¡à>t¡ ël¡A¡à *ºàº[Ò "γ¹ ët¡[t¡Ú๠¹à\‹à>ã [Å«ºR¡t¡ Òü}¹à\¹ Òàt¡¹š¹à Û¡³t¡à "à[Òº ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ¹ Òàt¡îº¡ú
"à¹ç¡ 1929 W¡>¹ ëÅȹ ó¡àìº "àáà³ ó¡ì¹Êt¡ "à¯Å¸A¡ Flora of Assam J> šøA¡àÅ ëÒà¯à¹ šàṚ¹àÒü "àáà³
ëÒà¯à ëA¡Òüi¡à³à> šƒ¹ &i¡à šƒt¡ ³A¡¹º Ò’º¡ú ët¡*ò¹ A¡à³ ó¡ì¹Ê¡¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>¹ ÅàJàìi¡àt¡ Kì¯Èoà³èºA¡ A¡à³-A¡à\
Ò’º Flora of Assam –"¹ ƒà[Úâ« ëºà¯à [š. [á. šøàÚ Ñ‚[¤¹ íÒ š[¹[ạú ÒüÚ๠l¡üš[¹* ÅàJàìi¡àt¡ Flora
A¡à[gºàº¹ ¤àì¤ l¡üv¡¹-šè¤à¢ e¡º¹ [¤[®¡Ä šøà”z¹š¹à l¡ü[Š±ƒ of Assam – "¹ ¤àì¤ Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ [W¡>àv¡û¡ A¡[¹ ë=à¯à
Î}NøÒ A¡¹à "à¹ç¡ ëÎÒü[¤ºàA¡A¡ [W¡>àv¡û¡ A¡[¹¤¹ ¤àì¤ "à¯Å¸A¡ šøàÚ še¡[ºá Òà\๠"[t¡ ³èº¸¤à> l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>๠[A¡ A¡¹à
ëÒà¯à W¡à[¹[yA¡ í¤[ÅÊ¡¸ "à[ƒ¹ í¤`¡à[>A¡ t¡=¸ "àÒ¹o A¡¹à¡ú Ò’¤ t¡à¹ P¡oà-Kò=à W¡[º "à[Ạ; A¡à¹o "γ ¤> [¤®¡àK
[¤®¡àKt¡ ë™àK [ƒìÚÒü Òü}¹à\ã >\>๠γθàÒü ëƒJà [ƒ[ẠKì¯Èoà³èºA¡ ÅàJà &i¡à¹ ¹J๠¤¹ &i¡à šÛ¡šàt¡ã >à[ạú
ël¡A¡à¹ ΖµåJt¡, A¡à¹o *š¹¹ ¤×ìA¡Òü\> [¤ÈÚà "à[Ạ"à>Òàìt¡ ¤õ[i¡á W¡¹A¡àì¹ 1890 W¡>t¡ A¡[ºA¡t¡àt¡
[¤ø[i¡á "à¹ç¡ Flora of Assam – "¹ še¡³ Jr¡¹ ¤àì¤ šø[t¡Ë¡à A¡¹à ‘®¡à¹t¡ãÚ l¡ü[Š±ƒ \¹ãš’ [¤®¡àKìi¡à [¤ø[i¡á P¡[W¡
A¡à³ A¡[¹ =A¡à >Kà šøìƒÅ¹ ¹à\î>[t¡A¡ [¤ÈÚà t¡=à QàÒü ë™à¯à¹ šàát¡ &ºàKã íÒ š[¹ "à[Ạ"à¹ç¡ Ѭà‹ã> ®¡à¹t¡
ëKày¹ [¤ìÅÈ`¡ &>. &º. ¤ì¹à "à[Ạ[¤ø[i¡á [¤ÈÚà¡ú W¡¹A¡àì¹ ÒüÚàA¡ šå>¹ç¡ðã[¯t¡ A¡¹à¹ A¡=à ®¡à[¯[ạú t¡à¹
37 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
A¡à™¢¤¸¯Ñ‚à¹ê¡ìš 29 ³àW¢¡, 1954 W¡>t¡ A¡[ºA¡t¡àt¡ ³åJ¸ ÒüÚ๠[®¡t¡¹t¡ ët¡*ò¹ >KàšàÒ๠"à¹ç¡ šài¡A¡àÒü šàÒ๹
A¡à™¢àºÚ¹ [·ý¡à”zì¹ "à> W¡à[¹i¡à ÅàJà A¡à™¢àºÚ št¡à¹ Î}NøÒìi¡à "à[Ạ[¤ìÅÈ®¡àì¯ l¡üìÀJì™àK¸¡ú
[·ý ¡ à”z ëºà¯à ÒÚ¡ú l¡ü v ¡¹-šè ¤ ¢ à e¡º¹ l¡ü [ Š± ƒ Aå ¡ º¹ šøoàºã¤‡ý¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>¹ (Plant Taxonomy)
[W¡>àv¡û¡A¡¹o, >à³A¡¹o¹ ºKìt¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ šø\à[t¡ì¤à¹¹ >³å>à Kì¯Èoàt¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒì¤à¹ šøAõ¡[t¡¹š¹à Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ ">àìi¡à
Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ &[i¡ "à”z@¹àÊ¡öãÚ ³à>¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>à Î}NøÒàºÚ [™³à> P¡¹ç¡â«šèo¢ t¡à¹ šàá¹ š™¢àÚt¡, ë™ì> – >³å>àìi¡à
šø[t¡Ë¡à¹ [·ý¡à”zì¹ 1 &[šøº, 1956 W¡>t¡ [Å«ºR¡t¡ l¡üš™åv¡û¡®¡àì¯ ít¡Ú๠A¡¹à, Î}¹Û¡o A¡¹à "à¹ç¡ Ç¡‡ý¡
®¡à¹t¡ãÚ l¡ü[Š±ƒ \¹ãš [¤®¡àK¹ &i¡à ÅàJà Ñ‚àš> A¡¹à Ò’º¡ú [W¡>àv¡û¡A¡¹o "[‹A¡ P¡¹ç¡â«šèo¢¡ú &Òü ÎA¡ìºà[¤ºàA¡ "à[áº
"γ ¤> [¤®¡àKt¡ "A¡³¢o¸ íÒ =A¡à l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>¹ ël¡A¡à¹ >Jƒš¢ot¡¡ú Ká-Ká[>¹ ºKt¡, ët¡*ò¹ K®¡ã¹
ÅàJàìi¡à¹ ºKìt¡ \¹ãš [¤®¡àKìi¡à¹ šøÑzà[¯t¡ Î}NøÒàºÚ¹ δšA¢¡ K[Øn¡ l¡ü[k¡[ạú [¤[®¡Ä ‹¹o¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ á[¤ ët¡*ò
šøà=[³A¡ δšƒ¹ê¡ìš ëºà¯à Ò’º Flora of Assam "¹ "òà[A¡[áº, [>\¹ \à³¢à> ëA¡ì³¹àìi¡àì¹ [¤[®¡Ä l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹
¤àì¤ Î}KõÒãt¡ šøàÚ še¡[Àá Òà\๠l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>àA¡¡ú \¹ãš ó¡ìi¡à tå¡[º[ạú [™ ¤õÒ; š[¹³ào¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ ël¡A¡àÒü \ã[¯t¡
[¤®¡àKìi¡àt¡ ƒÛ¡t¡à "à¹ç¡ "[®¡`¡t¡à¹ [®¡[v¡t¡ Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àA¡ >àÒü¤à >³å>à¹ê¡ìš "γ l¡ü[Š±ƒ Î}NøÒàºÚîº Î}NøÒ A¡[¹
ë\¸Ë¡ í¤`¡à[>A¡ ÎÒàÚA¡¹ê¡ìš ³A¡¹º A¡¹à Ò’º¡ú "๴± "à[>[áº, ëÎÒü ÎA¡ìºà[¤ºàA¡ì¹Òü l¡üš™åv¡û¡ [W¡>àv¡û¡A¡¹o¹
Ò’º >tå¡> "[®¡™à>, >tå¡> ™àyà¡ú &Òü¤à¹ Î}ì™à[\t¡ ¤¸¯Ñ‚à A¡¹à íÒ[ạú ët¡*ò Î}NøÒ A¡¹à >³å>àì¤à¹
[A¡áå³à> >tå¡> >tå¡> k¡àÒü, [A¡áå³à> "\à> šøà”z¹¡ú l¡ü[Š±ƒ "à[\îºìA¡ ëƒÅ¹ >à³aºà "ìºJ [¤`¡à>ãìÚ [¤[®¡Ä
Î}NøÒàºÚt¡ >³å>๠Î}J¸à še¡[Àá Òà\๹ š¹à yû¡³à; A¡à¹ot¡ [¤[®¡Ä γÚt¡ "‹¸Ú> A¡[¹ìá¡ú "[t¡ P¡¹ç¡â«šèo¢
¤à[Øn¡¤îº ‹[¹ìº¡ú "à”z@¹àÊ¡öãÚ ëÅøo㤇ý¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>ã A¡=àìi¡à Ò’º – Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü l¡üv¡¹-šè¤ [¤[®¡Ä šøà”z¹š¹à
Î}т๠ºKt¡ γ[³[t¡ ¹Û¡à A¡[¹¤¹ ¤àì¤ Î}NøÒàºÚìi¡à Î}NøÒ A¡¹à \ã[¯t¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ "à¹ç¡ t¡à¹ >³å>àì¤à¹¹ š¹à >tå¡>
šgãÚ> A¡ì¹à¯à Ò’º "à¹ç¡ "à”z@¹àÊ¡öãÚ Î}Ñ‚àÒü ÒüÚ๠15 i¡à šø\à[t¡ "à¹ç¡ &i¡à 뮡¹àÒü[i¡ ¤à \àt¡ "à[¤ÍHà¹
>à³A¡¹o A¡[¹ìº ‘ASSAM’ ("γ) Î}NøÒàºÚ¡ú íÒìá¡ú ÒüÚ๠"àKîºìA¡ &Òü šø\à[t¡[¤ºàA¡¹ [¤ÈìÚ [¤`¡à>
"à>åË¡à[>A¡ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã [Åۡ๠"[¤Òì>* ël¡A¡à [¤®¡àK¹ δšèo¢ "Þê¡A¡à¹t¡ "à[ạú Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¹ Î}NøÒ¹
ÎA¡ìºàì¹ ƒõ[Ê¡t¡ l¡üv¡¹-šè¤¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ [W¡>àv¡û¡A¡¹o¹¹ &\> "à[¤ÍH๠ëÒà¯à >tå¡> šø\à[t¡[¤ºàA¡ Ò’º :
[¤ìÅÈ`¡t¡ š[¹ot¡ íÒ[ạú ëÎÒü¤àì¤ ët¡*òA¡ ÎA¡ìºàì¯ Cotoneaster nagensis (Rosaceae), Mycetia
Living Dictionary "àJ¸à [ƒ¤îº ‹[¹ìº¡ú ºàìÒ ºàìÒ mukharjiana (Rubiaceae), Rhyncoglossum
ët¡*ò¹ ¤¸[v¡û¡Kt¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>๠Î}NøÒ¹ Î}J¸àìi¡à* ¤õÒ; lazulinum (Gesneriaceae), Taxillus assamicus
(Loranthaceae), Trigonostemon chatterjii
"àA¡à¹t¡ ¤à[Øn¡¤îº ‹[¹ìº "à¹ç¡ \¹ãš [¤®¡àKìi¡àt¡ A¡³¢\ã¯>¹
(Euphorbiaceae), Dendrobium Khasianum
Îà³¹[o ³¹àîºìA¡ ëšàÞ꡹ Òà\à¹t¡îA¡ "[‹A¡ >³å>à Î}KõÒãt¡ (Orchidaceae), Eulophia santapaui (Orchidaceae)
Ò’º¡ú ëÎÒüì¤à¹ "à[\* "Û¡t¡ "¯Ñ‚àt¡ "γ l¡ü[Š±ƒ Hedychium calcaratum (Zingiberaceae),
Î}NøÒàºÚt¡ Ιt¡ì>ì¹ Î}¹Û¡o A¡¹à íÒìá¡ú &Òüìi¡àì¯Òü Hedychium rubrum (Zingiberaceae), Deyexia
&\> "γãÚà ³à>åÒ¹‡à¹à A¡¹à Τ¢¤Òõ ; l¡ü[Š±ƒ >³å>๠Î}NøÒ nagarum (Poaceae), Polysthicum heteropaleaceum
(Herbarium Collection)ú (Dryopteridaceae), Hedychium dekianum
\¹ãš [¤®¡àKîº "Ò๠šàát¡ Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü "à> (Zingiberaceae), Pogostemon dasianum
(Lamiaceae), Derris elliptica var. Chittagongensis
&i¡à A¡à³ "[t¡ ƒÛ¡t¡àì¹ šàº> A¡[¹ìº¡ú 1950 W¡>t¡ (Fabaceae), Cryptocarya dekae (Lauraceae),
"γ ¤> [¤®¡àìK "๴± A¡¹à "[A¢¡l¡ Òàl¡üáìi¡à* \¹ãš Hedychium gracillimum (Zingiberaceae) ¡ú
[¤®¡àìK 1956 W¡>t¡ [>\¹ "àÚv¡îº íº "à[Òº¡ú t¡à¹ &¤à¹ Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü "àƒà ëKày¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ &ì\àšà
¤àì¤ ºàK[t¡Úຠ\ã[¯t¡ "[A¢¡l¡ ël¡A¡àÒü l¡üv¡¹-šè¤¢àe¡º¹ \Ú”zãÚà šàÒ๹ ë\à¯àÒü¹ *W¡¹¹š¹à Î}NøÒ A¡[¹[ạú
[¤[®¡Ä k¡àÒü¹š¹à Î}NøÒ A¡[¹ìº "à¹ç¡ l¡üš™åv¡û¡®¡àì¯ ¹ç¡Òü "‹¸Ú>¹ šàát¡ K³ ëšà¯à K’º ë™ Òü "àKìt¡ "à[¤ÍHà¹
"à¹ç¡ [W¡>àv¡û¡ A¡[¹ ëÎÒü[¤ºàA¡A¡ [¤®¡àK¹ "‹ã>t¡ =A¡à
ë>àìÒà¯à Hedychium Ko¹ &i¡à >tå¡> šø\à[t¡ "à¹ç¡
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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
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Hedychium dekianum ú ™àyàA¡àºt¡ Îe¡àºA¡K¹àA¡ã ël¡A¡à¹ Ká-Ká[>¹ `¡à> ëƒ[J
Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¹ \ã¯> A¡àºt¡ šòàW¡J> Kì¯Èoà-šy Òü³à> ΔñÊ Ò’º ë™ A¡[ºA¡t¡àîº l¡ü®¡[t¡ íKìÚ ël¡A¡à¹ W¡àA¡[¹
šøA¡àÅ íÒ[Ạ®¡à¹t¡¹ ³™¢àƒàδšÄ Kì¯Èoà "àìºàW¡>ãt¡¡ú A¡àº šòàW¡ ¤á¹ ¤Øn¡àÒü [ƒìº, A¡à¹o ëÎÒü¤áì¹Òü [>Ú³³ìt¡
"à>åË¡à[>A¡ A¡à[¹A¡¹ã [Åۡ๠"®¡à¯¹ ¤àì¤ Kì¯Èoà- ët¡*ò¹ "¯Î¹¹ ¤á¹ "à[ạú ëÎÒü¤áì¹Òü ¹à[áÚà¹
šyìA¡ÒüJ>t¡ šø=³ ëºJA¡¹ (First author) Aõ¡[t¡â« \Kt¡J¸àt¡ [¤`¡à>ã "à³¢à> &º. i¡àJi¡à\à> "à[Ò[Ạ"γ¹
>àšàìº* ëA¡¯º &³ [®¡ šàá &\> ¤¸[v¡û¡ìÚ [¤`¡à>¹ "¹o¸t¡ Pachylarnax pleiocarpa >à³¹ &ì\àšà ƒåÍßàš¸
ë³ï[ºA¡ Kì¯Èo๠[ƒÅìt¡à "àK¤Øn¡à¤ š¹à &ì> "¯ƒà> Ká W¡à¤îº, A¡à¹o ët¡*ò A¡[¹ =A¡à ‘l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ l¡ü;š[v¡¹ Ñ‚à>’
¤× [Å[Û¡t¡ ³à>åÒ¹ ¤àì¤* "àƒÅ¢¹ A¡à¹o Ò’¤ šà칡ú δšA¢¡ãÚ Kì¯Èo๠¤àì¤ ëÎÒü šø\à[t¡ìi¡à¹ t¡=¸ "àÒ¹o
ël¡A¡à¹ Kì¯Èoà šyìA¡ÒüJ> Ò’º : A¡¹àìi¡à "[t¡ P¡¹ç¡â«šoè ¡¢ ú ®¡à¹t¡ W¡¹A¡à¹¹ t¡¹ó¡¹ š¹à ƒà[Úâ«
1. D. B. Deb & G. K. Deka. 1965. A new spe- š[¹º ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ l¡ü[Š±ƒ \¹ãš [¤®¡àK¹ Òàt¡t¡ "à¹ç¡ Káì\àšà
cies of Trigonostemon Bl. from the Khasi [W¡[> ëšà¯à &A¡³ày ³à>åÒ\> "à[ẠQ>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¡ú ¹ç¡á
Hills, The Indian Forester 91:577-578 [¤`¡à>ã "à¹ç¡ ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ [¤`¡à>ã¹ ƒºìi¡àA¡ ë>tõ¡â« [ƒ íº K’º
2. A. S. Rao & G. K. Deka. 1970. Two New [l¡¤ø¡ç KØl¡ [\ºà¹ \Úšå¹ "¹o¸¹ ³à\ú [A¡”ñ ëA¡àì>à¤à
Adventives to the Shillong Flora, Bulle- ƒåÍ[õH t¡A¡à¹ãìÚ A¡à[i¡ 뚺àÒü[ẠKá[¤ºàA¡ ! ëA¡¯º Ká¹
tin Botanical Survey of India 12 (1-4) : ³ånØ ¡àì¤à¹ W¡àÒü [¤³È¢ ³ì>ì¹ ¹ç¡á [¤`¡à>ãK¹àA¡ã l¡ü®¡[t¡ ™à¤
263-264
ºKà Ò’º¡ú
3. J. Joseph & G. K. Deka. 1972. Trias pusilla
1967 W¡>¹ ëÅȹ ó¡àìº Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àÒü ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ
Joseph et Deka – a new species of Orchid
From Khasi and Jaintia Hills Meghalaya l¡ü[Š±ƒ \¹ãš [¤®¡àK¹š¹à "¯Î¹ NøÒo A¡ì¹¡ú "¯Î¹ NøÒo¹
(Assam), J. Indian Botanical Society [k¡A¡ "àìK "àìK ®è¡i¡à> W¡¹A¡à¹¹š¹à ët¡*òîº &i¡à šøÑzà¯
21:378-380 "à[Òº ë™ "¯Î¹¹ šàát¡ ët¡*ò ®è¡i¡à>¹ ¤> [¤®¡àK¹ ¤àì¤
4. G. Panigrahi, S. Chowdhury, DCS Raju A¡à³ A¡[¹¤ ºàìK¡ú ël¡A¡àÒü ®è¡i¡à>îº ë™à¯à¹ [·ý¡à”z šøàÚ
& G. K. Deka. 1964 – A contribution to íº ëšºàÒü[áº, ëÎÒü γÚìt¡ P¡¯àÒài¡ã [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºÚ¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ
the Botany of Orissa, Bulletin of Botani- [¤`¡à>¹ ³å¹¤ÿ¤ã "‹¸àšA¡ l¡0 [Òìt¡–ƒø >à= ¤¹ç¡¯àÒü ël¡A¡àA¡
cal Survey of India 6:237-266 [¤®¡àK¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ l¡üƒ¸à>J>t¡ ë™àK [ƒÚ๠¤àì¤ ">åì¹à‹
5. J. Joseph & G. K. Deka 1960. Additional \>à캡ú l¡0 ¤¹ç¡¯à¹ ">åì¹à‹ l¡üìšÛ¡à A¡[¹¤ ë>à¯à[¹
Host for Korthalsella opuntia (Thunb.) 1970 W¡>t¡ l¡üƒ¸à>¹ šø=³ "‹ãÛ¡A¡¹ê¡ìš ë™àKƒà>
Merr. Current Science 29 (7) : 292
A¡[¹ìº¡ú ƒå¤á¹ ë>¹àì>ìš¹à ëW¡Ê¡à¹ ó¡ºt¡ ël¡A¡àÒü
Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡à¹ Î}NøÒγèÒ Kì¯Èo๠[ƒÅt¡ [A¡³à>
l¡üƒ¸à>J>¹ &i¡à Îå–ƒ¹ ¹ê¡š [ƒ¤¹ ¤àì¤ ëW¡Ê¡à A¡[¹ìº "à¹ç¡
P¡¹ç¡â«šoè ¢ "à[Ạt¡à¹ šø³ào ¤×t¡ "àìá, ƒåi¡à³à> l¡üƒàÒ¹ìoÒü
1972 W¡>t¡ t¡à¹š¹à "¤¸àÒ[t¡ íº P¡¯àÒài¡ã [W¡[¹ÚàJà>à¹
ÒüÚ๠¤àì¤ ™ì=Ê¡ú ëƒÅ¹ &\> >à³aºà l¡ü[Š±ƒ [¤`¡à>ã l¡0
l¡ü[Š±ƒì¤à¹ [W¡>àv¡û¡ A¡[¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ Î}NøÒàºÚìi¡à [W¡[\º A¡¹à¹
&>. [š. ¤àºàAõ¡Ì¡ìo (Flora of Jowai) >à³¹ Kì¯Èoà
ƒà[Úâ« ºÚ¡ú 1973 W¡>t¡ [¤[ÅÊ [W¡y [>³¢àt¡à, "[®¡ì>t¡à
Nø”J‚ >¹ ®è¡[³A¡àt¡ [º[Jìá – the self-taught botanist
"à¹ç¡ š[¹W¡àºA¡ A塺ƒà A塳๠®¡j¡àW¡à™¢Òü Fauna and Flora
G. K. Deka (1930-1983), who made extensive
collections and added, perhaps one of the largest of Assam >à³¹ &J> l¡Aå¡ì³ìsi¡[¹ šøÑñt¡ A¡ì¹òàìt¡ l¡ü[Š±ƒ
collections of plants from Khasi and Jaintia Hills [¤ìÅÈ`¡¹ê¡ìš Q>A¡à”z ël¡A¡àA¡ ët¡*ò¹ ÎÒì™àKã¹ê¡ìš íº[áº
to the Forest Herbarium¡ú 1964 W¡>t¡ ®¡à¹t¡ãÚ l¡ü[Š±ƒ "à¹ç¡ "γ¹ ‹å¤å¹ã¹š¹à Å[ƒÚàîºìA¡ [¤[®¡Ä Ñ‚à>t¡ Å«å[i¡}
\¹ãš [¤®¡àK¹ Îe¡àºA¡ A¡[ºA¡t¡à¹ ³åJ¸ A¡à™¢àºÚ¹ š¹à [Å«º} A¡[¹ &J> "[t¡ Îó¡º [W¡y [>³¢ào A¡[¹[ạú [>³¢àt¡à,
³àr¡[ºA¡ A¡à™¢àºÚ š[¹ƒÅ¢>¹ ¤àì¤ "à[Òº¡ú Îe¡àºA¡ "à[Ạš[¹W¡àºA¡ ®¡j¡àW¡à™¢¹ ³ìt¡ ël¡A¡à¹š¹à ët¡*ò [™ ‹¹o¹
ó¡àƒà¹ l¡0 ëÒ>[¹ áà>i¡àšàl¡ü >à³¹ &\> ëÑš[>á šàƒå[¹ ÎÒì™à[Kt¡à šàÒü[Ạt¡=à l¡üv¡¹-šè¤¹ l¡ü[Š±ƒ¹ [¤ÈìÚ =A¡à
"à¹ç¡ "à”z@¹àÊ¡öãÚ J¸à[t¡Î´šÄ l¡ü[Š±ƒ[¤`¡à>ã¡ú l¡0 áà>i¡àšàl¡ü ët¡*ò¹ K®¡ã¹ ƒJìºà á[¤Jì> ¤¸àšA¡ Îó¡ºt¡à ºà®¡ A¡¹à¹
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39 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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š¹à ®¡àÈo Ç¡[> ">à-"γãÚà ®¡àÈãÎA¡º "àÆW¡™¢à[Þt¡ ƒì¹ ³å[v¡û¡ Î}Nøà³t¡ l¡üšoãt¡ Ò’¤îº Î}Kãìt¡* ³à>[ÎA¡®¡àì¯
íÒ[ạú šøÎ}Kìt¡ A¡*ò ë™ – ¹à®¡à &K¹àA¡ã ®¡àÈà[¤ƒ šøÑtñ ¡ A¡[¹¤ šàì¹ t¡àìA¡ ƒÅ¢ìA¡ "àÚâ« A¡[¹[ạú ¹à®¡à¹
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l¡üš[¹* Òü}¹à\ã, [Ò–ƒã, ¤R¡àºã, l¡ü[Øl¡Úà, 뮡à\šå¹ãìA¡ A¡q¡ƒàì>¡ú Òà¹ì³à[>Úà³t¡ "àRå¡[º¹ ë¤àìº Î}Kãt¡¹ t¡à>
‹[¹ Τ¢³åk¡ 17 i¡à ®¡àÈà ³àtõ¡®¡àÈ๠ƒì¹Òü A¡¤ šà[¹[ạú l¡üì–µàW¡> A¡¹à Û¡oìt¡ Î}Kãt¡ìšø³ã ƒÅ¢ìA¡ A¡¹t¡à[ºì¹ ¹à®¡àA¡
³> A¡[¹¤ ºKãÚà ë™ – "γãÚà ®¡àÈàìt¡à ¹à®¡àìƒì¯ t¡;γ δ±àÈo \>àÒü[ạú šøt¡å ¸w¹t¡ ¹à®¡àÒü ëÅøàt¡àÎA¡ºA¡ [¤>Úã
Ŧ¹ >¤ãA¡¹o A¡[¹ ¤× Îåº[ºt¡ Ŧ-δ±à¹ Îõ[Ê A¡[¹[ạú A¡ìq¡ "[®¡>–ƒ> \>àìº, ‘"àìšà>àìºàA¡¹ l¡ü;ÎàÒ-
It is a multi-lingual column. Our valued writers can contribute write-ups in any of the four
languages — English, Assamese, Bengali and Hindi. — Editor.

41 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


l¡ü „ ãš>๠"àÅãÎ íº [Å¿ã íÒìáò à , ëÎìÚìÒ Kãt¡ š[¹ì¤Å> A¡¹à¹ ƒì¹ ¹à®¡à¹ Î}Kãt¡ ëA¡àì>à šo¸
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A¡³¢ã¡ "à¹ç¡ ëºJA¡¡ú)
Career Tabloid
STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION
BRIEF NOTICE
JUNIOR TRANSLATORS (COLS) EXAMINATION, 2009
F. No. 3/01/2009-P&P. Staff Selection Commissior’) will 4. Educational Qualification (As on 21.02.2009):
hold on Sunday, the 24th May, 2009. an open competitive Essential :
examination all over country, for recruitment to the post Masters Degree of a recognized University or equivalent
of Junior Translator (CSOLS) in the pay band of Rs. 9300- in Hindi or English with English or
34800 plus Rs. 4200 (Grade Pay). Hindi as a compulsory or elective subject or as, a medium
2. Number of Vacancies : The number of vacancies will- of examination at degree level. OR
be determined later: Reservations will be made as per Masters Degree of a recognized University or equivalent
Govt. Orders for S.C. ST, OBC, etc. in any subject other than Hindi or English with Hindi or
3. Age Limits ( As on 21.02.2009 ): Not exceeding 30 English medium and English or Hindi as a compulsory or
years. Usual age relaxation will be admissible to SC, ST,
OBC, PH. ExS, etc. as per Government Orders in force. (Contd. on Page 48 )

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 42
¤[”z³àºà 냯ã

[áày-áàyã¹ ¤×ìt¡Òü ‘¹à®¡à [ƒ¯Î’ >àì³ì¹ l¡üƒô™àš> ëÒà¯à ">åË¡à>ìi¡à¹ A¡=à \àì> –
[ÅÇ¡ "¯Ñ‚àt¡ ¤à [A¡ìÅà¹-™å¯A¡ "¯Ñ‚àt¡ [¤[®¡Ä šøA¡àì¹ "}Å NøÒìoà A¡[¹ìá ! [A¡”ñ, [A¡³à>
áày-áàyãìÚ šøAõ¡t¡ "=¢t¡ &Òü\>à ¤¸[v¡û¡¹ [¤¹º ¤¸[v¡û¡â«¹ [¤ÈìÚ \à[>¤îº "àNøÒ šøA¡àÅ
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43 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 44
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45 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 46
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47 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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(Contd. from Page 42) Staff Selection Commission
elective subject or as a medium of examination at degree to English and vice-versa from a recognised University.
level. OR 5. Fee: Rs. 100/- (Rupees One Hundred only) No fee for
Masters Degree of a recognized University or equivalent Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe,
in any subject other than Hindi or English with Hindi and Physically Handicapped and Ex-Servicemen.
English as a compulsory or elective subject or either of the two 6. Closing Date : The last date .for receipt of application
as medium of examination and the other as a compulsory or in the concerned Regional/ Sub Regional Office of the
elective subject at degree level. AND Commission will be 20.03.2009. However. for the
(II) Recognised Diploma or certificate Course in candidates residing in remote areas, the last date will be
Translation from Hindi to English and vice-versa or Two 30.03.2009.
years experience of translation work from Hindi to English 7. For,other details, candidates may please refer to the
and vice-versa in Central or State Government Offices detailed Notice for the said Examination published in
including Government of India Undertaking. Employment News/Rojgar Samachar dated 21.02. 2009.
Desirable : (i) Knowledge at the level of Matriculation of a This Notice with Application Format may be downloaded
recognised Board or equivalent of one of the languages other from SSC’s website http://www.ssc.nic.in and can be used
than Hindi mentioned in’ the Eighth Schedule of the by the candidates for making an Application for this
Constitution. (ii) Degree or Diploma in translation from Hindi Examination. © davp

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 48
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49 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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šø=³ Îèyšàt¡ 1922 & n¡àA¡à [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºìÚ¹ \KÄà= ³à[oìA¡¹ ëáài¡ K¿ :
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ºÛ¡o¡ú "[®¡\àt¡ ëÅøoã ¤õv¡ ëáìØl¡ Îà[Ò[t¡¸A¡ ¤à γàì\¹ ¤ì–ƒàšà‹¸àìÚ¹ &Òü šø=³ "à[¤®¢¡à¤¡ú t¡J> [t¡[> áày,
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[ÒÎàì¤ [>ìÚ* t¡òà샹 [>\Ѭ ëÅøoã ëW¡t¡>à, ³‹¸[¤v¡ "¤àÑz¤ ‘"t¡Îã³à³ã* ">¸à>¸ K¿’¡ú &Òü Î}A¡ºì> ¹ìÚìá –
51 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
"t¡Îã³à³ã, ë>A¡ã, ¤õÒv¡¹ * ³Òv¡¹, [Åšø๠"š³õt塸, ή¡¸t¡à¹ &A¡i¡à ëW¡àJ ‹òà‹àì>à ¹ê¡š "àìá – [A¡”ñ "àØl¡àìº
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ë¹à³à[si¡A¡ [A¡”ñ ëA¡à> "àØl¡Êt¡à ë>Òü, ¤à׺¸ ¤[\¢t¡¡ú [A¡áåi¡à Nø[”‚ Jåìº ‹¹à¹ ëW¡Ê¡à¡ú
Òül¡üì¹àšãÚ K¿¹ã[t¡¹ šø®¡à¤ ¹ìÚìá¡ú ³à[oA¡ tå¡ìº ‹¹ìt¡ [¤[W¡y Ѭà샹 t¡ò๠K¿ Î}A¡º> ‘ë¤ï’¡ú ë³ài¡ 13
W¡ìÚìá> \ã¤> * ή¡¸t¡à¹ ®¡àr¡à[³ ®¡‰ ³åìJàìŹ ³‹¸[¤v¡ [i¡ K¿ ¹ìÚìá Î}A¡ºì>¡ú &Òü ë¤ï¹à γàì\¹ [¤[®¡Ä
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Î}A¡º>¡ú ¤ºìt¡ ëKìº ³à[oìA¡¹ Îà[Òt¡¸ J¸à[t¡ &Òü [t¡ìº [t¡ìº Û¡ìÚ ™àÚ, ëA¡l¡ü¤à [¤ì‰à[Ò>ã ÒÚ, "àuQàt¡ã
šøàîK[t¡Òà[ÎìA¡¹ \>¸¡ú \ã¤> ¹Òìθ¹ &A¡i¡à ÑšÊ "஡àÎ ÒÚ¡ú ³à>åìȹ šågã®è¡t¡ šàš * ¤¸[®¡W¡àì¹¹ ¤[º ÒÚ >à¹ã,
K¿ P¡ìºàìt¡ óå¡ìi¡ l¡ük¡º¡ú šøàîK[t¡Òà[ÎA¡ "Þê¡A¡à¹ &A¡i¡à [¹v¡û¡t¡à, ¤[e¡ìt¡¹ "àt¡¢>àƒ K¿ P¡ìºàìA¡ \[i¡º
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‘[³[Ò * ë³ài¡à A¡à[Ò>ã’¡ú K¿P¡ìºà Òº – [i¡A¡[i¡[A¡, \ã¤> \åìlØ ¡ ë™ ™åì‡ý¡¹ Û¡t¡, \¹à¹ [W¡Òû¡ "àÎìº t¡à γàì\¹
[¤šâ—ãA¡, áàÚà, Òàt¡, [¤Øl¡´¬>à, ¤A¡³à[¹, A¡[¤ * ®¡àÑHì¹¹ &A¡ ¡®¡Uå¹ ¹ê¡š, ³õt¡å ¸ ë™> šàìÚ šàìÚ \[l¡ìÚ ¹àìJ – t¡¤å
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šø[t¡[Ë¡t¡ A¡ì¹, [A¡”ñ &Jàì>Òü t¡à¹ ëÅÈ š[¹W¡Ú >Ú, t¡à¹ ³Òà™å‡ý¡ * ƒå[®¢¡ìÛ¡¹ ši¡®è¡[³ìt¡ ¹[W¡t¡ K¿ Nø”‚
"¤ìW¡t¡> ³ì>¹ [yû¡ÚàÚ "ì>A¡ [¤Aõ¡t¡, "[¤Å«àθ &¤} 뮡\ມú ®¡ÚS¡¹, ë¹à³àX, ‹> \>-ë™ï¤>, ³åìJ ®¡àt¡,
Qõo¸ Qi¡>à* A¡t¡ ÎÒì\ Qìi¡ ™àÚ – "àÎìº ³ì>à[¤ìÅÃÈìo¹ ë³ìÚ, [ƒìÅÒà¹à Ò[¹>ã, ³õt¡\ì> ëƒÒ šøào, ë™ ¤òàW¡àÚ,
‹à¹à¤à[ÒA¡t¡àÚ & K¿P¡ìºà ¹[W¡t¡ ÒìÚìá¡ú [>\ šà[ºt¡ [¤ºàγ>, ¤àÎ * Ѭà³ã Ñ|ã – &Òü &Kà¹[i¡ Kì¿ š[¹šà[i¡
A¡>¸à¹ ëšø³ "àA¡àTà A¡ì¹ K쿹 >àÚA¡ l¡üšº[§¡ A¡ì¹ ë™ ®¡‰ \ã¤ì>¹ "àØl¡àìº ³à>åìȹ A¡ƒ¢³àv¡û¡ ë™ [ƒA¡ W¡àšà šìØl¡
Τ [A¡áå¹ š¹ – ‘‘"àìá Ç¡‹å ">à[ƒ, ">”z * ÅàÅ«t¡ =àìA¡ ³à[oA¡ t¡àìA¡Òü ¹ê¡šà[Út¡ A¡¤à¹ ëW¡Ê¡à A¡ì¹ìá>¡ú
ëšø³, šÇ¡ šàJã, ³à>åÈìA¡ "àÅøÚ A¡[¹Úà* ë™ ëšø³ [W¡¹A¡àº ‘še¡àìŹ ƒå[®¢¡ìÛ¡ ³à>åìȹ \ã¤ì> ë™ ®¡àU> ëƒJà
[>ì\¹ γNøt¡à ¤\àÚ ¹à[JÚàìá¡ú’’ [ƒìÚ[áº, ™åì‡ý¡¹ Î³Ú ³à>åìȹ >ã[t¡ì¤à‹ ë™ [Å[=º ÒìÚ
1939 Îàìº šøA¡à[Åt¡ ÒÚ ³à[oA¡ ¤ì–ƒ¸àšà‹¸àìÚ¹ šìØl¡[áº, &P¡[º t¡à¹Òü š[¹W¡Ú¡ú
K¿ Î}A¡º> ‘ιãÎõš’, 12 [i¡ K¿ – ³Òà\>, ¤>¸à, 1353 í¤ÅàìJ, Î}ìA¡t¡ ®¡¤> ë=ìA¡ ¤à}ºà¹
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ëšø³, [ƒA¡ š[¹¤t¢¡>, >ƒã¹ [¤ì‰àÒ, ³Òà¤ã¹ * "¤ºà¹ A¡àº š¹Ç¡¹ K¿’ Nø”‚[i¡ šøA¡à[Åt¡ ÒÚ¡ú &Jàì> "àìá –
A¡=à, ƒå[i¡ ëáàj K¿ (ë¤à³à * šà=¢A¡¸) ιãÎõš¡ú ³à>¤ "à\A¡àº š¹Ç¡¹ K¿, ƒå@ÅàÎ>ãÚ, >³å>à, ¤åØl¡ã, ëKàšàº
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 52
Åàγº, ³Uºà, ë>Åà, ë¤Øl¡à, t¡à¹š¹?, Ѭà=¢š¹ * šøìÚà\> ëÅøoã Î}Nøà³ "๠Î}Kk¡> Å[v¡û¡¡ú ‘³à[i¡¹ ³àÇ¡º’
®¡ã¹ç¡¹ ºØl¡àÒü, Åyç¡-[³y, ¹àQ¤ ³àºàA¡à¹, ™àìA¡ QåÈ & "àìá šì>¹[i¡ K¿¡ú Ѭà‹ã>t¡à¹ š¹ "àÅà ®¡ìU ³‹¸[¤v¡
[ƒìt¡ ÒÚ, Aõ¡šà³Ú Îà³”z, ë>Øl¡ã, Îà³gθ¡ú ">àÒàì¹ ³à>åìȹ \ã¤> Î}Nøೡú [W¡¹àW¡[¹t¡ [¤Å«àÎ Aå¡ Î}ÑH๠*
šã[Øl¡t¡ ³à>åÈ ¤òàW¡à¹ "àÅàÚ ÅÒì¹ [KìÚ l¡üìk¡ìá¡ú ëÎJàì> ³à>åìȹ ³ì>¹ ®¡ÚìA¡ 몧 A¡ì¹ &A¡ƒº ³à>åÈ Jå¤ l¡üšì¹
A¡[k¡> šàÈàì>¹ ³ìt¡à [¤A¡à¹Òã> ³à>[ÎA¡t¡à, – [>t¡à”z l¡ük¡ìt¡ W¡àÚ &Jàì>Òü ³à[oìA¡¹ "àìšàÈÒã> ë\[ƒ \ã¤>
"àÅøÚ Åèo¸t¡à¡ú 뮡ìU šØl¡à ³à>åÈ샹 [>ìÚ Ç¡¹ç¡ ÒÚ ëW¡t¡>à K쿹 ši¡®è¡[³ ít¡[¹ A¡ì¹¡ú ³à[oA¡ ¤ì–ƒ¸àšà‹¸àìÚ¹
"àì¹A¡ ƒº ³à>åìȹ Îã³àÒã> ëºà쮡¹ A¡à¹¤à¹, A¡àìºà ‘ëáài¡ ¤A塺 šåì¹¹ ™àyã’ &A¡ ">>¸ K¿ Î}A¡º>¡ú
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"Þê¡A¡àì¹ ³à>åÈ [³[ºìÚ ™àìZá¡ú [A¡”ñ &Jàì>Òü ëÅÈ >Ú, šåì¹¹ ™àyã’ K¿[i¡¡ú [¤ÈÚ¤Ññ "à[UA¡ &¤} >ài¡A¡ãÚt¡àÚ
³àA¢¡ÎãÚ [ÅÛ¡àÚ ³à[>A¡ ³à>åìȹ ³ì‹¸ ëƒìJìá> ë¤òìW¡ K¿[i¡ W¡³;A¡à¹¡ú t¡J> A¡[³l¡ü[>Ê šà[i¢¡ Ѭà‹ã> ®¡à¹ìt¡ ë¤-
*k¡à¹ &A¡ "ƒ³¸ "àA¡àTà – ™à A¡àìº A¡àìº šø[t¡ì¹àì‹ "àÒü>ã ëQà[Èt¡ ÒìÚìá¡ú &Òü ši¡®è¡[³ìt¡¡ W¡àÈã샹 ®è¡[³¹
Î}Q¤‡ý¡ ÒìÚ l¡üìk¡[ạú ‘‘... ƒå[®¢¡ìÛ¡ ³Þ”zì¹ Òt¡¤º l¡üš¹ "[‹A¡àì¹¹ ºØl¡àÒü &Òü šì¤¢¹ [¤ÈÚ¤Ññ ÒìÚ l¡üìk¡ìá¡ú
³à>åìȹ "à¤à¹ >tå¡> l¡üƒ¸ì³ ë\ìK l¡üìk¡ìá, &Òü ¤[ºË¡ ‘ë³\à\’ K¿ Î}A¡ºì>¹ Kì¿ &A¡Òü ®¡àì¤ W¡àÈã샹 \ã¤>
Îå¹ [>ìÚÒü ³à[oA¡ K¿ Îõ[Ê A¡ì¹ìá>¡ú’’ A¡=à – t¡à샹 Î}Nøà³ã šøt¡¸Ú óå¡ìi¡ l¡üìk¡ìá¡ú ‘ëó¡[¹*Úàºà’
1946 Îຠ– ƒå[®¢¡Û¡¹ A¡¹àº áàÚàÚ ¤à}ºà¹ \>- K¿ Î}A¡ºì> "àìá ¤à¹[i¡ K¿¡ú K쿹 [¤ÈÚ ¤Ññìt¡ ¹ìÚìá
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Î}Q ëÎ[ƒ> ³õt塸šo ë¹ìJ ³à>åìȹ šàìÅ ƒòà[Øl¡ìÚ ºìØl¡ìá K¿ [>ìÚ &Òü Î}A¡º>¡ú &Òü K¿P¡ìºà¹ ³ì‹¸ γà\
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"àκ A¡=à &A¡i¡à ëÅøoãÒã> ëÅàÈo³åv¡û¡ γà\ KØl¡à¹ Ѭš— A¡¹à ÒìÚìá – Åø³\ã¤ã ³à>åìȹ "àƒÅ¢ * í¤[ÅÊ¡¸ &Òü
t¡à샹 ³ì> \à[KìÚ tå¡ìºìá¡ú &Jàì>Òü ³à[oìA¡¹ >tå¡> šì¤¢¹ ³èº "àA¡È¢o¡ú
l¡üv¡¹o t¡à¹ K쿹 [ƒAô¡ š[¹¤t¡¢>¡ú ¤àì¹à[i¡ K¿ [>ìÚ Îìt¡¹[i¡ K¿ Î}A¡ºì> ë³ài¡ &A¡Å Îàt¡àv¡¹[i¡ K¿
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šì¤¢¹ ëÅøË¡ K¿ ‘[Å¿ã’¡ú š™¢”z W¡à¹[i¡ ¤õÒ; Î}A¡º> Nø”‚ šøA¡à[Åt¡ ÒìÚìá¡ú šø=³
‘J[t¡Úà>’ K¿ Î}A¡ºì>¹ ƒÅ[i¡ Kì¿ ¤ìÚìá Î}A¡º> 1950 Îì> ë¤Uº šà¤[ºÅà΢ ë=ìA¡ šøA¡à[Åt¡,
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/ 54
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55 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


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ѬãAõ¡[t¡ [ƒÚà &ƒº ³à>åÒ¹ ¤åAå¡t¡ ƒåºà¯t¡ã "à¹ç¡ t¡àÒü¹ ƒåºà¯t¡ãìÚ &i¡à K®¡ã¹ ׳å[>ÚàÒ A¡à[Øn¡ º’¹àìi¡àA¡ ëJà¯à¤Ññ
ëA¡àºà¹ ëAò¡W塯àìi¡à &[ƒ> ‘Ç¡‡ý¡’ Ò’º¡ú [A¡”ñ \–µìt¡ [™ ™t¡>àÒü [ƒÚàt¡ ºà[Kº¡ú
"Ç¡‡ý¡t¡à t¡à¹ Òàt¡-®¡[¹ìA¡ ‹[¹ δšèo¢ "¤Ú¤t¡ šøA¡i¡ íÒ
(56 šõË¡àîº)
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 58
"àW¡ºìt¡ ®¡àºìšà¯à¹ ëA¡àì>à
Î}`¡àÒü ëÒì>à tå¡[³ >à\à>à....
³àº[¤A¡à ƒàÎ Òà\[¹A¡à

Åãt¡¹ l¡ü³àº ¹’ƒ l¡üaº


ƒå¤[¹¹ ¤åAå¡t¡ ëůàºã ιà &[i¡ [ƒ>t¡ ;
šø=³ ºK šàÒü[áìºà ët¡à³àA¡....
ÒüZáà >à[Ạ.... ët¡à³à¹ íÎìt¡
¤Þêå¡â« KØn¡à¹ "=¤à ³’¤àÒüº >ബ๹
[¤[>³Ú A¡¹à¹ ....
A¡à¹o ! ëÎÒü γÚìW¡à¯à "à[áº
ë³à¹ ¤àì¤ ™å‡ý¡¹ [ƒ>t¡îA¡* ®¡ÚS¡¹
³õt塸¹ ™”|oàt¡îA¡* A¡Ê¡A¡¹ .... ¤à[¹È๠šà>ã¹ ƒì¹ ¤à[Øn¡ìº ¤åA塹 Ñš–ƒ>¡ú
"ÎÒ¸ ™”|oàì¹ .... ÒꡃÚJ>A¡ [>\ìA¡ l¡üƒR¡àÒü ëƒJå¯à¤ š¹à
[t¡º[t¡ºîA¡ γà[‹ [ƒ¤îº ët¡à³à¹ ®¡ÚS¡¹ ÎàÒìÎ
¤à‹¸ A¡ì¹à¯à íÒ[Ạyû¡ì³ ë³àA¡ íº K’º ët¡à³à¹ A¡àÈîº....
\ãÚàÒü \ãÚàÒü aºàÒü [ƒÚà íÒ[ẠK®¡ã¹¹ š¹à K®¡ã¹t¡¹îº....
¤Þêå¡â«, ³¹³ "à¹ç¡ ®¡àºìšà¯à Ŧì¤à¹A¡ tå¡[³ A¡’ºà – ‘A¡àì¹à¤àA¡ ëA¡ì>îA¡ ®¡àºšà¤ šà[¹
l¡ü\àK¹ã ¹à[t¡¹ W¡Aå¡šà>ãìÚ íA¡ íK[Ạ"=¤à ®¡àºšàÒü Òꡃڹ "àìšà> A¡[¹¤ šà[¹
³Òü [A¡³à> [>@ÎU, [A¡³à> Åèo¸.... tå¡[³ >à\à>à....
A¡[º\àšå¹à &³å[k¡ áàÒü Òàt¡t¡ íº "àW¡ºìt¡ ®¡àºìšà¯à¹ ëA¡àì>à Î}`¡àÒü ëÒì>à
[¤Èpt¡àì¹ K[Øn¡ìºà ët¡à³à¹ íÎìt¡ š[¹W¡Ú tå¡[³ >à\à>à....
A¡à¹o! [áÄ íÒ ë™à¯à &A¡ [³k¡à "t¡ãt¡¹ "=W¡ [¤W¡à[¹ºà ë³àA¡....
ë™àKÎèy¹ "¯º´¬> A¡[¹¤ Jå[\ìºà ët¡à³àA¡ ë¤[º º[Ò*¯à¹ š¹t¡, >ãØl¡³ååJã šJã¹ Kãt¡t¡
&ÒüÚàÒü Îèyšàt¡ .... ÒÚìt¡à [>Ú[t¡ .... W¡àÒ Ká¹ ³àì\ ³àì\ ÎÞê¡¸à ³àƒº¹ ëW¡¯t¡
\¹ô\¹ôîA¡ W¡Aå¡ì¯[ƒ í¤ =A¡à ë³à¹ A¡à\ºÎ>à W¡A塹 K®¡ã¹t¡àt¡ l¡ü[i¡ K’º....
ët¡\¹R¡à 뤃>àì¤à¹ ³[W¡[áºà ët¡à³à¹ ">审ì¯ì¹, &A¡à”z >ã¹ì¤....
&[i¡ [>Íšàš W塳๠ƒì¹.... ŦÒão ¤o¢³Ú ®¡àÈàì¹....
yû¡ì³ Òê¡ƒÚ Aò¡[šìº ët¡à³à¹ tå¡[³ [¤W¡à[¹ºà ë³àA¡.... ëA¡¯º ë³àA¡
¤ÒàK¹ Aåò¡[Òšàt¡¹ ƒì¹ "à¹ç¡ A¡’ºà – ‘‘ët¡à³à¹ ">审ì¯ì¹ ë³àA¡ [¤W¡à[¹ ëºà¯à¡ú’’!

(A¡[¤Úyã l¡üÒü[³>\ô A¡ìº\ [t¡[>Wå¡A¡ãÚà "γãÚà ®¡àÈà "à¹ç¡ Îà[Òt¡¸¹ [ÅÛ¡[Úyã)

ë™à¯à Î}J¸à šø`¡à>¹ ºKt¡ šøA¡à[Åt¡ ëÒà¯à A¡[¤t¡à¹ [¤ìÅÈ š[¹šå[¹A¡àJ>t¡ i¡³àW¡ ëÎàìoà¯àº "à¹ç¡ Ò[¹ [Î} ëi¡à³¹¹ A¡[¤t¡à
ƒåi¡àt¡ ëA¡Òüi¡à³à> Ŧ ®å¡ºîA¡ šøA¡àÅ íÒ[ạú t¡à¹ ¤àì¤ "à[³ ƒå@[Jt¡¡ú -ÿ- δšàƒ>à Î[³[t¡

59 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


ιѬt¡ã šè\à, [>l¡ü\ ºàÒü®ô¡ Îã³àÒã> ">”z [ƒK”z
"à¹ç¡ ‹å>ãÚà ëáà¯àºãì¤à¹ ³èº ši¡å¢Kã\ (¤øà[\º) A¡[¤ : \å[ƒ= šƒ¢>
"γãÚà ">å¤àƒ : l¡à@ [¤A¡àÅ A塳๠ƒàÎ
i¡³àW¡ ëÎàìoà¯àº
‘‘Corrimos, sin aliento a los bosques
¤åAå¡t¡ íº óå¡[¹ìáà &Aò¡à\[º [>Ú¹ hermosura de sombra completa
ƒåW¡Aå¡t¡ &l¡àº Åão¢A¡àÚ ‹èš Alcanzaron labios a labios como en trance
Sin huella de aliento para quebrar la magia
ιѬt¡ã "àÒüW¡¹ot¡ l¡ü;ÎK¢à A¡[¹³ Las olorosas y quebradizas hojas cobijaro ......’’
ë³ï> Òꡃڹ A¡\ºà *òk¡ — Judith Pordon
K®¡ã¹ ¤>îº "à[³ "àì¤Kt¡ ‹š[ºÚàÒüìáòà,
šøƒÅ¢>ã ë³ºà ¤[Òìá [¤ìt¡àš> áòàÚàì¹ "௹à
Wå¡[º >ó¡[o*ÚàîA¡ìÚ "à[Òìá Åãt¡º ¹à[t¡ìi¡à K”z¤¸¹ ³à\t¡ *ìJà¹à-ë³àìJà¹à
A¡šàºt¡ óå¡[ºìá Î虢³åJã ó塺 *òk¡ ΃õÅ &A¡à-ë¤A¡à ¤>š=,
‹å>ãÚ๠ëKàÞê¡t¡ ¤àK[¹ óå¡ì¹ ëÎÒü ™àƒå¹ ë³à[Ò>ã ³àÚà
Åt¡à¦ã¹ [¤È ®¡}K A¡[¹¤îº ë™ "à³à¹ [JÚàìºà >àÒü
P¡¯àsi¡à>àì³à¹ l¡àìÚ¹ãt¡ "à[³ ‹š[ºÚàÒüìáòà¡ú
>šå}ÎA¡ &ì³[¹A¡à¹ "àÒü> ëA¡l¡üó¡àìº Aò¡àÒüi¡ãÚà JWô¡JW¡ãÚà
[¹Jôi¡à¹ ëÑHºt¡ A¡Úƒã¹ W¡Aå¡šà>ã ëAò¡W¡à šàt¡-¤ì>ì¹ l¡ü®¡¹à
"=¢Òã> šàA¢¡, [¤[¹Úà[> Q> ë\àìšàÒ๠³àì\ ³àì\ ëƒìJòà
³à>¯ "[‹A¡à¹¹ ÅÃ’Kà> !
Î¹ç¡ Î¹ç¡ l¡ü–µåv¡û¡àì¹ Òà[º-\à[º =A¡à l¡üƒ} l¡àº,
"γ[®¡[v¡A¡ [>¤¢àW¡>¹ t塺àW¡>ã ëƒ[JìºÒü ¤åAå¡ Ò³ Ò³ A¡ì¹ ³>¹ l¡üºàÒìt¡ !
[>l¡ü\ ºàÒü®¡¹ ƒìÒàK¹àA¡ã ‹å>ãÚà ëáà¯àºã ëÎÒü Îål¡üZá ÅàºKá ë\àšà¹ t¡ºìt¡
ëJà¯à-A¡àì³à¹àt¡ ¤¸Ñz [>l¡ü\ô ëW¡ì>º ëA¡Òüi¡à "à[³ [¤K[ºt¡, "àì¤[Kt¡ * [¤ºã>¡ú
¤åA塹 "³õt¡ Jà¤îº ë>àìšà¯à Åt¡ >à¤à[ºA¡à t¡àìt¡Òü [¤ºã> íÒ "àìA¡ï ‹š[ºÚàìºòà
[¤yû¡ã ë™à¯à¹ [ÒW¡àš ëA¡[t¡Úà º’¤à Îã³àÒã> "Îã³ [ƒK”z...ú
ë³ï> γƒº¹ [>W¡à> ë\àìšàÒ๠l¡àº-šàt¡ì¤àì¹ ³¹³ìt¡
™[ƒìÒ A¡àì¹à¤àA¡ ºàìK ³àì\-³àì\ Wå¡[º "àWå¡[¹ [ƒìÚ
"[\t¡ ³Ò”z¹ š[¹ÚàºA¡ Îå[‹¤à ëÎÒü\>ã ¹à}n¡àºã¹ ƒì¹;
ët¡ì\ì¹ [ºJà Òü[t¡ÒàÎ ëÎÒü l¡üºàÒìt¡ ë³à¹ ³‹å¹ íÅů¹ "”zt¡
šø[t¡K¹àA¡ã ‹å>ãÚà ëáà¯àºã¹ ³Òü ët¡[t¡Úà ëÎÒü Åàºì\àšà¹ íÎìt¡
ºàÒüóô¡ i¡àÒü³ [W¡³¹ κ[> šàÅ-¤Þê¡> A¡[¹¤ Jå[\[áìºòà
ÒüÚàt¡ =àìA¡ [>¹ì¯ l¡üWå¡[š [A¡”ñ ³¹Òà ó塺¹ šàš[¹¹ ƒì¹
ÎA¡ìºà šàÒ[¹ìºòà &[t¡Úà .....¡úú!
‹å>ãÚ๠Î}`¡à ë³à¹ Kò௹ šàk¡Åàºàt¡
[¤>à³è캸 [A¡[>¤ šà[¹ ët¡\-¹R¡à ë¤[ºìi¡àA¡.....
Îìšà>¹ ë¤àìA¡àW¡àt¡ ë\à>¤àÒü¹
ë³àA¡ &i¡à ¤ài¡ ºàìK
Îà‹å Ç¡>à šø[t¡\> ³à>åìÒ
"àÞê¡à¹A¡ ëƒJå¯à³
"à[\* ™’t¡
[ƒ>¹ ëšàÒ¹ [A¡³à> ®¡àº !!!
NøàÎ A¡[¹¤ ëJàì\
i¡³àW¡ ëÎàìoà¯àº : ¹ÎàÚ> [¤`¡à> [¤®¡àK¹ 뺤ì¹i¡¹ã ÎÒàÚA¡ "à¹ç¡ l¡üƒãÚ³à> A¡[¤¡ú
l¡à@ [¤A¡àÅ A塳๠ƒàÎ : šøàv¡û¡> ¤àÚå ëÎ>à [¤ÈÚà, [W¡[A¡;ÎA¡, ‘¹àÒüì>à \à}Kº &l¡ô쮡e¡à¹’ (¤àUຒ¹)¹ šø[t¡Ë¡àšA¡ ú
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 60
Mohem Naorem

W hat is so special of the North East


girls? We need to find out the
motives of the Delhi people or other
The tragic incident in the early hours of
December 13, 2008 where the landlord
knocked at the door of a rented room at
Indian’s mindset that leads to frequent eve- Sikandrapur, DLF Phase–I in Gurgaon is
teasing, molestation and rape of our girls? another crime meted out to our girls in Delhi
“North East girls are very beautiful”, and its adjoining areas. The two girls had come
said one of the Editors of a premier fashion to Gurgaon on December 11 in search of a
and modeling magazine based in National suitable job. In the very week of the
Capital Region (NCR). “Their skins are International Human Rights Day, our girls are
flawless…they are little angels, we need humiliated and discriminated. And the law of
new faces from these regions.” I got this the country is protecting the culprits, as usual.
remark while working for a There are also girls from other states of
Fashion magazine as India. And not a single report of rape,
Executive Editor. Today, molestation or eve-teasing against the girls
I am quoting his words from Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu or
in the backdrop of the Bihar. However, we heard of raping and
recent molestation and molesting foreign tourists from countries like
harassment of Germany, France, Japan, China and other
North East girls South Asian countries in Rajasthan, Goa or
by their landlord. Delhi. Can we compare our girls with these
foreigners? Is this the reason for sexually
abusing NE girls? Are we alien here in India
or some refugees from foreign countries? If
they regard us as foreigner, then our struggle
for a separate country is legitimate and
politically acceptable? If it is a fact, then the
Central government should proclaimed to the
world that North Eastern states were never a
part of India. Otherwise, they should protect
and take necessary actions to save our integrity
and community from further exploitations in
Delhi or other Indian cities.

61 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


We also need to know why the Biharis exploitations, molestations and rapes continues
(people from Bihar) owners and managers of like the Dhaula Kuan car rape case, Munirka
small private company always search for NE business woman case and the North Campus
girls as their Personal Secretaries or cyber café case. The role of state government is
Receptionists or sales girls in shopping malls. to deploy one of the state battalion in Delhi with
Why the fashion photographers wants models a sole purpose of protecting our own sisters from
or new face from our region for bold, inner wears the gangs of Northern India. We may approach
or compromising photo shoots? Why so many the state government of 8 states to send security
beauty parlors recruit our innocent girls? Why forces. It may be the Manipur Rifles, the Sikkim
we have started a so called live-in culture in Police, Assam police or Nagaland police. There
rented rooms, misguiding to our landlords as are battalions of Tamil Nadu police in Delhi.
brother-sister relationship. Why so many MMS Such presence of our police force will
scandals are uploaded online which depicts discourage the people from eve teasing or
immoral acts of our own girls and boys? And harassments to our girls.
why our parents and guardians do not think twice Our girls may also feel safe and secure then.
to question what type of jobs their daughters The MPs from our region should collectively
are doing – part time, freelance or full time? work, forgetting about their political affiliations
We need to critically analyze these unsolved and voiced for a North East Women
myths, if we want to protect further crimes on Commission, in line with National Commission
our community. for Women (NCW). If there can be DONER to
Most of our girls are staying in posh look after the development of our region, why
colonies of New Friends Colony (near Jamia can’t we have separate women commission to
Milia Islamia), South Extension Part I and II, protect our girls at National level. They should
Vasant Kunj, Greater Kailash I and II, Munirka, pressurize the centre to pass a Bill for the
Lajpat Nagar and Kotla in South Delhi. Every protection and preservation of our identity,
weekend, these girls will end up in some bars culture and unity.
around Defence Colony, M- Block market of It is a good sign that many student
Greater Kailash or Vasant Kunj. They are also organizations based in Delhi are expressing their
seen in McDonalds, Pizza Hut and Multiplexes support for the cause of NE states. Organizations
like the PVR, 3C’s or the WAVES. Often they like the Manipur Student Association of Delhi
have a fluent accent in US or UK English, lavish (MSAD) and Assam Student Association of
lifestyles and extravagance in Shopping Malls. Delhi (ASAD) are spearheading recent issue of
No one could say they are our girls. It seems molestations on our girls. We need more
they felt inferior to converse in our own regional voluntary participations from Nagaland,
dialects. We could see our girls in public places Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim and
like Ansal Plaza or Lodhi Gardens cajoling, Arunachal Pradesh to have more impact on our
hugging and kissing their so called lovers cause for unity and integrity. We also need
(mostly outsiders - people not from our region). International organizations like Friends of Assam
When they saw us among the crowd, they used and Seven Sisters (FASS) to support our mission
to ignore our presence. Such behaviors, if of uniting the region. Most importantly, we
properly noticed by the outsiders would surely should respect our traditions and cultures. We
think the girls have no one to protect their cannot duplicate other’s lifestyle which have no
chastity or morality. And the horrifying tales of place in our society!!
(The author is a renowned reporter and writer of NE India. He edits the popular daily
‘The Manipur Times’)
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 62
Arup Baisya

[Communist manifesto in 1848 …. In this crises, there breaks out an epidemic that, in all earlier
epochs, would have seemed an absurdity – the epidemic of over-production …]

A World Bank report states – “ the


number of malnourished people with
a record rise of 44 million in the year
another. The unemployment rate and the number
of unemployed are increasing leaps & bounds.
The common toiling masses, the people of
2008, is estimated to be total 967 million. backward communities and countries, since
The number of most hungry people is 1.4 long, have been facing the brunt of this crisis of
billion and that of hungry people is another the system in this way in their own lives. In the
3 billion. The hungry people in India, that case of recent American Sub-Prime crisis also,
claims to be largely free from the impact the backward Afro-American, Hispanics in the
of global economic crisis, is 200 million. American society have slided down further in
The situation of hungry people in the so socio-economic ladder. Those people, who do
called developed states of India are worse not have own roofs over their heads, also availed
than Sub-Saharan Africa.” These are the the sub-prime loan with a desire to have their
official figures. The real situation is more own home.
horrifying than the official figures reveal. But the happenings that made the leaders
These figures are rising rapidly with every at the helm of the affairs of the system scary
passing time. Thousands of working and jittery, are the fall of the centre of capitalism
people are losing their jobs regularly. The (that makes the system restless and fragile) and
factory shutters are getting down one after the shattered myth of liberal economy of self
regulating market depending on supply and
demand.
The American sub-prime crisis has its
grievous impact on global economy. The
inevitable fallout of the bursting of the
profit bubble of the speculative
finance which does not get invested
in production sectors, is the
norms of the crisis ridden
capitalist system. The
melting down of bullish
speculative finance along
with bursting of dot com

63 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


bubble were experienced in the recent past from the level of risk factors of these mortgage
several times. But on every occasion, backed securities (MBS). Due to the large
Government support has been extended to speculative investment on the rising home loans
provide liquidity to the system to create financial and home price, huge rise of this CDOs were
bubble by spending tax payers’ money. recorded in between the year 2000 to 2006.
Just after the dot com crisis, American Beginning in 2004, The Wall Street underwent
Federal Reserve Bank lowered the federal fund rapid expansion and started purchasing CDOs
rate (Repo rate in case of Indian Reserve Bank from the sponsoring Bank by issuing ‘Asset
i.e. rate of interest with which Reserve Bank backed commercial papers’ to raise fund.
provide credit to other Banks). Lower interest Commercial papers are short term debt from one
rates increased the lending of housing loan of to ninety days. To insure commercial papers, the
the Banks and the amount that household could sponsoring Bank guarantees a back up line of
pay for homes. As the housing price rose, this credit in the event that the issuer of commercial
increased lenders’ confidence in the security of papers does not have sufficient cash on hand to
these newly issued mortgage loans. In this rising settle these obligations at the time they come due.
trend of housing price, the financial players This way the sub-prime speculative market
started speculative investment on future prices. experienced a massive boom. The debt and
The private mortgage companies issued loans investment has fiercely grown without any
with high interest rate, but equating the initial bound.
installment (EMI) either on interest only or The explosive growth of profit in the
interest plus a very small portion of loan amount, speculative market was recorded till the
to keep it at a very low level. As a result, the installment payments of borrowers of sub-prime
consumers with a very weak economic condition loan were smooth. But due to the rise in interest
or credit worthiness started taking loans in large rate of Federal Reserve as a preemptive strike
number. Some home owners took the loan by against inflation and rise in equated monthly
mortgaging the rising price of their homes and installment (EMI) after the initial period of low
spent this loan amount on luxury goods. EMI, the borrowers of sub-prime loan became
But the issuance of new loan is the incapable to pay the EMI and began defaulting
beginning of the process. The private lending on their obligations. The foreclosure of
companies or the mortgage originator sells their mortgaged houses started taking place and
mortgage backed loans to the Government housing price began tumbling down. Alarm
institutions Freddie Mae, Fannie Mae, began to spread among the players in the market.
Government-insured entity Ginnie Mae or to The CDO buyers including Pension Fund, Hedge
Wall Street investment banks such as Goldman Fund, large insurance companies became
Sachs, Citibank, Merrill Lynch etc. These banks panicky. The investment Banks started incurring
depending on the mortgages, then issue bonds loss. One after another institutions went
to the market and the bonds are purchased by bankrupt. The crisis spread to whole of Europe.
Pension Fund, insurance companies, Hedge Banks stopped issuing new loans and the FIIs
Fund, the rich individuals from the market. The started withdrawing capital from the share
yield of these mortgage backed securities or market by selling their equity holdings and
bonds is supported by the pass-through of worldwide crash in share market resulted. It’s a
payments of interest and principal from the situation of both liquidity & profitability crunch.
underlying pool of mortgage debt. Banks realizes The productive investment becomes more
profits as service charges. The collateralized debt scarce. Due to the fall in purchasing power, the
obligation ( CDO ) is one of the most prevalent consumer demand dips further. More & more
amongst plethora of financial assets engineered production unit starts reducing their production
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 64
level as well as retrenching the workers. As a countries are also dependent on American
result a vicious cycle of decreasing consumer consumer market. The decline in American
demand and further adverse impact on capitalist consumer demand sends alarming signal to these
system are set in motion. countries, especially to China. By this time, many
When productive investment is not of the Chinese Export Industries have closed down
profitable, the capitalist earn profit from the bank making the workers jobless. The cheap Chinese
financed investment in the financial market and labour is the key to China’s export business and
the market explodes with artificial asset value attraction for foreign investment in China.
which is many times more than the real asset Recession in American economy and rapid rise
value. In this situation, the capitalist pundits lead of unemployment and poverty are the cause of
us to a mythical plane of self-regulating market concern for the exporting countries like China. If
without state intervention. the American recession deepens further, then
[Capital Volume 3 –” ... Economic crisis China will try to come out of the symbiotic relation
first appear as financial crises because the with America and search for alternative route. This
slowdown in profitable productive activity forces alternative route will include the increase of
small capitalists into ‘adventurous channels’ – internal consumer demand through state
speculation, fraudulent credit, fraudulent investment, opting for the policy of nationalization
stock....”] instead of privatization, formation of regional
The extreme form of this situation is group for Asian trade in regional currency instead
revealed through recent sub-prime crisis. The of dollar driven trade. This regional market is not
present worldwide crisis of capitalism due to at all negligible under the present scenario of
cover-production and declining consumer squeezing global market, if the countries like
purchasing-power indicates great depression like China-Japan-India-Korea-Thailand are taken into
situation after 1929 black Thursday. The consideration. If this happens, then the American
capitalist roaders are reciting the rhymes of old Economy will be hit harder. The recession in
formulations in unison to stimulate the system. America and Euro Zone in one hand and the
Before verifying the effectiveness of the clichés challenges against the control over the world trade
pronounced by the capitalist roaders, let us see and sources of raw material like oil, has shaken
the situation of America, the centre of the global & dwindled the American world hegemony. In
capitalist economy. these circumstances, the rise of many forms of
General Electric Chairman Jack Owell said regional groupings is not unexpected.
“ there is a capacity of over-production in almost That the capitalist roaders have found a
all industries.” This capacity of over-production way out of the quagmire of recession in
makes new investment unprofitable that hinders capitalist centre, leading towards depression,
the global economic growth. General motor is still not in sight. To evade complete meltdown
incurred a loss of 10.6 billion in 2005 and Ford of the financial system in the event of the sub-
7.24 billion in first three quarters of 2006. The prime crisis, the US Government announced an
steel production capacity is 20% i.e. 200 million emergency bail out package of $700 billion to
tons more than the actual demand. Robert Brenner be used to buy up virtually worthless mortgage
opined that net utilization level is merely 2.5 – backed securities held by financial institutions.
3% of total capacity of telecom network and only But it’s a matter of three days to dampen the
13% in the case of Sea-bed cable network. The spirit of those who discovered that this package
American trade deficit and budget deficit has is not yielding any result. Only a month after
skyrocketed. This deficit is financed by China, the Lehman Brothers collapse that set off the
Japan and other countries who purchase American Banking crisis, the potential cost to the
Treasury Bonds and create dollar reserves. These government of the latest bailout package comes
65 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
to $2.5 trillion, triple the size of the original being spent for the upliftment of the living-
$700 billion rescue package, which centered standard of the common masses, similar
on buying distressed assets from Banks. This measures should be taken to impose Government
has now taken the form of offering liquidity to control over the wealth-resources and to reduce
the financial system in a crisis, followed by the inequality of income. The policy of steep hike
directly injecting capital into such institutions of salary of a few and not providing minimum
and finally, if needed outright nationalization. wages to a large section of people must be
Although the Federal Reserve and U.S. changed. Moreover, social control over the
Treasury have been intervening massively, the Government investment must be established,
full dimension of the crisis is still seem to because there will not be any real change if the
elude them. state investment is of bureaucratic nature. The
In these circumstances, a section of bureaucratic capital & private capital are
Capitalist class and the left intellectual like complementary to each other. That means that
Pravat Pattanaik are advocating Keynesian only advocating Keynesian prescription of
prescription. The logics are as follows. In the increasing demand through full employment and
phase of current economic recession which is state investment will not yield much result,
perceived to be heading towards depression, the unless socialist orientation is attributed in
private capitalists would not make any production & distribution.
productive investment. So Government should During great depression after 1929 crash,
invest in production sector so that the investment Roosevelt implemented a part of Keynesian
generates new employment opportunity. Due to prescription, but the consequence is known to
increase in employment, average income of the all. However, according to few, Keynes
people will increase and as a result the demand prescribed socialization of investment in his
for consumer goods will also increase. In this General Theory. Whatever it may be, the demand
way of endeavour for full employment & which would be created through the upliftment
increase of purchasing-power through reducing of living standard of common masses will be
taxes, will increase the effective demand & thus different from the production capacity of present
crisis might be overcome. Pravat Pattanaik commodities. So the crisis brewing up due to
advocated imposition of restriction on the global over-production & falling rate of profit needs to
movement of the capital. He emphasized be countered through an approach of new
increase of Government investment on socialist model of people’s power & welfare.
agriculture, agricultural based industries and Conflicts between two opposing forces is gaining
food-grain production for the countries like momentum. The forces to create a world of
India-China and on infrastructure, welfare hunger, malnutrition & joblessness is on the one
measures for the countries like America. But the side and people’s uprising & working class
question is, whether this increase of Government emancipation to combat it on the other. Who will
expenditure through the increase of Budget be victorious out of the conflicts between two
deficit & curtailing tax-burden on people, is opposing forces – a total destruction or a new
sustainable? This cannot be continued & the creation — or a new deal of balance of
structural crisis of capitalism cannot be evaded compromise between two, will be visible in near
by merely nationalizing Bank & Insurance sector future. It is certain that the capitalism has still
and imposing Government regulation on finance not found a way out to revitalize it from the
market. The way, Savez has nationalized the oil present great crisis & decay. For humanity to
sector and the revenue being earned thereof is survive, capitalism must die.!
(The author is a renowned writer and social worker of Silchar as well as state. He prepared the write up for
Pragyan on Nov., 2008)

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 66
Ajit Ch. Phukan

Introduction : and exchange rate policies must be adjusted to


The decade of the 1990s is marked international norms, and the trade regime must
by the disintegration of the old order be oriented towards exports, while not
worldwide, as well as a transitional restricting import penetration, through a process
process towards a new economic order. of a trade liberalisation.
In this decade, most of the developing This decade has also witnessed a series of
countries have initiated economic economic reforms policies for securing optimal
reforms with the purpose of revitalising allocation of resources along with foreign
their economic potentials. Both the participation for significant economic
International Monetary Fund and the development in the economies of West Asia and
World Bank have prescribed the India. Now, while the liberalisation and
restructuring of their economies in order privatisation processes have got momentum in
to convert to free market principles where the 1990s in these two areas, it can now be
state control of economic activity must observed that the political structure of
b e radically reduced by government and public administrations,
the removal of state particularly in the oil-rich countries of the Gulf,
subsidies. At the same have tended towards reduced interference with
time, the the functioning of their economies. Even the
privatisation of centralised planned economic administrations
state assets, and of countries like Syria, Egypt and Iraq are
f i s c a l , turning more and more towards the the market
monetary economy, with a view to securing optimal
allocation of economic resources.
Need for economic reforms in India :
The wave of economic liberalisation and
privatisation started in the Indian economy from
the beginning of the 1990s. The economic
performance of India was never upto
the mark under centrally planned and
controlled regimes.
The thrust of the economic
reforms initiated by the Government
of India on 3rd July, 1991, aimed at

67 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


activating the forces of competition, efficiency of new projects. Economic reforms in West Asian
and globalisation. The reform was also countries, as a result, encouraged many areas of
concerned, to a great extent, with industrial economic life, such as simplifying investment
policy, trade policy and foreign investment as regulations, the development of local capital
well as the fiscal and monetary policies. It markets, and easing of trade regulations, etc.
became inevitable because, in the earlier Challenges ahead :
restrictive regime, there was little incentive to West Asia is rightly considered the
improve the macroeconomic structure of the metaphor of a second renaissance : regional,
Indian economy in order to make it more export international and industrial. This implies both
oriented. Economic reform was put into force to challenges with accompanied risks, and also
bring a dimensional change in the relative roles opportunities with the associated benefits. Only
of public and private sectors in India. those economies which are capable of managing
Need for economic reforms in Arab world : the risks and exploiting the opportunities would
On the other hand, why the oil boom era be better off in the emerging global economic
could not result in the desired economic growth environment. In the new wave of liberalisation
in West Asian economies is a matter of debate, and privatisation, there is a scope for potential
both among policy makers and economists in markets in both the regions to deepen and
the Arab world as well as outside the region. It diversify their corporation and come forward
must, however, be noted that most of the regimes with realistic plans for long-term
are now changing the previous economic policies interdependence based on interlocking interests.
they had been pursuing under the controlled Since the beginning of the 1990s, India too has
planned economies. As can be seen, from the opened up its economy, especially in trade and
mid 1980s and onwards, there was growing investment. Its new bid to move away from an
concern on the need for economic reform in the import substituting strategy to an outward
region. The international Monetary Fund (IMF) orientation and its keenness to join the
has particularly been concerned with what it saw globalisation process is clearly manifest in its
as one of the main effects of the conclusion of reform efforts.
the Uruguay Round and the establishment of the The climate for direct investment has shown
World Trade Organisation (WTO). Thus, in the considerable improvement, in case of West Asia,
framework of their agreements with the IMF and despite high-profile economic diplomacy and
the world Bank, many West Asian countries special concessions made to investors in the
geared up towards economic and financial Gulf, India has not been able so far to attract
restructuring, deregulation and export-oriented investment from the Gulf region as it has from
production in their economies. Israel. The Indian government is trying hard to
In fact, the need for economic reforms secure foreign exchange to meet its heavy oil
clearly pre-dated the Gulf crisis because the import bill, which has also resulted in a persistent
losses incurred by state owned companies and deficit in India’s trade with the oil exporting
those owned by the governments placed an countries of the Gulf.
appalling burden on the national budgets. The Before liberalisation, India could not find a
concerned governments then started to reduce significant place in the West Asian markets, but
their deficits through various measures like cut- in the 1990s, as we have seen, the region provided
backs in public expenditures, introduction of Indian government an opportunity to pursue its
taxes of welfare services, external borrowing and policy of export promotion and encouragement
privatisation of state owned companies etc. The of foreign investment. In the new situation, Arab
concerned government turned to the private economies are now shifting from western
sector for playing a greater role in the initiation industrial economies to the Asian region for the
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 68
bilateral trade. Since India is enjoying good Future Strategies and Conclusion :
relations with West Asian countries, it is the right India’s economic diplomacy has so far not
time for India to meet the needs of those markets. been successful in adequately safeguarding its
We have also seen the immense possibility economic interest abroad, particularly in West
for mutually beneficial joint ventures in the Asia. The US and other Western industrial powers
liberalisation era. One promising trend in this are still dominating in West Asia, but India can
regard is that big industrial houses in India are expect to play a big role in the liberalisation era.
now identifying various projects to be taken on Its traditional trading partners like Iran, Kuwait,
the basis of joint collaboration. The idea that Iraq, UAE and Egypt still provide a large scope
has now found favour in India is that joint in the emerging market. In such a climate, India
ventures could be established with this region, can not only participate in petro-chemical
including Israel, which has great technological development, but can also play an enormous role
advantages. In fact, Israel’s entry into the Indian in plans for diversified industrialisation in most
market provides great opportunities for agro- of these countries. It can supply the hardware for
based industrial development, that promises infrastructure development. It can provide a
India competitive advantages in the variety of high-skilled personnel in engineering,
international market. business organisation, economic planning, and the
The West Asian countries are eager to share sophisticated branches of most professions. India
the technological development of modern India. can now be a potential market for the Arab
It would be the advantage of both not to restrict countries.
their relationship simply to that of buyers and However, in a fiercely competitive world,
sellers of crude oil or traditional commodities every country is trying to develop brand names
but to develop a more co-operative relationship. with the government’s support to penetrate
The Gulf countries could take advantage of markets across the world. But India’s efforts
India’s developing technology and management towards global integration have been modest. In
know-how. The Gulf states, for their part, are terms of challenges, the greatest challenge and
developing countries, and, as such, need a stable opportunity with Government of India lies in
source of income to finance their various undoing those policies and practices that have
development projects, which invariably require not worked satisfactorily so far and embarking
imports of capital goods, foreign technology and on a comprehensive trade policy package that is
expertise at competitive price. integrative, realistic and result-oriented.!
(The author teaches Economics)

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69 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


Monika Das and Roshmi Dutta

I n the entire world including India


women represent half of the total
population. Our former P.M. Pd.
economic and political environment. In India
also before independence, equality of rights for
Indian women had been ensured in the1931
Jawaharlal Nehru said that “To awaken the Karachi session of the congress. But after
people it is the woman who must be independence women are under represented in
awakened. Once she is on the moves, the political institutions of the country. Women’s
nation moves.” But. not in India but all participation in political system is restricted by
over the world women have been the various traditional forces like caste, religion,
greatest sufferers and suppressed. Women weaker sex and family status.
are generally considered biologically In 1952, the UNO adopted a resolution to
weaker in sex and primarily the producers protect the rights of the women all over the world.
of human society. But they have been Therefore the UNO declared 1975 as the
humiliated by generations because International Women’s Year and 1975-85 as the
patriarchal society family life is planned Women’s Development Decade. The fourth
in such a manner. UNO world conference on women was
Gender equality and empowerment concluded in September, 1995 at Beijing
of women is recognized globally as a key finalizing an action plan to be concretized and
element to achieve progress in all areas. implemented in each country. The theme of the
The feminist movement all over the world conference was equality, peace and development.
demanded equal status for women in Pressure from both national and
social, international level compelled our
government to give more attention to
empowering Indian women from grass
root. In 1977 a committee was
established to study the status of women.
The committee suggested for the
establishment of statutory women’s
panchayat with a view to increase
political participation of women. The
National Perspective Plan for women
(1988-2000) gives importance to
women’s participation in general and

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 70
rural politics. Political empowerment of women For evaluating, promoting and monitoring
therefore is one of the basic objectives of 73rd the level of women empowerment, an attempt
amendment (1992) of Indian constitution. It has been made through the study of women
means that women got the power to raise their participation in Panchayat, on the basis of the
voice in decision making at household, politics empirical data generated from some intensive
and in society. It is argued that political power micro studies in four goan Panchayat in Tinsukia
and access to decision making and authority are District. These Panchayats are (1)Tengapani
important pre-conditions for women’s equality Gaon Panchayat (2) Barekuri Gaon Panchayat
in the nation building process. In 1993 the 73rd (3) Hapjan Gaon Panchayat (4) Bajaltali Gaon
amendment act was implemented and introduced Panchayat. 12 female members of these four
33% reservation of seats for women in Panchayats were interviewed to know the
Panchayat. J Nehru once said “You can tell the political status of women in grass root level. For
condition of a nation by looking at the status of the purpose of the paper following indicator has
its women”. So the status and role are also been taken to measure the level of women’s
interlinked with the concept of power and political empowerment along with socio-
position enjoyed by women in society. economic empowerment. Indicators has been set
This article attempts to assess the role and at three different levels :
power of women in North-East India with special 1) Indicators as an evidence of women’s
reference to Assam. Assam has an agriculture empowerment
based society where we see a strong role of 2) Indicators of access to potential source
women in economic affairs. But in political life for empowerment
women are still under represented after 3) Indicators of the setting for employment.
independence. Like different parts of India, Our Findings :
Assam also has a strong historical background Indicators as an evidence of women’s
of local self governments. The villages in Assam empowerment
had a strong Panchayat in different names and (A) Women’s participation in decision making:
forms since long past. Assam was one of the The survey shows women’s limited participation
pioneer states in India to enact Panchayat act and in decision making both in household and
establish Panchayati Raj in the State when the political field. Out of 12 women, 10 women
Assam Rural Panchayat Act 1948 was passed. reported that they do not have decision making
This act was amended in 1959, the Assam power at household. This is common in case of
Panchayati Raj Act 1972, the Assam Panchayati most of the married women. Table II shows the
Act 1986 and finally Assam Panchayati Act household decision making power of married
1994, which incorporated the provision of the and unmarried female members.
73rd amendment of the constitution of India. In ! Women’s participation in household
Assam elections were held in October 1996, for decision making: This indicator examines, who
establishing a three tier Panchayati Raj system in her household made the decision regarding
in the state at the village, intermediate and district what item to cook, obtaining health care for
level. herself, purchasing jewellery or other major
Table 1 household items and her going and staying with
No. of Panchayat at each level in Assam
parents’ house, with friend etc. No. of female
Zilla Parishad 20 members out of 12, age 15-45 who take
Anchalik Panchyat 188 household decision alone or with some one else:
Gaon Panchayat 2223 Out of 12 female members 2 were unmarried.
Total 2431 From these 2 female members one’s response
71 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
was positive. Overall decision making power is some female members as her husband did not
extremely low. get the ticket, he pushes his wife. But she is
! Women’s participation in political neither interested nor aware about politics.
decision making: In politics, they are proxy We adopted another way to find out their
representatives. In the survey it was asked decision making power by asking whether they
whether they fully participate in Panchayat raise their voice regarding injustice or
decision, regarding planning, development work, exploitation in their particular area. They said
budgeting, location of the projects etc. Most of the elders or male members take the decision.
them said that male members generally use to Table III shows the political decision
take the decision as they (female) cannot attend making power of the female members.
all the meetings regularly due to heavy work load Table shows that though most of them
at home. To measure the decision making some attend meeting regularly, their political decision-
questions regarding preparation of report and making power is low. Their participation is
submission of report were asked. It was the symbolic in nature.
husband or other members of the family who (B) Women’s freedom of movement: Though
prepare reports and even send the report through freedom of movement was not directly reported,
her husband or other members of the family. women were asked whether they needed
Though most of the female members permission to go to different destinations, to the
answer was “yes” to the question whether they market and to visit friends or relatives. The
attend the meeting regularly and raise their voice limitations of these questions as source of
in Panchayat, but the actual picture was not that. information on women’s freedom of movement are
To find out the reality we asked some male immediately obvious, not the least of which is the
members of the Panchayat. They said that most varied interpretation of the word ‘permission’.
of the time they keep silent.We found that they According to this measure women’s
(female) are proxy representatives. In case of freedom of movement is very limited.

Table II
Decision about own health Decision about buying Decision about going to
Female
care jewellery market/staying with parents/
friends
Alone Husband/ Alone Husband/ Alone Husband/
someone else’s someone else’s someone else’s
Married Nil 10 Nil 10 Nil 10
Unmarried 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table III
Raise their voice to
Attend Meeting Prepare Report protest injustice or Voting Decision
exploitation
Elder male Husband/
Regularly Sometimes Alone Husband/ Herself members Other
Own
someone of the members of
else village the family
8 4 3 9 1 11 2 10
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 72
(C) Women’s acceptance of unequal gender role the female members are not able to prepare the
: This indicator of evidence of empowerment report of their own ward. They take the help of
seeks to measure women’s accepantance of their family members. As most of the female
different gender roles by examining whether members of the family are not educated, they seek
women’s education aspiration for children differ help from the male members. In indirect way the
by amount of education that women say should power is shifted to the male members.
be given to a girl accordingly to the amount they (B) Employment; The participation of women
have said should be given to a boy. in economic activities particularly outside the
While women opined that — both boy and home is often considered as an important
girl should be given equal scope of education, enabling factor affecting economic and social
majority aspire to give girls less education empowerment of women. Not only can
than boy. employment be a source of economic
This review of the evidence of independence, but it can help to give women a
empowerment of women shows that gender sense of self-worth.
equality is low among women. Son preference In order to evaluate the extent to which
remains high and virtually unchanged. A women have access to employment that has the
preference for sons also reflects women’s potential to provide financial independence we
accepantance of gender role that ascribe a higher have examined the proportion of women
status to males than females. employed. We have found that the proportion
Indicators of access to potential source for employed for cash is as expected much lower. This
empowerment : shows that the female members are not
(A) Literacy and education: Education is one economically independent. Some of the elected
of the most important mediums through which female members in Gaon Panchayat said that they
knowledge and information is acquired. Hence have to look to their husband or father even for
access to education has been recognized as a the communication expenses. Two of the members
fundamental right of both men and women. The reported that the system of part time job should
empowering role of women’s education is be removed from Panchayat. They should be
multipronged, affecting not only every aspect given a high salaried full time job. They can’t
of women’s life, but also the lives of their actively participate because they are given only
children and others who are likely to depend on Rs. 500.00 (Rupees Five hundred only).
them. Therefore we have compared women and (C) Awareness and interest: Hardly any woman
men in terms of their level of literacy and representative said that she took up women
educational attainment. specific issues in the Panchayat and neither did
Our survey shows that the level of literacy the women constituents approach her to take up
and education is also very low. Most of the their issues. They are not aware about their rights
members, both male and female, education level and are neither interested also. They were asked
is under HSLC. However, when we compare the whether they read newspaper, watch TV etc.
level of literacy among male and female member, Though some of them reported that they read
we found that there is a discrepancy and female newspaper they do not know about the rights
member’s education level is lower than male given to them.
members. When we raised question about their Indicators of the setting for empowerment :
low education, the female members said the poor These indicators focus on the circumstance
family, household burden, baby sitting and their of women’s life and reflect the opportunities
parents’ ignorant attitude are the responsible factor available to women.
for their low education. Due to lack of education (A) Age at marriage: We found in these
73 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
respective Panchayats that women’s age at Hence through education they should be
marriage is between 14 to 18 years. made aware of their rights so that they
Consequently early marriage disempowered can consciously participate in all walks
women by curtailing their opportunities for of life.
sufficient education and skill development 2) Men still consider women subservient to
impeding proper physical and mental men; they have disapproved granting of
development before taking the huge burden of equality to women .Deliberate and
reproduction and other social obligation. . planned efforts are necessary to change
(B) Residence in nuclear or joint family: Most the value system of society.
of the members live in joint family structure. This 3) Political empowerment is meaningless
activity shows that their household burden and without Economic empowerment. So the
working hours are high. Even after their heavy rural women should convert their skill
burden they have to draw support from elder and labour for productive purpose.
members of the family. The above findings In conclusion, we want to draw the
highlight that women’s political consciousness attention that women representation in
is restricted by private domain. Panchayat level only fulfils the constitutional
(C) Experience of violence: All the female measures adopted by 73rd amendment of
members reported that, they have not yet Indian constitution. In real situation it is not
experienced violence by their family members. much effective. Political mobilization of
(D) Behaviour of male colleague: In women on political issues and the conscious
Panchayat level the male colleagues behave political education of women are the
well with them. Two of the female members essential pre-conditions for more effective
reported that due to different political creed, political participation. Women’s entry to
the majority of male members did not give politics will be effective only if the value
importance to their comments. In such an system of society is changed. This can be
atmosphere the female members feel possible if traditional values are replaced by
uncomfortable when they attend the Panchayat. progressive ones. Also they should be
Suggestion and Conclusion liberated from private domain. Gender
The following suggestions can be made to equality in society, knowledge and
fulfil the goal of effective political awareness, access to and control over
empowerment: economic resources are necessary in the
1) Political empowerment is more effective process of political empowerment of women.
only when the women are educated. Also Women’s entry into political field will be
the masses should be educated to perceive more meaningful if there is independent society
the equality of boy and girl. Most of the oriented agenda. That agenda should not be
women are not aware of their right which women oriented but which includes the whole
is given to them by our constitution. society in a broad sense.!
Bibliography/ Webliography :
Assam Govt. website: Status of Panchayati Raj state profile
Dutta N L: Empowerment of women -published in Journal of politics vol 5 December, 1998.
Economic and Political Weekly xxx1x vol7 February 14-20, 2004.
Mahanta Aparna :Human rights and women of north-east India (2005)
Kamanth “Empowering the Indian women” The Sentinel 18th August, 2007.
(The authors teache Economics and Political Science respectively)

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 74
Anita Baruwa

I n the context of economic development,


the educational product as a whole not
only includes components of consumption
proper type, quality and quantity of education.
Supply of professional people who cannot be
absorbed into appropriates positions may
(enjoyment of the fuller life permitted by readily become an external dis-economy and
education) and direct investment source of instability.
(increased earnings to the educated Apart from the factor of externality,
person, i.e. “internal” gains of education), educational investment has certain other
but also “external” gains which accrue to characteristics:
other members of the community, i.e. the The product of education outlays carries
economic and social system at large. the joint features of consumption and
The most important characteristic investment. For this reason, the share of
of educational investment is externality. resources allocated to education cannot be
This aspect of external benefits of considered wholly an investment outlay. The
education lies in the change in the social consumption component of education may be
and cultural climate, incident to the divided into current consumption (the delights
widening of horizons, which education of attending school) and the future
entails. At the same time, this benefit result consumption (the ability to appreciate life
is not an automatic consequence of more fully later on). Future consumption being
general education, but the major element, the consumption
only of the component is largely in the nature of a
durable consumer good and hence
investment. Thus the essential distinction
is not between consumption and
investment aspects of education, but
between education investment which
generates imputed income (fuller life later
on) and education investment which
generates increased factor earnings to the
labour supplied by the educated person.
The imputed-income component of
education tends to be of particularly great
importance at the early stages of
development. Extension of secondary

75 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


education becomes the primary goal of education equipment, but also the opportunity cost of
policy in countries with a low level of education lost income on the part of the student. Where
capital stock with extension of elementary there is a general surplus of labour supply, the
education and technical training at the next level opportunity cost of foregone earnings will be
of capital stick and expansion of higher small or non-existent. Other components of
education at a more advanced stage. education cost (school teachers’ salaries in
Secondly, investment in education is particular) tend to be relatively high in
characterized by a gestation period which is developing countries. So, even though the
substantively longer than that of many other income stream from a given factor input into
types of capital formation. Periods of ten to education will be large, the rate of return on
twenty years may be involved, depending on educational investments is therefore not as high.
how far the education process is carried, and even Sensible education targets must be
longer spans may be involved if teacher training developed by considering the needs of the
is taken into consideration. Even though certain particular economy and the demands posed by
skills may be acquired fairly rapidly, especially its specific plans in order to absorb additional
if a previous foundation is laid, the educational supplies of educated manpower. The matter of
capital stock cannot be changed quickly, educational priorities is of vital importance.
particularly for the more advanced type of Unless the right kind of education is provided,
education. This is a constraint in investment setting overall targets has little meaning.
planning requiring public policy guidance and Educated persons who are unable to find suitable
planning. jobs, fail to add to the national product and also
A further feature of investment in education become a source of political instability. Since
is the relatively long useful life of the the cost of various types of education differs
educational asset as compared to other greatly, the very setting of overall targets has to
competing investments. Obviously, there may be based on the composition of education supply.
well arise a difference between the government’s Whether undertaken privately or in the
and the private investor’s allocation of share for public sector, the necessity for investment
education in investment outlays. The relatively planning cannot be denied. Left to household
long, useful life makes it necessary that the type decisions, neither market knowledge, nor
of education be chosen in order to meet future foresight nor financial requirements are present
demands in particular skills. This applies more which are needed to secure adequate supplies.
to specialized and technical education. Thus, This is especially the case in developing
educational planning in the context of a longer- countries where the whole attitude towards
term development view is essential. education has to overcome conventional barriers
Finally, the resource cost of education not and become reoriented to the development
only includes teachers’ salaries, buildings and process.!
(The author teaches Economics)
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/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 76
Sutapa Chakraborty

Of all the forces that have worked and particular, and for the whole of human race, in
are still working to mould the destinies general. Herein lies the real significance of a
of human race, none certainly, is more religion. But, unfortunately due to the
potent than that the manifestation of unnecessary disruptive tendencies which are
which we call religion– Swami set as a limit to religion that this positive
Vivekananda. understanding of religion got affected.

R eligion is the most outstanding


discovery of mankind which
intends to sustain his very being, his
Consequently, the conflicts on the issue of
religion have become a common feature now-
a-days. Although it is a truth in the human
dignity as a human spirit, in the midst history that good and evil, virtue and vice,
of all evils. It further reflects the violence and peace, go together, yet it is also a
characteristic of a unifying force of unity fact that a correct understanding of religion can
and is the very constitution of man’s not only solve a lot of problems concerning
nature. It aims at (Indian Reference) the human culture, society and tradition, but also
awakening of can minimize violence and can assure us peace
spirituality i.e., the in this world. This article is, therefore, an effort
realization of the to highlight that is the right time to pick up a
Infinity or Divinity in religion which is not only humanistic and
man (Atmanam practical, but also a universal one. Such an
Viddhi). Taken in this approach to religion can be grasped nowhere
sense, (positive sense) than in the philosophy of Swami Vivekananda.
— ‘Religion’ is meant Let us explore the essential of his
for the betterment of understanding of religion as below :
an individual i) His is a Universal Religion : Vivekananda
h u m a n could realize that the end of all religions are
being the realization of God in the soul. Hence, if
i n one religion is true, then all must be true.
Moreover, the significant peculiarity is that
inspite of open and even bitter conflicts, most
of the major religious sects have atleast
continued to live. This shows that conflicts are
only apparent, and that they do not affect the

77 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


inner vitality or the core (the essence) of religion. mankind to the place where there is neither the
Now, a question may arise – What is the essence Vedas, nor the Bible, nor the Koran, yet this has
of the variety of Religions? Swamiji discovers, to be done by harmonizing the Vedas, the Bible
here, that the common point of all religions in a and the Koran’’. So, his universal religion is a
general way is God. The word ‘God’ is being plea to realize the dignity of all human beings.
used in its most comprehensive sense. It may be ii) The Humanistic Approach : The aspect of
the personal omnipotent and Good God, or may universality of religion unfolds, further, Swami
be described as the Universal Existence or the Vivekananda’s effort to strengthen the
Ultimate Unity of the Universe. Every religion, humanistic trend of religion which exalts man
consciously or unconsciously is struggling as the true abode of divinity against the orthodox
towards the realization of this unity or God. As religion which portrays man as a miserable
Swamiji said, ‘‘Our minds are like the vessels sinner, or a weak and helpless being completely
and each of us tries to arrive at a realization of at the mercy of God. His unqualified emphasis
God. And, God is like the water that fills the on love and service, the appeal towards exhorting
vessels of different shapes. In each vessel the people to seek God in fellow human beings, his
vision of God takes a different form. Yet he is desire to be born again and suffer thousands of
one. He is God in every case’’. miseries so that he could worship the only God,
Thus, by admitting the apparent the sum total of all souls, is not only the highest
contradictions in different faiths and the expression of religion but also a clearest
conflicting tenets, Vivekananda taught love and statement of humanism.
mutual tolerance as the cardinal principles of Actually, by giving a humanistic touch to
Religion. For, he firmly believed that the human his concept of religion Swami Vivekananda
society would have made far greater advances, intends to unearth repeatedly the positive
had there been no sectarianism, fanaticism and approach of religion. According to him, a true
violence in the name of religion. He, therefore, religion, thus, not only teaches man to refrain
stressed one unity, and fusion of all religions into from evil, but also insists on doing good to
one Universal Religion. others. It unites man to his fellows and aims at
Here, so far a universal religion is awakening the spirit within man. ‘Religion’,
concerned, the Swami viewed that it should thus, ‘‘is the idea which is raising the brute unto
extend hope to all men and women and help man and man unto God’’. Infact, if religion is
humanity in realizing its true nature – divine taken away from human society, the residue will
nature. Such a religion is Hinduism. Hinduism be a mass of brutes. Religion gives vision and
which is often believed to be a part of the Hindu inspiration to man.
religion is, however, not at all a religion, but is iii) The Need for a Practical Religion : Being
purely secular. Vivekananda introduced a twentieth century modern philosopher,
Hinduism as the religion which included Vivekananda could visualise the need for a
tolerance and universal acceptance. Again, while practical religion. He thus, poses his
advocating Hinduism as a universal religion, understanding of religion as more realistic and
Swamiji was never tired of condemning the pragmatic than sheer indulging into uncritical
ceremonialism and ritualism in it. To him, ‘‘It is observance of ceremonical practices. That’s why
in love that religion exists and not in departing himself from the general philosophical
ceremony,.... Unless a man is pure in body and approach of the Indian sages, Swami
mind, his coming to a temple and worshipping Vivekananda, like Gautama Buddha, emphasizes
Shiva is useless’’. the importance of removing human misery
Swamiji’s motto is, therefore, ‘‘to lead instead of trying to discuss the nature of truth.
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 78
The first and the foremost key to make man from his divine nature to that of brutes. He
religion more easy and practicable Swamiji called it perfect lunacy to place eatables before
adopts the concept of free – thinking and allows the image of God for ten minutes and rebuked
man to choose freely whatever religion he thinks zealots for spending crores of rupees on building
to be the best. He then speaks of applying the temples while the whole of common man died
method of Yoga — union with the Divine — in of hunger. It is, in this context, that the Swamiji
the practical real life, so that our mind and body opines – ‘‘That society is the greatest where the
can become pure and calm and we can have highest becomes practical. That is my opinion
salvation and consequent state of eternal peace and if society is not fit for the highest truths,
and bliss. make it so, and the sooner, the better’’.
Religion, furthermore, becomes Vivekananda’s universality of religion, we
meaningful only when one can become dynamic may sum up, renders his philosophy a humanistic
and harmoniously assimilate all narrowness in one, while the humanism of Vivekananda makes
knowledge. In this context, so far the Vedantic his philosophy practical oriented.
vision of direct experience on God in every Infact, to meet the need of the hour, our
existence is concerned, it is the definition of a concept of Religion has to be changed. The task
meaningful life of this mundane world. One can for us will, therefore, be to take out all that is dross.
free oneself from the shackle of every limitation And, only the essential parts of religion will
and narrowness only when one can turn one’s emerge triumphant out of this investigation. To
eyes inward and feel the truth of the Advaita realize our mission for world peace, we, therefore,
philosophy. are to spread out, after Vivekananda, the message
Swamiji’s belief in Advaitavada, however, of love, truth and acceptance all over the globe.
could not convert him to a professional So, we need a religion of the universal type in
philosopher, but develops in him the spirit of a which all the variety of religions will be
saver and server of humanity. His practical globalized, yet each will retain its individual
approach is, therefore, firmed with the belief that status. Such an interpretation and understanding
if any good we want to observe, any peace to of religion will result in the automatic solution to
sustain in the world, any progress to cherish we much of our miseries, mutual conflicts and social
must throw our ceremonials overboard and evils. Simultaneously, this universal religion
worship the living God, the Man-God. To him, (based on humanism) will definitely serve as the
identification of dogmas with religion degraded sole key to unlock the door to world peace.!
Books and References :
1. The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol. V, VI & VIII.
2. Modern Indian Thought, from Rammohan Roy to Jayaprakash Narayan – D. R. Bali.
3. Contemporary Indian Philosophy – B. K. Lal.
4. A Ph. D. Thesis ( of Gauhati University, Department of Philosophy) on ‘‘The Concept of Religion in the thoughts
of Vivekananda and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee : A study’’ – by Sucharita Dey.
5. Swami Vivekananda Centenary Memorial Volume – Ed. R. C. Majumder.
6. Swami Vivekananda in the West, New Discoveries, His Prophetic Mission – Marie Louise Burke.
(The author teaches Philosophy)

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A¡¹à šøÅ— "à¹ç¡ ëÎÒüì¤à¹¹ l¡üv¡¹ "à[Ạ&ì>‹¹ìo @
(1) Do you see any man made objects like
the Great Wall of China, Pyramid etc ?
Ans : He answered that he can see these man
made objects from space.
0
¤òà*ó¡àº¹ š¹à : l¡ ¤åº¤åº KîK, `¡àì>–ƒø l¡üšà‹¸àÚ "à¹ç¡ l¡ü³àA¡à”z (2) What you do when you feel sick ?
¤¹ç¡¯à¡ú [Å«º} &[ºìó¡si¡ ó¡ºáô¹ t¡ºt¡ Ans : He answered that they are well trained

/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09


/ 80
and physically very strong. Normally they ÅÑ|γèÒ ëƒ[J¤îº šàìºòà¡ú ÒüÚ๠l¡üš[¹* ÒüÚàt¡ l¡üv¡¹
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"¯[Ñ‚t¡¡ú &[ºìó¡–i¡ ó¡ºáô "à¹ç¡ ³à[i¡ºà} šàA¢¡¹ ëÎï–ƒ™¢ ¤¹ƒîºá๹ ºKìt¡ ">¸ [ÅÛ¡àP¡¹ç¡ t¡=à ‘šø`¡à>’¹ ºKt¡
l¡üšì®¡àK A¡¹à¹ šàát¡ "à[³ ¤àÚåìÎ>๠™àƒåQ¹îº ¤å[º \[Øl¡t¡ [ÅÛ¡àP¡¹ç¡ÎA¡ºA¡ ‹>¸¤àƒ \>àìºòà¡ú
¹à*>à Òìºòà¡ú &Òü ™àƒåQ¹ìi¡àt¡ ¤àÚåìÎ>๠[¤[®¡Ä ™åò\à¹ç¡ "¯ìÅÈt¡ áày-áàyãÎA¡º¹ `¡à> ¤‡ý¡¢ >¹ ¤àì¤ &ì>
[¤³à>¹ ºKìt¡ ët¡*òìºàA¡¹ šƒA¡, Îà\ ëšàáàA¡, "Ñ|- šƒìÛ¡š ™àìt¡ "àKîº* ëºà¯à ÒÚ t¡àìA¡Òü A¡à³>à A¡[¹ìºòà¡ú!
[[ºJA¡‡Ú Ñ•àt¡A¡ 3Ú ¤È¢¹ ([¤`¡à>) áày]
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