Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 1

Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

1.Double Integrals over General Regions

--- Type I, Type II, Reversing the order of integration










2. Application of Double Integrals
1) Probability: a density function f(x,y)







2) Mass, center of mass(Cylindrical/Sphere coordinates)





















Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 2
Chapter 16 Vector Calculus

Organizing 4 parts as follows:

1. Parametrization of curves and surfaces
2. Theoretical results
3. Formulas
4. Main Theorem



1. Parametrization of curves and surfaces
In many problems involving line and surface integrals of functions and vector
fields, the main difficulty is to find a parametrization of the curves and surfaces.































Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 3
2. Theoretical Results
Here is a list of the theoretical results you should know and learn how to apply in a
practical problem.
1) A vector field F

(in 2 or 3 variables) is conservative if there exists a function f

(of 2 or 3 variables) such that
f F V =

.



2) A domain D in the plane is connected if for every pair of points A1 = (x1, y1) and
A2 = (x2, y2) in D, there exists a curve C entirely contained in D which joins A1 to
A2.





3) A domain D in the plane is simply-connected if D does not contain holes.














Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 4
4) Theorem: Let
j y x Q i y x P y x F

) , ( ) , ( ) , ( + =
be a vector field defined
on an open and simply connected domain D. Suppose that P and Q are C
functions (all partial second derivatives exist and are continuous) and that C is a
piecewise smooth curve given by the parametric representation
) (t r

, a t b.
Then the following statements are equivalent.
a)
)) ( ( )) ( ( a r f b r f r d F
c

=
} for some smooth potential function f.
b) }

c
r d F

is independent of paths.
c)
0 =
}
c
r d F

for any closed curve C in D.

d)
x
Q
y
P
c
c
=
c
c

e) F

is a conservative vector field.

Note: The condition simply-connected can be relaxed to the condition of
connectedness for the equivalence between statements a), b), c) and e).

















Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 5
5) Theorem: If f(x,y,z) has continuous second order partial derivatives ( f is C) then,

0 ) ( = Vf curl



6) Theorem: If F

is a vector field defined on all of R whose components have

continuous partial derivatives and
0 = F curl

, then F

is a conservative
vector field.










7) Theorem: If
k R j Q i P F


+ + =
is a vector field on R and P, Q and R have
continuous second-order partial derivatives, then,
0 = F curl div

























Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 6
8) A curve C in the plane enclosing a domain D is positively oriented if the domain
D is always on the left as the curve C is traversed.










9) A surface S is orientable if the choice of normal vector to the surface can be
chosen continuously.








10) A curve C that is the boundary of a surface S has positive orientation if the
surface S is always to the left as the curve C is traversed with the orientation
given by the orientation of S. (That is, one has to walk on the boundary with the
head in the same orientation as the normal vector to the surface.)




















Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 7
3. Formulas

1) Notation:

a)
k
y
P
x
Q
j
x
R
z
P
i
z
Q
y
R
F F curl


) ( ) ( ) (
c
c

c
c
+
c
c

c
c
+
c
c

c
c
= V =

b)
z
R
y
Q
x
P
F F div
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V =




2) Line Integrals














3) Surface Integrals

a) Surface Area:
dA r r S A
D
v u
}}
=

) (
, where

k v u z j v u y i v u x v u r

) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( + + =

Note: x and y to be parameters, z=g(x,y), then

dA
y
z
x
z
S A
D
}}
c
c
+
c
c
+ =
2 2
) ( ) ( 1 ) (







Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 8

b)
dA r r v u r f dS z y x f
D
v u
s
}} }}
=

)) , ( ( ) , , (


Note: x and y to be parameters, z = g(x,y)


dA
y
z
x
z
y x g y x f dS z y x f
D s
}} }}
+
c
c
+
c
c
= 1 ) ( ) ( )) , ( , , ( ) , , (
2 2






c) Flux of F

across S: If F

is a continuous vector field defined on an

oriented surface S with unit normal vector
n

, then the surface integral of

F

over S is
}} }} }}
= =
S D
v u
S
dA r r F dS n F S d F ) (

This integral is also called the Flux of F

across S.

Note: x and y to be parameters, z = g(x,y)

dA R
y
g
Q
x
g
P S d F
S D
) ( +
c
c

c
c
=
}} }}

















Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 9
4. Main Theorems

1) Fundamental Theorem of Calculus for Line Integrals:
}
= V
C
a r f b r f r d f )) ( ( )) ( (









2) Greens Theorem: Let C be a positively oriented, let D be the region
bounded by C, .


dA
y
P
x
Q
Qdy Pdx r d F
C D c
) (
c
c

c
c
= + =
} }} }

Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 10
3) Stokes Theorem: }} }
=
S C
dS F curl r d F

4) Divergence Theorem: }} }}}
=
S E
dV F div S d F
































Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 11
Partial Differential Equations

1) Classification of PDEs: order, number of variables, linear vs nonlinear,
homogeneous vs non-homogeneous, constant vs variable coefficients, parametric,
elliptic and hyperbolic second order linear PDEs.

















2) Heat equation: derivation, equilibrium temperature distributions, boundary
conditions (prescribed and Newtons law of cooling), solution by separation of
variables





















Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 12
3) Fourier series: General Fourier series, computation of Fourier coefficients,
Fourier sine and cosine series.

















4) Wave equation on [0, L]: derivation and boundary conditions, solution by
separation of variables















Wave equation on (-, ): DAlembert solution









Math2810U Review Final April, 2013 13
5) Laplaces equation: solution by separation of variables; solution in a circular disk
is enrichment material