: a n .

an S n
S n a1 a2 an .

n 1

a1 a 2 a n .

S n n - .
S n .
:

a
n 1

S n A .

a
n 1

A.

.
:
1) lim S n .
n

2) lim S n ,
n

a
n 1

..

.
1:

1 q q 2 q n .

n 1

q ?
: 1) q 1

1 q n1
1
.

n 1 q
1 q

lim 1 q q 2 q n lim
n

q 1, lim 1 q q q .
q 1, lim 1 q q q .

3) q 1, lim 1 q q 2 q n .
n

4)
5)


1:

a
n 1

, lim a n 0 .
n

1
1
1
: 1
2
n
n 1 n
2:

an
n 1

b
n 1

A B

. :
1)

ca
n 1

2)

a
n 1

cA .
bn A B .

3: ( )

a
n 1

0, n0 N n n0

k N , S nk S n an1 ank .

..

1
,
2

2n

i 2

i n 1

1
1
1 1

n 1 n 2
2n 2

1
1

n k 2n
1 1
n

2n 2
.. .

4: ) .
) lim rn 0 .
n

a
n 1

an 0, n N .

S n - .
S n , lim S n .
n

S n lim S n .
n

1: ( )
)

b
n 1

a n bn

an c bn

n N

a n ;
n 1

n 1

n 1

an bn

an
K , 0 K ,
n b
n

) lim

a
n 1

n 1

an
0, * .
n b
n

) lim

) n N ,

a n 1 bn 1
* .

an
bn

1 2
n 1

1
1
n ,
n
1 2
2

2
n 1

, 1

1
.
n
n 1 1 2

3)

n 1

n(n 1) n .

1
n(n 1)

1
;
n
n(n 1)

n 1

1
n(n 1)

, 1

n 1

2: ( )
f : a, R ,

a 0 . :

f ( x)dx

f (n) .
n 1

1
.
n 2 n log n

: 1)

1
. ,
n log n
f .

f ( n)

dx
dt

2 x log x log 2 t log t log 2 ,

, .
3: ( DAlambert )

a
n 1

a n 1
L :
n a
n

lim

1) L 1,

a
n 1

2) L 1,

..

..

a
n 1

3) L 1 , .
:

n 1

DAlambert.
1
a n 1 n 1!
n!
n!
1

1
n 1! n!(n 1) n 1
an
n!

n! .

a n1
1
lim
0 1 ,
n

an
n 1

lim

DAlambert

n! .

n 1

4: ( )

n 1

lim n an L , :
n

1) L 1,

a
n 1

2) L 1,

a
n 1

..

..

3) L 1 , .
5: ( )

n 1

a
bn 0 . lim bn n bn 1 L
n
a n 1

1) L 0 a n ..
n 1

2) L 0

an ..
n 1

a
n 1

a
n 1

3) L 0 , .

a n .

n 1

n 1

a n a1 a 2 a3

.
:

1
n 1

n 1

a n ,

a n . .
:

1
n 1

a n

n 1

1
.
n

1
1
, lim 0 ,
n n
n

 ,
.
: ( )
1)

n 1

n 1

a n ;

2) rm

n 1

n m 1

a n a m1 ,

sgn rm 1 ;
m

3) S n S S n1 S n1 S S n

1n1 ,

2
n 1 n a

a 0 .

10 2 ?
: rn n 1 a

rn 10 2 10 2 n 1 a
10 2 n 1 a

10 n 1 a
9a n

1
1 1 1
: 1
4
3 5 7
n 1 2n 1
.

2 n 1

1k

2k 1

2n

1k

4 k 0 2k 1
.
k 0

: ( )
bn lim bn 0 .
n

S n

a n ,
n 1

a b
n 1

n n

: bn
S n

a
n 1

a b
n 1

n n

ln n
n
.
sin
4
n 1 n

2
3
n
n - S n sin sin
.
sin
sin
4
4
4
4

n 1
n
sin
sin
n
n
1
8
4
sin

4
k 1
sin
sin
8
8
n 3 ,
:

n n 1 n 1 / ln
n

(n 1) ln n n ln( n 1)
ln n ln( n 1)

n
n 1
ln n
ln n
bn
0
lim
n

n
n

ln n
n
sin
4
n 1 n

.
: ( )

a
n 1

bn

a b
n 1

n n

: ( )

x
n 1

a
n 1

. n0 N

n n0 , xn a n . :
1)

a n
n 1

x
n 1

2)

xn
n 1

a
n 1

an

1:

n 1

n 1

. .

1n1 1 .

n
n 1

n 1

1)

a
n 1

2) a n ,
n 1

n 1

n 1

S 1

a
n 1

1
.
n

1 1 1

2 3 4

x
n 1

y
n 1

z
n 1

z n x0 y n x1 y n1 xn y 0 xn y n .
n 1

x
n 1

Y .

x
n 1

y n XY .

P1 x1 ,
P2 x1 x2 Pn x1 x2 xn

Pn -

x
n 1

x1 x2 xn

y
n 1

n 1

Pn P 0 .
.

1: x n , lim xn 1 .
n

n 1

1 n .
n 1

1
lim 1 1
n
n
n
n 1
1 2 3
Pn 1
n 1
n 1 2
n
i 1
.

n 1

xn 0

y
n 1

y n ln xn

:
e yn e y1 y2 yn e ln x1 ln xn e ln x1 e ln x2 e ln xn x1 xn Pn .

1 n
n2

1
.
1

1
2 2 33
nn
2n

lim 1 2

lim
2.
lim
n
n

n 1n 1
1 2 2 4
n 1
n 1
i 2
n

X R,

F X f : X R

: N F X :
1
2
n

f1

fn

f2

fn

f n

0 , n0 N

f n x f x , x X .

n n0

 f n
lim f n x f x .
n

:
X x X

fn

:
(

f lim f n x f x
n

f n f n ).

:
f n f n x x n 0,1 .
0, x 1
lim x n
.
n
1, x 1
1
1
, x n0 f x
x 0,1.
2
2

1
x f x n0
2

1
,
2

n0

n0

n0

1
,
2

.
: f n X .

f
n 1

f1 f 2 f n - X .

Fn x f1 x f n x n - .

Fn - .
:

f
n 1

( ) F

X
( ) F X .
:

1 x x2 xn

n1

Fn x 1 x x 2 x n
1 x n 1
1
lim Fn x lim

n
n 1 x
1 x
F x .

.
: ( )

f
n 1

a
n 1

: a n 0 n0 N n n0 f n x an .

a
n 1

f
n 1

fn

X.

n N

1) lim f x lim an
x x0

x 0

lim f n x an R .
n

n 1

n 1

2) lim f n x An - .
x x0

: 1) lim lim f n x lim lim f n x

n x x0

n 1

n 1

x x0 n

2) lim f n x lim f n x .
x x0

x x0

X a, b .
1: ( )
1) f n

X a, b f n X a, b , ..

lim f n x f x .
n

2) f n x f n .
n 1
n 1

2: ( )
1) g n

g X a, b x0 a, b .
x
g n t dt
x0

x g t dt .
x0

2)

n 1 x0

x0

g n t dt Gt dt .

c x x ,
n 1

cn R, x0 X , n N - .

x x0 ,
x x0 .
R .

x | lim

c x x

n 1

, :

cn x x0 1 .
1

lim n c n
n

R 0 ;
R R .
x x0 R, x0 R , r R .

xn
: .
n 1 n
cn

1
, x0 0 .
n

n 1 n

1
n 1

1
n

.
x 1

n 1

x 1

n 1

x 1

1
.
n

xn
.

n 1 n

1;1 .
1:

c
n 1

x 1

lim f x cn .
x 1

n 1

x n R 1 .

cn .
n 1

c
n 1

x n f x , x 1,1 .

1
1 x x2 x3
1 x
:

x2 x3

2
3
1 1 1
ln 2 1
2 3 4
1
:
1 x2 x4 x6
2
1 x
:

xn

n 1

ln 1 x x

x3 x5

3
5
1 1
lim arctgx 1
x 1
3 5

1 1
1
4
3 5
arctgx x

f x0 X .
:

f x0
f x0
f n x0
f n x
n
2
x x0 f x0
x x0
x x0
x x0 n

n!
1!
2!
n!
n 1
f .
x0 0 f .

k n 1

f k x
x x0 k Rn1 - .
k!
x

Rn 1

1
f n 1 t t n dt .
n! x0

f n x M n , n n0 N , X -

f .

ex
n 0

xn
x x2
xn
1

n!
1! 2!
n!

2n

x 2 n 1
n x
;
cos x 1
2n 1!
2n !
n 1
n 0

.

sin x 1

n 1

: f a, b a, b ,
Pn
f .