Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 2013.

30 (1) : 47-51

Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition

Effect of Supplementing Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzyme Cocktail on Nutrient Utilization in Sheep Fed on Maize Stover Based Total Mixed Ration
T. Vijay Bhasker1, D. Nagalakshmi2*, D. Srinivasa Rao3 and T. Raghunandhan4
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Andhra Pradesh (India)

ABSTRACT
In an experiment, 12 ram lambs (6-8 months; 20.342.369 kg body weight) were offered maize stover based total mixed ration (roughage : concentrate 50:50) either with or without exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE; 12800 cellulase and 12800 xylanase IU /g DM stover). The lambs were fed with respective diets for a preliminary period of 21 days followed by 7 days collection period. Supplementation of EFE had no significant effect on DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE digestibilities except for higher (P<0.05) CF digestibility. The fibre fraction digestibilities were comparable between the groups. Though insignificant, a 4% increase in DCP and TDN was observed upon EFE supplementation. The present study indicated an improvement in nutrient digestibility and nutritive value of TMR containing 50% maize stover with EFE supplementation, except CF digestibility. This indicated that either higher enzyme concentration was required or change in mode of enzyme application, requiring further investigations. Key words: Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, nutrient utilization, maize stover, sheep

INTRODUCTION Crop residues will continue to be used as staple source of feed for ruminants in most of the tropical countries. Crop residues although rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, the protein content and digestibility are low. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) work in synergy with the endogenous rumen microbiological enzymes and has potential to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of high fibrous diet (Morgavi et al., 2000 and Yang et al., 1999). Improvement in dry matter and neutral detergent fiber degradability of hays, hay based total mixed rations (TMR) and silages using exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) supplementation was noticed (Eun and Beauchemin, 2006; Gallardo et al., 2010; Giraldo et al., 2007a; Pinos Rodriguez et al., 2007) on low fiber and high concentrate diets. The action of enzymes is target specific (Pinos Rodriguez et al., 2002) and thus fibrolytic enzyme mixtures developed for concentrate or silage based diets might not be effective for straw based diets. Hence, there is a need to develop suitably designed enzyme mixtures which improve digestion and nutrient utilization of crop residues. Vijay Bhasker (2011) reported

higher in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro sugar release from maize stover (MS) with fibrolytic enzyme combination of 12800 IU cellulase and 12800 IU xylanase/ g substrate. In this context, the proposed study was carried out to test the effect of above EFE combination supplemented to maize stover based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient utilization in sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cellulase and xylanase enzymes used in the study had an activity of 10, 00,000 and 16, 00,000 IU/g, respectively. A TMR was formulated with maize stover as sole roughage source in roughage concentrate ratio of 50:50 (MS). The maize stover was chopped to 0.5 to 1.0 cm length and mixed with concentrate mixture (35% groundnut cake, 40% maize, 22% deoiled rice bran, 2% salt and 1% mineral mixture and vitamin AD3 (20g/q). To prepare EFE enriched TMR (MS + EFE), a calculated amount of EFE (cellulase-xylanase 12800-12800 IU/g maize stover) was added to the concentrate portion of TMR and thoroughly mixed. The enriched concentrate mixture was then added to the chopped maize stover and

1 M.V.Sc student, 2*Associate professor and corresponding author, E-mail : dnlakshmi@rediffmail.com, 3Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, 4Professor, Livestock Research Institute, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030

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manually mixed in a large tub for about 10 minutes before feeding to sheep daily. Twelve Deccani ram lambs (6-8 months) with an average body weight of (20.342.369 kg) were randomly distributed into 2 groups. To one group, MS was offered and it served as control, while to other group EFE enriched TMR (MS + EFE) was offered. All ram lambs were dewormed at the beginning of the experiment and vaccinated against enterotoxaemia and peste de petites ruminants (PPR). The respective rations were offered twice daily at 9.00 AM and 3.00 PM for a preliminary period of 21 days, followed by 7 days digestion cum metabolic trial (2 days acclimatization period, followed by 5 days of collection period). The animals were offered weighed quantities of respective rations to meet the nutrient requirements (ICAR, 1998) and leftover was weighed daily. Clean, fresh water was readily available to all animals. During the metabolic trial, animals were kept in well ventilated individual metabolic cages with feeding and watering facilities. Daily record of feed offered, left over was made and quantitative collection of faeces and urine voided for 24 h was recorded. Faecal collection was made by using faecal collection bags harnessed to the ram lambs. Daily urine output of each ram lambs was measured by collecting the urine in glass bottles kept at the bottom of the metabolic cages, with few drops of toluene added to the urine bottles as a preservative. The lambs were weighed before and after

the metabolic trial. Feed ingredients, feed offered, feed refusal and faecal and urine samples were analyzed for proximate constituents (AOAC, 1997), fiber fractions (Van Soest et al., 1991). The DE and ME values were calculated using factors 4.41 and 3.62, respectively from TDN (NRC, 1978) The data subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using 16th version of statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 1995) and comparison of means was tested as per studentst-test (Snedecor and Cochran, 1989). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The chemical composition of two experimental rations, maize stover and concentrate mixture is given in Table 1. The maize stover contained 3.8 % crude protein (CP) and 48.3 % crude fire (CF) and were comparable to that reported by Faftine and Zanetti (2010). The maize stover based TMR had 10.4 % CP, 41.45 % acid detergent fiber (ADF) and 30.78 % cellulose and supplementation of EFE did not affect the chemical composition of TMR. Dean et al. (2005) and Krueger and Adesogan (2007) reported higher nutrient digestion with addition of EFE to concentrate portion of TMR due to adequate pre-ingestion enzyme substrate complex interaction. In the present study, though the EFE was supplemented to concentrate portion of maize stover based TMR, except for higher CF digestibility, no effect was observed on

Table 1. Chemical composition (on %DM basis) of experimental diets, maize stover and concentrate mixture. Nutrient Organic matter Crude protein Crude fibre Ether extract Nitrogen free extract Neutral detergent fibre Acid detergent fibre Hemicellulose Cellulose Total mixed ration (TMR) MS 86.67 10.43 28.70 2.75 44.79 66.29 41.45 24.84 30.78 MS + EFE 86.77 10.84 28.25 2.82 44.85 65.38 42.97 22.41 30.12
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Maize stover 86.25 3.84 48.31 0.76 33.34 89.23 55.19 34.04 43.41

Concentrate mixture 85.36 15.78 8.46 3.41 57.80 40.28 21.12 19.16 15.65

Effect of fibre degrading enzymes in sheep

Table 2. Digestibility coefficients of nutrients (%) in ram lambs fed experimental diets Attribute Average intake (g/ kg W0.75) Dry matter Organic matter Crude protein Proximate principle Dry matter Organic matter Crude protein Ether extract Crude fibre Nitrogen free extract Fibre fraction Cell contents Neutral detergent fibre Acid detergent fibre Hemicellulose Cellulose
ab

MS 71.468.53 62.187.41 7.580.90 55.241.31 64.451.72 63.753.61 82.800.50 46.20b1.20 70.072.57 78.280.51 43.311.56 40.511.53 61.712.31 33.911.61

EFE 68.368.36 60.587.38 7.900.97 56.592.21 65.291.69 61.121.60 88.623.11 51.96a1.87 68.131.91 77.712.03 45.402.45 42.022.91 61.081.54 34.433.40

SEM 5.71 4.99 0.63 1.245 1.155 1.922 1.740 1.371 1.552 1.002 1.421 1.584 1.326 1.796

P value 0.800 0.882 0.816 0.610 0.735 0.520 0.095 0.027 0.558 0.791 0.489 0.669 0.826 0.891

Means bearing different superscripts in a row differ significantly P<0.05

DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE digestibilities (Table 2). Such positive effect was reported by many workers with EFE supplemented to wheat straw based TMR in Murrah buffaloes (Chandra Shekhar et al., 2010) and sheep (Titi and Tabbaa, 2004), alfalfa hay + corn stover based TMR in finishing steers (Carreon et al., 2010) and grass hay based diet in sheep (Giraldo et al., 2008). Giraldo et al., (2007b and c) indicated that EFE supplementation stimulate initial phases of microbial colonization, thereby

increasing the fibre digestion. No significant effect of EFE supplementation was observed on fibre fraction digestibility, though a numerical increase was observed. Similarly Reddish and Kung (2007) and Pinos Rodriguez et al., (2007) reported no effect on fiber digestibility in ruminants fed hay or silage based TMR supplemented with EFE. The daily DCP, TDN, DE and ME intake per kg metabolic weight of lambs fed on maize stover based TMR with or without EFE supplementation, indicated that

Table 3. Nutritive value and plane of nutrition of ram lambs fed different experimental diets. Diet Nutritive value DCP (%) TDN (%) DE (M cal/kg) ME (M cal/kg) Plane of nutrition DCP (g/ kg W0.75) TDN (g/ kg W0.75) DE ( K cal/kg W0.75) ME (K cal/kg W0.75) TMR-MS 6.780.42 56.941.66 2.510.07 2.060.03 4.850.64 40.825.18 180.0222.82 147.6218.71 TMR -MS+EFE 7.060.18 59.421.49 2.620.07 2.150.02 4.830.61 40.705.16 179.4922.75 147.6218.71 SEM 0.222 1.125 0.050 0.041 0.412 3.483 15.360 12.595 P value 0.548 0.292 0.292 0.292 0.980 0.987 0.987 0.987

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the lambs fed on both the diets were maintained at same plane of nutrition (Table 3). Similar trend indicating no effect on nutrient intake was reported by Chandra shekar et al., (2010) in Murrah buffaloes. CONCLUSION From the present study, it could be concluded that supplementation of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes comprising of 12800 cellulase- 12800 xylanase IU/g DM maize stover improved digestibility of crude fibre with no effect on digestibility of other nutrients. This indicated that either higher enzyme concentration was required or change in mode of enzyme application, requiring further investigations. REFERENCES
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M.V.Sc Thesis. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, (Andhra Pradesh) INDIA. Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A., and Rode, L.M. 1999. Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 391-403.

Received on 02-06-2012 and Accepted on 18-01-2013

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