ECEG07 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION PRELIM. JUNE162011.

NOISE FIGURE (NF)

NF = 10log(F)
Where: F = noise factor

SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO

SNR1 = S1/N1 SNR1 (db) = S1-N1

SNR0 = S0/N0 SNR0 (db) = S0-N0

NOISE FACTOR Noise Factor is the ratio of SNR at its input to the ratio of the SNR at its output.

Noise Factor Noise Factor Noise Figure

db

: SNR1 = S1/N1 : SNR1 (db) = S1-N1 : NFdb = 10log(Noise Factor)

ECEG07 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION PRELIM. JUNE162011.

NOISE TEMPERATURE

TOUT = G (Tampl + Tsource)

Where: G Tampl Tsource = power gain in dB = noise temperature of amplifier = noise temperature of source

EQUIVALENT NOISE TEMPERATURE - Another way of specifying the noise performance of a device.

Teq = 290 (NF - 1)

Where: Teq NF = noise temperature = noise figure

TOTAL NOISE INPUT

NO = (NF) Ni A

NOISE EQUIVALENT AT THE INPUT

Neq = (NF - 1) Ni

ECEG07 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION PRELIM. JUNE162011.

CASCADE AMPLIFIERS

For 2 amplifier in cascade

NFT = NF1 + (NF2 1 / A1)

In ratio

NFN = NF1 + (NF2 1 / A1) + (NF3 1 / A1 A2) +

If in dB

NFT = NF1 + (NF2 1 / A1) + (NF3 1 / A1 + A2) +

ECEG07 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION PRELIM. JUNE162011.

Example:

A 3 stage amplifier with the following specification: STAGE 1 2 3 POWER GAIN 10 25 30 NOISE FIGURE 2 4 5

Compute for a) AT b) NFT c) Teq

SOLUTION:
a) Power Gain Total AT = A1 A2 A3 AT = 10 25 30 AT = 7500 b) Noise Figure Total NFT = NF1 + (NF2 1 / A1) + (NF3 1 / A1 A2) NFT = 2 + (4 1 / 10) + (5 1 / 10 25) NFT = 2.316 c) Noise temperature for the entire amplifier Teq = 290 (NF - 1) Teq = 290 (2.316 - 1) Teq = 381.64K