MSN 555 Nanomaterials Processing by Intense Laser Beam

MSN 555 Nanomaterials Processing by Intense Laser Beam

Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers Edited by: S.C. Singh, H.B. Zeng, C. Guo and W. Cai WILEY-VCH Publication, Germany

MSN 555 Nanomaterials Processing by Intense Laser Beam

Powerful lasers enable a broad range of new possibilities in micro and nano materials processing. Requirements of modern micro- and nanotechnologies for the material processing can be fulfilled by laser fabrication. It offers versatile

methods for cutting, drilling, ablation, internal modification of a variety of

engineering materials. Laser fabrication has particular benefits compared to other fabrication technologies (chemical wet etching, electro-erosion, etc.) because it is a non-contact process with high accuracy, repeatability and flexibility.

Why Lasers?
LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Sun

Flashlight

LASER

Light source Sun

Light power 1026 Watt

Power density 5 x 102 W/cm2

Filament-lamp
He-Ne-Laser CO2 Laser Pulsed Laser

3 Watt
1 mWatt 60 Watt 1 GWatt

10-2 W/cm2
4 x 104 W/cm2 5 x 106 W/cm2 1014 W/cm2
Dr. Andrs Lasagni Chair of Functional Materials Summer Semester 2007

Why Lasers?
LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

LASER made a profound impact on many areas !!!!

Why Lasers?
Laser was invented 50 years ago. Lasers have so many important physical properties that today they are in use almost everywhere, from computers to medical operation rooms and car factories.
- Every CD or DVD burner has a laser inside. - More than 10 different kinds of lasers are used to make a car. - Lasers are used to treat many diseases. - Lasers help us understand the nature. - Telecommunication links are mostly based on lasers. - They make cool visual shows. - They save your time in supermarkets. - Lasers are called: Solution looking for a problem!.
Dr. Seluk Aktrk FIZ 532E Lasers and Photonics Lecture

Course Instructor Asst. Prof. Blend Orta E-mail: ortac@unam.bilkent.edu.tr Office: UNAM 105 Phone: 3526

Course Assistant
Canan Kurungz E-mail: ckursungoz@gmail.com Office: UNAM 110

Course Hours Monday 10.40 12.30 Thursday 08.40 09.40 At Physics Department (SAZ02)
Course Hours

Course Style Credits The presentation styles and many slides have been prepared from several books, scientific articles and reports.

Prerequisites
You are supposed to have taken at least an elementary course on Optics. Optics and Laser physics will be fundamental to most of our topics. We will spend the first lectures on basic Laser Optics.

You will need to review some basic Optics concepts as they appear.

Resources
The course texbook: - A. E. Siegman, Lasers, (Univ Science Books, 1986). - O. Svelto, Principles of Lasers, (4 ed: Plenum Press, 2007). - P. Schaaf, Laser processing of materials, (Springer, 2010). - J. F. Ready, Industrial applications of lasers, (2 ed: Academic Press, 1997). - W. M. Steen and J. Mazumder, Laser material processing, (4 ed: Springer, 2010). - E. Kannatey-Asibu, Principles of laser materials processing, (Wiley, 2009) - WIKIPEDIA

LASERFEST
We are celebrating the 50th birthday of lasers. http://www.laserfest.org/

Research Interests
Development of powerful fiber lasers and amplifiers Application of laser systems

In our Research Group we mainly focus on the following areas: Development of fiber-based ultra-long and ultra-short pulse oscillators Ultra-compact (all-fiber) environmentally-stable laser sources Development and applications of saturable absorbers Continuous-wave fiber lasers Development of powerful fiber amplification systems Combining of pulsed and continuous-wave laser systems Scientific and industrial applications of powerful fiber laser systems Group Web = www.nano.org.tr/~bortac

Real world applications of laser systems

Micro and nano material processing

Laser assisted electrophysiology system (Laser nanosurgery)

Nanoparticules - Nanocomposite developments

Syllabus Week 1 Introductory concepts I: Laser generation and optics

Week 2
Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6

Introductory concepts II: Fundamentals of laser concepts

Introductory concepts III: Fundamentals of laser concepts II Laser beam delivery systems Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment I) Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment II)

Syllabus Week 1 Introductory concepts I: Laser generation and optics

Week 2
Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6

Introductory concepts II: Fundamentals of laser concepts

Introductory concepts III: Fundamentals of laser concepts II Laser beam delivery systems Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment I) Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment II)

Characterization of laser systems

Pulse profile and quality Spectral and temporal domain

Repetition rate Energy and average power

Laser
(R=1)

Pump
Dispersion Management Active Medium Saturable Absorber

(R<1)

Noise performance Amplitude and timing jitter

Self starting Compactness

Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems

Laser System Location: 1L33

Power

Power

cw
Time

Power

Q-switch
Time

ML
Time

Tsunami Ultrafast Ti:Sapphire Lasers

The Tsunami mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser provides the wide pulse width range, the broad wavelength coverage and the high power levels of ultrafast oscillator. It also offers the best long-term stability and reliability in femtosecond domain.
Key features: Pulse duration: 100 fs, Central wavelength : 750 nm 810 nm, Output power: 800 mW, Repetition rate: 80 MHz, Pulse energy: 10 nJ

Menlo Ultrafast Er-doped Fiber Lasers

The models of the C-Fiber series are erbium-doped fiber laser. They are available with various power levels, and offer a high-degree of flexibility in terms of custom solutions such as userdefined repetition rates and freely configurable optical output ports. The passively mode-locked state-of-the-art laser offers turnkey operation through an embedded microcontroller. Key features: Pulse duration: 250 fs, Central wavelength : 1550 nm, Output power: 20 mW, Repetition rate: 20 MHz, Pulse energy: 1 nJ

Empower Pulsed Green Lasers

The Empower series is the next generation of high power pulsed green solid state lasers from Spectra-Physics. These Q-switched Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Nd:YLF) lasers deliver an average output power of up to 30 W at 527 nm and pulse repetition rates from 1 kHz to 10 kHz with pulse duration of 5 ns. Ideal for pumping Ti:Sapphire amplifiers such as the SpectraPhysics Spitfire series, the Empower pulse energies are as high as 30 mJ.

CW and pulsed laser systems

Tsunami Ti:Sapphire Laser Pulse duration Central wavelength Output power Repetition rate Pulse energy Laser operation mode 100 fs 750-810 nm 800 mW 80 MHz 10 nJ Pulsed / CW

Menlo Ultrafast Erdoped Fiber Laser 250 fs 1550 nm 20 mW 20 MHz 1 nJ Pulsed / CW

Empower Pulsed Green Laser 100 ns 527 nm 16 W 1 kHz 16 mJ Pulsed

Characterization of laser systems in spectral domain

Yokogawa AQ6370C OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER PERFORMANCE Wavelength range: 600 to 1700 nm High wavelength resolution: 0.02 nm Wide dynamic range: 78 dB typ. Fast measurement: 0.2 sec. (100nm span) Applicable to single-mode and multimode fibers

Characterization of laser systems in temporal domain

Digital oscilloscope LeCroy, WaveRunner Xi 64Xi Nominal Analog Bandwidth: 600 MHz Rise Time (typical): 500 ps Input Channels: 4

DET36A - Si Detector Wavelength : 350-1100 nm Rise Time: 14 ns Area: 13 mm2

Characterization of laser systems in temporal domain

APE PulseCheck Autocorrelator Scan ranges: 150 fs...15 ps Measurable pulse width: < 120 fs ... 35 ps Laser repetition rate: depending on optics set NIR 700 1100 nm IR 1000 1600 nm

Characterization of laser systems : output power

Laser Power Meter, Analog, 407A Compact and affordable Analog laser power meter Capable of high power density handling Thermopile detector capable of measuring from mW to > 20 W included

Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems: Beam delivery systems

Free Space Laser Beam Delivery Systems Fiber Optic Laser Beam Delivery Systems

Syllabus Week 1 Introductory concepts I: Laser generation and optics

Week 2
Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11

Introductory concepts II: Fundamentals of laser concepts

Introductory concepts III: Fundamentals of laser concepts II Laser beam delivery systems Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment I) Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment II) Fundamentals of laser materials interactions, laser ablation and thin film deposition Laser cutting and welding Laser nano drilling, surface modification, laser nanosurgery applications and laser nanostructure generation Student presentations section I Student presentations section II

Student presentation
The student presentation is one of the most important parts of this course. You will practice many skills including literature search. The topic can be anything of your interest (as long as approved by the instructor) in the area of Lasers, Photonics and Nanotechnology, fundamental or applied. Example topics: - Nano structuring - Nano particles and nano composites - Nano materials characterization - Nanosurgery - Nano structure imaging - ... You should study several scientific papers on the same topic. The presentations will be due on the 11. week of the semester.

Syllabus Week 1 Introductory concepts I: Laser generation and optics

Week 2
Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14

Introductory concepts II: Fundamentals of laser concepts

Introductory concepts III: Fundamentals of laser concepts II Laser beam delivery systems Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment I) Characterization of CW and pulsed laser systems (Laboratory experiment II) Fundamentals of laser materials interactions, laser ablation and thin film deposition Laser cutting and welding Laser nano drilling, surface modification, laser nanosurgery applications and laser nanostructure generation Student presentations section I Student presentations section II Characterization of nanofluids generated by intense laser beam (Laboratory experiment I) Characterization of nanofluids generated by intense laser beam (Laboratory experiment II) Term Project reports

Term project report

The term project is the most important part of this course. You will practice many advanced instruments including basic concepts. You will have the ability to learn about the characterization of nano materials. The term project topic is the characterization of nano particles generated in water by the pulsed laser beam. The nanoparticles are based on gold (Au), silver (Ag) or Titanium (Ti) materials. Every student will study one of these noble materials.

Term project report

1- You should study several scientific results on the same topic. 2- You should search the sample preparation techniques for better characterization. 3- You can exchange ideas with UNAM engineers and fell free to collaborate. 4- You can practice with the instruments. 5- Compare your results with literature and add your comments.

6- The report will be due on the last week of the semester.

Term project report

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
SEM + EDAX

Make: FEI Model: Quanta 200 FEG Location: UNAM-M03

Term project report

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

Intensity (a. u.)

Make: Thermo Model: K-Alpha - Monochromated high-performance XPS spectrometer Location: UNAM-BL23

Ge3d d5/2

Ge3d d3/2

Ge3d GeO2

40

35

30

25

Binding Energy (eV)

Term project report

UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer

Model: LAMBDA 950 Location: UNAM-2L12

Term project report

Zeta Potential (ZetaSizer)

Make: Malvern Location: UNAM-4L23

Term project report

1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 3. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer

4. Zeta Potential (ZetaSizer)

Grading
Midterm (20 % in total)
There will be several short quizzes during the lecture concerning the progress.

Student presentation (30 %)

Choose a topic (anything that has to do with laser processing). Do a literature search. Present your results (~15 mins).

Term project report (50 %)

There will be a written report. Term project report covers the characterization of nano particles generated by pulsed laser. You should use several equipments located at UNAM (SEM, Raman Microscope, etc.). Feel free to exchange ideas and collaborate. But DO NOT COPY&PASTE. Write down your own results.

Attendance : 30 %