MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40: U. K. Anandavardhanan IIT Bombay

MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40
U. K. Anandavardhanan
IIT Bombay
November 12, 2009
U. K. Anandavardhanan IIT Bombay MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
2 (vii) Show that (gf f g) = 0.
This is straightforward.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
as all the four sums are individually zero.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
Tutorial Sheet 7.
gf = (gf
x
, gf
y
, gf
z
); f g = (fg
x
, fg
y
, fg
z
).
Thus,
gf f g = (fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
), fg(f
z
g
x
f
x
g
z
), fg(f
x
g
y
f
y
g
x
).
Therefore,
(gf f g) =

x
fg(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
= g
f
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
) + f
g
x
(f
y
g
z
f
z
g
y
)
+fg
(f
xy
g
z
f
xz
g
y
) + fg
(g
xz
f
y
g
xy
f
z
)
= 0
Review
3 (i) r = (x, y, z) and r = |r|. Show that
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Check:
f
x
=
x
r
df
dr
etc.
2
f
x
2
=
d
2
f
dr
2
x
2
r
2
+
df
dr
r
2
x
2
r
3
etc. Thus,
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Review
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Check:
f
x
=
x
r
df
dr
etc.
2
f
x
2
=
d
2
f
dr
2
x
2
r
2
+
df
dr
r
2
x
2
r
3
etc. Thus,
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Review
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Check:
f
x
=
x
r
df
dr
etc.
2
f
x
2
=
d
2
f
dr
2
x
2
r
2
+
df
dr
r
2
x
2
r
3
etc.
Thus,
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Review
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Check:
f
x
=
x
r
df
dr
etc.
2
f
x
2
=
d
2
f
dr
2
x
2
r
2
+
df
dr
r
2
x
2
r
3
etc. Thus,
2
f =
d
2
f
dr
2
+
2
r
df
dr
.
Review
4 (i) Prove that (u v) = v (u) u (v).
Write
u = (u
1
, u
2
, u
3
); v = (v
1
, v
2
, v
3
).
Check both sides. Straightforward.
Review
Write
u = (u
1
, u
2
, u
3
); v = (v
1
, v
2
, v
3
).
Review
Write
u = (u
1
, u
2
, u
3
); v = (v
1
, v
2
, v
3
).
Review
Tutorial Sheet 8.
4 Calculate
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz
where C is the intersection of z = xy and x
2
+ y
2
= 1.
C is given by
r (t) = (cos t, sin t, cos t sin t); 0 t 2.
Thus,
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz =
_
2
0
(sin
2
t + cos
2
t sin t
+cos t(cos
2
t sin
2
t))dt
= .
Review
Tutorial Sheet 8.
4 Calculate
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz
2
+ y
2
= 1.
C is given by
Thus,
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz =
_
2
0
(sin
2
t + cos
2
t sin t
+cos t(cos
2
t sin
2
t))dt
= .
Review
Tutorial Sheet 8.
4 Calculate
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz
2
+ y
2
= 1.
C is given by
Thus,
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz =
_
2
0
(sin
2
t + cos
2
t sin t
+cos t(cos
2
t sin
2
t))dt
= .
Review
Tutorial Sheet 8.
4 Calculate
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz
2
+ y
2
= 1.
C is given by
Thus,
_
C
ydx + zdy + xdz =
_
2
0
(sin
2
t + cos
2
t sin t
+cos t(cos
2
t sin
2
t))dt
= .
Review
5 Consider the helix
r (t) = (a cos t, a sin t, ct)
where a > 0. Parametrize in terms of arc length.
r
(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

ds
dt
= |r
(t)| =
_
a
2
+ c
2
.
Thus,
s(t) =
_
a
2
+ c
2
t.
Thus,
r (s) =
_
a cos
s
a
2
+ c
2
, a sin
s
a
2
+ c
2
,
cs
a
2
+ c
2
_
.
Review
r

ds
dt
= |r
(t)| =
_
a
2
+ c
2
.
Thus,
s(t) =
_
a
2
+ c
2
t.
Thus,
r (s) =
_
a cos
s
a
2
+ c
2
, a sin
s
a
2
+ c
2
,
cs
a
2
+ c
2
_
.
Review
r

ds
dt
= |r
(t)| =
_
a
2
+ c
2
.
Thus,
s(t) =
_
a
2
+ c
2
t.
Thus,
r (s) =
_
a cos
s
a
2
+ c
2
, a sin
s
a
2
+ c
2
,
cs
a
2
+ c
2
_
.
Review
r

ds
dt
= |r
(t)| =
_
a
2
+ c
2
.
Thus,
s(t) =
_
a
2
+ c
2
t.
Thus,
r (s) =
_
a cos
s
a
2
+ c
2
, a sin
s
a
2
+ c
2
,
cs
a
2
+ c
2
_
.
Review
r

ds
dt
= |r
(t)| =
_
a
2
+ c
2
.
Thus,
s(t) =
_
a
2
+ c
2
t.
Thus,
r (s) =
_
a cos
s
a
2
+ c
2
, a sin
s
a
2
+ c
2
,
cs
a
2
+ c
2
_
.
Review
11 Calculate the work done by F(x, y, z) = (y
2
, z
2
, x
2
) along
C : {x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= a
2
} {x
2
+ y
2
= ax}. z 0, a > 0.
_
C
F ds =
_
2
0
(
a
3
8
sin
3
t +
a
3
2
sin
2
t
2
cos t
+
a
3
8
(1 + cos t)
2
cos
t
2
)dt
=
a
3
4
.
Review
11 Calculate the work done by F(x, y, z) = (y
2
, z
2
, x
2
) along
C : {x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= a
2
} {x
2
+ y
2
= ax}. z 0, a > 0.
_
C
F ds =
_
2
0
(
a
3
8
sin
3
t +
a
3
2
sin
2
t
2
cos t
+
a
3
8
(1 + cos t)
2
cos
t
2
)dt
=
a
3
4
.
Review
15 F = f (r )r. Show that F is conservative if f is continuous.
Note: f is not given to be dierentiable. Otherwise could have just
checked curl of F is zero.
Suppose F = . Then,
x
= xf (r ) =
x
r
rf (r ) =
r
x
rf (r ).
Similarly,
y
=
r
y
rf (r );
z
=
r
z
rf (r ).
Thus,
(x, y, z) =
_
r
0
tf (t)dt.
Review
Suppose F = . Then,
x
= xf (r ) =
x
r
rf (r ) =
r
x
rf (r ).
Similarly,
y
=
r
y
rf (r );
z
=
r
z
rf (r ).
Thus,
(x, y, z) =
_
r
0
tf (t)dt.
Review
Suppose F = . Then,
x
= xf (r ) =
x
r
rf (r ) =
r
x
rf (r ).
Similarly,
y
=
r
y
rf (r );
z
=
r
z
rf (r ).
Thus,
(x, y, z) =
_
r
0
tf (t)dt.
Review
Suppose F = . Then,
x
= xf (r ) =
x
r
rf (r ) =
r
x
rf (r ).
Similarly,
y
=
r
y
rf (r );
z
=
r
z
rf (r ).
Thus,
(x, y, z) =
_
r
0
tf (t)dt.
Review
Suppose F = . Then,
x
= xf (r ) =
x
r
rf (r ) =
r
x
rf (r ).
Similarly,
y
=
r
y
rf (r );
z
=
r
z
rf (r ).
Thus,
(x, y, z) =
_
r
0
tf (t)dt.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
First draw the curve. Plot t = 0, /2, , 3/2, 2 and youll see
the shape. Area is given by Green by
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
To apply this, the closed curve is 0 to 2a on the x-axis followed
by 2a to 0 on the cycloid. On the x-axis part, line integral is
clearly zero. Thus, area is
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
First draw the curve.
Plot t = 0, /2, , 3/2, 2 and youll see
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
the shape.
Area is given by Green by
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
by 2a to 0 on the cycloid.
On the x-axis part, line integral is
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
clearly zero.
Thus, area is
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt
= 3a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 9.
4 (ii) Cycloid.
x = a(t sin t), y = a(1 cos t); 0 t 2.
Find the area.
1
2
_
C
xdy ydx.
1
2
_
2a
0
_
a
2
(t sin t) sin t a
2
(1 cos t)(1 cos t)
_
dt = 3a
2
.
Review
4 (iii) Find the area of the region bounded by the limacon
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
First plot the full limacon. i.e., 0 t 2. At t = 0, r = 1.
What does this mean? This means the point is (1, 0). t = /4,
r = 1
2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

t up to /2, rst quadrant. t = /2, (0, 1) etc. Area is
1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
First plot the full limacon. i.e., 0 t 2.
At t = 0, r = 1.
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
What does this mean?
This means the point is (1, 0). t = /4,
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
What does this mean? This means the point is (1, 0).
t = /4,
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
r = 1
2. So the point is in the third quadrant.

t = /3, r = 0.
1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
r = 1

t up to /2, rst quadrant. t = /2, (0, 1) etc.
Area is
1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
r = 1 2 cos t, 0 t /2
and the two axes.
r = 1

1
2
_
C
r
2
dt =
1
2
_
/2
0
(1 2 cos t)
2
dt =
3
4
2.
Review
7 a = a(x, y), b = b(x, y) have continuous partial derivatives on
the unit disc.
a(x, y) = 1, b(x, y) = y
on the boundary circle.
u = (a, b), v = (a
x
a
y
, b
x
b
y
), w = (b
x
b
y
, a
x
a
y
).
Find
_ _
D
u v dxdy and
_ _
D
u w dxdy.
Note:
u v = a(a
x
a
y
) + b(b
x
b
y
) =
x

y
where
= a
2
+ b
2
/2.
Thus,
_ _
D
u v dxdy =
_ _
D
(
x

y
)dxdy =
_
D
dx + dy.
Review
the unit disc.
a(x, y) = 1, b(x, y) = y
u = (a, b), v = (a
x
a
y
, b
x
b
y
), w = (b
x
b
y
, a
x
a
y
).
Find
_ _
D
u v dxdy and
_ _
D
u w dxdy.
Note:
u v = a(a
x
a
y
) + b(b
x
b
y
) =
x

y
where
= a
2
+ b
2
/2.
Thus,
_ _
D
u v dxdy =
_ _
D
(
x

y
)dxdy =
_
D
dx + dy.
Review
the unit disc.
a(x, y) = 1, b(x, y) = y
u = (a, b), v = (a
x
a
y
, b
x
b
y
), w = (b
x
b
y
, a
x
a
y
).
Find
_ _
D
u v dxdy and
_ _
D
u w dxdy.
Note:
u v = a(a
x
a
y
) + b(b
x
b
y
) =
x

y
where
= a
2
+ b
2
/2.
Thus,
_ _
D
u v dxdy =
_ _
D
(
x

y
)dxdy =
_
D
dx + dy.
Review
This is
_
(1 + y
2
)(dx + dy) =
_
2
0
(1 + sin
2
t)(sin t + cos t)dt = 0.
Similarly, take = ab to get in the second part.
Review
This is
_
(1 + y
2
)(dx + dy) =
_
2
0
(1 + sin
2
t)(sin t + cos t)dt = 0.
Similarly, take = ab to get in the second part.
Review
10 (iii) Evaluate
_
C
(ln r )
y
dx
(ln r )
x
dy
where C is a curve around the origin (counterclockwise).
Check:
(ln r )
y
=
y
x
2
+ y
2
;
(ln r )
x
=
x
x
2
+ y
2
.
Thus answer is 2.
Review
10 (iii) Evaluate
_
C
(ln r )
y
dx
(ln r )
x
dy
Check:
(ln r )
y
=
y
x
2
+ y
2
;
(ln r )
x
=
x
x
2
+ y
2
.
Thus answer is 2.
Review
10 (iii) Evaluate
_
C
(ln r )
y
dx
(ln r )
x
dy
Check:
(ln r )
y
=
y
x
2
+ y
2
;
(ln r )
x
=
x
x
2
+ y
2
.
Thus answer is 2.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
1 (iii) Parametrize the cylinder of radius 1 whose axis is x = y = z.
A typical cross-sectional circle can be obtained by intersecting
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
Solve using spherical coordinates for the sphere to get
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
Or one can do the following:
Let e be the unit vector along the axis. Let u be a point on the
cross-sectional circle corresponding to (0, 0, 0). Let
v = e u.Then,
r (, t) = cos u + sin v + te.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
Let e be the unit vector along the axis.
Let u be a point on the
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
cross-sectional circle corresponding to (0, 0, 0).
Let
v = e u.Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.
Then,
Review
Tutorial Sheet 10.
(x a)
2
+ (y a)
2
+ (z a)
2
= 1
with
x + y + z = 3a.
r (a, t) =
_
a
cos t
2 + sin 2t
, a
sin t
2 + sin 2t
, a +
sin t + cos t
2 + sin 2t
_
.
v = e u.Then,
Review
2 (a) Surface W is such that the unit normal at every point makes
constant angle with the z-axis. Show that S
1
= S cos where S
1
is the area of projection of W onto xy-plane and S is area of W.
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
where ax + by + cz = 1. Thus,
S =
_ _
W
xdy dz + ydz dy + zdx dy
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
where ax + by + cz = 1.
Thus,
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
1
= S cos where S
1
Let n = (a, b, c).
S =
_ _
W
dS =
_ _
W
(x, y, z) (a, b, c)dS
S =
_ _
W
=
_ _
D
_
u
a
c
+ v
b
c
+
1 au bv
c
_
dudv
=
1
c
dudv = S/c.
But
c = (0, 0, 1) (a, b, c) = n (0, 0, 1) = cos .
Review
This works for a plane. If W is not a plane, can approximate it by
small parallelograms, use this, sum up and take the limit.
2 (b) If W is a parallelogram not parallel to any coordinate plane,
show that S =
_
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
.
As before,
S =
S
1
c
=
S
2
a
=
S
3
b
.
Thus,
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)S
2
= S
2
since (a, b, c) is a unit vector.
Review
show that S =
_
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
.
As before,
S =
S
1
c
=
S
2
a
=
S
3
b
.
Thus,
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)S
2
= S
2
Review
show that S =
_
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
.
As before,
S =
S
1
c
=
S
2
a
=
S
3
b
.
Thus,
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)S
2
= S
2
Review
show that S =
_
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
.
As before,
S =
S
1
c
=
S
2
a
=
S
3
b
.
Thus,
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)S
2
= S
2
Review
show that S =
_
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
.
As before,
S =
S
1
c
=
S
2
a
=
S
3
b
.
Thus,
S
2
1
+ S
2
2
+ S
2
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)S
2
= S
2
Review
9
F(x, y, z) = (x, (2x + y), z).
Find ux across upper hemisphere with outward normal.
_ _
S
F dS =
_ _
S
xdy dz (2x + y)dz dx + zdx dy
=
_
/2
0
_
2
0
(sin
3
cos
2
(2 sin cos + sin sin ) sin

2
sin
+cos
2
sin )dd
=
2
3
.
Review
9
F(x, y, z) = (x, (2x + y), z).
_ _
S
F dS =
_ _
S
=
_
/2
0
_
2
0
(sin
3
cos
2

2
sin
+cos
2
sin )dd
=
2
3
.
Review
9
F(x, y, z) = (x, (2x + y), z).
_ _
S
F dS =
_ _
S
=
_
/2
0
_
2
0
(sin
3
cos
2

2
sin
+cos
2
sin )dd
=
2
3
.
Review
9
F(x, y, z) = (x, (2x + y), z).
_ _
S
F dS =
_ _
S
=
_
/2
0
_
2
0
(sin
3
cos
2

2
sin
+cos
2
sin )dd
=
2
3
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 11.
1 (b) Verify Stokes. F = (x y, x + z, y + z). S is the cone
z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
intercepted by x
2
+ (y a)
2
= a
2
.
pause
_ _
S
curl F dS =
_ _
S
(0, 0, 2) (cos , sin , 1)rdrd
= 2a
2
.
_
S
F ds =
_
2
0
(a cos a sin a, a cos + 2a, 3a + asin)
(a sin , a cos , 0)d
= 2a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 11.
z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
intercepted by x
2
+ (y a)
2
= a
2
.
pause
_ _
S
curl F dS =
_ _
S
(0, 0, 2) (cos , sin , 1)rdrd
= 2a
2
.
_
S
F ds =
_
2
0
= 2a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 11.
z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
intercepted by x
2
+ (y a)
2
= a
2
.
pause
_ _
S
curl F dS =
_ _
S
(0, 0, 2) (cos , sin , 1)rdrd
= 2a
2
.
_
S
F ds =
_
2
0
= 2a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 11.
z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
intercepted by x
2
+ (y a)
2
= a
2
.
pause
_ _
S
curl F dS =
_ _
S
(0, 0, 2) (cos , sin , 1)rdrd
= 2a
2
.
_
S
F ds =
_
2
0
= 2a
2
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 11.
z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
intercepted by x
2
+ (y a)
2
= a
2
.
pause
_ _
S
curl F dS =
_ _
S
(0, 0, 2) (cos , sin , 1)rdrd
= 2a
2
.
_
S
F ds =
_
2
0
= 2a
2
.
Review
4 Can you compute
_
C
xdy ydx
x
2
+ y
2
by Stokes Theorem? C is the unit circle.
1
No. F extended by
_
y
x
2
+ y
2
,
x
x
2
+ y
2
, 0
_
not dened at (0, 0, z).
1
The question is can you compute the line integral using Stokes and only by
computing a surface integral.
Review
4 Can you compute
_
C
xdy ydx
x
2
+ y
2
1
No.
F extended by
_
y
x
2
+ y
2
,
x
x
2
+ y
2
, 0
_
1
Review
4 Can you compute
_
C
xdy ydx
x
2
+ y
2
1
No. F extended by
_
y
x
2
+ y
2
,
x
x
2
+ y
2
, 0
_
not dened at
(0, 0, z).
1
Review
4 Can you compute
_
C
xdy ydx
x
2
+ y
2
1
No. F extended by
_
y
x
2
+ y
2
,
x
x
2
+ y
2
, 0
_
1
Review
7 Consider a plane with unit normal (a, b, c). If C lies on this
plane, then area of C is
1
2
_
C
(bz cy)dx + (cx az)dy + (ay bx)dz.
curl 1/2(bz cy, cx az, ay bx) = (a, b, c).
Apply Stokes.
Review
1
2
_
C
Apply Stokes.
Review
1
2
_
C
Apply Stokes.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
1 Verify Divergence Theorem. F = (xy
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
Tutorial Sheet 12.
2
, yz
2
, zx
2
). Region:
y
2
+ z
2
x
2
, 0 x 4.
_
4
0
_
x
0
_
2
0
(r
2
+ x
2
)rdrddx = 4
4
6
5
.
_ _
S
1
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
() drd
= 4
4
5
.
_ _
S
2
F dS =
_
4
0
_
2
0
4y
2
dydz
= 4
4
.
Review
9 (a) p is the distance from the origin to the tangent plane at
(x, y, z) to the ellipsoid x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
= 1. Show that
_ _
pdS = 4abc.
Let F = (x, y, z). Then p = F n. Thus,
_ _
pdS =
_ _
Fn dS =
_ _ _
div Fdxdydz = 3.
4
3
abc = 4abc.
Review
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
= 1. Show that
_ _
pdS = 4abc.
Let F = (x, y, z).
Then p = F n. Thus,
_ _
pdS =
_ _
Fn dS =
_ _ _
div Fdxdydz = 3.
4
3
abc = 4abc.
Review
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
= 1. Show that
_ _
pdS = 4abc.
Let F = (x, y, z). Then p = F n.
Thus,
_ _
pdS =
_ _
Fn dS =
_ _ _
div Fdxdydz = 3.
4
3
abc = 4abc.
Review
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
= 1. Show that
_ _
pdS = 4abc.
Let F = (x, y, z). Then p = F n. Thus,
_ _
pdS =
_ _
Fn dS =
_ _ _
div Fdxdydz = 3.
4
3
abc = 4abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.
Review
9 (b)
_ _
1
p
dS =
4
3
abc
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
.
Let g = x
2
/a
2
+ y
2
/b
2
+ z
2
/c
2
.
_ _
1
p
dS =
_ _
n
r n
n dS
=
_ _
g
r g
n dS
=
_ _
g
2
n dS(since r g = 2)
=
_ _ _

2
g
2
dxdydz
=
_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
4
3
abc.

MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40: U. K. Anandavardhanan IIT Bombay

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MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40: U. K. Anandavardhanan IIT Bombay

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MA 105 Calculus: Lecture 40

(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

(t) = (a sin t, a cos t, c).

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

2. So the point is in the third quadrant. t = /3, r = 0.

(2 sin cos + sin sin ) sin

(2 sin cos + sin sin ) sin

(2 sin cos + sin sin ) sin

(2 sin cos + sin sin ) sin

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