www.tomohna.

com

SCF

2013

 )   (


!" (1 

2 Mg + O2 > 2 MgO
)(s

)(g

)(s

-------------------------------(2

8 97: $* ".) +8  $4 !, (6'7 ('& 2/1 / . 3,6 L !, +,*) ('& # $%
2/1 AB / @?  " ,4 > 97:   .
-------------------------------------

A'74 2/ (31 / C% 7 DC :

6-3,6=2,4L

 " A'741 / C% 7 DC :A

v.
2,4 L
=
= 0,1mol
VM 24 L.mol 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------= ) n (o 2

(4 " A'741 /?':

) v(O2
6L
=
= 0,25mol
VM
24 L.mol 1
2Mg +
O2

2 MgO
no
0,25
0
 ?'
no-2x
0,25-x
2x
 
" *$    H  G x " 1 /.DC
,  " A'741 / C% 7 DC  0,1mol :
=n

IB x=0,1mol :
 " A'741 /?>  C% 7:
n(O2)=0,25-x=0,25-0,1=0,15 mol
------------------------------------ (5 " A'741 / C% 7 DCn(o2 ) = 0,1mol :
G A 1 >(1  ( (*, M J8K97:."IB N7 x max = 0,1mol :
(6

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------no-2xmax=0
, 97:    :
2Mg + O2

2 MgO
0
  2x
 0,2 'C7
1

0,25
0,25-x
0,15

no
no-2x
0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------no-2xmax=0
:    97: ,
no(Mg) =2.xmax=0,2mol

(7

'? 97: "

:'? 97:
m=n.M=0,2.24=4,8g
----------------------------------------------. "  " 8" 2( !P/  AB  ?AB  /1  DC A(8

.  P! C7"  DQ,

xmax=0,25mol <= 0,25-xmax=0
:A7! "
O2
no=2xmax=0,5mol
<= no-2xmax=0 : A7! " Mg
. AB  /R  $CR 97: " 0,5mol !P/
:A C! P/ A 97:  IB N7"
m = M .n = 24 g / mol .0,5 = 12 g


:("! 1
4Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) -----> 2 Al2O3 (s).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. (2

0,025<0,07

xmax =0,025mol <===

0,1-4.xmax=0
:7"V ?7,
,
xmax=0,07mol <===
0,21-3.xmax=0
:/R A'7G ?7,
./1 A'74 ?( AW Q .   7"1
xmax=0,025mol.
-
:
: 'C7  %Y' Y %1(  " 4
n(Al)=0,1-4.xmax=0,1-4.(0,025)=0
n(O2)=0,2-3.(0,025)=0,125 mol
n(Al2O3)=2.xmax= 2(0,025)=0,05mol.
:
: 'C7  %Y' Y %1
2

m(Al)=n(Al).M(Al)= 0
n(O2)=n(O2).M(O2) =16g/mol.0,125 mol=2g
M(Al2O3)=2.(27)+3.(16)=102g/mol
n(Al2O3)=M.n=102. 0,05=5,1g.
: C% 7 /1 A'74 2/
V(o2)=n.VM=(0,125 ) . 24 =3L



:( "! 1
3C + 2 Fe2 O3 > 3CO2 + 4 Fe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:  /7 " 
(( 2
m( Fe)
56 g
n( Fe) =
=
= 1mol
M ( Fe) 56 g / mol

n( Fe) = 1mol = 4 x max :   " IB  " 56 g >  C% 7 % 7% ,
x max = 0,25mol :>(1
.
m( Fe2 O3 )
16 g
n( Fe2 O3 ) =
=
= 0,1mol
(3
M ( Fe2 O3 ) 160 g / mol

0,1-2xmax=0 .    Fe2 O3

xmax= 0,05mol
:N7"

A    C% 7 JW P8 A,



Fe2 O3 + 3 CO > 2 Fe+ 3 CO2

(s)

(g)

(s)

(1

(g)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.'? Fe2 O3   "7 (2

(s)

m
3,2 g
=
= 0,02mol
M 160 g / mol

no( Fe2 O3 ) =
C2H6O

+3O2 -> 2CO2 3H2O

'?  t=0 0,02 mol

n(CO2 ) = 3.x max

8B,

2x

3x

 

0,02-x

8B,

'C7

0,02-xmax

8B,

2xmax 3xmax

.   Fe2O3

. x max = 0,02mol :
0,02-xmax=0
= 3.(0,02) = 0,06mol : A   /7 CO2  "# $%  $* "

V (CO2 ) = n(CO2 ).VM = 0,06mol.25L / mol = 1,5L

: ,8Y  A'74 2/ : N7"

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:   /7

( "3
n( Fe) = 2.x max = 0,04mol
m = n.M = 0,04 mol .56 g / mol = 2,24 g : A   /7   IB N7"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C 2 H 6 O + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

(4

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

:A  C% 7 DC /1 A'74  "  $* " (
n(O2 ) = 3 x max = 3.(0,2) = 0,6mol
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( )6
m
2,3 g
n(C 2 H 6 O) =
=
= 0,05mol
M 46 g / mol

V (O2 )
1,5L
=
= 0,06mol
VM
25L / mol
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(
n(O2 ) =

C2H6O

+3O2

2CO2+

3H2O

!

0,05

0,06

?

0,05-x

0,06-3x

2x

3x



0,05-xmax
xmax=0,05mol

2xmax
3xmax
C7
:   C2H6O :  C% 7 7

0,06-3xmax
0,05-xmax=0

xmax=0,02mol

0,06-3xmax=0
:   O2 
. xmax=0,02mol : A, %G_ (? AW Q  /1 A'74
0,02<0,05
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: C% 7 JW P8 (
C2H6O

+3O2

0,05-0,0,02=0,03mol 0,06-3xmax=0

2CO2+

3H2O

0,04mol 0,06mol

!
C7


4Al + 3O2 --------> 2Al2O3
(1
.
:  
(2
4Al + 3O2 --------> 2Al2O3
n1
n2
0
n1-4x n2-3x
2x
:7  $* "
( ) DC /1=  " 3x
(  67 ) Y 7"1=  " 2x
.( ) AW DC 7"1  "  G:4x
x = 1mol : N7" 4 x = 4mol :7 7"1 " 4mol AW "7 (
: n(O2 ) = 3x = 3.(1mol ) = 3mol DC /R A'74  ":A,
: n( Al 2 O3 ) = 2.x = 2.(1mol ) = 2mol Y %"1 " 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x = 0,25mol : N7" 4 x = 1mol :7 7"1 " 1mol AW "7 (
: n(O2 ) = 3x = 3.(0,25mol ) = 0,75mol DC /R A'74  ":A,
: n( Al 2 O3 ) = 2.x = 2.(0,25mol ) = 0,5mol Y %"1 " 

--------------.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x = 0,2mol : N7" 4 x = 0,8mol :7 7"1 " 0,8mol AW "7 (
: n(O2 ) = 3x = 3.(0,2mol ) = 0,6mol DC /R A'74  ":A,
: n( Al 2 O3 ) = 2.x = 2.(0,2mol ) = 0,4mol Y %"1 " 


C3H8 + 5 O2 ------> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
:>1* 
C3H8 5O2 3CO2 4H2O
'?  t=0 2 mol 7 mol
 

2-x

7-5x
6

3x

4x

(1
(2

'C7

2-xmax

3xmax 4xmax

.  AY* R& B(> 1

2-xmax =0 --> xmax=2 mol
7-5xmax = 0 --> xmax=1,4 mol
. /1    A, 8BI, !" , 8? H N7"
x max = 1,4mol

:A / AB JW A'C7 P8 Aa!%

C3H8

5O2

3CO2

4H2O

'C7  2-1,4 = 0,6 mol 0 3*1,4 = 4,2 mol 4*1,4 =5,6 mol
:%G*
C3H8

5O2

'?  t=0 1,5 mol 7 ,5mol

 

1,5-x

7,5-5x

3CO2 4H2O
0

3x

4x

:>(1  7
1,5-xmax =0 --> xmax=1,5 mol
soit 7,5-5xmax = 0 --> xmax=1,5 mol
C% 7 C7"  AW " "  8" 2, $!" /1 A'74 ,8? H N7"
.
C3H8 5O2
'C%

3CO2

4H2O

3.(1,5) = 4,5 mol 4.(1,5) = 6 mol

:
2 H2S + SO2 --


3 S + 2 H2 O
7

(1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2
2H2S SO2 3S 2H2O
'?  5 mol 4 mol 0

 5-2 x 4 - x 3 x 2 x

5-2xmax=0 --> xmax=2,5 mol

: SO2 ? 7,

soit 4-xmax = 0 --> xmax=4 mol

. H2 S

H2S ? 7,

   A, 8BI, !" SO2. H N7"

.:A / AB JW A'C7 P8 Aa!% (3

2H2S
'C7

SO2

3S

2H2O

4-2,5 = 1,5 mol 3.(2,5) = 7,5 mol 2.(2,5) =5 mol

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(4

2H2S

SO2

3S 2H2O

'?  n mol 3,5 mol 0

 n-2 x 3,5 - x 3 x 2 x

(8" ! 2 R ) $ AW "7 A'C7
: x max = 3,5mol
: 3,5 xmax=0
n-2 xmax = 0 --> n =2xmax = 7 mol
:A / AB JW A'C7 P8 Aa!%
2H2S SO2
'C7

3S

2H2O

0 3.(2,5) = 7,5 mol 2.(2,5) =5 mol

: A / 2

( VIII

:

: 
C 2 H 6 O + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

(1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:(  1-2(2

C 2 H 6 O + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

0,2
0,2-x

no

no-3x

0
2x

3x

.%G$ AY* R& B A A 8 R Q" & $ % %G_ "

.xmax=0,2mol<=

0,2-xmax =0

no=3xmax=0,6mol

<=

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

m(CO2 ) = M (CO2 ).n = 44 g / mol.0,4mol = 17,6 g <=

n(CO2 ) = 2.x max = 0,4mol (2-2(2

m( H 2 O) = M ( H 2 O).n = 18g / mol.0,6mol = 10,8 g <=

9

n( H 2 O ) = 3.x max = 0,6mol

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: A  Q $* DC /1 A'74 ( "3-2

V (O2 ) = n.V M = 0,6mol.25L / mol = 15L : DC /1 A'74 2/ IB N7".n=3xmax=0,6mol

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------no (C 2 H 6 O ) =

m
2,3 g
=
= 0,05mol (-1-3(3
M 46 g / mol

no (O2 ) =

v
1,5 L
=
= 0,06mol
VM 25 L / mol

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(-2-3
C 2 H 6 O + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

0,05

0,06

0,05-x

0,06-3x

0
2x

3x
: J8, !" /1 A'74 # $%

./1 A'74   . xmax=0,02mol

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:A'C7 JW P8(3-3
C 2 H 6 O + 3O2 > 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

0,03mol

0,04mol

0,06mol

2 Fe + 3Cl2 -> 2 FeCl3

(1

---------------------------------------------------------.0,25mol : 0,2mol(2
--------------------------------------------------------------(3
2 Fe + 3Cl2 -> 2 FeCl3

10

0.2
0.25
0.2-2x
0.25 -3x

0
2x
(4

xmax=0,1 mol

0,2 -2xmax=0

:   Fe

xmax=0,083mol

0,25 -3xmax=0
. xmax=0,083 mol=83m.mol : A,  (? AW Q  Y A'74

C7

11

:  C% 7 7

:   Cl2 
0,1 >0,083