Who are managers?

A manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to
accomplish organizational goals.

Is there some way to classify the managers in organizations?

In traditionally structured organizations-that is those organizations in which the number of employees is greater at the
bottom than at the top, we classify the managers as under

• First-line managers
• Middle mangers
• Top mangers

First-line mangers:
Mangers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of non-managerial employees, who are involved
with the production or creation of the organization’s products e.g.
 Supervisors
 Line mangers
 Office mangers
 Foreman
Middle mangers:
Include all levels of management between firs-line level and top level of organization. These mangers manage the work
of firs-line managers and may have titles such as
 Department head
 Project director
 Plant manger
 Division manager

Top mangers:
Mangers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and
establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization. Top management may have titles such as
 Executive voice president
 President
 Managing director
 COO
 CEO
 Chairman of the board

What is management?

The process of coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with or through other
people.

Process: Set of logical, integrated and continuous sequence of activities is called a process.

Efficiency: getting the most output from the least amount of input referred to as “doing things right”

Effectiveness:
Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained referred to as “doing the right things.
Management functions or process:
Mangers in the organizations are involved in the following management functions.
 Planning
 Organizing
 Staffing
 Leading
 Controlling
Planning:
Management function that involves the process of
• Defining goals
• Establishing strategies for achieving these goals
• Setting plans of action to integrate and coordinate these activities
Organizing:
Management function that involves the process of determining
• What tasks are to be done
• Who is to do them
• How the tasks are to be grouped
• Who reports to whom
• And where decisions are to be made
Staffing:
Management functions involves the process of
• Recruiting • Entertaining(working conditions,
• Training performance appraisals)
• Motivating • Evaluating
• Compensating/Rewarding • Promoting
• Retaining
Leading:
Management function that involves
Motivating subordinates
Influencing individuals or teams as they work
Selecting most effective communication channels
Dealing with employee behavior issues

Controlling:
Management function that involves
• Setting performance standards
• Monitoring actual performance
• Comparing actual to standard
• Taking corrective action if necessary