Chapter 9 &10 Gene Expression

Gene Expression Chapter 9 & 10

1. Which of the following best illustrates the central dogma of biology? A. DNA RNA protein B. RNA DNA protein C. Protein DNA protein D. Protein RNA DNA 2. Transcription is the process in which: A. Protein is synthesized from DNA B. DNA is replicated C. RNA is synthesized from protein D. RNA is synthesized from DNA E. Protein is synthesized from amino acids 3. Which of these is not found in RNA? A. Nitrogen B. Phosphate C. Deoxyribose D. Purines E. Ribose 4. A retrovirus contains an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that copies its RNA genome into DNA. This is opposite the central dogma because: A. A virus is not an organism B. A virus lacks genetic material C. A retrovirus lacks DNA D. Of the retrograde flow of genetic information E. Of the viral mutation rate 5. The scientists who identified a set of coordinately regulated genes, called an operon, responsible for lactose metabolism in E. Coli were: A. Watson and Crick B. Meselson and Stahl C. Jacob and Monod D. Hershey and Chase E. Linus and Pauling

6. In a bacterial cell, the three genes of the lactose operon are: A. Continuously expressed B. Expressed when lactose is absent C. Expressed when lactose synthesis is required D. Expressed only in the presence of lactose E. Never expressed, they are psuedogenes 7. The enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from a DNA template is: A. DNA polymerase B. RNase C. RNA polymerase D. Reverse transcriptase E. Ligase 8. How do transcription factors function in the expression of genes? A. They initiate transcription B. They associate to initiate translation C. They turn transcription of specific genes on or off D. They halt RNA polymerase at the end of transcription E. They bring amino acids into the ribosome 9. In transcription, the promoter is: A. An enzyme that binds DNA B. A series of proteins that collectively bind to DNA C. A recognition sequence in RNA that attracts ribosomes D. A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds E. A mutation

Chapter 9 &10 Gene Expression

10. Transcription and replication are alike in that both: A. Are guided by complementary base pairing B. Are regulated by homeobox genes C. Require DNA polymerase D. Require a promoter and RNA polymerase E. Are created from an ordered sequence of amino acids 11. The DNA template ATGCGTTA is transcribed into an RNA strand with the sequence: A. TACGCAAT B. UAACGCAU C. UACGCAAU D. AUGCGAAU E. AUGCGUUA 12. In transcription, one DNA strand is transcribed into a(n) _______ RNA strand, which is translated into protein. A. Ribosomal B. TRNA C. Messenger D. Anticodon E. Thymine rich 13. A(n) _______ molecule carries amino acids to the ribosomes where they are joined to form a polypeptide. A. MtDNA B. RRNA C. MRNA D. TRNA E. SiRNA 14. To express a gene, DNA is first transcribed into a corresponding strand of: A. MtDNA B. RRNA C. MRNA D. TRNA E. SiRNA

15. In the model described in the text, ribosomes begin translation of an mRNA transcript at the first: A. Methionine B. Anticodon C. AUG D. Promoter E. SiRNA 16. Ribosomal RNAs: A. Are translated from DNA B. Are synthesized by ribosomes C. Connect codons to amino acids D. Join with proteins to form ribosomes E. Are made from amino acid subunits 17. _______ consist of proteins and RNAs that associate to synthesize proteins. A. Nucleosomes B. Ribosomes C. Acrosomes D. Nuclei E. Histones
18. A codon consists of 3 consecutive: A. DNA bases B. Amino acids C. TRNA bases D. MRNA bases E. Proteins

19. There are _______ different kinds of RNA codons in the genetic code described in the text. A. 3 B. 4 C. 16 D. 64 E. 46

Chapter 9 &10 Gene Expression

20. After transcription and before translation, eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding: A. TRNAs and amino acids B. Amino acids and a poly-A tail C. A cap of modified nucleotides and a poly-A tail D. Ribosomes and tRNAs E. Mutations 21. B is an intron between two exons A and C. Which representation best describes how this region of mRNA will appear after it is transcribed and processed by a spliceosome? A. A-C B. A-B C. B-C D. A-B-C E. B only 22. What is a ribozyme? A. An RNA-protein complex that cleaves DNA B. An enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of ribosomes C. Small RNAs that can catalyze specific chemical reactions D. Stretches of uracils in RNA that direct splicing 23. Which is not true about the genetic code? A. It is triplet B. It is different for humans and bacteria C. It is degenerate D. It is universal E. It has start and stop codons 24. Which mRNA codon halts ribosomes? A. UAG B. AUG C. UUU D. ATG E. Methionine (Met)

25. The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiation complex during _______ of translation. A. Association B. Initiation C. Elongation D. Termination E. Transfer 26. _______ bonds form between amino acids during elongation. A. Phosphodiester B. Disulfide C. Peptide D. Hydrogen E. Glycine 27. The linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide is the _______ structure of a protein. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary E. Chaperone 28. Spongiform encephalopathies, such as mad cow disease, are caused by: A. A degenerate genetic code B. Triplet repeats in genes C. Lack of intron splicing D. Misfolded proteins E. Lack of amino acids in the diet 29. _______ was first documented among people in the remote mountains of New Guinea. A. Alzheimer's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Kuru D. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease E. Scrapie 30. Many transcription factors have common regions termed motifs. A. True B. False
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Chapter 9 &10 Gene Expression

31. Which of the following would be considered transcription factor binding motifs? A. Zinc fingers B. Helix-turn-helix C. Leucine zippers D. All of these 32. Which of the following observations about the genetic code most supports the hypothesis that life evolved from a common ancestor? A. It is a triplet code B. It is universal C. It is degenerate D. Some cells translate the stop codon as a 21st amino acid 33. _______ recognize misfolded proteins and activate the unfolded protein response. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules 34. _______ form new chemical bonds as a protein folds into its final threedimensional shape. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules 35. _______ tag misfolded proteins for refolding or degredation into amino acids. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

36. _______ are tunnel-like structures that degrade misfolded proteins into amino acids. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules 37. Misfolded protein aggregates clog proteosomes and kill cells in which of the following disorders? A. Huntington's disease B. Lewy-body dementia C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Parkinson's disease E. All of these 38. Some researchers point to polymorphisms resistant to _______ as evidence that cannibalism was common among prehistoric humans. A. Huntington's disease B. Lewy-body demetia C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Parkinson's disease E. Prion disease 39. If the percentage of guanine in an mRNA is 25%, what is the percentage of cytosine? A. 20% B. 30% C. 60% D. 40% E. Cannot be determined 40. All of the following are correct except: A. Pre-mRNA contains introns and exons B. Introns may act as ribozymes in the spliceosome C. Introns associate with protein to form snRNPS D. Chaperones fold pre-mRNA to form a spliceosome structure E. Spliceosomes remove introns to create a mature mRNA
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