SPINTRONICS (Nano Magnetism)

UC-Berkeley, Physics Jusang Park PhD.

EDUCATION Ph. D. CONDENSED PHYSICS 2007 HANYANG UNIVERSITY, Seoul, Korea M. S. CONDENSED PHYSICS 1997 HONGIK UNIVERSITY, Seoul, Korea B. S. PHYSICS 1995 ANDONG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Andong, Korea

TECHNICAL EXPERTISE Instrument/ System development: Development and construction of several vacuum processing and measurement systems: UHV- STM, SMOKE, Electron-Beam Evaporation System. Thin film growth: Thermal E-beam evaporation systems. Thermal Evaporation systems. Structural and Surface analysis : Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) , Scan Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Magnetic Characterization: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD), X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD), Spin-Polarized Low Energy Electron Microscopy (SPLEEM), Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID).

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley 2009-present Postdoctoral Associate, Advisor: Prof. Z. Q. Qiu I investigated nano-magnetism in magnetic thin films. Developed and built various vacuum processing and magnetic measurement systems Collaborated with various research partners (LBNL, UC DAVIS, and the other UC Berkeley department) Quantum Photonic Science Research Center in Hanyang University 2006-2009 Additional Doctoral Research: To further dissertation work, studied the fabrication of metallic thin films and numerous Mn oxides, including magnetic alloy. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 2003-2006 Additional Doctoral Research: Investigated exchange bias effect of mono-layers of Fe on Pt (110) by using In-situ SMOKE, XMCD, STM etc. Developed and built UHV-STM and SMOKE measurement systems.

Why nanomagnetism?
Spintronics? Combination of charge and spin in nanostructures
Charge + Spin Scalar + Vector

What nano scale?

2D

1D

0D

FM/AFM interface

Nano-structure

Scalar + vector = more degree of freedom A great example: GMR A better understanding of spin at nano-scale is needed.
Bubble domain

vortex

Exchange bias

How to prepare the sample

double wedge sample with MBE growth Ferromagnetic thin film (Co, Ni, FCT Fe) Curie Temperature Anisotropy Antiferromagnetic thin film (FeMn) Neel Temperature Magnetic disorder Nonmagnetic thin film (Cu, FCC Fe) Interlayer coupling strength NiO/Fe(15ML)/Ag(001) & CoO/Fe(15ML)/Ag(001) MBE grown sample Focused Iron Beam (FIB) 30keV Ga iron sputtering, ~10nm focus size PEEM imaging XMCD for Fe; XMLD for NiO & CoO

PEEM (photoemission electron microscopy) :Element specific Image

LCP light Dm=+1 E RCP light Dm=-1 E
Right LCP Left RCP

Domain image

L3 2p3/2(L3) ~ ~ 2p3/2(L3) ~ ~
780 800

L2
820 840

Photon energy (eV)

photo energy(eV)

L3

L2

Before
X-rays

After

An example: interlayer coupling in Co/NiO/Fe trilayer

Element-specific measurement

Co NiO Fe

Co

NiO Fe NiO XMLD image provides the key information to understand the anomalous Co-Fe interlayer coupling.
However, XMLD is limited to single crystalline oxides, e.g. NiO, CoO.

Magnetic Vortex in Antiferromagnet

Spin Excitations Quantum Phase Transition Skyrmion of 2D Antiferromagnet
T. Senthil et. al., Science 303, 1490 (2004).

Imprinting Magnetic Vortex in FM/AFM Bilayers

Indirect evidence Characteristic asymmetric hysteresis loops Vortex of the induced FM signal from the AF layer

Ir20Mn80/Ni80Fe20

XMCD

Fe

Mn

G. Salazar-Alvarez, et. al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 012510 (2009).

Two types of AFM vortex Fe XMCD

Our proposal: Competition tuned by interlayer coupling vortex or

Co XMLD dNiO=0.6 nm; SFe // SCoO

single domain FM coupling

D=4 mm

AFM coupling

or

dCoO=3.5 nm; SFe SCoO

Tuning coupling strength allows us to choose magnetic ground state.

Our methodology
Quantum well state formed in thin film can be employed to retrieve band structure.
At fixed film thickness d E GMR Oscillatory Coupling Magneto-Optic Effect Thickness stability

DOS

Magnetic Anisotropy The periodicity of the oscillation in DOS with film thickness is determined by the momentum of valence electrons (kin,).

At fixed energy E DOS

14

Energy (eV)

12 10 8 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Co Thickness (ML)
14

Energy (eV)

12 10 8 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Co Thickness (ML)

Spintronics Revolution via Spin Engineering

Magnetic Recording
Spin-Valve Head
Pinned layer Bit line

MRAM

Spin Transistor

Current

1 Word line

Memory cell with binary information

Free layer

Tb/in2 before 2010 !

Density of DRAM Speed of SRAM Non-volatility Low power

IBM 256 Mb(04) Samsung 64Kb(03)

Large Magnetocurrent(3500%) High Speed( 10GHz) Small collector current(~ 10 nA)

Spin LED

Biosensor Quantum Computer

Wang, INTERMAG(03) Ohno, Nature(99)

Electron Spins in Quantum dots as Qubits

Collaborators

Analysis of Cu(100nm)/Ru(3nm)/TaN(3nm) /SiO(1um)/Si

No 3. No 8. No 9. No10.

SEM

PEEM spectrum of elements

Distribution of Cu Distribution of RuGeometry
Ru Cu O

No 10.

No 9.
450 480 925 950 490 560 630

Spin-Organic Light Emitting Diode

OLED V Cathode Interface Metal Diffusion Introduction of Impurities light emission Barrier - poor e- injection Ferromagnetic metal cathodes Spin Coated Polymer (Ir(ppy)3)
Spin coating process

ITO

Glass substrate
- Fe, Al anode

Anode (ITO) Interface Rate: 5 A/s Indium, Oxygen Diffusion Base pressure: 10-7 Torr Barrier poor h+ injection - Organic layer Variations in morphology Variations in work function Spin Coating 4000RPM

E-beam evaporation system

Two sepereated UHV STM systems

Variable temperature

SMOKE/LEED system Pt(110) surface: 1KeV Ar-ion sputtering + annealing at 1000 K Fe evaporation: e-beam bombarded Fe plate (4N)

Fe-Pt surface alloy: STM

STM head and principle

Piezo tube
200nm

Tip cartridge Sample