CHAPTER-III SEISMIC DESIGN OF STRUCTURES-EXPLORATORY STUDY

GENERAL This chapter serves the basis for our design project. It is primarily formatted for our understanding of the various facets of and the requirements of seismic activities on the tall building structures. Initially we have proposed a four story office building with steel frame in Chennai- Anna Nagar and analyzed for seismic force. The design is carried out in accordance with IS code 1893-2002.

3.1 DESCRIPTION The four storey building is proposed to be located in Anna Nagar Chennai which comes under (Zone-III) .The data details are furnished below:

The total width of the building The total height of the building Storey height Zone factor (region III) Response reduction factor Soil type Location Type of building

: : : : : : : :

54 m 17 m 04 m 0.16 5.0 Stiff clay Anna Nagar Standard Office Building

3.2 PLAN AND ELEVATIONAL VIEW Fig.3.1 illustrates the proposed building plan view which contains a panel each of 9m x 9m size and overall plan size is 54m x 36m.

Fig.3.2 shows the sectional elevation containing the four floors with each storey height 4m and a total height of 17 including 1m parapet wall.

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3.3 Earthquake Load Calculations (Base Shear Method)

The 4-story standard office building is proposed to be located in Anna Nagar Chennai situated on stiff soil. The structure of the building is steel special moment frame. In accordance with IS 18932002, for this type of soil and location (Zone III) we have adopted the stipulated codal provision as below. All moment-resisting frames are located at the perimeter of the building. Ta = 0.085 h0.75 Sa/g = 2.00 Ah = Z I Sa / 2 R g Z = 0.16

The Formula adopted for natural period of vibration

The spectral acceleration

Design horizontal seismic co-efficient

Zone factor

Response reduction factor

R = 5.0

Importance factor

I = 1.0

3.4 Design loads under Seismic Analysis

For the above situation, the design and the analysis are carried out as follows

Mass calculations Building envelope Floor slap envelope (for DL calculation) Floor slab envelope (for LL calculation) Parapet wall height = 56m x 38m = 55 m x 37 m = 54 m x 36 m =1m
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Mass Calculation In this section we calculate and the mass calculations the lumped mass at the concentrated at center of each floor at the top 1. Dead Load Floor Slab (including steel deck) Ceiling / Flooring Mechanical/ Electrical Partitions Steel Framing (assumption) Roofing Penthouse (addition to roof load) For typical floor (floor weight calculations) = 2541 N/m2 = 148 N/m2 = 344 N/m2 = 481 N/m2 = 628 N/m2 = 344 N/m2 = 1923 N/m2 = 2541+148+344+481+628 = 4142 N/m2 For roof (excluding penthouse) = 2541+148+344+344+481 = 3858 N/m2 For penthouse =2541+148+344+1923+628 = 5584 N/m2 2. Dead load due to Exterior Wall Unit weight: Perimeter: = 1198 N/m2 = 2 x (56+38) = 188m

Weight of the exterior wall between two stories is divided into two. First Half goes to upper Storey and the remaining half goes to lower story. Roof = 1198 x (4/2) x 188 = 450448 N Floor 3 =1198 x (4/2+4/2) x 188 =900896 N Floor 2 =1198 x (4/2+4/2) x 188 =900896 N
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Floor 1

=1198 x (4/2+4/2) x 188 =900896 N

Penthouse exterior wall

=1198 x 3.5 x 2(19+10) = 243194 N

3. Dead load due to Parapet on Roof

= 1198 x (1) x 188 = 225224 N

Floor Seismic Dead Weights Roof = ((3858 x 55 x 37) + (5584 x 19 x 10) + 225224+450448+243194) x 10-3 = 9831 kN Floor 3 = ((3858 x 55 x 37) + 900896) x 10-3= 8752 kN Floor 2 = ((3858 x 55 x 37) + 900896) x 10-3 = 8752 kN Floor 1 = ((3858 x 55 x 37) + 900896) x 10-3 = 8752 kN Seismic Force Analysis (IS 1893: 2002) Two steel frames on the perimeter are moment-resistance frame. So the weights on each floor will be divided into two to calculate the lateral forces on each moment-resisting frame. Seismic mass of each moment-resisting frame: Roof = 9831/2/9.81 =501 kN-s2/m Floor 3= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-s2/m Floor 2= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-s2/m Floor 1= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-s2/m

Table 3.1 Mass of each Storey of One Moment Resisting Frame

Story Mass

1-3 Floor (kN-s2/m) 1338

Roof (KN-s2/m) 501

Total (KN-s2/m) 1839

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3.5 Maximum seismic response co-efficient From IS 1893:2002 clause 7.6.1 Fundamental natural period, Ta = 0.085 h0.75 = 0.085*160.75 = 0.68 s From IS 1893:2002 Fig.2, for this T, Sa/g Design horizontal seismic co-efficient, = 2.0

Ah=( Z I / 2 R ) x (Sa/g)
From IS 1893:2002, Table 2 Zone factor, Z = 0.16

From IS 1893:2002, Table 6 Importance factor, I =1.0

From IS 1893:2002, Table 7 Response reduction factor, R= 5.0

Therefore horizontal seismic co-efficient, Ah = (0.16 x 1.0 x 2.0)/(2 x 5.0) = 0.0306

Total Base Shear

VB = Ah W
= 0.0306*1839 = 56 kN
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TABLE 3.2 BASE SHEAR CALCULATIONS The base shear calculation is carried out in the following table

LEVEL

STORY HEIGHT

HEIGHT WEIGHT (KN) 16 12 08 04 00 1839 501 446 446 446

WIHIK

QI

FORCE (KN)

STORY SHEAR (KN) 0 40 60 70 73 243

R 4 3 2 1 TOTAL

4 4 4 4 0 16

128256 64224 28544 7136

0.56 0.28 0.13 0.03 00

40 20 10 03 00 73

228160

1.0

TABLE 3.3 BASE SHEAR DISTRIBUTIONS The base shear calculation is carried out in the following table

% OF SHEAR LEVEL FORCE (kN) R 4 3 2 1 TOTAL 40 20 10 03 00 73 STORY SHEAR DISTRIBUTED AT (kN) 00 40 60 70 73 243
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% DIFFERENCE In Distribution

STORY LEVEL 00 16.46 24.69 28.81 30.04 100

16.46 8.23 4.12 1.23

3.6 BASE SHEAR DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM

501 kN
40 kN
40 kN 40 kN 446 kN kkk N 40 kN

kkk 20 N kN kkk N 16 kN kkk 03N kN kkk N

kkk

40 kN
40 kN 40 kN

kkk 446 kN 40 kN kkk kN N40 kkk 446 kN 40 kN kkk kN N40

40 kN

kkk

60 kN
40 kN 40 kN 70

N kkk

kkk

kN
kkk

kkk

N kkk

40 kN 40 73 kN kN

N kkk

N kkk40 kN

Fig.3.3 Storey Mass Concentration

Fig.3.4 Base Shear Distributionkkk

N

40 kN

kkk

3.7 A RECAP The design of the above exploratory study takes us to understand in the design rudiments of seismic activities on tall structures. The end design results have demonstrated a satisfactory trend in seismic load calculation strictly as per IS 1893 - 2002.

The next chapter describes a detailed design study Carried out for a 25 storey tall building structure.

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Rigid Frame 9 9

Rigid Frame

Rigid Frame

Rigid Frame Fig.3.1 A FOUR STOREY STEEL BUILDING STRUCTURE

ROOF FLOOR 3 FLOOR 2 FLOOR 1

Parapet wall of 1m height 4 Fig.3.2 FLOOR LEVEL ARRANGEMENT All Dimensions are in meter.
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