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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES The sentences bellow are conditional sentences but they are all mixed up. Can you decide which type are they? Be careful! There are some tricky ones! 1.If we catch the 10 oclock train, we shall get there by lunch time. 2.If you will reserve seats, we shall be sure of a comfortable journey. 3.If we caught the 10 oclock train, we would get there by lunch time. 4.If you would reserve seats, we would be sure of a comfortable journey. 5.If we had caught the 10 oclock train, we would have got there by lunch time. 6.If you heat ice, it melts. 7.If you wake up before me, give me a call. 8.If we should miss the 10 oclock train, we shant get there till a-er lunch. 9.If we were to miss the 10 oclock train, we wouldnt get there till a-er lunch. 10.If we had brought a map with us, we would know which road to take. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE O: CAUSE AND EFFECT If you heat ice, it melts Universal truth or general validity. IF has a meaning similar to WHENEVER. Other examples: If I make a promise, I keep it If it rains, you get wet CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1: OPEN CONDITIONS If we catch the 10 oclock train, we shall get there by lunch time If you wake up before me, give me a call The actions or events mentioned in the conditional clause are likely to happen. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1: VARIATIONS If we should miss the 10 oclock train, we shant get there till a-er lunch. SHOULD has a meaning similar to IF BY ANY CHANCE If you will reserve seats, we shall be sure of a comfortable journey. WILL (modal verb) introduces the idea of your agreeing or being willing to do what is being suggested. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2: If we caught the 10 oclock train, we would get there by luchtime. (what is possible) If I came into a fortune, I would give up working. (hypothetical) If I knew how it worked, I could help you. (contrary to present fact) Other examples CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2: Variations If we were to miss the 10 oclock train, we wouldnt get there till until a-er lunch WERE TO emphasizes the suppositional nature of the condition. Similar to SHOULD in type 1. If you would reserve seats, we would be sure of a comfortable journey. WOULD (modal verb): polite form of WILL in type 1.

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 3: If we had caught the 10 oclock train, we would have got there by lunchtime. Completely hypothetical. Represents what is contrary to past fact. If we had bought a map, we would know which road to take. Conditional clause: something contrary to a past fact (type 3) Main clause: something contrary to a present fact (type 2) MIXED CONDITIONAL: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES SPECIAL CASES Should you need my help again, give me a ring. Type 1 Were the government to change this law, some people would be in serious trouble. Type 2 Had I known you were ill, I would have brought some aspirins. Type 3 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ALTERNATIVES TO IF I wont lend you any money unless you make good use of it. I will lend you money provided that you dont waste it. I will lend you money on the condition that you give it back to me. You will have the money so long as you promise not to waste it. She will have wasted the money but for her mothers advice. Suppose you have the money, what would you do? What if I ask you to lend me money? She gave me the money in case she wasted it. In case of emergency, phone this number.

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Set 2

Conditional Sentences

How do you use conditional sentences? There are three types of conditional sentences. But now, you will only discuss their two types. 1. How do you express possibilities? If +S+ simple present, S + will/can/shall + Vbase The pattern above is used when you think about a real possibility in the present and future. Examples : a) If you know the function of these bottons, you will certainly understand how to use them. b) If I have time, I will learn how to browse on the Internet. 2. When you think of an imaginary situation how do you state it? If +S+ simple past, S + would/could/should + Vbase When what you say is unreal-that never happens now nor in the future-you use past tense. Examples : a) If I used the Internet chat rooms, I would get some efriends. (It means you dont use the Internet chat rooms.) b) If I were a rich person, I would build a cozy house. (It means you are not rich.) Notes :Were is use for both singular and plural subjects in conditional sentences for imaginary situations. Example: If Hilman were a wise man, he would be a good leader. 3. How do you say about unreal situation in the past? In conditional sentence type 3,you are talking about something that might have happened in the past.,but it did not happen. If +S+ had+V3, S + would/could/should + have+V3 Examples : a) If you had told me about the problem,I would have helped you. Fact: You did not tell me about the problem. b) If Andika had had studied hard,he would have passed the exam. Fact: He did not study. He failed in the exam. Name: Class: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets. 1. If Ardian tries hard, he (find) a job somewhere. 2. If I knew English better, I (read) English novels. 3. If the weather (be) warm, we will go to the park. 4. If you dont hurry, we (be) late for class. 5. If father (know) how to drive, he would buy a car. 6. If I (be) you, I wouldnt tell that secret to her. 7. If you (save) your money, you will be able to go on a vacation. 8. If you went to bed earlier, you (not feel) so tired.

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9. If it (be) Sunday, we would not have to work. 10.If Vito attended class regularly, he (make) good progress. Name: Class: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets. 1. If Ardian tries hard, he (find) a job somewhere. 2. If I knew English better, I (read) English novels. 3. If the weather (be) warm, we will go to the park. 4. If you dont hurry, we (be) late for class. 5. If father (know) how to drive, he would buy a car. 6. If I (be) you, I wouldnt tell that secret to her. 7. If you (save) your money, you will be able to go on a vacation. 8. If you went to bed earlier, you (not feel) so tired. 9. If it (be) Sunday, we would not have to work. 10.If Vito attended class regularly, he (make) good progress.

Set 3 Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences Conditional Sentence Type 1 It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, Ill send her an invitation. more on Conditional Sentences Type I Conditional Sentence Type 2 It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. Conditional Sentence Type 3 It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. more on Conditional Sentences Type III IF Function:conjunction Etymology:Middle English, from Old English gif; akin to Old High German ibu if Date:before 12th century 1 a : in the event that b : allowing that c : on the assumption that d : on condition that 2 : WHETHER *asked if the mail had come* *I doubt if I'll pass the course* 3 used as a function word to introduce an exclamation expressing a wish *if it would only rain* 4 : even though : although perhaps *an interesting if untenable argument* 5 : and perhaps not even *few if any changes are expected* often used with not *difficult if not impossible* if anything : on the contrary even : perhaps even *if anything, you ought to apologize* When

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Main Entry:1when Pronunciation:*hwen, *wen, (h)w*n Function:adverb Etymology:Middle English, from Old English hwanne, hwenne; akin to Old High German hwanne when, Old English hw* who more at WHO Date:before 12th century 1 : at what time *when will you return* 2 a : at or during which time b : and then 3 : at a former and usually less prosperous time *brag fondly of having known him when Vance Packard* Main Entry:2when Function:conjunction Etymology:Middle English, from Old English hwanne, hwenne, from hwanne, hwenne, adverb Date:before 12th century 1 a : at or during the time that : WHILE *went fishing when he was a boy* b : just at the moment that *stop writing when the bell rings* c : at any or every time that *when he listens to music, he falls asleep* 2 : in the event that : IF *a contestant is disqualified when he disobeys the rules* 3 a : considering that *why use water at all when you can drown in it Stuart Chase* b : in spite of the fact that : ALTHOUGH *quit politics when I might have had a great career in it* 4 : the time or occasion at or in which *tomorrow is when we must decide* *humor is when you laugh Earl Rovit* Main Entry:4when Function:noun Date:1616

: the time in which something is done or comes about *troubled his head very little about the hows and whens of life Laurence Sterne* If / When 1. I am late to work, my boss gets very angry. That is why I am always on time. 2. I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out. 3. he eats, he tries to choose healthy foods. 4. His car is very reliable, and he rarely has any trouble with it. But he has had a couple of difficulties in the past. his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club. 5. His car is terrible! It always breaks down. his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club. 6. Mary gets six weeks paid vacation a year. She loves to travel. she goes on vacation, she always goes somewhere exotic. 7. Diane works harder than anyone I know. I don't think she has taken a day off in three years. But she does really love to travel. she goes on vacation, she goes somewhere exotic. 8. He loves going to the movies. he goes to the movies, he always gets a large popcorn with tons of butter. 9. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time. she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program. 10. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. I get a letter, I usually write back immediately.

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Conditional Exercise 2 Present Unreal Conditional Present Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I (win) that much money, I (quit) my job the next day. I (travel) around the world and (stay) in the most luxurious hotels. If I (want) anything, I (buy) it. If I (see) a beautiful Mercedes that I wanted, I (buy) it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel (be) full, I (buy) the hotel and make them give me a room. I (can) do anything in the world if I had 180 million dollars ... Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic... Well... I (do) good things with the money as well. If anybody (need) help, I (give) them some money to help them out. I (donate) money to charities. I (give) money to help support the arts. If I (win) that much money, I wouldn't keep it all for myself. I (help) as many people as possible. Bottom of Form Check Hint Conditional Exercise 3 Present Real Conditional / Present Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form Michael: Sharon, I am having some problems at work, and I was wondering if you might be able to give me some advice. Sharon: Sure, what's the problem? Michael: The computer sales business is more difficult than I thought. When customers (come) in to look at the new computer models, they often (ask) me which model they should buy. If they (ask) me to suggest a model, I (be) usually quite honest with them. Most computer users don't need a very advanced computer; they just need a basic model which they can use for word-processing, bookkeeping and Internet access. If I am honest and I (recommend) one of the cheaper models, my boss (get) angry at me. He always says that a good salesperson can convince a customer to buy one of the more expensive advanced models. I don't really feel comfortable doing that. What would you do in my situation? Isn't it wrong to make them buy something which they don't need? Sharon: I think you should help your customers make an intelligent decision. If I (be) you, I (educate) the customers. I (teach) them how to make a good decision by themselves. I (make, not) the decision for them. When a customer (ask) a question, answer it honestly. You don't need to lie to the customer, and you don't need to make the decision for them. Conditional Exercise 4 Past Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form After I graduated from university, I applied for a marketing position with a prominent bank with branches all over the world. I didn't get the job because they wanted someone who spoke Spanish fluently. I (could, take) Spanish in high school, but I didn't. I took an acting class instead. If I (take) Spanish, I (get) the job. Just imagine, if I had actually gotten the job, I (move) to Spain. My entire life (could, go) in a totally different

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direction. If I had accepted the job and moved to Spain, I (might, meet) a Spanish woman and (get) married. If that had actually happened, I probably (stay) in Spain. We (might, have) children. Unfortunately, I didn't get the job and I didn't go to Spain. I got a boring job and I live alone. If I had just taken Spanish, my life (be) much more interesting. Past Real Conditional / Past Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form Clarence: Mary, have you ever had a teacher who changed your life or influenced you greatly? Mary: Yes. But the teacher influenced me in a very negative way. I have always had problems with math, and I think it comes from my seventh grade math teacher, Mr. Harris. He thought girls couldn't do math. When any girl (ask) a question, he always (sigh) and (say) , "Girls can't do math. It's a wellknown fact." When a boy (ask) a question, he (smile) and (ask) for his answer. Clarence: That's terrible! Your teacher actually said that to you? Mary: Yes. If he ever did let me answer a question, and I actually got it right, he always (say) that it was a lucky guess. Clarence: Your parents (should, do) something about him. They (could, go) to the principle of the school and complained about the way Mr. Harris treated the girls. If you (be) my child, I (demand) that such an irresponsible teacher be fired. Mary: You're right! If somebody (force) Mr. Harris to treat the children equally, I (become) more confident in math. His behavior (might, affect) every girl in that class. Present Unreal Conditional / Past Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form 1. If I (have) enough money, I (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I am broke. 2. If I (have) enough money in my twenties, I (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I was broke. 3. She would have been here earlier if she (miss, not) the train. 4. Thank you for helping me study. If you hadn't tutored me, I (fail) the test. 5. If I exercised more, I (be) much more fit and I (have, not) so many health problems. 6. It's too bad Frank isn't with us. If he (be) here, he (can, translate) the letter for us. 7. Stop asking me what Joe bought you for your birthday. Even if I (know) what he bought you, I (tell, not) you. 8. My business trip to California was only two days. If the trip (be) longer, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles.

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9. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know) , I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake. 10. Did you hear that Margaret won $2,000 in Las Vegas, and she used the money to buy a new washing machine and dryer? How boring! If I (win) that much money, I (go) to Tahiti for a couple of weeks. 11. Sally's alarm didn't go off, and she was almost late to the interview. If she (arrive) late, she (might, not, get) the job. 12. Jane is polite and well mannered. She (say, never) anything rude or insulting. That is just the kind of person she is. 13. Martha said that Paul called Nick a jerk at the party. I don't believe that! Paul is polite and well mannered. He (say, never) anything rude or insulting like that. 14. Penny's baby daughter almost drank some of the furniture polish which was sitting on the coffee table. If she (drink, actually) the polish, she (could, get) sick or even died. 15. If I (can, go) anywhere in the world, I (go) to Egypt to see the pyramids. Future Real Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form I am not sure what I am going to do when I (graduate) , but I do know I want to travel. I am probably going to work at my father's restaurant for a few months during the summer. When I (have) enough money, I (go) to Europe to visit some friends I met while studying. I have always wanted to visit Europe. I especially want to visit Sweden. If I (get) to go to Sweden, I (stay) with my friend Gustav. His family has a house on an island in a lake near Stockholm. I am sure we (spend) a few days on the island if weather conditions (allow) . I am not sure what other countries I will visit. If it (be) not too expensive, I (spend) a couple of days in Paris sightseeing. If I (go) to Paris, I (climb) the Eiffel Tower, (take) a boat tour of the Seine, and (photograph) daily life in the Latin Quarter Future Real Conditional / Future Unreal Conditional Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form 1. Researchers are visiting Loch Ness next week to see if they can find signs of the Loch Ness Monster. I seriously doubt they will find anything. If they did actually manage to find something, I am sure they (become) world famous. 2. I am going to go to California next week on business. If I have enough time, I (visit) my friends in Los Angeles. 3. Sally has always been interested in pre-Columbian cultures. When she (go) to Mexico, she (visit) Chichen Itza, the most famous Mayan site in the Yucatan. 2. We are driving from Las Vegas to Death Valley next week by way of Pahrump, a town located on the edge of the infamous Area 51. Area 51 is well known for its UFO sightings. If I (see) any aliens, I will be sure to

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take a picture for you. Just kidding! 5. I am afraid I won't be able to come to your wedding next week because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter. 6. I (interpret) for you at the conference tomorrow if I (be) not already scheduled to work at the UN. I have a friend who (do) it for you if she (be) not busy. Why don't I give her a call to see what her schedule is like. 3. 7. The mountain climbing team (attempt) to conquer Mount Everest next month if the weather conditions (be) suitable. I (join) them in the ascent if I (can) . Unfortunately, I broke my leg last month while training in Alaska. 8. If Sarah (go) to university, she (be) the first person in her family to get an advanced education. She has applied to many schools, but she really wants to go to MIT. If she (get) accepted to the university, she (move) to Boston to study astrophysics. 9. If mankind (do) not do something about the destruction of the rain forest, global warming (cause) dramatic changes in weather conditions all over the world. 10. Even if they managed to convince him to run for president in the next election, he (be, never) elected. His ideas are too dramatic and unconventional to be accepted by the mainstream. Conditional Final Test All Conditional Forms Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Top of Form 1. (If / When) I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out. 2. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time. (If / When) she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program. 3. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. (If / When) I get a letter, I usually write back immediately. 4. If I (have) enough money, I (go) on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty! 5. I love to travel! When I (have) enough money, I (go) abroad. I do it almost every year. 6. I really wanted to go on safari to Kenya with my friends, but I couldn't afford to go. If I (have) enough money, I (go) with them. 7. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know) , I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake. 8. Stop asking me what Amanda bought you for Christmas. Even if I (know) what she bought you, I (tell, not) you. 9. Nobody here speaks English. Too bad Gloria isn't here. If she (be) with us, she (can) act as our interpreter. 10. I am afraid I won't be able to come to your wedding next week

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because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter. 11. If the weather is nice tomorrow, she (walk) along the river to school. 12. If you help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie. 13. If you were to help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie. 14. If I were in Tahiti right now, I (snorkel) along a beautiful reef. I wouldn't be stuck here in this office with mountains of paperwork. 15. If Jerry hadn't stopped to pick up that quarter, he (cross) the street when the bus ran the red light. He might have been killed! 16. Tina's train arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to the train station early, she (wait) there for more than twenty minutes before I arrived. 17. If I (pass) the test, I (get) an "A" in the class. Instead, I got a "C." I really should have studied more. 18. If I (be) rich, I (buy) that new Mercedes we saw yesterday. Unfortunately, I can't even afford a used car. 19. We (go) skiing this weekend, but there's no snow. Oh, well! We will just have to find something else to do instead. 20. If Heather spoke Chinese, she (translate) the email for you yesterday. Bottom of Form Check Hint Set 4

Conditional Sentences Type O We use conditional sentences (Type O) to describe facts or talk about the definite result of a possible action in the present or future. E.g. The room gets cooler if we turn on the air-conditioner. E.g. If the toy is scratched, it is not in mint condition. E.g. If water is heated to 100C, it boils. E.g. If Dan goes to Pizza Palace, he always orders the Super Supreme. E.g. We wear a mask if we have flu. E.g. Our teeth decay quickly if we dont clean them properly. E.g. Some animals can perform tricks if they are trained. E.g. If it rains heavily, the river often floods its bank. If- clause: simple present main clause: simple present Type 1 We use conditional sentences (Type 1) to describe possible situations or talk about the possible result of a possible action in the present of future. E.g. If I go to the restaurant, I will have the special meal. E.g. If I collect the whole set, I will feel great. If-clause: simple present main clause: simple future Type 2 We use conditional sentences (Type 2) to talk about imaginary situations in the present or future.

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E.g. If she liked the toys, she would buy them. E.g. If I were a millionaire, I would buy an island to live on. Another function of Type 2 conditionals is to give advice. E.g. If I were you, I would tell them to stop smoking in the lift. If-clause: simple past main clause: would +bare infinitive Type 3 We use conditional sentence (type 3) to describe past situations or talk about situations that did not happen in the past. Besides, we use them to show how the result would have been different if we had done something in another way in the past when it is too late to reverse the situation now. It is thus often used to express regret about some past events. E.g. If I had not played TV games till 3 am last night, you wouldnt have been late for school this morning! (The fact is you played till 3am and you were late for school this morning!) If-clause: past perfect main clause: would have+ past participle Exercise 1 Jane and Sally are arranging a camping trip. Use conditional sentences with the words given in the following conversations. be x 3 invite get rain offer arrive buy go J : Jane S : Sally J : Lets go camping on the fourth of August . S : That is a good idea. Helen, Mary , you and I are eager to go camping to Cheung Chau. J : Where are we going to meet on the fourth of August ? S : We are going to meet at Central MTR station. I know that you live in Mongkok. You can take either MTR or buses to Central MTR station. If you take a bus to Central, it 1. ________ cheaper. J : Thanks for advice .What are we going to buy for this camping trip ? S : How about soft drinks ? If we buy two dozens of Coke at M&M Supermarket, it 2. _________twenty percent discount of the original price of Coke. J : That is fine. Are we going to buy barbecue food and charcoal? S : Yes. The price of barbecue food and charcoal is much cheaper if we 3. ________ them at Sham Shui Po market. I am responsible for buying these kinds of things. J : It is very nice of you to do so. I am responsible for bringing a lantern, a tent and a cassette player. Helen is going to bring a camera and sleeping bags. Mary is going to bring a torch, barbecue forks and a first aid box. S : We need to bring swimming suits with us . If the weather is fine, we 4. ___________ swimming in the beach. Do you remember what happened last year ? The sky was cloudy but we still went swimming. When it started raining , we all got wet. J : Last time, I did not go camping with you in Tai O. If I 5. _______ you , I did not go swimming in a cloudy day. Where are we going to set up our camp ? How about right next to the beach ? We can go swimming right away . S : Oh, no. Last year , we set up a camp near the beach in Tai O. If we 6._______________ one day earlier , we would not have gone to Tai O. Typhoon signal number 8 was hoisted one day after we had arrived there. We were almost carried out of the sea by the waves. How about camping near a village? If we get into trouble, we 7. ___________

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help easily from the villagers nearby. J : You bet . How long will we go camping in Tai O ? S : Three days. J : Why dont we stay longer ? S : I dont think so. August is a rainy month. If we stay longer than three days, it 8._________ at any time. However, I will watch the weather report in the TV several days before we go to Tai O. J : This is a good idea. When did we meet at Central MTR station? S : At 8:30 a.m. Last year, Helen was late for an hour and we missed the ferry . J : If I were you, I 9._____________ Helen to go with us this time. We are not sure if she 10.__________ late again. S : I will remind her one day before the camping trip. It wont be a problem. J : This is a good idea. Exercise 2 Tristin is talking about his traveling experiences with Iris about Guangzhou Xiangjiang Safari Park in Panyu. Use Conditional Sentences in the following conversations. T : Tristin I : Iris I : You went to Guangzhou Xiangjiang Safari Park in July. How much does it cost ? T : If an adult 1._______ ( go ) to the Park, it 2. ________ ( cost) $150 yuan. I love traveling in the Park. I : Why ? T : This is the largest animal park in Asia with 20,000 animals. We arrived there in the afternoon and there were lots of people in the Park. I : If I 3. ______ (be) you, 4.I ____________ (arrive) there in the morning so that there would be less tourists there. T : This Park is characterized by grazing animals in natural settings. There are lions, tigers, elephants, black bears, cheetahs , pandas etc. I : This is horrible. If anyone 5._______ (enter) the Park, he 6. __________ (eat) by the wild animals. T : This is impossible. We rode on the zoo trains and traveled around the Park and got close to the wild animals in their natural environments. Is that wonderful? However, I dont like the hot weather in summer. I always get sun-burnt easily. I : If I 7.________ ( go) to an amusement park, I always 8. __________ (bring) with me a hat so that I wont get sun-burnt easily. Was there any exciting experience in the Park? T : When the zoo trains were traveling in the Park, a giraffe stood in front of the zoo trains. If the driver 9. _____________ (not stop) the zoo train in time, the giraffe 10. __________ (knock) down. I : What an experienced driver ! Were you afraid of seeing the wild animals in such a close distance? T : A little bit. Some tourists were brave. They even drove their own cars traveling in the Park. If I 11. _______ ( be) the tourists, I 12. _______ ( buy) insurance beforehand. I was afraid of being eaten by the wild animals. I : Are there other tame animals beside the wild animals ? T :There is a panda house with ten pandas in it. The temperature is not cold enough when compared with the one in Ocean Park. If the

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pandas 13. _______ (live) there, they 14. ___________ (not live) comfortably in this poor environment. I had an embarrassing moment too. I : About what ? T: I had ridden the zoo train twice. After the second ride, we were late for the tour gathering outside the Park. If I (15) ___________ (be) punctual enough, I 16. __________________ (not ride) the zoo train. I : Dont do that again. It seems that your trip was a good one. It is too bad that I could not go with you to the Park this July. If my school term 17.________( not finish ), I 18._____________ ( go) with you to the Park. T : Dont worry. If I 19. _______ (go) to the Park again, I 20. ________ (tell) you right away so as to make sure that we will go together. I : Thanks. Answers Exercise 1 1. is 2. offers 3. buy 4. will go 5. were 6. had not arrived 7. will get 8. will rain 9. would not invite10 will be Exercise 2 1. goes 2. costs 3. were 4. would arrive 5. enters 6. will be eaten 7. go 8. bring 9. did not stop 10. would be knocked 11. were 12. would buy 13. live 14. do not live 15.had been 16. would not ride 17. had not finished 18. would have gone 19. go 20. Tell

Set 5
Conditional Sentences There are five different structures and functions: 0: If + present + present 1: If + present + will + verb 2: If + past + would + verb 3: If + past perfect + would + have + past participle mixed: If + past perfect + would + verb

Complete the following sentences: 1. If you drink & drive 2. If Id set up a new company. 3. If Id have made a lot more money. 4. If I hadnt expanded the business 5. If you heat water to 100 degrees 6. If I have the opportunity 7. If I hadnt paid to hire a financial adviser 8. If I could start it all again 9. IfIll be happy to put you up at my place. 10. If the French government

Conditionals; A Summary Zero Conditional

if + Present Simple, + Present Simple If you put sugar in coffee, it tastes sweet. The Zero Conditional is used for actions that are always true when the conditions are satisfied.

1st Conditional

Conditional sentences1 if + present simple + will + infinitive If I win the lotto, I will buy a car. = it could happen The first conditional is for future actions dependent on the result of another future action or event, where there is a reasonable possibility of the conditions for the action being satisfied.

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2nd Conditional

if +past simple+ would + infinitive If I won the lotto, I would buy a car. Used to talk about things that the speaker believes cant happen. They are unlikely (or even impossible).

3rd Conditional

If + Past Perfect + would have + Past Participle For imaginary past actions, where the conditions for the action WERE NOT satisfied. If you'd been there, you would've seen it. (The conditions were not met because the person was not there and as a result did not see it.)

Mixed Conditionals

If + Past Simple, + Would have + Past Participle 1. For imaginary present actions or situations that are not possible because the necessary conditions were not met in the past. eg: If you had taken the course, you would know about it. (The conditions were not met because the person did not do the course and as a result does not know about it now.) To avoid the illogicality of saying 'If I had been you', which means that I was not you on that occasion, but could be in the future, which is, of course, impossible. eg: If I were you, I wouldn't have done that. 2. Where the first part is still true: eg: If I could speak Spanish, I wouldn't have needed to get the letter translated. This means that I couldn't speak Spanish then when I needed the translator and still can't.