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An issue this important should have its own revolutionary flag. The image
would show a farmer and a neighbor exchanging food above the classic motto
Dont tread on me. . . . What could be more important to all of us than control
over the quality of food we put in our bodies?eliot coleman, author of The
Winter Harvest Handbook, Four-Season Harvest, and The New Organic Grower
With incredible clarity and masterful storytelling, David Gumpert leads us on a
journey into the trenches of Americas battle over food rights. . . . This battle to
nourish our bodies with real food must be won, and this book is an essential part
of making that happen.ben hewitt, author of The Town That Food Saved
This book will get you fired up! For anyone interested in reclaiming food, this book
shows you that you are part of a larger political struggle.Sandor Ellix Katz,
author of The Art of Fermentation and Wild Fermentation
o Americans have the right to privately buy the foods they want from farmers
and neighbors in the same way their grandparents and great grandparents did?
No, say government regulators who are increasingly cracking downphysically
and legallyon farmers, suburban moms, and clubs exchanging food on a private basis.
Americans have no sovereign right to have a say over what they eat or from whom they
buy their food, regulators argue, and all food, no matter the source, must be closely regulatedeven barredif it is distributed outside of government oversight.
Yes, say a growing contingent of consumers who are increasingly concerned that
mass-produced food is excessively processed, tainted with antibiotic residues and hormones, and lacking in important nutrients. In Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Food
Rights, journalist David Gumpert shows how in this clash between an unprecedented
government crackdown and a creative and spirited opposition is emerging a new rallying cry for food rights.
David Gumpert plucks out some of the most salient battles in this current food war
and brings them to our awareness with the storytelling genius of a spy novel. The
intrigue, the angst, the heartache, and the heroism are all displayed.
Joel Salatin, from the Foreword
chelsea green
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$19.95 USD
chelsea green publishing
life, liberty
D av i d E . G u m p e r t
F o r e w o r d by J o e l S a l a t i n
Life, Liberty
Pursuit
of Food Rights
and the
David E. Gumpert
Foreword by Joel Salatin
To the brave men and women,
some of whom are described in the pages that follow,
who are risking their personal security and livelihoods
so that many others may have access
to fresh and wholesome food.
Introduction
about its origins and safety is usually set aside pending a court hearing. But
if the inspectors judge it to be poisonous, it can be dumped immediately.
And so that Monday morning, within hours of being seized, hundreds
of pounds of fresh meat, dairy products, eggs, fermented vegetables, and
other foods were trucked over to a local landfill, dumped, and buried. The
farmers who shipped the food, and the members of the food club receiving
it, didnt have insurance covering it, so together they were out the $45,000.
In addition, the trucking company was assessed a dumping fee of nearly
$2,000, which was charged to the farmers.
That wasnt the end of the incident. Before the week was out, Pennsylvania state police were visiting the trucking company, inquiring into the
circumstances of the shipment. An agent from the USDA was visiting with
the managers of one of the Florida food clubs, warning them that it was
against the law to ship meat not inspected by the USDA across state lines.
One of the Pennsylvania farmers whose food was on the truck was noticing
strange cars cruising back and forth and parking outside his farm.
I heard about the incident a few days after it occurred, via an e-mail
from a friend of one of the farmers whose food was on the truck. Breaking
News! was the subject line of his e-mail. He figured Id want to broadcast
on my blog this troubling incident of government authorities interfering in
peoples access to food.
He was partially correct. As a journalist, my first instinct was to confirm
what happened, and then publish an account of this seemingly outrageous
incident exclusively on my blog, The Complete Patient (www.thecomplete
patient.com). But my second instinct, as an advocate journalistone who
has covered for five years the emergence of the food rights movement and
sympathizes with its concerns about attempts to limit access to certain
foodwas to hesitate while mulling over some questions.
Was this food seizure and disposal a setup, possibly arranged by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or the USDA, to ensnare the
farmers in a legal morass aimed at shutting them down? There had been any
number of stings and undercover investigations of small farms around the
country over the previous five years. If it was a setup, how much did the authorities know? For example, did they know about only one farmer, or both?
If it was an isolated incident, then publicizing it might give the federal
authorities information that they didnt have and encourage them to go
2
Introduction
after the farmers. My particular fear was of the FDA, since it had become
especially aggressive in enforcing food lawsespecially concerning the distribution of raw milkagainst farmers. I didnt know for sure if raw milk
was even on the truck, though I assumed it was. In any event, I didnt want
to be responsible via my blog for putting one or another farmer in danger
of a protracted and expensive legal tangle with the FDA.
If it was a setup, a sting operation of some kind, then I would want to
report on itbut only after I felt comfortable about what the authorities
knew and didnt know. I had long made it a professional rule to try my best
to avoid endangering farmers and food clubs by releasing information that
could become intelligence for the food police.
Over the next few weeks, it became increasingly apparent that the seizure
was an isolated incident. A local prosecutor decided not to file charges against
the driver. The strange cars stopped cruising by one of the farms. There were
no official actions against the farmers or the Florida food clubs whose members
had ordered the food. The main hassle, aside from the financial loss on the confiscated food, appeared to be that the farmers had to shift to a different trucker,
since the original one decided it didnt want to risk any more such problems.
Still, the event stayed with me long after it had seemingly blown over
(and I felt enough time had elapsed to discuss it here, without naming
names). For one thing, I couldnt easily get over the fact that the Florida
officials had so quickly condemned, and then disposed of, so much perfectly good food. Couldnt they have checked a little further to find out
who was getting the food? If there was a violation of labeling requirements,
couldnt there have been a warningor even a fineand a commitment to
straightening out the labeling problem in the future? I spoke with officials
in the Florida agencies, and they basically said the decision was made by the
agents on the scene, and that they had followed policy.
Had our national concerns about food safety become so obsessive that agriculture agents would, within hours, send to a landfill $45,000 worth of food
that they could tell was fresh and wholesome from a simple taste and smell? If
they had concerns about pathogens, couldnt they have quickly tested samples?
I was bothered as well by the fact that the farmers and food club members I consulted about the situation felt reluctant to complain about what
had happened. There had been many other similarly sad and upsetting
events concerning the distribution of fresh-from-the-farm food, especially
3
dairy and meat; everyone felt intimidated about making a fuss, and possibly
bringing down even greater penalties than the confiscation and disposal of
$45,000 worth of good food. The attitude didnt seem that far removed
from that of women who are sexually harassed on the job or in the military
and feel intimidated about complaining, knowing there could be reprisals.
I was also unnerved personally that I had felt compelled to compromise
my journalistic instincts and recommend to the farmers and food club
members that we pull back from reporting on a questionable exercise of
authority. Questionable on so many levelsto dispose of so much good
food during a time when people are going hungry, to dump that food in a
landfill when we are all needing to rethink the amount of waste we produce
on a finite planet, and to confiscate a significant amount of private property
from people without even a hint of due process of law.
Complicating my own concerns about my journalistic instincts was the
knowledge that, outrageous as the incident seemed to me, it likely wouldnt
seem that way to other journalists. They would be inclined to accept the
explanation of Florida authorities that the food had been judged unsafe,
and thus required immediate disposalif they were even interested in the
event at all. In my experience covering this sort of story over the previous
five years, more often than not few or no members of the media question
regulatory judgment about food safety, whether at the state or federal
level. What the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), FDA,
and state public health and agriculture authorities determine is safe or
dangerous is typically accepted; the few individuals like me who question
them are seen as reckless and unconcerned about public health.
Finally, I was unnerved by a larger issue: the huge and expanding amount
of authority we have entrusted to geographically remote and seemingly
arbitrary government officials to regulate our food. This applied not just to
the mass-produced food sold in supermarkets, big box stores, convenience
stores, and other retail outlets, but increasingly to food exchanges that have
traditionally been out of their view and authoritychurch suppers, bake
sales, neighborhood lemonade stands, and agreements between farmers
and their neighbors for the sale of food direct from a farm.
This extension of regulation has happened to coincide with the growing
popularity among Americans to obtain more and more of their foods directly from farmers and other producers, including some people who go to
4
Introduction
Introduction
in jeopardy across the United States and Canada. In the process of simultaneously promoting cheap food and fomenting fear around the dangers of
pathogens in food, something strange has occurred. Traditional avenues of
private food acquisition have gradually disappeared.
I can remember seemingly endless farm stands as I traveled across the
United States in the 1950s and 1960s. I can also recall various produce
trucks with vegetables, meats, and eggs that traversed our neighborhood in
Chicago during that time. Even after I became a homeowner in suburban
Boston in the late 1970s, we had a milk man and a chicken-egg man who
came around with farm-fresh food.
Over the last few years, with the growing interest in fresh locally grown food
and fears about commercially available food and the presence of genetically
modified organisms (GMOs) and processed ingredients, more people have
begun trying to re-create these traditional sources of privately obtained food
via members-only food clubs and communal ownership of cows and goats.
Many of these efforts were originally begun to secure sources of the increasingly popular unpasteurized milk and then expanded to include beef, chicken,
eggs, honey, fermented vegetables, and other so-called nutrient-dense foods.
Unfortunately, when groups of ordinary people began organizing themselves to obtain food directly from farms on a private basis, they ran into trouble.
Such foods werent properly labeled, they were told. Such foods werent safe.
The producers required retail licenses. Such foods needed to be inspected by
public health and agriculture regulators. The stories of the farmers and organizers entangled in the enforcement crackdown are the basis of this book.
In the big picture of history, the conflict is sadly ironic, since these battles
arent happening in a time of food scarcity or widespread outbreaks of animal
or human illness, but rather during a period of seeming abundance and plenty.
Throughout history, food has often had a political tinge. Food shortages fomented the French Revolution and a number of riots in nineteenthcentury America. As recently as the 1930s and 1940s, food availability was
a major problem for members of my family. My aunt, Inge Joseph, spent
her teen years hiding from the Nazis in the French countryside with one
hundred other children; sometimes they had to make do eating plants and
herbs scavenged from the woods. My mother, who was lucky enough to
escape the Holocaust by being sent to the United States in the years just
7
before World War II, often went to bed hungry while living with foster
families in Chicago, who themselves were so financially strapped by the difficulties associated with the Great Depression and World War II that they
couldnt afford enough food for a growing teenager.
Food shortages have been nearly unknown to members of the baby
boomer generation that began sprouting in the years after World War II. In
those years of readjustment, Americas political and industrial leaders came
up with a uniquely modern capitalist solution to chronic worries about food
supplies and prices: use the principles of automation and economies of
scale learned from manufacturing automobiles, radios, textiles, and shoes
to mass-produce food. The key mass-production tools would be newly
developed fertilizers, powerful pesticides, and huge tractors, combines, and
balers. The results would be the same as with manufactured goodswed
lower unit costs and increase production, creating such vast quantities that
there would be abundant cheap food. Politicians wouldnt have to worry
about the populace having empty stomachs and could focus instead on
getting people to spend all the money saved on food for other things, like
homes, cars, furniture, and televisionsthereby growing the economy.
The strategy seemed to work in important ways. It reduced the burden
of food as a component of living expenses for all Americans. Since World
War II, the percentage of income the average American family spends on
food has declined by nearly half, from 22 percent in 19512 to 15 percent
in 1980, and from there to 12 percent in 2008.3 Macro-economically it
seemed to work as well, in the sense that the American economy exploded
after World War II, and other countries around the world have adopted at
least some of our cheap-food technologies to grow their economies as well.
Thus, even though baby boomers like me have lived through five wars since
the end of World War II (Korea, Vietnam, Iraq I, Afghanistan, Iraq II), not
one of them has led to even a hint of food shortages.
Unfortunately, the industrialization of food has had a number of serious
consequences: environmental pollution (from all the manure the massproduced pigs, cattle, and chickens generate); poisoning of our food with
pesticides; excessive processing and reliance on sugar, which may play a role
in exploding obesity and diabetes rates; the overuse of antibiotics, which
has likely encouraged the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria; and
the introduction of previously unknown pathogens into our food. But while
8
Introduction
the pollution, poisoning, and processing have likely led to huge increases
in chronic disease, its the pathogens that our public health establishment
has identified as the most serious public health risk at hand. Indeed, it has
used a few highly publicized outbreaks of illness to convince legislators,
judges, and consumers that we have been lax in protecting the public from
food-borne illness, and that we must do more to stamp out pathogens. Even
though the CDC counts only 13,000 to 27,000 cases of food-borne illness
each year, the agency argues (using complex and, frankly, convoluted
mathematical modeling) that the real number is nearly 50 million, since it
assumes huge numbers of cases arent reported.
From a business perspective, there is almost no way food quality couldnt
suffer from industrialization. The overriding incentive for producers under
the get-big-or-get-out philosophy is to continually lower costs so as to
increase profit margins. That means (without some kind of technological
magic of the sort that has lowered the cost of computers and other digital
technologies) lowering the quality of food inputscheaper animal feed,
more crowding of farm animals, greater use of antibiotics to counter disease
threats from the crowding, reliance on hormones or other artificial agents
to speed animal growth, and adding cheap fillers and flavorings.
Its one thing to cheapen the inputs on furniture and refrigerators (we all
know those things generally dont last like they used to), but quite another
to cheapen stuff we are putting into our bodies. Gradually we have learned
some of the effects. For example, much of the meat sold in American supermarkets and other retail outlets like Wal-Mart contains residues of antibiotics, which may be contributing to the expansion of antibiotic-resistant
bacterial illnesses, and possibly three-fourths or more of chicken contains
the pathogens campylobacter or salmonella.4
Corporate food producers, of course, dont want to tell customers that
the quality of mass-produced food has been declining. So they have fostered
the notion, backed up by the public health and medical communities, that
all food is the same nutritionally, whether conventional or organic, CAFO
(confined animal feeding operations) beef or beef raised on a small local
farm, mass-produced eggs or eggs produced from chickens that spend time
on pasture and searching out bugs. This is despite research suggesting that
eggs, for instance, can differ in the amount of nutrients and cholesterol they
contain depending on what the chickens are fed, or that unpasteurized milk
9
helps counter asthma and allergies in children. Most of the emphasis from
the medical and public health communities is on steering clear of disease by
avoiding bad foods like excessive fats and sugar, as opposed to ingesting
naturally produced nutrient-dense foods like fermented and locally produced vegetables or even acknowledging that there are good animal fats.
The cheap-food push fosters the perception that price is the prime differentiator among foodscheaper is better, and cheapest is best. I know any
number of health-conscious people who diligently exercise and eat low-fat,
low-sugar foods and yet seek out the cheapest supermarket chicken, eggs,
and milkpaying no heed to the likelihood that the animals that produced
the food were raised in dirty and unbelievably crowded conditions, and that
their products likely contain antibiotic residues to counter disease from the
filth. They try not to think about the possibility that they could join the
rapidly growing number of, for example, women experiencing chronic
urinary tract infections that antibiotics cant help. These same people will
turn away from chickens raised on small farms and pasture that cost two
dollars a pound more as too expensive.
Finally, the focus on safety has led to confusion between bacteria and
pathogens. Bacteria, of course, come in both friendly and unfriendly
forms, and there is growing appreciation that the friendly forms are ever
more essential to building up our immune systems. But our growing obsession with safety has led regulators to push ever harder to sanitize our food
system by enforcing standards and processes that eliminate all bacteria.
What happens when a lot of people begin to demand food devoid of the
problems that industrialization has fostered? When they begin demanding
real food, raised the old-fashioned way? For starters, we begin to see new
forms of community take shape as people organize privately to obtain
food they think will be more healthfulfor example, uncommon alliances
among suburban soccer moms and Amish farmers, involved arrangements
between urban professionals and small farms miles outside the city to coordinate food purchases and group deliveries, and efforts by city folks to pool
their funds to launch community-based farms.
All of which means there is a second question that needs to be asked in
addition to the one I posed about when we lost the right to obtain the foods
of our choice directly from farmers and other producers: How do we get
that right back? That is the focus of this book.
10
Praise for
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Food Rights
It seems far-fetched to think that police in black suits would make an
assault on what we-the-people have forever assumed was our right to eat
what we want to eat. Based on an extraordinary journalistic investigation,
David Gumpert makes a compelling case that we are witnessing a concerted
national program to shut down the buying and selling of pure, wholesome,
unadulterated foodfarm by farm and state by state. These assaults, being
carried out on farmers in the name of food safety, are jeopardizing our
basic liberties, which must include access to foods that keep us healthy.
There is no bigger story, and Gumpert has told it in a compelling, highly
readable fashion.
Abby Rockefeller, president of The ReSource Institute for Low
Entropy Systems and author of the scientific paper Civilization and Sludge
The 18th century was the century of political rights; the 19th century was
the century of womens rights; the 20th century was the century of civil
rights. The challenge of the 21st century will be the struggle for food and
farming rights. Thanks to the work of David Gumpert in chronicling this
ongoing battle, we have a roadmap for establishing the right to access the
foods of our choice. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Food Rights is highly recommended for anyone interested in family farms and nutrient-dense food.
Sally Fallon Morell, president of The Weston A. Price Foundation
A wakeup call for anyone who eats, Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Food Rights
is an expos on the American governments calculated attack and sinister
use of brute force on family farmers and consumers involved in the local
food movement. Through harrowing tales of government spying and raids,
David Gumpert demonstrates how complacency has allowed corporations
to manipulate federal agencies and gain complete control of our entire food
supply. If you care about what your family eats, read this book.
Linda Faillace, author of Mad Sheep:
The True Story of the USDAs War on a Family Farm
An issue this important should have its own revolutionary flag. The image
would show a farmer and a neighbor exchanging food above the classic
motto Dont tread on me. This is a revolution that needs to happen. What
could be more important to all of us than control over the quality of food
we put in our bodies?
Eliot Coleman, author of The Winter Harvest Handbook,
Four-Season Harvest, and The New Organic Grower
With incredible clarity and masterful storytelling, David Gumpert leads
us on a journey into the trenches of Americas battle over food rights. No
one knows this terrain and understands the implications as thoroughly as
Gumpert, and the result is a book that will by turns enrage and inspire you.
The battle for the right to nourish our bodies with real food must be won,
and this book is an essential part of making that happen.
Ben Hewitt, author of The Town That Food Saved:
How One Community Found Vitality in Local Food
This book will get you fired up! David Gumpert makes an eloquent case
for the importance of food rights and documents the actions of government
regulators against small farms and buyers clubs. These infuriating stories
are woven together and contextualized by Gumperts insightful legal and
political analysis. For anyone interested in reclaiming food, this book shows
you that you are part of a larger political struggle.
Sandor Ellix Katz, author of The Art of Fermentation,
The Revolution Will Not Be Microwaved, and Wild Fermentation
David Gumpert plucks out some of the most salient battles in this current
food war and brings them to our awareness with the storytelling genius of
a spy novel. The intrigue, the angst, the heartache, and the heroism are
all displayed.
Joel Salatin, from the Foreword