ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

MODULE 1

FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 1 : FUNCTIONS Contents 1.1 Concept map 1.2 Determine domain , codomain , object, image and range of relation 1.3 Classifying the types of relations 2.1 Recognize functions as a special relation. 2.2 Expressing functions using function notation. 2.3 Determine domain , object , image and range 3.0 Composite Functions 4.0 SPM Questions 5.0 Assessment test 6.0 Answers Page 2 3 3 4-5

6 -9 9 10 11 12 13 14

CONCEPT MAP

FUNCTIONS

Relations

Functions

Object images .,,

Type of relation

Function Notation

Composite Functions

Inverse Functions

One to one Many to one

f: x y Or

fg ( x ) = . .. Object

f(x)=y

1.1 Functions Express the relation between the following pairs of sets in the form of arrow diagram, ordered pair and graph. Arrow diagram Ordered pair Graph a ) Set A = { Kelantan, Perak , Selangor } Set B = { Shah Alam , Kota Bharu ,Ipoh } Relation: City of the state in Malaysia

b )Set A = { triangle,rectangle, pentagon } Set B = { 3,4,5 } Relation : Number of Sides

1.2 Determine domain , codomain , object, image and range of relation. List down the domain , codomain , objects , images and the range of the following relation .
3 2 1 -2 -3 Set P Diagram 1 9 5 4 3 1 Set Q

Domain = { } Codomain = { } Object = Image = Range =... 1.3 Classifying the types of relations State the type of the following relations a)
x

x 2
4 16 36

b)

xX 3 2 -2 -3

4 9

2 4 6

..

c)

X2

d)
4 9 -3

Type of number

Prime Even

3 2 -3 4 9

..

2.0 Functions 2.1 Recognize functions as a special relation. 2.2 Expressing functions using function notation. 2.3 Determine domain , object , image and range 2.1 Identify each of the following relations is a function or not. a)
A p q r B A B A B p q r

b)
1 2 3 p q r a b c d

c)
a b c

2.2 Express each of the following functions using function notation. a) b) c)

A 2 3 4

B 4 6 8

A 2 3 4

B 4 9 16

A 1 2 3

B 5 7 9

Function notation f : x ..

Function notation g : x ..
5

Function notation h : x ..

or f ( x ) =

or g ( x ) =

or h ( x ) =

2.3 a)Find the image for each of the following functions. (i)f:x

2x + 9

( ii ) f : x

f (5 ) =

5x + 3 2

iii) h : x

x +6 5

f (-3 ) =

find h ( -2 )

..

b ) Find the object for each of the following functions. i )f : x 2x 3 , find the object when the image is 5.
2x + 8 , find the 3 6 7 , find the x

ii )f : x

i )f : x

object when the image is 3.

object when the image is -5.

c ) Find the value of x for each of the following function. i) f ( x ) = 2x + 7 for which f ( x ) = 3 ii ) g(x)=
8 2 x +1

iii)

h(x) =

x 3 2

for which g (x) = 4

for which h ( x ) = x

3.0 Composite Functions

fg f: a b g: bc gf : a c

3.1 ( a ) Find the value for each of the following composite functions i ) f( x ) = x + 2 and g ( x) = 5x + 3 find fg ( 2 ) = ii ) g ( x ) = 2 +5x find g2(4)
1 and g 2

iii) f(x) = 3x+ (x)=

1 .Find fg ( 1 ) x +1

( b ) Find the following composite function. ( i ) f( x ) = 2x + 3 g( x ) = 1 x fg ( x ) = ( ii ) f( x ) = 2x + 3 g( x ) = 2 + 5 x2 gf ( x ) = ( iii ) f ( x ) = 1 g(x)= fg ( x ) =

4 x x 2

( c) Find the value of x for each of the following composite function. i) f ( x ) =

3 x

ii )f( x ) = 2x + 4 g ( x ) = x -2 fg ( x ) = 2

iii) f ( x ) = 1 g (x ) =
4 x

x , 2

g ( x ) = 2x + 1 fg ( x ) = 5

fg ( x ) = -1

( d ) Solve i )Given the function f: x 4x + k , g:x x2 fg : x mx + 8 Find the value of k and m ii )Given the function f: x 9 2x , g : x ax + b and fg: x 1 6x Find the value of a and b. iii)Given the function f: x 2x 1 , g : x 4x and gf : x ax + b Find the value of a and b

4.0 SPM QUESTIONS SPM 2004 ( paper 1, question no 1 ) 1. Diagram 1 shows the relation between set P and set Q
9

d e f

w x y z

Set P Diagram 1

Set Q

State ( a ) the range of the relation, ( b ) the type of relation. Answer:

[2 marks]

SPM 2004 ( paper 1, question no 3) 1. Given the function h ( x ) =

6 ,x x

0 and the composite function hg ( x ) = 3x , find

[ 4 marks]

(a)g(x) ( b ) the value of x when gh ( x ) = 5. Answer:

10

SPM 2005 Question 1. In Diagram 1 , the function h maps x to y and the function g maps y to z.
x h y g z

8 5 2

Diagram 1

Determine ( a ) gh ( 2 ) Answer:

11

5.0 Assessment( 30 minutes) 1)

a b c P q r s A Diagram 1 B

The diagram above shows the relation between set A and set B. State a) the type of relation b) the range of relation Answer:

2) Given that f : x 2x + 7 find the object when image is 3. Answer:

12

3) Given that f ( x ) = 10 kx and f ( 2 ) = 4 ( k constant ) . Find the value of k. Answer:

4) Given that f ( x ) = 4x -1 and g ( x ) = 2x + 3 . Find i ) fg ( x ) ii ) fg ( - 2 ) Answer:

5 ) Given the function f : x px + 2 and g : x qx + 3 . If the composite function fg is such that fg ( x ) = 8x + 8 , find the values of p and q. Answer:

13

6.0 ANSWERS 1.1 Arrow diagram

Kel Sel Per KB SA Ipoh

Ordered pair

Graph
KB SA Ipoh

{ (kel, kb), (Sel,

S.Alam), ( Perak,Ipoh) }

Kel

Sel

Per

Tri rec Pen

3 3 4 5

{ (Tri, 3), (rec, 4), ( Pen,5) }

5 4 3

Pen

rec

Tri

1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3

Domain = { -3,-2,1,2,3 } , codomain = { 1,3,4,5,9 } , Object =1,2,3,-2,-3 Image = 1,3,4,5,9 , Range = { 1,4,9 } ( a ) one to one ( b ) One to many( c ) many to one( d ) many to many ( a ) function ( b ) Not function ( c ) function
1 2

(a) 2x (b) x2 (c) 2x + 3 a) ( I ) 19 (ii) -6 (iii ) 3 b) (i) 2 (ii) (iii) 3 c) (i) -2 (ii)

1 (iii) -3 2

3.1

a) ( i) 15

(ii ) 102

( iii) 2
14

b) (i) 5 2x c) (i) 1 5

(ii) 20x2+60x+47 (ii) 1 (iii) 1 (ii) a=3,b=4

(iii) 1-

2 x

d) (i) k=16,m=4 4.0 SPM QUESTIONS SPM 2004( P1,Q1) a) SPM 2004( P1,Q3) SPM 2005( P1,Q1)

(iii) a=8,b= - 4

range = { x,y } b )many to one

2 , x 0 3

(a) g(x) = 8

( b) x = 15

5.0 Assessment( 30 minutes) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ( a)many to many -2 k=3 (i) 8x+11

1 p = , q = 16 2

( b ) range = { p,q,r }

(ii) -5

15