PCUSN Refeerence Manual

Wireless Service Provider Solutions
PCUSN Reference Manual

PE/DCL/DD/0091 15.05/EN Standard September 2004 411--9001--091
Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks
< 91 >
: PCUSN Reference Manual
Wireless Service Provider Solutions

Document number: PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091 Document status: Standard Document issue: 15.05/EN Product release: GSM/BSS V15.0 Date: September 2004
Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved Originated in France

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel Networks. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only. You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in any form without prior written consent of Nortel Networks. The following are trademarks of Nortel Networks: *NORTEL NETWORKS, the NORTEL NETWORKS corporate logo, the NORTEL Globemark, UNIFIED NETWORKS, BSC6000, S2000, S4000, S8000. GSM is a trademark of France Telecom. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Nortel Networks Confidential
Publication History
iii
PUBLICATION HISTORY
System release : GSM/BSS V15.0
September 2004 Issue 15.05/EN Preliminary Created Chapter 6 for CR Q00978704 May 2004 Issue 15.04/EN Preliminary Incorporated Feature 26394 information to Section 4.1.5 (GPRS Sleepy cells Step 1) Incorporated Feature 27095 information to Section 4.1.6 (Dynamic Agprs & EDGE) March 2004 Issue 15.03/EN Preliminary Incorporated SME review comments January 2004 Issue 15.02/EN Draft The following feature was incorporated: 13897: Asynchronous BTS-PCU interface December 2003 Issue 15.01/EN Draft The following features were incorporated: 18749: PCUSNmore than 12 Agprs PCMs per BSC (step 1: up to one full PCUSN shelf per BSC) 19174: EDGE dynamic Abis and Agprs backhaul
System release : GSM/BSS V14.3
iv
Publication History
October 2003 Issue 14.09/EN Standard August 2003 Issue 14.08/EN Preliminary April 2003 Issue 14.07/EN Preliminary Minor editorial update January 2003 Issue 14.05/EN Preliminary Minor editorial update December 2002 Issue 14.03/EN Preliminary Updated for the V14.3 system release (BSS) September 2002 Issue 14.02/EN Preliminary Related Documents paragraph update August 2002 Issue 14.01/EN Draft March 2002 Issue 13.03/EN Standard Changed to Standard - Minor editorial update November 2001 Issue 13.02/EN Preliminary Modification of Chapter 5 (Dimensioning rules are now described in NTP < 138 >).
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
September 2004 Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks
Publication History
July 2001 Issue 13.01/EN Preliminary Minor editorial update September 2001 Issue 12.09/EN Standard No update for 12.4C Customer Readiness release. June 2001 Issue 12.08/EN Preliminary Update after review April 2001 Issue 12.07/EN Draft The following change was made throughout the document: Chapter 1 Cabinet description
updated the description of multiplexor
September 2000 Issue 12.06/EN Standard Update after internal review. June 2000 Issue 12.05/EN Preliminary The following change was made throughout the document: updated for V12 system release integrated the Passport 15K cabinet integrated new PCUSN configurations January 2000 Issue 12.04/EN Draft The following change was made throughout the document:
vi
Publication History
updated for V12 system release after internal review Issue 12.03/EN Draft The following change was made throughout the document: updated for V12 system release November 1999 Issue 12.02/EN Draft The following change was made throughout the document: updated for V12 system release September 1999 Issue 12.01/EN Draft Creation.
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Table of contents
vii
About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How this document is organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0-1
0--1 0--1 0--1 0--2 0--2 0--2
1
1.1 1.2
Cabinet description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PCUSN in the GSM network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 Generalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One PCUSN shelf configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two PCUSN shelves configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Termination and sparing panel shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1--1 1--3 1--3 1--5 1--7 1--7 1--8 1--8 1--8 1--10 1--21 1--22 1--25 1--25 1--25 1--26 1--27
1.3
Cabinet shelf layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4
1.4 1.5
Multiplexor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabinet cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 Function processor board and termination panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.1
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 Control processor boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function processor boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Termination panel shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional unit organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packet Control Unit (PCU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1
2--1 2--3 2--5 2--8 2--8 2--11 2--11 2--14
2.2
Functional architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 2.2.2
viii
Table of contents
2.3
2.2.3 PCU Support Application (PCUSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2--16 2--16
3
3.1
Board description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four-port DS1C function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four--port E1C function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two-port E3C AAL function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two-port DS3C AAL function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCU server processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6.1 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6.2 Physical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
3--2 3--2 3--2 3--5 3--5 3--5 3--10 3--10 3--10 3--15 3--15 3--15 3--17 3--17 3--17 3--20 3--20 3--20
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4
4.1
Software description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1 Packet Control Unit (PCU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2 4.1.3 PCU Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-1
4--1 4--2 4--2 4--2 4--3 4--4 4--6 4--7 4--8 4--8
4.2
4.1.4 MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.5 GPRS Sleepy cells Step 1: Automatic Detection and Recovery . . . . . . 4.1.6 Dynamic Agprs & EDGE: Joker handling algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.7 Network Service Element (NSE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software distribution to hardware units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Packet Control Unit (PCU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 6
6.1 6.2
Dimensioning rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN Preventive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weekly Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1 SPM Operation Status Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-1 6-1
6--1 6--2 6--2
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Standard 15.05/EN
Table of contents
ix
6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 6.3.9 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4
Standby cards status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check CP Sync--Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check PCUSN time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN CP Card Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NMSUSER Rights checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PASSPORT BUS status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bus test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redundant CP/E3C (DS3)/PCUSP Card Switchover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check of CP redundancy (No GPRS service impact) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check of PCUSP redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check of E3C redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN / MUX Visual Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN Faults / Alarms Check ............................................................. BVC, Cell Consistency Check ............................................................. GPRS Timeslot Check ............................................................. NSVC state Check .............................................................
6--2 6--2 6--2 6--3 6--3 6--3 6--3 6--3 6--4 6--5 6--5 6--6 6--6 6--7 6--7 6--7 6--8 6--8
Monthly Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Daily Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of figures
Figure 1--1 Figure 1--2 Figure 1--3 Figure 1--4 Figure 1--5 Figure 1--6 Figure 1--7 Figure 1--8 Figure 1--9 Figure 2--1 Figure 2--2 Figure 2--3 Figure 2--4 Figure 3--1 Figure 3--2 Figure 3--3 Figure 3--4 Figure 3--5 Figure 3--6 Figure 3--7 Figure 3--8 Figure 4--1 Figure 4--2 Figure 4--3
Location of the PCUSN in the BSS network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN board assembly layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC shelf assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling unit assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1/E3 multiplexor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T1/T3 multiplexor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN hardware overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN OA&M I/F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCU function unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four--port DS1C function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DS1C Termination panel pinout and signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four--port E1C function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1C termination panel pinout and signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E3C AAL function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DS3C AAL function processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCU server processor board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core PCU software architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN software mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware view of the mapped PCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1--2 1--9 1--11 1--14 1--17 1--18 1--20 1--23 1--24 2--2 2--12 2--13 2--14 3--4 3--6 3--9 3--11 3--14 3--16 3--18 3--21 4--1 4--8 4--11
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Standard 15.05/EN
List of tables
xi
Table 1--1 Table 3--1 Table 3--2 Table 3--3 Table 3--4 Table 3--5 Table 3--6
External alarm connector pinout of the PCUSN shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethernet 10Base--T connector pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V24 connector pinout and signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinout and signal names of the C0 connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinout and signal names of the C1 connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinout and signal names of the C0 connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinout and signal names of the C1 connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1--27 3--3 3--3 3--7 3--8 3--12 3--13
xii
List of tables
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
About this document
0-1
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

This document describes the PCUSN (Packet Control Unit Support Node), which is a component in the Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
Applicability
This document applies to the V.15.0 system release (BSS). V15.0 features are not supported on the BSC2G. (BSC2G functionality is kept on BSCs running the 14.3 software load). PCUSN is based on PCR 5.2.
Audience
This document is intended for operations and maintenance personnel and other users who wish to acquire a thorough knowledge of the PCUSN.
Prerequisites
We recommend that the reader become familiar with the following NTPs: < 00 > : BSS Product Documentation Overview < 01 > < 07 > : BSS Overview : BSS Operating Principles
< 124 > : BSS Parameter Dictionary < 125 > : Observation Counter Dictionary < 129 > : OMC-R User Manual - Volume 2 of 3: Configuration, Performance, and Maintenance menus < 130 > : OMC-R User Manual - Volume 3 of 3: Security, Administration, SMS-CB, and Help menus NTP < 00 > contains a comprehensive glossary of BSS terms.
0-2
About this document
Related documents
The following NTPs are quoted in this document: 241-5701-005 241-5701-030 241-5701-200 241-1501-200 Passport 7400, 8700, 15000 List of Terms Passport 7400, 8700 Overview Passport 7400, 8700 Hardware Description Passport 15000, 20000 Hardware Description
How this document is organized

Chapter 1 describes the layout and content of the PCUSN cabinet, as well as its cabling and power distribution. Chapter 2 presents the PCUSN architecture and describes its physical structure, focusing on the functional architecture of the subsystems. Chapter 3 describes the functions of PCUSN boards and also describes the front panel. Chapter 4 lists PCUSN software entities and shows how they are installed on the hardware units. This chapter is a reference for personnel who install new versions of software. Chapter 5 describes factors governing PCUSN performance, including dimensioning.
Regulatory information
Refer to NTP < 01 >.
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Cabinet description
1-1
CABINET DESCRIPTION
1.1 PCUSN in the GSM network
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a wireless packet data service that is an extension to the GSM network. The GPRS network infrastructure is implemented on the existing wireless infrastructure with the introduction of: a new entity, the PCUSN, in the BSS network a new network, the GPRS Core Network, added to the NSS network The PCUSN is a separate node in the BSS (see Figure 1-1) that is used in order to provide the specific packet processing (PCU) of the GPRS. It provides the interworking function between the BSS and the GPRS Core Network. It is connected to the BSCs via the Agprs interface and to the SGSN of the GPRS Core Network via the Gb interface.
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Cabinet description
BSS GSM/GPRS BTS
OMC-R GSM/GPRS
BTS BTS
BSC TCU
PCUSN
SGSN HLR MSL/VLR NSS VOICE PSTN/ISDN SIG GPRS CORE NETWORK GGSN
OTHER BSSs GSM/GPRS
DATA PSTN (Internet, X.25)
OTHERS NETWORKS
Figure 1-1
Location of the PCUSN in the BSS network
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Cabinet description
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1.2
PCUSN physical characteristics

The PCUSN hardware was designed to meet certain objectives: modularity, so that the PCUSN shelf can be customized to suit current or anticipated network requirements by adding specific assemblies as necessary deployment of the PCUSN cabinet in both customer-premise equipment and central office environments front access to replaceable assemblies front display of all alarm LEDs and status indicators systematic organization and management of a large number of cables and cable types conformance to safety standards
1.2.1
Generalities There are two types of cabinets associated with the PCUSN: the Passport 7K/8K and the Passport 15K VSS.
1.2.1.1
Passport 7K/8K cabinet
This cabinet exists in two configurations: the standard cabinet and the seismic cabinet. A cabinet can house up two PCUSN shelves.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the standard PCUSN cabinet are: height: 197 cm (78 in.) width: 60 cm (24 in.) depth: 60 cm (24 in.) The dimensions of the seismic PCUSN cabinet are: height: 197 cm (78 in.) width: 60 cm (24 in.) depth: 80 cm (31 in.)
Weight
The weight of the standard PCUSN cabinet is 200.5 kg (441 lb). The weight of the seismic PCUSN cabinet is 239.1 kg (526 lb).
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Cabinet description
1.2.1.2
Passport 15K VSS cabinet
A cabinet can house a PCUSN shelf in the top part and a Passport 15K VSS shelf in the bottom part.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the PCUSN cabinet are: height: 212.5 cm (84 in.) width: 60 cm (23 in.) depth: 60 cm (23 in.)
Weight
The weight of the PCUSN cabinet is 395 kg (562 lb).
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1.2.2
PCUSN structure The PCUSN is contained in one cabinet. The mechanical structure of the PCUSN cabinet depends on: the cabinet type: Passport 7K/8K or Passport 15K VSS cabinet the cabinet configuration type; in the case of a Passport 7K/8K cabinet:
standard cabinet seismic cabinet
The different versions of the PCUSN cabinet are not interchangeable since each one requires a distinct type of: mechanical metal housing containing the processor boards and power converters grounding scheme The cabinet has adjustable leveling feet. Attached to the leveling feet are L-brackets for securing anchor brackets.
1.2.2.1 Locks
The PCUSN cabinet has two locking doors: one at the front, one at the back. The doors can be hung to swing either to the right or to the left.
1.2.2.2 Cabinet layout
The PCUSN shelf is installed in the lower part of the PCUSN cabinet for stability. Termination panels can be installed either at the front or the back of the PCUSN cabinet. The backplane is a printed circuit board which interconnects with the PCUSN shelf assemblies for integrated power and signal distribution. Exit panels are at the top and bottom for cables.
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Cabinet description
1.2.2.3
Front access
The PCUSN cabinet is designed so that access to the active elements for typical operating and maintenance procedures is from the front. This means that: replaceable assemblies (processors, power converters and the cooling unit) are plug-in units that can be inserted and removed from the front cable connections are made to the front panels of the processors all status indicators can be seen from the front
1.2.2.4 Status indicators and alarms
Status indicators and alarms indicate the status of certain PCUSN elements. LED status indicators on each processor board show the status of the unit. One LED status indicator on each power converter and on the cooling unit shows the status of each unit. Three indicators on the cabinet front door show the status of the PCUSN:
the red one indicating a major alarm on the PCUSN
A major alarm is generated when a function processor board or control processor board fails. The red MAJOR LED comes on. If the installation has external alarms, an external alarm is also generated.
the yellow one indicating a minor alarm on the PCUSN
A minor alarm is generated if: a power converter fails the fan in a cooling unit fails the cooling unit is disconnected from the node shelf assembly The yellow MINOR LED comes on. If the installation has external alarms, an external alarm is also generated.
the green one indicating that the cabinet is powered on
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1.2.3
Cooling mechanism The PCUSN cabinet uses forced air for cooling the internal assemblies of the PCUSN shelf. The intake draws air from both the base and the front of the cabinet, and forces it vertically through the PCUSN shelf where it exhausts to the rear of the cabinet at the cable management assembly. The cooling unit has two separate components: a fan assembly with two fans a filter A front panel LED status indicator glows either red or green to indicate the status of the cooling unit. When the PCUSN shelf is fully configured, the cooling unit generates about 1770 W.
1.2.4
Power supply The dc power supplies are: nominal: -60 V dc to -48 V dc operational: -72 V dc to -40 V dc
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Cabinet description
1.3
1.3.1
Cabinet shelf layout

One PCUSN shelf configuration In this configuration, the PCUSN cabinet is composed of the following (see Figure 1-2): one PCUSN shelf one or two multiplexers termination and sparing panels
1.3.2
Two PCUSN shelves configuration In this configuration, the PCUSN cabinet is composed of the following: two PCUSN shelves (Passport 7K/8K) termination and sparing panels The multiplexers are located in an external rack. Two, three, or four multiplexers can be present.
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Cabinet description
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Front view
Rear view
Figure 1-2
PCUSN cabinet
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Cabinet description
1.3.3
PCUSN shelf The PCUSN shelf is located in the bottom part of the Passport 7K/8K cabinet and in the top part of the Passport 15K VSS cabinet. The PCUSN shelf is composed of four shelves (see Figure 1-3): the first one, which is the cable management assembly the second one, which houses the control and function processor boards the third one, which houses the power converters the fourth one, which is the cooling unit assembly The top part of the PCUSN cabinet can contain a second PCUSN shelf.
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Cabinet description
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Cable guides Cable management assembly
Function and control processor boards
Shelf assembly
Power supplies
Air filter
Cooling unit assembly
Cooling unit
Figure 1-3
PCUSN shelf
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Cabinet description
1.3.3.1
Cable management assembly
Description The cable management assembly is located at the top of the PCUSN shelf. The cable management assembly organizes and manages a large number of cables (copper, coaxial, and fiber). This is especially useful for configurations involving high cabling termination from other types of cable. The cable management assembly consists of a cable guide and a housing assembly. The cable guide is quarter-rounded, ensuring that a minimum bend radius is met for copper and fiber cables. Its guide slots, which support and route cables, are in two widths (thick and thin) to separate fiber cables from other types of cable. The housing assembly routes cables from the front of the cabinet to the rear. It has a door that swings upward and slides back for installing cables. The door has a configuration map for marking cable information. Purpose The cable management assembly is used to connect the processor boards to the termination panels. Cables connect to the front panels of the processor boards, and are routed from the guide slots of the cable guide to the rear of the PCUSN shelf where they can be routed vertically upwards or downwards in channels along both sides of the PCUSN shelf. Cable management ensures that: the cables of adjacent processor boards do not interfere with each other any processor board can be withdrawn from the PCUSN shelf without disturbing adjacent boards or their cables the cables can be easily secured in position the cables can be easily routed to the back of the shelf The PCUSN cabinet has exit ports on the top and bottom for cables.
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1.3.3.2
Processor board assembly
Processor board assembly layout The processor board assembly has 16 slots. Each processor board slides into its allocated slot, labelled 0 to 15, where its connector engages with a connector on the backplane: Function processor boards can occupy any of slots 1 to 14. Control processor boards occupy slots 0 and 15. Slots not occupied by a function processor board are fitted with blank boards to ensure proper cooling of the node, and for electro-magnetic interference protection and safety compliance. Types of processor boards The board layout in the processor board assembly is shown in Figure 1-4. It contains: two control processor boards (including one board for redundancy) two-port DS3C AAL function processor boards or two E3C AAL function processor boards, which is the 32-port E1 AAL one (including one for redundancy) a two to four four-port DS1C/E1C function processor boards (including one for redundancy) two or four PCUSP PCU Server Processor boards (including one or two for redundancy) The PCU Server Processor board is a double-width-sized board, which occupies two PCUSN board slots.
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Cabinet description
10
11
12
13
14
15
CP PCUSP DS1C DS1C DS3 PCUSP 12 or or 12 or E1C E1C E3
PCUSP DS3 DS1C DS1C PCUSP CP 12 or or or 12 E3 E1C E1C
2 CP boards: (Control Processor) (1+1) redundancy
2 DS3 or E3 boards: Agprs interface (1+1) redundancy
4 DS1C or E1C boards: Gb interface Load sharing & Redundancy s/w (equiv. N+1 redundancy)
4 PCUSP-12 boards: (PCU Service Processor) 12 SPM per PCUSP (Signal Processing Module) (1+1) redundancy
Figure 1-4
PCUSN board assembly layout
Control processor board redundancy One control processor board is active while the other one is in standby. Automatic switchover from the active control processor board to the standby minimizes the impact on service if the active control processor board fails.
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There are two standby modes: warm: no state synchronization with function processor boards hot standby control processor board redundancy: full state synchronization with function processor boards that support hot standby Redundancy of the hot-standby control processor board ensures that, following a control processor board switchover, state information is synchronized between the standby control processor board and all the function processor boards on the PCUSN shelf. When a switchover occurs, the function processor boards that are running services that support hot standby continue to process users data packets on already established calls. Function processor boards that are running services that do not support hot standby undergo a restart as in the warm standby mode. Hot standby control processor board redundancy can be disabled and enabled as required ; the feature is enabled by default. Function processor board redundancy The following interfaces can be spared for automatic switchover, minimizing the impact of a line or interface failure on supported services: DS1 (DS1C) E1 (E1C) DS3 (DS3C AAL) E3 (E3C AAL) PCUSP Before setting up sparing, the product equipment codes (first six digits: four letters and two numbers) on the front panels of both the active and the spare function processor boards must match. Traffic is temporarily disrupted to the active function processor board during the time it takes to identify the failure and perform the switchover. Each function processor board can be removed and inserted without disrupting traffic not dependent on it. Function processor boards automatically reboot upon re-insertion, and automatically activate their software and provisioning data.
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Cabinet description
1.3.3.3
Power supply assembly
Description The power supply assembly is located directly below the processor board assembly. It contains the power distribution for both primary and secondary power supply. The power converters slide into their allocated slots where their connectors engage with those of the backplane. A handle mounted on the front panel of each power converter can be lowered to remove the unit, and snaps into the upright position to secure the unit in place. A locking screw prevents tampering. Blank panels are inserted into slots not used to ensure cooling of the PCUSN shelf. Redundancy The power supply assembly can house up to three identical power converters. Two power converters are required to power a fully equipped PCUSN cabinet. The third power converter, used in a load-sharing capacity, provides redundancy (one-for-n sparing). Although the three power converters operate in a load-sharing capacity, two of them will maintain the PCUSN services should one fail. One of the three power converters can be removed and inserted without disrupting service. LED status indicator The front panel of each power converter has a power (O/I) switch and a LED status indicator (see Figure 1-5). The switch is set to I for powering the PCUSN shelf and to O for removing the power converter. If the power converter to be removed is spared, PCUSN operation will not be interrupted. A front panel LED status indicator on each power supply converter glows red or green to indicate its status.
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Cabinet description
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Locking screw LED status indicator Power switch
Figure 1-5
Power supply
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Cabinet description
Purpose The power converters convert the primary power inputs into the required +5, +12 and -12 V dc secondary operating voltages for distribution by way of the backplane through the PCUSN shelf. Type of power converter There is only one type of shelf assembly depending on the power supply type: the dc shelf assembly for the -48 V dc to - 60 V dc installations. The dc version is deployed either in central office environments or in customer-premise equipment environments where battery backup systems are used to provide uninterrupted service. The dc version of the power supply assembly is characterized by the type of rear power input panel used for connecting the power supplies (see Figure 1-6). The input panel at the rear of the shelf assembly has: a terminating barrier strip two alarm connections (one for an eventual second PCUSN shelf in the cabinet, another for routing alarms for display in another location) a door alarm connector for the alarm on the cabinet door a ground lug a cooling unit connector
DC shelf assembly
Rear view
Figure 1-6
DC shelf assembly
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Cabinet description
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1.3.3.4
Location The cooling unit is located in the lower part of the PCUSN shelf, below the power supply assembly. Description The cooling unit assembly has two separate components (see Figure 1-7): a fan assembly with two fans an air filter Both span the width of the PCUSN shelf and slide into position. The fan assembly has a front handle which lowers for removing the assembly, and a locking screw which prohibits tampering. LED status indicator A front panel LED status indicator glows either red or green to indicate the status of the section: Green indicates that the unit has power Red indicates that the unit has lost power or that the air flow is restricted in the air filter.
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Cabinet description
Locking screw LED status indicator Air filter
Fan assembly
Figure 1-7
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Cabinet description
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1.3.4
1.3.4.1
Termination and sparing panel shelf

Termination panels
The PCUSN cabinet can house up to 14 termination panels in its upper part (seven in the upper front part and seven in the upper rear part). The PCUSN cabinet houses 19-in. termination panels. The termination panel is a cable distribution system between the network and the function processors. The termination panels are available in two types of connection format: twisted-pair connections (balanced) coaxial connections (unbalanced)
1.3.4.2 Sparing panel
A sparing panel enables the use of a single function processor board to spare multiple function processor boards of the same type and vintage. For example, a one-for-n sparing panel where n=1 to 4 protects up to four function processor boards with a single spare function processor board. When a main function processor board connected to a one-for-n sparing panel fails, the control processor board identifies which main function processor board has failed, and instructs the panel to switch the relay contacts for the failed function processor board to the spare. Traffic for the failed function processor board switches to the spare.
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Cabinet description
1.4
Multiplexor
The boards used in the PCUSN terminate in coaxial E3/T3 cables and the BSC uses E1/T1 transmission facilities.
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Cabinet description
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To LINK A To LINK A Rx port of Tx port of the MUX 2 the MUX 2
To LINK A To LINK A Rx port of Tx port of the MUX 1 the MUX 1
Spare P2 Tx Main P2 line Tx P2 line Rx P1 line Tx P1 line Rx P0 line Tx P0 line Rx Monitor P1 P2 Rx P1 Tx P1 Rx P0 Tx P0 Rx Monitor P2
P2 Tx 17 | 32 TXM 1 | 16 Rx 17 | 32 Tx Rx 1 | 16 Tx
P2 Rx
P1 Tx
P1 Rx
P0 Tx
P0 Rx
Monitor P0 17 | 32 TXM 1 | 16 Rx 17 | 32 Tx Rx 1 | 16 Tx
E3 Spare card
E3 Main card
The wiring between the MUX and the E3 board must be done according to the final configuration: PCUSN12 (with 1 MUX and up to 12 Agprs links) PCUSN24 (with 2 MUX and up to 24 Agprs links)
Figure 1-8
E1/E3 multiplexor
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Cabinet description
To DS3 IN To DS3 OUT port of port of the MUX the MUX
Spare P2 Tx Main P2 line Tx P2 line Rx P1 line Tx P1 line Rx P0 line Tx P0 line Rx Monitor P1 P2 Rx P1 Tx P1 Rx P0 Tx P0 Rx Monitor P2
P2 Tx
P2 Rx
P1 Tx
P1 Rx
P0 Tx
auto/
Monitor P0
TXM1 TXM0
TXM1 TXM0
Rx1 Tx1
Rx1 Tx1
Rx0 Tx0
Rx0 Tx0
DS3 Spare card
DS3 Main card
Figure 1-9
T1/T3 multiplexor
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1.5
Cabinet cabling
The backplane of the PCUSN cabinet is a printed circuit board which interconnects with the PCUSN shelf assemblies for integrated power and signal distribution. Each function and processor board connects to the backplane through a 4 x 90 Norcon connector. Two bus terminator boards, one at each end of the backplane, terminate the backplane traces. The bus is fully redundant. It consists of two synchronous 32-bit 25-MHz cell buses, operating in a load-sharing capacity, which can communicate with all the processors.
1.5.1
Function processor board and termination panel The termination panels contribute to the reliability of the PCUSN shelf through one-for-one sparing, as they connect both the main and standby function processor boards. When a termination panel is used, a cable then connects the termination panel to the appropriate connector (ports) on the front panel of the function processor board. The following connections are made either directly to the function processor boards or through a termination panel: T1 and E1 line connection from external interfacing equipment to DS1C and E1C function processor boards trunk connection from external equipment to DS3 and E3 function processor boards (not implemented in the first release of GPRS) DS3 line connection from external equipment to DS3C and E3C function processor boards The 10BaseT cables from external Ethernet nodes connect to the control processor board.
1.5.2
Power supply The power source of the PCUSN shelf is connected at the rear of the shelf assembly. For the dc shelf assembly, there is a terminating barrier strip.
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Cabinet description
1.5.3
Equipment grounding The PCUSN cabinet is grounded to protect both personnel and equipment. Grounding for the dc configuration is based on separate signal and frame grounds. These are separately connected directly to the ground window. Grounding through the power cord and the grounding post provides all grounding requirements for boards and termination panels that are integral with the cabinet. Boards are grounded through the backplane connectors ; integrated rear-mounted termination panels are grounded through the Heat dissipation and thermal engineering. At the extreme left side of the PCUSN shelf section is a jack for connecting a grounding wrist strap. The wrist strap must be used when handling assemblies such as the processor boards, sensitive to electro-static discharge.
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1.5.4
External alarm The front door of the PCUSN cabinet and the rear of the shelf assembly have an alarm connector. Table 1-1 identifies the external alarm connector pinout of the shelf assembly.
Pin number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Contact major alarm connection for location 1 major alarm connection for location 2 major alarm connection for location 3 no connection minor alarm connection for location 1 minor alarm connection for location 2 minor alarm connection for location 3 no connection major alarm connection for location 1 major alarm connection for location 2 major alarm connection for location 3 no connection minor alarm connection for location 1 minor alarm connection for location 2 minor alarm connection for location 3
Note: All relay contacts are normally open
Table 1-1
External alarm connector pinout of the PCUSN shelf
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Cabinet description
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Architecture
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ARCHITECTURE
This chapter provides an overview of the PCUSN physical and functional architecture. It should help the reader to understand the PCUSN functions presented in the next chapters.
2.1
Physical architecture
The PCUSN cabinet is organized as follows: one PCUSN shelf multiplexors termination and sparing panels The PCUSN shelf contains up to 16 boards (see Figure 2-1): two control processor (CP) boards two or four four-port DS1/E1 Channelized Function Processor (FP) boards two two-port DS3/E3 Channelized AAL Function Processor (FP) boards two or four PCU Server Processor (PCUSP) boards including:
the mother board with two SPMs (Signal Processing Modules) the daughter board with ten SPMs
The PCUSN will use up to 12 SPMs per PCUSP. In fact, the shelf can accommodate a maximum of 14 FP boards and two CP boards. The number of boards depends on the capacity requirements and on whether redundancy is used.
2-2
Architecture
10
11
12
13
14
15
CP
PCUSP DS1C DS1C DS3C PCUSP or 12 or 12 or E1C E1C E3C
PCUSP DS3C DS1C DS1C PCUSP CP 12 or or or 12 E3C E1C E1C
2 CP boards: (Control Processor) (1+1) redundancy
2 DS3C or E3C boards: Agprs interface (1+1) redundancy
4 DS1C or E1C boards: Gb interface Load sharing & Redundancy s/w (equiv. N+1 redundancy)
4 PCUSP-12 boards: (PCU Service Processor) 12 SPM per PCUSP (Signal Processing Module) (1+1) redundancy
: Boards indicated or fillers, depending on the PCUSN configuration.
Figure 2-1
PCUSN boards
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Architecture
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2.1.1
Control processor boards The CP board manages the PCUSN shelf. Two CP boards can be installed in a shelf, in slots 0 and 15. It manages and controls the whole PCUSN application, supporting both the system and network functions. Principally, this entails: executing software supporting FP boards and their services performing shelf management functions interfacing with a network management system performing data storage performing real-time clock function
2.1.1.1
Execution of software
The CP board executes the software which provides functions such as: controlling operation of software for delivering services downloading new software onto FP boards interface for operator commands provisioning supporting FP boards and their services:
2.1.1.2 Support of FP boards
The CP board supports the FP boards by: performing the complex memory-intensive tasks supporting services delivered by the FPs downloading new software onto the FP boards
2.1.1.3 Shelf management
The CP board performs the following shelf management functions for the PCUSN: managing and maintaining the health of the FP boards and the bus (as well as the rest of the Passport hardware) monitoring and alarm processing real-time clocking
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Architecture
2.1.1.4
Interface with a network management system (Preside MDM)
The CP board permits interfacing of the network management system (a workstation or a text interface device) for: network operator access provisioning network monitoring maintenance managing and maintaining the health of the backplane, the FP boards, and the rest of the shelf hardware If the CP board detects a fault, it generates an alarm so that the fault can be rectified by the operator or technician.
2.1.1.5 Data storage
The CP board hard disk stores PCUSN software, configuration data, and spooled information.
2.1.1.6 Real-time clock
The real-time clock maintains the current time of day. Backed up by a large capacitor, the real-time clock continues to function for at least 24 hours even if the power drops off.
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Architecture
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2.1.2
Function processor boards The FP boards perform the functional part of the software. They provide interface ports that physically connect network communications facilities and PCUSN switches. They switch data from external sources through the bus and out of the switch through other FP boards. FP boards have been specifically designed to accommodate high data throughput. Their computational resources support and execute only those real-time processes that are critical to rapidly delivering a service. These processes include: protocol handling call routing packet forwarding
2.1.2.1
Four-port DS1/E1 Channelized function processor boards
The four-port DS1 or E1 Channelized FP board provides communication services (such as frame relay) between the PCUSN and the SGSN. The Network Service and Gb interfaces are implemented on this FP board. A DS1C/E1C FP board: has four ports provides access to external or third-party network equipment and to DPN-100 operates frame relay services
up to 96 services for DS1C FP boards up to 124 services for E1C FP boards
supports load-sharing redundancy
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Architecture
2.1.2.2
Two-port DS3C AAL (32-port E1 AAL) and two-port E3C AAL (two-port DS3C AAL) function processor boards
The two-port DS3 Channelized AAL (32-port E1 AAL) and the two-port E3 Channelized AAL (two-port DS3C AAL) FP boards provide access to DS1/E1 links thanks to a gateway between a TDM network and an ATM network. They transport DS3 or E3 time-division-multiplexed constant-bit-rate data over an ATM backbone to the PCUSP board for PCU processing, and vice versa. A DS3/E3 Channelized AAL FP board: DS3C supports a total of 56 structured DS1 tributaries E3C supports a total of 32 structured E1 tributaries provides a gateway between a TDM network and an ATM network supports structured AAL service over the Passport backplane supports up to 128 AAL virtual channel connections towards the PCUSP boards (each of these virtual channel connection conveys a PCM link) supports one-for-one sparing
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Architecture
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2.1.2.3
PCU server processor board
The PCUSP board is a multi-purpose FP board for the data and signaling paths. It has both digital-signal processing capability and general-purpose processing capability. The PCUSP board uses two full-size Passport-type FP boards, which are referred to as the mother board and the daughter board. The two boards are joined physically to form one double-width board, which occupies two PCUSN board slots. Communication to the PCUSN shelf is only achieved through the mother board, the daughter board connection to the PCUSN is only for power. The mother board contains the physical structure of a conventional Passport-type FP, being composed of three physical components: the Switch Interface (SI) two Signal Processing Modules (SPM) the Processor Daughter Card (PDC) The daughter board contains ten additional SPM modules. A PCUSP board: provides the data processing functionality for 12 full DS1s or E1s of TDM traffic transports TDM data and signaling information using AAL1 transports packet data and signaling using AAL5 supports one-for-one redundancy
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Architecture
2.1.3
Termination panel shelf The termination panel can provide different functions, depending on the FP board that it supports. It can: provide a breakout (or fan out) for customer-equipment connections so that each port on an function processor has its own termination point and access provide media conversion provide sparing capability act as a concentrator, reducing the number of cables that are attached to the front of a switch determine the type of connection (DCE or DTE) depending on which connector is used
2.1.4
Internal interfaces Equipment can be connected to FP boards, either directly or through a termination panel. The termination panel is a cable distribution system that can reside in the cabinet or be mounted on another cabinet. The PCUSN contains two internal interfaces: the interface between the DS3C AAL FP board and the PCUSP of the PCUSP board the interface between the PCUSP board and the FP boards
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Architecture
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2.1.4.1
Traffic and signaling
The TDM data streams from the BSC are received via a DS3 Channelized AAL FP board. This FP board demultiplexes the DS3 and associated DS1 bit streams. Thus traffic and signaling information from the BSC is encapsulated into AAL1 frames and transmitted over ATM virtual channel connection to the PSUSP board. Each ATM virtual circuit connection carries the traffic from one DS1/E1. On the PCUSP board, the traffic and signaling are routed to the corresponding PCUSN (one DS1/E1 channel per SPM) on two separate streams: the signaling is processed by the Power Quick Processor the data is processed by the DSP Data packets are sent from the SPM back to the PCUSP board as AAL5 cells. The cell queue controller transforms them into specific Falcon frames and sends them over the PCUSN backplane to the DS1C/E1C AAL board. From the DS1C/E1C AAL board, the frames are sent over the frame relay interface to the SGSN. Traffic from the data network to the BSC takes the opposite route. The DS1C/E1C AAL board transforms the inputs from the data network to Falcon frames and sends them to the PCUSP board. On the PCUSP board, the cell queue controller transforms the falcon frames into AAL5 frames and routes them to the corresponding SPM. On the SPM, the signaling information is added and the TDM data stream is sent back to the PCUSP board. On the PCUSP board, the TDM data stream is encapsulated into AAL1 frames and sent to the DS3 Channelized AAL FP board over ATM virtual circuit connections. The DS3 Channelized AAL FP board sends the data to the BSC.
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Architecture
2.1.4.2
Backplane interface
The backplane is a printed circuit board which interconnects with the PCU shelf assemblies for integrated power and signal distribution. Up to 16 FP and CP boards can connect to the back panel, each through a 4 x 90 Norton connector. Two bus terminator boards, one at each end of the back panel, terminate the back panel traces, reducing signal ringing by eliminating signal reflection. This PCUSN bus is the bridge which allows data to be switched across different types of FP boards. The bus also allows FP boards and CP boards to communicate for implementing services, and it is used by FP boards to broadcast messages across the backplane to other processor boards. The PCUSN bus has a fully redundant, parallel bus structure. It consists of two synchronous 32-bit 25-MHz cell buses, operating in a load-sharing capacity, which can communicate with all the processors. Each bus operates at 800 Mbit/s for an aggregate speed of 1.6 Gbit/s. When both buses are active, traffic is distributed across both buses (dual- bus mode) ; should one bus fail, the other continues, although capacity is reduced to 800 Mbit/s (single-bus mode). Frames are converted into cells for bus transport, then reassembled into frames before leaving the PCUSN. This conversion process, which is transparent to the routing software, is handled exclusively by hardware (application-specific integrated circuits or ASICs). Cell-based traffic is transported over the bus in cell form. The bus handles both frame and cell traffic within the same architecture to efficiently handle mixed traffic (data, voice, video, and image) Maximum node throughput is a function of the bus performance. Bus performance is given below: raw bus capacity 1.6 Gbit/s node user data throughput, no faults, two buses running 1.5 Gbit/s node user data throughput, one bus failed 750 Mbit/s
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Standard 15.05/EN
Architecture
2-11
2.2
2.2.1
Functional architecture
Functional unit organization There are five types of boards in the PCUSN cabinet (see Figure 2-2): The CP board is the nodal manager. It controls the entire PCUSN cabinet and provides the interface with the OA&M unit. The four-port DS1/E1 Channelized FP board supports the Gb interface (or frame relay interface) with the SGSN. The network service functionality and Gb interface management is implemented on this board, complementing the PCU functionality. The two-port DS3/E3 Channelized AAL FP board supports the Agprs interface (or TDM interface) with the BSC. Its configuration is provided by the PCUSA. The PCUSP board has two boards:
The mother board hosts the PCUSA software that provides the OA&M
services to the PCUSN system. In addition, it configures the virtual connections between the DS3C AAL FP board, the SPM boards and the DS1C/E1C FP boards. It also routes traffic and signaling to and from the SPMs. functions (TS allocation, RLC/MAC, LLC Relay, BSSGP protocol, OAM,...).
The SPMs of the mother board and the daughter board host the PCU core
2-12
Architecture
OA&M I/F CP Nodal manager
Back panel
DS3 / E3 PCUSA
PCUSP PCUSA SPM
DS1 / E1C PCU NSE
Agprs I/F
Core PCU
Gb I/F
Figure 2-2
PCUSN hardware overview
The PCUSN functions are organized around two independent functional units (see Figure 2-3): the PCU (Packet Control Unit) the PCUSA (PCU Support Application) The PCUSN is a data switch providing the packet data control capability. The PCUSN can host several PCUs and PCUSAs. Furthermore, one PCUSA can manage more than one PCU.
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Architecture
2-13
PCUSN OA&M I/F PCUSA OA&M Interface Unit Platform Management Unit
PCU Radio Packet Processing Buffer Management Gb Termination
Agprs I/F
Gb I/F
Figure 2-3
PCUSN OA&M I/F
2-14
Architecture
2.2.2
Packet Control Unit (PCU) The PCU provides the packet control functions. The PCU functions are divided into three components (see Figure 2-4): Radio Packet Processing: it is the radio related synchronous component that deals with real-time constraints such as TRAU frames, and the radio protocol RLC/MAC. Buffer management: it is the packet buffering component that allows the interworking of the synchronous Radio Packet Processing component and the asynchronous Gb Termination component. Frame relay termination: it manages the asynchronous Gb interface with the data network and the LLC frames that are carried on it.
PCU
Radio Interface
Radio Packet Processing
Buffer Managt
Gb Term
Gb Interface
SGSN
Radio Part
Packet Part
Figure 2-4
PCU function unit
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Architecture
2-15
2.2.2.1
Radio Packet Processing
Radio Packet Processing is composed of the following: TDMA termination TRAU frames Radio Link Control (RLC) Media Access Control (MAC)
2.2.2.2 Buffer Management
The Buffer Management component provides the interworking functions between the synchronous Radio Packet Processing and the asynchronous Gb Termination component.
2.2.2.3 Gb termination
The Gb termination component deals with the lower layers of Gb termination and management, such as: management and termination of the Network Service (including the load sharing mechanism) management and termination of the frame relay Local Management Interface (LMI) management and termination of the physical layer management of the BSSGP protocol Frame relay can use an external frame relay network or a direct physical connection to the SGSN. Some options are also offered for the physical layer.
2-16
Architecture
2.2.3
PCU Support Application (PCUSA) The PCUSA components run on the PCUSP board. The PCUSA provides the PCU data path and the interface with the OA&M services, namely: It provides basic operation and administration for component management (software download, board configuration and supervision,...) It establishes communication paths with virtual circuits to transport signaling and traffic:
between the TDM board and the SPMs between the frame relay board and the SPMs
It provides a communication path and an interface for the SPM software to store data on the hard disk. It reports SPM hardware and software problems and generates alarms. It supports PCUSP board warm redundancy (automatic switch-over on fault detection without maintaining the signaling or data paths). It implements the interface protocol to the OA&M unit, such as the configuration of Network Service Element (NSE) and Gb Termination functionality The PCUSA manages all the PCM links on the PCUSP board. These PCMs can be terminated on different BSCs but all the PCM links of a BSC are managed by the same PCUSA.
2.3
Redundancy
The one-for-one and one-for-three sparing provide warm swap. The standby board resumes service after a short delay.
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Board description
3-1
BOARD DESCRIPTION
This chapter gives a description of the functional and physical aspects of the boards of the PCUSN. These boards are: the Control Processor (CP) boards the two-Port DS3/E3 Channelized (DS3C/E3C) TDM Function Processor (FP) boards the four-Port DS1C/E1 Channelized (DS1C/E1C) Function Processor (FP) boards the PCU Server Processor (PCUSP) boards
3-2
Board description
3.1
3.1.1
Control processor board

Functional description The CP board consists of: a processor module an interface module a disk drive The processor module connects the control processor board to the Passport backplane, providing an interface with the bus. It performs activities associated with bus and routing data through the switch. The interface module of the control processor board is the shelf manager that supports the following functions: disk interface stratum clock real-time clock shelf alarm circuitry V.24 DCE port providing Preside MDM connectivity OAM 10Base-T Ethernet port providing Preside MDM connectivity The hard disk drive of the control processor board stores Passport 7400 software, configuration data, and spooled information. The CP board line rate supports asynchronous data transfer at 9.6 kbit/s.
3.1.2
3.1.2.1
Physical description
Front panel
The front panel of the CP board has the following (see Figure 3-1): a V.24 DCE port a LED status indicator a 10Base-T Ethernet port RJ45 connector four LED status indicators for the Ethernet port two ejector latches two locking latches Ejector latches, at the top and bottom of the front panel of each control board, secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-3
3.1.2.2
Connectors
The V.24 DCE connector of the CP board is a 9-pin connector. Table 3-1 lists the connector pinouts for the control processor 10Base-T Ethernet port. Table 3-2 identifies the pinout and the signal names of the V.24 DCE connector.
Pin number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TX+ TX-Rx+ Not used Not used Rx Not used Not used Signal name
Table 3-1
Ethernet 10Base-T connector pinouts

RS-232-C pin numbers 15 2 3 20 7 8 4 5 17 ITU-T signal number 114 103 104 108 102 109 105 106 115 Direction on DCE port OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT N/A OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT
Pin number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
V.24 signal TSET TXD RXD DTR GND DCD (RSLD) RTS CTS (RFS) RSET
Table 3-2
V24 connector pinout and signal names
3-4
Board description
Ejector latch
9 6
V.24 DCE 9--pin D--type connector LED status indicator for Ethernet port (not used)
10Base--T Ethernet port RJ45 connector
LED status indicator
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-1
Control processor board
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-5
3.2
3.2.1
Four-port DS1C function processor board

Functional description The DS1C FP board has the following specifications: line rate: 1.544 Mbit/s port configuration: fractional link or clear channel (non-channelized) mode timeslots: 24 on each port clocking: local, line, or module Each port on a DS1C FP board divides bandwidth into a maximum of 24 channels, with each channel able to support a number of timeslots (56 or 64 kbit/s) within the following framework. The maximum number of timeslots available is 24. One channel can support all 24 timeslots (clear-channel mode), or fewer than 24 timeslots (fractional mode). One channel can also use the entire bandwidth (single-channel mode). 24 channels can each support 1 timeslot. Fewer than 24 channels can support any number of timeslots until all 24 timeslots are consumed.
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
Front panel
The front panel of the DS1C FP board has the following hardware (see Figure 3-2): a two-port 15-pin subminiature D-type C0 connector for port 0 and port 1 a two-port 15-pin subminiature D-type C1 connector for port 2 and port 3 a LED status indicator two ejector latches two locking latches Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
3-6
Board description
Ejector latch
15 9
C0
Ports 0 and 1 15--pin subminiature D--type connector
C1
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-2
Four-port DS1C function processor board
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-7
3.2.2.2
Termination panels
The four-port DS1C FP board uses the four-port DS1C 19-in. termination panel. This panel provides a breakout for customer equipment connections so that each DS1C port has its own termination point and access. It also supports one-for-one sparing.
3.2.2.3 Connectors
The C0 and C1 connectors of the DS1C FP board are 15-pin connectors. Table 3-3 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C0 connector. Table 3-4 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C1 connector. Each connector of the termination panel is a 15-pin connector. Figure 3-3 shows the pinout and signal names of the termination panel connectors.
Pin number 8 15 7 14 1 9 2 10 6 13 3 11 4 5 12 Signal name Port 0, Transmit + Port 0, Transmit Port 0, Receive + Port 0, Receive Port 1, Transmit + Port 1, Transmit Port 1, Receive + Port 1, Receive Protection Switch Register Bit 0 Protection Switch Register Bit 1 Protection Switch Register Bit 2 Protection Switch Register Bit 3 No connection Signal ground Frame ground
Table 3-3
Pinout and signal names of the C0 connector
3-8
Board description
Pin number 8 15 7 14 1 9 2 10 6 13 3 11 4 5 12
Signal name Port 2, Transmit + Port 2, Transmit Port 2, Receive + Port 2, Receive Port 3, Transmit + Port 3, Transmit Port 3, Receive + Port 3, Receive Protection Switch Load Protection Switch Status No connection Signal ground +12 V dc Signal ground Frame ground
Table 3-4
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-9
Pin 1 2 3 4 9 11
Name Receive + Frame Ground Transmit + Frame Ground Receive + Transmit + Tx To customer equipment Rx Pair Pair
Termination panel connector
15 14 13 12 11 10 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Figure 3-3
DS1C Termination panel pinout and signal names
3-10
Board description
3.3
3.3.1
Four-port E1C function processor board

Functional description The E1C FP board has the following specifications: line rate: 2.048 Mbit/s port configuration: fractional link or clear channel (non-channelized) mode timeslots: 32 on each port clocking: local, line, or module Each port on an E1C FP divides bandwidth into a maximum of 31 channels, (for data) with each channel able support a number of timeslots (56 or 64 kbit/s) within the following framework. The maximum number of timeslots available for data is 31. One channel can support all 31 timeslots (clear channel mode), or fewer than 31 timeslots (fractional mode). One channel can also use the entire bandwidth (single-channel mode). 31 channels can each support 1 timeslot. Fewer than 31 channels can support any number of timeslots until all 31 available timeslots are consumed. If channel-associated signalling (CAS) is chosen, only 30 channels are available.
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
Front panel
The front panel of the E1C FP board has the following (see Figure 3-4): a two-port 15-pin subminiature D-type C0 connector for port 0 and port 1 a two-port 15-pin subminiature D-type C1 connector for port 2 and port 3 a LED status indicator two ejector latches two locking latches Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-11
Ejector latch
15 9
C0
C1
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-4
Four-port E1C function processor board
3-12
Board description
3.3.2.2
Termination panels
The four-port E1C FP uses the four-port E1C 19-in. termination panel. This panel provides a break-out for customer equipment connections so that each E1C port has its own termination point and access. It also supports one-for-one sparing. There are two types of E1C 19-in. termination panel: the E1C balanced 19-in. termination panel with twisted-pair connections the E1C unbalanced 19-in. termination panel with coaxial connections
3.3.2.3 Connectors
The C0 and C1 connectors of the E1C FP board are 15-pin connectors. Table 3-5 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C0 connector. Table 3-6 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C1 connector. Each connector of the termination panel is a 15-pin connector. Figure 3-5 shows the pinout and the signal names of the termination panel connectors.
Pin number 8 15 7 14 1 9 2 10 6 13 3 11 4 5 12 Signal name Port 0, Transmit + Port 0, Transmit Port 0, Receive + Port 0, Receive Port 1, Transmit + Port 1, Transmit Port 1, Receive + Port 1, Receive Protection Switch Register Bit 0 Protection Switch Register Bit 1 Protection Switch Register Bit 2 Protection Switch Register Bit 3 No connection Signal ground Frame ground
Table 3-5
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-13
Pin number 8 15 7 14 1 9 2 10 6 13 3 11 4 5 12
Signal name Port 2, Transmit + Port 2, Transmit Port 2, Receive + Port 2, Receive Port 3, Transmit + Port 3, Transmit Port 3, Receive + Port 3, Receive Protection Switch Load Protection Switch Status No connection Signal ground +12 V dc Signal ground Frame ground
Table 3-6
3-14
Board description
Pin 1 2 3 4 9 11
Name Receive + Frame Ground Transmit + Frame Ground Receive + Transmit + Tx To customer equipment Rx Pair Pair
Termination panel connector
15 14 13 12 11 10 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Figure 3-5
E1C termination panel pinout and signal names
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-15
3.4
3.4.1
Two-port E3C AAL function processor board

Functional description The E3C AAL FP board has the following features: line rate: 2.048 Mbit/s port configuration: the ports on the E3C AAL FP boards are individually accessible and configurable. Each port supports one channel ; each channel can have 1 to 31 timeslots. Each timeslot represents a 64 kbit/s portion of bandwidth. clocking: The E3C AAL FP board supports E1 level clocking and synchronization. You can set the E1 clockingSource attribute to local or module. If a CP board clock is available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is module. If a CP board clock is not available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is local. The setting for the clockingSource attribute for all E1 components must be the same.
3.4.2
3.4.2.1
Front panel
The front panel of the E3C FP board has the following (see Figure 3-6): two monitor connectors (Monitor 1 and Monitor 0) a Port 1 receive coaxial cable connector (Rx) a Port 1 transmit coaxial cable connector (Tx) a Port 0 receive coaxial cable connector (Rx) a Port 0 transmit coaxial cable connector (Tx) a sparing control connector a LED status indicator two ejector latches two locking latches A small connector is available for one-for-one sparing capability. Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
3.4.2.2 Termination panel
The E3C AAL FP board uses the E3C AAL 19-in. termination panel. The termination panel supports one-for-one sparing.
3-16
Board description
Ejector latch
Monitor 1 Monitor 0
Receive (Rx) Port 1 Transmit (Tx)
Sparing control LED status indicator
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-6
E3C AAL function processor board
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-17
3.5
3.5.1
Two-port DS3C AAL function processor board

Functional description The DS3C AAL FP board has the following features: line rate: 44.736 Mbit/s port configuration: the ports on the DS3C AAL FP boards can be configured to operate in fractional mode. Fractional mode means that each port can support 1 to 28 channels. Each channel can have 1 to 24 timeslots. Each timeslot represents a 64 kbit/s portion of bandwidth. clocking: The DS3C AAL FP board supports both DS3 and DS1 level clocking and synchronization. The DS3 clockingSource attribute can be set to local or line. The attribute default setting is local. The DS1 clockingSource attribute can be set to local or module. If a CP board clock is available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is module. If a CP board clock is not available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is local. The setting for the clockingSource attribute for all DS1 components must be the same. This FP board works in conjunction with the PCUSP board to support Narrowband Services Trunk over ATM (NSTA).
3.5.2
3.5.2.1
Front panel
The front panel of the DS3C FP board has the following (see Figure 3-7): two monitor connectors (Monitor 1 and Monitor 0) a Port 1 receive coaxial cable connector (Rx) a Port 1 transmit coaxial cable connector (Tx) a Port 0 receive coaxial cable connector (Rx) a Port 0 transmit coaxial cable connector (Tx) a sparing control connector a LED status indicator two ejector latches two locking latches A small connector is available for one-for-one sparing capability. Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
3-18
Board description
Ejector latch
Monitor 1 Monitor 0
Sparing control LED status indicator
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-7
DS3C AAL function processor board
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Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-19
3.5.2.2
Termination panel
The DS3C AAL FP board uses the DS3C AAL 19-in. termination panel. You can connect customer equipment directly to the DS3C AAL FP board or to its termination panel. The termination panel supports one-for-one sparing.
3-20
Board description
3.6
3.6.1
PCU server processor

Functional description The PCUSP board is in charge of the radio-related synchronizing function that deals with real time constraints such as TRAU frames, and the radio protocol RLC/MAC which performs the followings operations: LLC layer PDU segmentation into RLC blocks for downlink transmission LLC layer PDU reassembly from RLC blocks for uplink transmission PDCH scheduling functions for uplink and downlink data transfer PDCH uplink ARQ functions, including RLC block acknowledge / negative acknowledge PDCH downlink ARQ functions, including buffering and retransmission of RLC blocks channel access control functions, for example access requests and grants The PCUSP boards host 12 Signal Processing Modules (two on the mother board and ten on the daughter board). Each SPM has to handle GPRS timeslots: it provides processing for up to 30 full DS1s (120 radio GPRS timeslots using CS1/2).
3.6.2
3.6.2.1
Front panel
The PCUSP board uses two full-size Passport-type FP boards, referred to as the mother board and the daughter board. The front panel of the PCUSP board has the following (see Figure 3-8): a LED status indicator two ejector latches two locking latches Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure it in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Board description
3-21
Ejector latch
Locking latch
Ejector latch
Figure 3-8
PCU server processor board
3-22
Board description
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
Software description
4-1
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Software structure
Figure 4-1 shows the software architecture of the Packet Control Unit (PCU).
CORE PCU SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE PCU APPLICATION
RADIO ALLOCATOR
PCU element
SAFE MEMORY ALLOCATOR
DISPATCHERS tdm, packet, host I/F, lapd L3 TDMA
CELL
MS
SCHEDULER
DPRAM Driver / LAPD Interface Manager
FSM / Misc services
Figure 4-1
Core PCU software architecture
TRACE / DEBUG SERVICES
4-2
4.1.1
Packet Control Unit (PCU) The PCU provides the packet control unit functionality. The PCU consists of the following objects: PCU Element Cell MS Allocator NSE (Network Service Element)
4.1.2
PCU Element The PCU Element object is responsible for: configuring the Gb interface part of the PCU LAPD interface management BVCI 0 management defence management display and counters management packet paging management providing an interface (communication link) to the external objects.
4.1.3
Cell The Cell object is used to perform the following (operations): to manage the OML messages that are related to one radio cell, such as Cell configuration and de-configuration messages to manage RSL messages such as Cell availability messages to manage the TDMA-related OML and RSL message to create MS objects for the data transfer, when receiving a new LLC frame, a new channel request or a suspend request from the BSS. to manage the radio configuration coming from the OMC (via the BSC) to manage the BVC RESET, BLOCK and UNBLOCK procedures on the Gb interface to manage the BVC flow control procedures to manage the display and counters related to cell, TDMA and BVC to configure the TDMA, the TS and the Blocks
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
4-3
Cell manages the Common Channels, as follows: to ask for and get one Block from the Cell and MS sends the immediate assignment message to the BTS on the GSL, upon receipt of the channel request message from a mobile on the GSL. to forward the paging request message to the BTS on the GSL, after receiving the message from the SGSN. 4.1.4 MS MS is a dynamic object that is created by the Cell, when: a channel request message is received from the mobile, for uplink transfer, or an LLC frame is received from the SGSN, for downlink transfer. MS is destroyed at the end of the data transfer. MS hosts the LLC frames, which are currently transmitted on the radio interface in an uplink and downlink Temporary Block Flows. The MS manages: the sending of the immediate assignment message to the mobile for downlink transfer establishment, when the SGSN wants to establish a downlink transfer with an MS, which is in ready state (i.e. mobility management state). the creation of uplink and/or downlink TBF (that is to say, the context associated with half duplex or full duplex transfer) the establishment of the path between PDCH, and PACCH or PDTCH the segmentation and re-assembly of LLC frames into RLC blocks the uplink ARQ functions, including RLC block ACK and NACK the downlink ARQ functions, including buffering and re-transmission of RLC blocks the radio channel management function (such as MS power control) the MS flow control on the Gb interface the change of Radio access capabilities of the MS the MS mobility management Note: In the first release of the General Packet Radio Services (GPRS ), only Uplink Open Loop Power Control is performed. the CSN1 coding and decoding
4-4
4.1.4.1
Dynamic Allocation
The implementation of the Dynamic Allocation feature in 15.0 provides the following functions: multiplexing of EGPRS/GPRS mobiles is performed in the same cell equipped with at least one Full EDGE Capacity TDMA.
Use the EdgeMixity parameter to allocate the GPRS or EGPRS MS.
mobiles are allocated based on the Allocator algorithm, which counts the number of 8-PSK blocks successfully sent on a Time Slot, and compares the values with 18. That is, there is one block every 20ms - > 18 blocks in 360ms.
Use the Full EDGE Capacity parameter to allocate the GPRS or EGPRS MS.
4.1.4.2 Uplink and Downlink
Each time the PCU sends a downlink block on the TS, and if at least one GPRS MS is allocated on that TS (on uplink or downlink), the counter is incremented and tested, according to the following criteria: Note: 8PSK means 8-Phase Shift Keying NbBlocks_8PSK = NbBlocks_8PSK + 1
if NbBlocks_8PSK < 18, the downlink block is sent without any constraints
(Case: Gmsk_or_8Psk). Gmsk_only).
if NbBlocks_8PSK > 18, only a GMSK downlink block is sent (Case: if the selected MS supplies a GMSK block, the counter is reset:
NbBlocks_8PSK = 0.
4.1.5
GPRS Sleepy cells Step 1: Automatic Detection and Recovery Up to V14 BSS version, some configuration problems or sub-system component failures may lead to what we call GPRS sleepy cells. That is a cell on which GPRS is not operational but this state is not clearly stated to the operator. The purpose of this feature is to try an automatic recovery when the PCU detects a problem that may be solved by a cell GPRS reconfiguration. This recovery is performed through a cell GPRS reconfiguration.
4.1.5.1
Principles
This feature modifies the BSS defense mechanism when the PCU detects a problem that may be solved by a cell GPRS reconfiguration. The problem detected by the PCU can be:
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
Standard 15.05/EN
4-5
BTS is not responding to CELL_GPRS_OPEN SGSN is not responding to BSSGP protocol message and BSSGP parapet KO Cell unsynchronized on AGprs interface Pdch Assign Param procedure failure Incomplete config received from BSC This defense is based on a message to the operator and a reconfiguration of the faulty entity in order to recover as soon as possible the GPRS service.
4.1.5.2 Gprs service status at cell level
When the PCU detects a problem that may be solved by a cell GPRS reconfiguration, it sends a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC, with status set to out of service and status level set to cell. The cause value depends on the problem detected. On reception of this message, the BSC starts a cell disconfiguration procedure. The BSC emits a 1521 notification with the GPRS_service_status cause in the BSC part of the data zone. At the end of the disconfiguration, a cell reconfiguration is started. If this reconfiguration fails, nothing more is done. If the PCU sends again a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC with the same cause, it will be treated by the BSC and a cell disconfiguration/reconfiguration done again.
4.1.5.3 Incomplete configuration from BSC
When the PCU does not receive a complete configuration from the BSC (no cell_available received 1,5 hour after the beginning of the configuration), the PCU sends a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC with a cause set to incomplete config from BSC.
4.1.5.4 BSS version interworking
Two specific values are used in the feature bitmap element between BSC and PCU allowing PCU and BSC from different versions to interwork. However, it is recommended to limit the time when PCU and BSC are not in the same version as sleepy cells are better managed in this version. For light sleepy cells monitoring step 1 If the feature is enabled in the PCU, but disabled on the BSC: The GPRS service status message with GPRS service level equal to PCU can be used (for NMO1 purpose), but GPRS service level equal to Cell as described in this document shall not be used.
4-6
If the feature is disabled in the PCU and enabled on the BSC: The BSC will not receive GPRS_service_status, so no behavior difference. The feature bitmap element is present only in the PCU_CONFIG_REQUEST(_ACK) and PCU_MODIFY_REQUEST(_ACK) messages. As PCU_MODIFY_xxx messages are not yet supported, a restart of the PCU is necessary when introducing this feature.
4.1.6
Dynamic Agprs & EDGE: Joker handling algorithm In V14.2, the Dynamic Agprs feature has been introduced to save PCM usage between BSC and PCUSN. For EDGE, the Agprs is evolving with the introduction of the Joker principle. New mechanisms are introduced in order to optimize Agprs PCM usage taking into account Jokers introduction. For that purpose, a new TDMA parameter is introduced: JokerperMainTarget. This parameter provides the target number of Jokers TS for each main TS. It is used on the BSC side during Agprs configuration and compression. It is used on the PCU side during the Dynamic Agprs mechanism. When the parameter is modified, no immediate action is taken by BSC or PCU. It will be used by BSC or PCU at the next Agprs circuit connection modification (Main or Joker).
4.1.6.1
Joker / Main Section
When 2 cells have been selected as the most loaded and less loaded cells, the PCU selects whether a main channel or a joker channel needs to be moved from the less to the most loaded cell. The objective of the PCU algorithm is to have JokerperMainTarget Jokers per Main channel in an EDGE TDMA. The algorithm is divided into 2 parts: 1. a joker/main is selected 2. the cell is re-selected for the next Dynamic Agprs procedure or not Note: If the most and the less loaded cell is the same, no action is performed, the most and less loaded cells are then selected. Note: When the cell is set as the most or less loaded cell several times in a row, the load criterion is no longer computed. Thus, the counters pcuDyAgprsLoadCriterionCum & pcuDyAgprsLoadCriterionNbs are not updated.
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4-7
4.1.7
Network Service Element (NSE) The Gb interface link layer is based on Frame Relay. Frame Relay permanent virtual circuits are established between the SGSN and the BSS. LLC PDUs from many users, which belong to the same BVCI, are multiplexed on these virtual circuits. The virtual circuits may be multi-hop and traverse a network of Frame Relay switching nodes. Frame Relay is used for both signaling and data transmission. The NSE object implements the Network Service functionality on Frame Relay, and uses Frame Relay PVCs One or more Frame Relay PVCs are used between one SGSN and one BSS to transport BSSGP PDUs. A load sharing mechanism is implemented in the NSE object to perform the mapping of uplink BSSGP PDUs into the right DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier). It routes the BSSGP PDUs to the right BVC object in downlink.
4-8
4.2
4.2.1
Software distribution to hardware units

Packet Control Unit (PCU)
Mgt unit i/f
Control processor Backplane
Network service element & frame relay
DS3/E3 board (DS3/E3) MUX
PCUSP SPM SPM SPM
FR board
Gb toward SGSN
Agprs PCM (DS1/E1)
PCUSA
Core PCU
Figure 4-2
PCUSN software mapping
The PCUSN contains the following objects: The core PCU is comprised of the following software objects: PCU Element, cell, MS, and allocator, all located on the SPM card. NSE located on the FR card PCUSA located on DS3/E3 cards, PCUSP, and on CP
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4-9
TDM Termination Unit (TTU) Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit (LMSSU) Packet Switch (PS) ATM/Frame relay Assembl /Disassembly Unit (AFADU)
4.2.1.1 New software elements
The following new PCUSA software elements are created to manage the PCU element allocation feature: the PCU Element Manager (PEM) that is running on the CP. the PCU Element Manager agent that is running on the PCUSP.
4.2.1.2 PCU element allocation
This feature involves the following: The allocation is made by the PEM that is running on the CP software, and the PEM Agent running on the PCUSP, instead of being allocated by the PCUSA software residing on the PCUSP. Alternately, the CP card chooses a free SPM on both PCUSPs. Note that this mechanism causes the BSC to be managed on 2 PCUSPs, even if they are connected to less than 12 Agprs PCMs.
4.2.1.3 TDM Termination Unit
The TDM Termination Unit (TTU) object represents the entity on the DS3 or E3 board whose responsibility is to terminate the E3 channels, convert them into ATM AAL1 format and send the AAL1 messages to the PCU Server Processor board through the backplane. TTU is also responsible for receiving the AAL1 messages from the PCU Server Processor board, converting them into TDM and sending them through its DS3 or E3 ports. TTU is mapped to the Switch Interface (SI) and Line Interface (LI) components of the DS3 or E3 board. Please refer to 1 in Figure 4-1.
4.2.1.4 Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit
The Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit (LMSSU) object represents the entity on the PCUSP card that has the following responsibility: Receiving and sending AAL1 messages from / to the DS3 (or E3) card. Converting AAL1 messages into TDM and vice versa. Routing the DS0 channels that correspond to one single DS1 (or E1), to a single SPM.
4-10
Separating signaling (LAP-D) and data traffic, and sending them to different ports of one single SPM. Multiplexing the TDM channels from all SPMs into one TDM stream. LMSSU is mapped to SI, AAE Device and TDM Mux FPGA on the PCU Server Processor board. Please refer to 2 on Figure 4-3.
4.2.1.5 Packet Switch
The Packet Switch object represents the entity whose role is to route ATM cells from one SPM to another and to route ATM cells between each of the SPMs and the AFRADU object. Packet Switch is mapped onto the Packet Switch FPGA, which is on the PCUSP card. Please refer to 3 on Figure 4-3.
4.2.1.6 ATM / Frame relay Assembly / Disassembly Unit
ATM / Frame relay Assembly Disassembly Unit represents the entity that is responsible for converting ATM AAL5 messages into Falcon frames (which is the backplane format), and vice versa. AFDU is mapped onto the Cell Queue Controller (CQC) in the SI, AAL 2/5 FPGA, and Header Translator FPGA, which are all on the PCUSP board. Please refer to 4 in Figure 4-3.
PE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--091
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4-11
Backplane
CQC
1 SI CQC
CQC
CQC
PCUSP ATM FP
SI
2 AAE Device
PDC
SI 4 AAL2/5 FPGA PDC Header Translator FPGA Packet Switch FPGA
AAE Device 1960 TDM Mux FPGA LI 1 2 TDM Mux FPGA PCUSA
NSE 1960 LI
Agprs i/f BSC/Mux DS3 TDM FP PDC 1960
TDM TDM PacketHost i/f LAPD Data DSP
TDM TDM PacketHost i/f LAPD Data DSP
DPRAM
Serial Comms
DPRAM
Serial Comms
Gb interface SGSN
MPC860 Boot & Appl. Flash DRAM
MPC860 Boot & Appl. Flash DRAM DS1C FR FP
SPM1
SPM12
Figure 4-3
Hardware view of the mapped PCU
4-12
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Dimensioning rules
5-1
DIMENSIONING RULES
For information on the dimensioning with BSC e3 cabinet and TCU e3 cabinet, refer to NTP < 138 >.
5-2
Dimensioning rules
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PCUSN Preventive maintenance
6-1
PCUSN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

6.1 Summary
This chapter describes the routine maintenance checks of the V14/V15 PCUSN as well as the MUX fault checking. It tells how to perform Daily, Weekly, and Monthly checks. Items to check SPM status Standby Card status CP card sync status OAM synchronization PCUSN CP Card Cleaning Nms User Right checking Passport Bus status and test Redundant CP/E3C/PCUSP Card Switchover PCUSN / MUX Visual LED Check (on site) PCUSN View Backup When to perform Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Monthly Monthly If a degraded function is noticed in upgrade Monthly if the CAS command result shows an issue If a degraded functionality is noticed Monthly Where discussed 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 - 6.3.4 6.3.5 - 6.3.8 6.3.9 6.3.10
The following GPRS monitoring is also recommended: Items to check PCUSN fault / Alarms BVC, Cell status GPRS TS status Nsvc status When to perform Daily Daily Daily Daily Where discussed 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4
For further information, see the general passport commands and hardware information found in NTPs 241-5701-050 241-5701-520 241-7401-215 Passport 7400, 15000, 20000 Commands Passport 74000, 15000, 20000 Troubleshooting Guide Passport 7400 Hardware Maintenance Guide
6-2
6.2
6.2.1
Weekly Maintenance
SPM Operation Status Check 1. Display all the spm of the PCUSP and check that they are enabled and active. Use the command: d lp/* pcusp pm/* WARNING: IF YOU HAVE A PCUSN 24(2 ACTIVE+ 2STANDBY PCUSP) YOU SHOULD SEE A SECOND LP APPEARING (LP/13) WITH ANOTHER 12 MORE PMODULE. IF YOU DONT SEE THEM THEN YOUR PCUSN ISNT CORRECTLY PROVISIONED FOR PCUSN 24. CONTACT YOUR TAS. 2. Display all the spm which are linked to an active Agprs. Verify that they are enabled. Use the command: d pcusa/* conn/* pcmlk/*
6.2.2
Standby cards status For each lp (Lp/0, Lp/1, Lp/5 (and Lp/8 for PCUSN24 as well), check you have either mainCardStatus and SpareCardStatus either active or available. Use the command: d lp/*
6.2.3
Check CP Sync- Status For each PCUSN, check the SyncStatus is synchronized with the CP spare card, and syncProgress is equal to 100%. Use the command: d fs
6.2.4
Check PCUSN time For each PCUSN, check the time of the PCUSN is synchronized with the time of the PCUOAM workstation. This is OAM time synchronization and not the system clock synchronization. Use the command: d time
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6-3
6.3
6.3.1
Monthly Maintenance
PCUSN CP Card Cleaning Check the disk usage of file system. If it is over 70%, it will be necessary to clean up the PCUSN CP card, and delete all the useless view & software files.: 1. Check the file system disk usage. Use the command: d fs 2. Remove the useless view files. a. Choose and clean the old views. Use the command : d pr view/* b. List all the view that can be deleted. Use the command: tidy - remove(view_name) pr 3. Remove the useless software files a. List the software that can be deleted. Use the command: tidy -q sw b. Choose and clean the old module. Use the command: remove sw av/software_module (ex: wirelessPcu_CA0335AE)
6.3.2
NMSUSER Rights checking Check the rights of the nmsuser. Use the command: d - p ac userid/NMSUSER
6.3.3
PASSPORT BUS status 1. Check the two PCUSN passport bus are active and enabled. If not, please contact the TAS team. 2. Check also the bus on each card. Use the command: d sh ca/* bus/*
6.3.4
Bus test 1. Before doing a bus test you need to lock the bus you are going to check. The default time of this test is 2 minutes, but you will need to set it to 5 minutes.
6-4
Use the commands: lock sh bus/x and set sh bus/x test duration 5 2. Start the test. Use the command: start sh bus/x test 3. Wait until the console displays: Shelf Bus/x Test Test stopped Note: On the console you get some alarms about the bus. This is normal. 4. Check the bus test results. Use the command: d sh bus/x test Results: In the SelfTestResults you should get a + for each card. In clockSourceTestResults you should get a + for each card. In the BroadcastTestResults you should get a + between each card. In the PingTestResults you shouldnt have any failure. If one of these conditions isnt satisfied please contact TAS 5. Unlock the bus that was tested. Use the command: Unlock sh bus/x (Repeat the operation for any other bus.) 6.3.5 Redundant CP/E3C (DS3)/PCUSP Card Switchover
CAUTION Service Impacting Operation For E3C and PCUSP, this is GPRS service impacting, and MUST be performed during the maintenance window. Perform a switchover on each of the redundant cards. Check the physical card location of the CP, PCUSP and E3C cards with the command: d - p lp/* Note: This reports provisional attributes. It doesnt mean that the main card is the active one.
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6-5
6.3.6
Check of CP redundancy (No GPRS service impact) 1. Check the current active CP card and display the its status. Use the command: d lp/0 2. Reset the current passive card CP card. Use the command: reset sh ca/# ( where # is the passive card number) 3. Check that all new alarms are cleared. 4. Check the status of the boards. Use the command: d lp/0 5. Do a CP switchover. Use the command: switchover lp/0 6. After switchover, check the status of the new active CP card. Use the command: d lp/0
6.3.7
Check of PCUSP redundancy 1. Check the current active PCUSP card and display its status. Use the command: d lp/1 2. Reset the current passive PCUSP card (e.g. if the activeCard = Shelf Card/13 the passive is shelf Card/1). Use the command: reset sh ca/1 3. Check that the alarm is cleared. 4. After the reset , check the status of the PCUSP card. Use the command: d lp/1 5. Switchover the PCUSP board. Use the command: switchover lp/1
CAUTION Service Impacting Operation
6-6
Note: Repeat these steps for the other PCUSP board of the PCUSN 24
6.3.8
Check of E3C redundancy 1. Check the current active E3C card and display the its status. Use the command: d lp/5 2. Reset the current passive E3C card (e.g. if the activeCard = Shelf Card/10 the passive card is Shelf Card/5). Use the command: reset sh ca/5 3. Check the status of the E3C card. Use the command: d lp/5 4. Switchover the E3C board. Use the command: switchover lp/5 CAUTION Service Impacting Operation
5. After switchover, check the status of the new active E3C card. Use the command: d lp/5
6.3.9
PCUSN / MUX Visual Check Perform an on-site visual check on each PCUSN by looking at the front panel. In normal situations, the LEDs on all boards should be green. Make sure that no board has an orange LED. Perform a visual check on the front panel of the MUX. Make sure that the two power green LEDs (one for power A and one for power B) are ON. Also, for each PCM link that is correctly connected, the red LED should be OFF
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6-7
6.4
6.4.1
Daily Maintenance
PCUSN Faults / Alarms Check From the OMC-R MMI check that: - Each PCUSN object is unlocked and enabled. If an alarm is seen, check the occurrence time and cause. - Each pcuBSCInterface is unlocked and enabled If an alarm is seen, check the occurrence time and cause. - Each AgprsPcmLink object is unlocked and enabled If an alarm is seen, check the occurrence time and cause For the BSC GPRS related notifications, analyze the faults with the information from BSS NTP PE/DCL/DD/0106 Chapter 14. Pay particular attention to: Fault number 1520 - GPRS service availability Fault number 1521 - Cell not available for GPRS service Fault number 1522 - Compression on GPRS cells Fault number 1523 - Audit of GPRS not able to do GPRS Fault number 31900 - Anomaly detected on PCU component Fault number 31902 - Anomaly detected on NMS component
6.4.2
BVC, Cell Consistency Check For each inService cell, verify that a corresponding BVC is unblocked. To match the cell and its BVC, match the corresponding cellId and cell values . Either the CAS commands or the GprsDynamicQuerry can be used for this. If there are some cells which are not in Service or not configured (and dont have a valid reason for being that way), youll need to contact the local support team.
6-8
6.4.3
GPRS Timeslot Check Perform a display on each PCUSN and check all GPRS timeslots. They should be cfgTs and in synch state. Display all faults on the PcuBscInterface. The screen will display Fn 1523, which is an audit on all the configurable GPRS cells and TS. If the Number of TS requested by the O&M is not equal to the Number of TS available, then youll have to check for Fn 1522. The mismatch can be explained by compression. If the number of cfgTs is not equal to the Number of TS requested by the O&M, then GSM preemption is a possible cause. Note: The corresponding GPRS TS is not visible at the PCUSN in the case of GSM preemption. The number of TS per cell has to be at least equal to the MinTSGPRS cell parameter value. (OMC-R parameter)
If it is necessary to check that each TS is synch state. use the command: d - o pcusa/* conn/* pcmlk/(totbvc != 0) cgi/* tdma/* ts/(state != syn) Note: The lack of results means that all the configured TS are synchronized. 6.4.4 NSVC state Check Check that the nsvc are unblocked. Use the command: d Pcgtl/* nse/* nsvc/*
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Wireless Service Provider Solutions PCUSN Reference Manual

Copyright 1999-2004 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel Networks. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only. You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in any form without prior written consent of Nortel Networks. The following are trademarks of Nortel Networks: *NORTEL NETWORKS, the NORTEL NETWORKS corporate logo, the NORTEL Globemark, UNIFIED NETWORKS, BSC6000, S2000, S4000, S8000. GSM is a trademark of France Telecom. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Publication Reference PE/DCL/DD/0091 411-9001-091 15.05/EN September 2004 Originated in France For more information, please contact: For all countries, except USA: Documentation Department Parc dactivit de Magny-Chateaufort CHATEAUFORT 78928 YVELINES CEDEX 9 FRANCE Email : umts-gsm.ntp@nortelnetworks.com Fax : (33) (1) 39-44-50-29 In the USA: 2221 Lakeside Boulevard Richardson TX 75082 USA Tel: 1-800-4 NORTEL 1-800-466-7838 or (972) 684-5935 And simply provide the following phone number: 1.877.662.5669 Option 4 or 615.432.4848
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Wireless Service Provider Solutions

PCUSN Reference Manual

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

: PCUSN Reference Manual

Wireless Service Provider Solutions

PCUSN Reference Manual

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved Originated in France

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

Nortel Networks Confidential

System release : GSM/BSS V14.3

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

PCUSN Reference Manual

Nortel Networks Confidential

September 2004 Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

Nortel Networks Confidential

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

PCUSN Reference Manual

Nortel Networks Confidential

September 2004 Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

Nortel Networks Confidential

About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cabinet shelf layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4

Functional architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 2.2.2

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PCUSN Reference Manual

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2.2.3 PCU Support Application (PCUSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dimensioning rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCUSN Preventive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Nortel Networks Confidential

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

PCUSN Reference Manual

Nortel Networks Confidential

September 2004 Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

Nortel Networks Confidential

1--27 3--3 3--3 3--7 3--8 3--12 3--13

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Nortel Networks Confidential

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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Nortel Networks Confidential

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ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

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PCUSN Reference Manual

About this document

Nortel Networks Confidential

How this document is organized

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PCUSN Reference Manual

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BSS GSM/GPRS BTS

OTHER BSSs GSM/GPRS

DATA PSTN (Internet, X.25)

Location of the PCUSN in the BSS network

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Nortel Networks Confidential

PCUSN physical characteristics

Passport 7K/8K cabinet

Copyright 1999--2004 Nortel Networks