Professional Documents
Culture Documents
views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
REALITIES OF ASIA
Cyclones
Floods
Earthquakes
Drought
percent of those killed in the 1991 cyclone in Bangladesh 80 percent of those killed in the 2004 tsunami were women and girls.
Gender
differences in disasters often linked to economic and social conditions pre-crisis In armed conflict, sexual violence has been used as a strategic weapon of war.
Disaster situations (natural or conflict related) exacerbate existing vulnerability of women and girls to various forms of exploitation and abuse. Humanitarian response is time bound and reactionary. and post conflict situations can serve as a rare entry point for gender mainstreaming.
Disasters
SCALE OF CRISIS No. of affected: 18 million No. of affected women and children: 1.4 million No. of health facilities damaged: 236 (200 estimated destroyed) No. of homes damaged or destroyed: 1.9 million No. of affected needing immediate humanitarian assistance: 8 million
Sexual Violence
Psychological and emotional abuse Forced early marriage Sexual harassment in camps Gender discrimination in aid
distribution
CHALLENGES
Gender based violence considered a private matter
ENTRY POINTS
Standardised data collection tools and mechanism
Capacity
Gender sensitisation of different sectors ( Water, Hygiene and Sanitation; Health; Education; Food Security; Camp Coordination and Camp Management) tools and Guidelines
Technical
+
1996
13,344 21
CHALLENGES
Poor gender indicators prior to the conflict Strong womens movement but low level of participation at all levels of decision making; tokenism Culture of silence and high level of stigma associated with gender based violence
ENTRY POINTS
10
ENTRY POINTS
WOMENS PARTICIPATION IN PEACE PROCESS
Before
11
2006
2008
New
National
CONCLUSION
Processes with long term impact:
Mindset
12
shift
Approach
to humanitarian response from advocacy to multi-sectoral response action Womens participation from tokenism to meaningful participation
+
Guidelines,
CONCLUSION
Tangible Results:
SOP, National Action Plan and tools for harmonization in development continuum settings Strengthened Capacity Foundation to build upon for future emergencies
13
Policy shift:
Mere humanitarian response to survivor centered humanitarian response Women as stakeholders in peace process