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Microbial resources

Mohamed Wahby PowerPoint presentation as a partial fulfilment for the course Env. 704 Pre. M.Sc. In environmental sciences Dec. 2012

Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 2

Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 3

Microorganisms
Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea or protists, but not viruses and prions, which are generally classified as non-living.

http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience /materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/m/microorganism.htm Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University

Microorganisms
Harmful or beneficial?

http://meadfamilydental.com/wphttp://www.interactive-biology.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/Photo-Mar-27content/uploads/2012/08/Probiotic12-45-02-AM.jpg Yogurt-862x1024.jpg Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 5

Microorganisms
Their role in nature: Carbon cycle

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Brock Biology of microorganisms 13th edition - Chapter 24 Faculty of science, Alexandria University 6

Microorganisms
Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle
http://www.eea.europa.e u/data-andmaps/figures/thenitrogen-cycle/trend102s-soer2010eps/TREND10-2Snitrogencycle.eps.75dpi.gif/image

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

Microorganisms
Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle

Brock Biology of microorganisms 13th edition - Chapter 24

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

Microorganisms
Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle

http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/120991179.png
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Microorganisms
Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle

Brock Biology of microorganisms 13th edition - Chapter 24

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Microorganisms
Bacteria

http://www.scilogs.com/import-data/images/11/bacteria.jpg
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Microorganisms
Why bacteria? Oldest on earth Nothing works without them Basic and most studied organism Everywhere
Mohamed Wahby Hussein

http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience /materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg
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Faculty of science, Alexandria University

Microorganisms
Why bacteria genetically? Simplicity and Polymerization rate

http://barleyworld.org/sites/default/files/figure-08-01_0.jpg Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Microorganisms
Why bacteria physiologically?

Primary metabolites Secondary metabolites


http://ebsbiowizard.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bacterial-growth-curve.png
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Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 15

Production of antibiotics
Are produced from actinomycetes Are naturals, semi-synthetics or synthetics Classified according to their mode of action

http://www.armradio.am/en/wphttp://muirbiology.files.wordpress.com/2012/1 content/uploads/2012/11/antibiotik.jpg 1/2012-11-01-14-41-22.jpg Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 16

Discovery
Sir Alexander Fleming (National Library of Medicine /Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Image taken from: Deadly diseases and epidemics, antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Patrick G. Guilfoile, Ph.D. FOUNDING EDITOR, The Late I. Edward Alcamo. Distinguished Teaching Professor of Microbiology, SUNY Farmingdale. FOREWORD BY David Heymann. World Health Organization. Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublication Data. ISBN: 978-0-7910-9188-3
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Photograph of the original culture plate of the fungus Penicillium notatum made by Sir Alexander Fleming (St. Marys Hospital Medical School/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Production of antibiotics
Principle: Substitutability test (in lab)
Bacterial susceptibility test. Practical section of course General bacteriology Mic.311. Department of Microbiology, faculty of science, Alexandria University. Semester Autumn 2010.
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Production of vinegar
Principle: Acetobacter

Okafor - Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology Chapter 14 Production of vinegar

http://www.foodsketches.com/_media/_suppliers/_pics/10.jpg
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Production of single cell protein


Dairy wastes: Whey
Okafor - Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology Chapter 15 Single cell protein
http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biot echnology_biology_chemistry/biotechnology/ microbial_biotechnology/single_cell_protein_s cp_and_mycoprotein/biotech_scp_production _of_yeast_biomass.php
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Production of E162

http://www.ajinomoto.com/amino/eng/img/1_5_image.gif
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Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 23

Microbial bio-control
Bacillus thuringiensis

http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cor nell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 25

Water borne diseases

http://www.righttoplay.com/International/news-and-media/PublishingImages/GOOD.png Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 26

Guidelines for drinkingwater quality - 4th edition WHO Chapter 7, Microbial aspects
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Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 28

Biodegradation of plastic

Ralstonia eutropha

http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/08/sodastreamcoca-cola-sustainable-packaging/
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http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Rals Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University tonia_eutropha

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Effect of genetically modified plants on soil microorganisms


Overall, the GM crops investigated so far seem to have little or no effect on soil microbial communities. The methods used, although suitable in different ways for the analysis of multiple sample numbers, were sensitive enough to detect changes due to environmental factors such as plant growth development, soil type, and year
From Mitchell and Dong environmental microbiology 2nd edition Chapter 10 - 2010 Wiley-Blackwell.

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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Biodegradation and phytoremediation

http://nac.unl.edu/bufferguidelines/guidelines /3_productive_soils/5.html http://newspaper.li/static/e9b7c973691655ac2 c84aecdae6a8dc5.jpg


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Contents
Introduction Microorganisms In industry Microbial insecticides (Biological control) Water borne pathogens in developing countries Biodegradation Genetic engineering associated questioning Climatic change effect on microorganisms
Mohamed Wahby Hussein Faculty of science, Alexandria University 33

The effect of climatic change on microorganisms

http://www.emlab.com/m/media/TempRanges_ER0807_Fig1.jpg
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In Egypt

http://www.narg.org.uk/images/egypt_satphoto_google.jpg
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Conclusion
Microorganisms are the main player in every process takes place on earth Microorganisms are an important (could be essential in some cases) source of food and products Every living being on earth is affected by climate change, even the unseen ones.

Mohamed Wahby Hussein

Faculty of science, Alexandria University

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References
Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu Environmental microbiology 2nd edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 Jacquelyn G. Black Microbiology, principles and explortaions 7th edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 Nduka Okafor Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology Science publisher, 2007 Brock Biology of microorganisms 13th edition - Pearson Education 2012, 2009, 2006 Promila Parihar Microbiology and immunology Swastik Publisher & distributors, 2009 Naill A. Logan Bacterial systematic - Wiley-Blackwell, 1994
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