Integrated Water

/Waste Water
System

Water and wastewater

Climate Adaptation National Research Flagship

Grace Tjandraatmadja
19 April 2009

Washing machine, shower and bathroom

consume 32% of water used in the home.
Background to CSIRO research Integration at household Toilets consume 27%.
Gardens typically 33%.
Other uses 8%
Rainwater
Roof Runoff

Greywater Garden
Bathroom

Laundry

Supply, reuse and

Technology
treatment Kitchen

Septic Tank
Leachfield
Centralised &
Toilet

decentralised service
integration and overflow
implications
Sewer
Modelling Stormwater
Infrastructure
 Sustainable use Greywater & Stormwater technologies
• Greywater • Stormwater
• Use less water:
• Water efficient appliances Greywater diverter Pontos treatment

• Low water use fittings

• Reuse:
• Greywater (bathroom and laundry wastewater, not toilet) can be
untreated used for irrigation in the garden
• Only store untreated for maximum of 24h.
• If treated can be used for toilet flushing/washing machine
• Reduce impact on environment
• use low phosphorus and low sodium detergents in laundry. Natural systems

(http://www.lanfaxlabs.com.au/laundry-detergents-brochure-2009.pdf)
• Treat wastewater before disposal

Aerated treatment sandfilter

Wastewater Technologies Considerations household level

• Wastewater
• On site management
• Water use reduction and/or on-site Infrastructure
treatment
Climate
• Off-site management
• Small package plants Topography
Retrofit vs new built (consider current /future retrofit, e.g. if
• Additional challenges
diverting greywater from bathroom)
• Pathogen concentrations
• Sludge removal or treatment Storage

• Cluster collection and treatment

Site restrictions
• Gravity, vacuum, low pressure (roof area, lot size, occupancy)
• Large range of technologies
Maintenance: your involvement
• Recycling – effluent quality
• Environment
• Dispersion
• Crop
 Reliability of Existing Water Supply System Township Scale Considerations
Rainwater Tank Performance
100%

Climate
90%
Topography
Site restrictions (lot size, occupancy, density)
Volumetric Reliability (%)

80%

Indoor Only Indoor & Garden Maintenance

70%
Legislation

60%
Environmental impact/benefits (protection, reuse)
Security of supply
50% Upgrade potential
Storage
40% Public Health
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tank Volume (kL)
Av. failure days= 49
Occupancy: 2.5 people

The Currumbin Ecovillage Kinglake

• Summary 54 ha
• Other tools
• 110 ha, 144 residential allotments
• Performance monitoring systems 66 properties
and Village Centre
for each household mandated by
• Wastewater - A combination of the body corporate
centralised and on-site systems 189 people
• An education centre has been
• Rainwater - household tank: built to provide continuing
22.5 to 44-45kL tanks (incl. 5kL 159 litres per capita per day
education in sustainable practices
firefighting).
• Landscaping: 80% of the site as
• Other features : body corporate, open-space
rainwater tanks, solar water
• List of potential suppliers of
system, 3A or 4A rated
technologies and services
appliances and the use of
supplied to all householders
recycled water
 Establishing options

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Nitrate (stormwater)
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Options, vary in cost, footprint, performance and complexity.

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Factors to consider when looking at integration Many options, solution unique for each community

• Include economic, environmental and social factors

• Occupancy and water use
• Climate
• Topography, soil
• Land use, lot size and density
• Other inter-relationships

•Trade-offs in design choices

Thank you
Phone: +61 3 9252 6564
Email: grace.tjandra@csiro.au
Web: www.csiro.au/org/ClimateAdaptationFlagship

Contact Us
Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176
Email: Enquiries@csiro.au Web: www.csiro.au