Autoimmune disease

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Autoimmune diseases
Classification and external resources D84.9, M35.9 ICD-10 279.4 ICD-9 109100 OMIM 28805 DiseasesDB 000816 MedlinePlus D001327 MeSH Autoimmune diseases arise from an inappropriate immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity). This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g. in autoimmune thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g. Goodpasture's disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and the kidney). The treatment of autoimmune diseases is typically with immunosuppression medication that decreases the immune response. A large number of autoimmune diseases are recognised.

Contents

1 Criteria 2 Classification 3 Development of therapies 4 See also 5 Further reading 6 References 7 External links

Criteria
For a disease to be regarded as an autoimmune disease it needs to answer to Witebsky's postulates (first formulated by Ernst Witebsky and colleagues in 1957 and modified in 1994):[1][2]

Direct evidence from transfer of pathogenic antibody or pathogenic T cells

Indirect evidence based on reproduction of the autoimmune disease in experimental animals Circumstantial evidence from clinical clues

Classification
It is possible to classify autoimmune diseases by corresponding type of hypersensitivity: type II, type III, or type IV. (No type of autoimmune disease mimics type I hypersensitivity.)[3] There is continuing debate about when a disease should be considered autoimmune, leading to different criteria such as Witebsky's postulates. This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. Hypersensitivity Accepted/ Name: Autoantibody Notes suspected I, II, III, IV Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Accepted[4] (ADEM) interferon omega; transglutaminase; aromatic acid Addison's disease carboxylase; GAD; HAI[disambiguation needed]; 17 hydroxylase; 21 hydroxylase IGHM; IGLL1: CD79A; Agammaglobulinemia CD79B; BLNK; LRRC8A [5][6] Alopecia areata Accepted T-cells VCP, ATXN2, Amyotrophic lateral OPTN, FIG4, sclerosis (Also Lou TARDBP, Gehrig's disease; Motor ANG, Neuron Disease) VAPB, FUS, SETX, ALS2, SOD1 CD8; HLAAnkylosing Spondylitis Suspected[7][8] B27

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Accepted[4]

anti-cardiolipin;anti pyruvate dehydrogenase; 2 glycoprotein I; phosphatidylserine; anti apoH; Annexin A5

HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3

Antisynthetase syndrome Atopic allergy Atopic dermatitis Autoimmune aplastic anemia

I I