COMPANHIA DE ELECTRICIDADE DE MACAU- CEM, S.A. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT Code of Practice No.

001 Civil Design and Construction of Customer Substation Version 1.0

1. Introduction This code of practice details the principles to be applied to the civil design and construction of customer substations only located at ground floor of the buildings.

2.

Objectives The objectives of this Code of Practice are to ensure that all customer substations provided by the customers are designed to the same standard, and fully comply with the requirements of the Companhia de Electricidade de Macau CEM, S.A. and Macau Rules or Legislation. The requirements in this Code of Practice are up to date at the time of issue but may be changed as new equipment is made available, new techniques developed or because of new requirements from CEM.

3.

Main Considerations Once the decision has been made to establish a customer substation, consideration should be given to the following points when designing the customer substation: 3.1. Customer substations shall be planned having in mind the future loading and development of the area. Many of the requirements are associated with the safety of the operational personnel, public and equipment. Always think SAFETY FIRST. Thus customer substations should be located only in ground floor. Prepare a preliminary supply proposal so that the number and type of equipment to be accommodated can be determined.

3.2.

3.3.

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3.4.

Obtain adequate drawings and information from the customer or architect for the design purpose: e.g. site plan, ground floor, upper floors & basement plan, structural plans etc.

4.

Design Criteria Customer substations should be designed and constructed to comply with the criteria listed in this section. Customer substations located at ground floor, and housing two transformers must be equipped with non-flammable equipment thus avoiding the installation of a fixed fire fighting installation. 4.1. General 4.1.1. Customer substations need to be located at the periphery of the building, being readily accessible from public road open air, to have fully and unrestrictedly use by CEM. Customer substations shall have proper access for the Companys personnel and equipment at all time. The access to the customer substation shall be of adequate height, width and of sufficient strength to withstand the combined weight of the transformer and the conveying vehicle. The access to the customer substation shall be at least 3m wide and 4m high and the area in front of the customer substation should have a minimum height of 4.5m for loading and unloading the equipment. The minimum clear headroom of the customer substation shall be 3m. The optimal location of the customers main switchroom should be immediately adjacent to the customer substation. In case the customers main switchroom can not be adjacent to the customer substation, the customers must construct a cable duct or cable tray running in public area inside the building to connect the customer substation and the customers main switchroom. The customer substation shall be of suitable waterproof construction to prevent water leakage into the customer substation. No water pipes, drainage pipes or any kind of customers installation shall be located in or pass through any part of the customer substation. No expansion joint shall be installed in any part of the customer substation.

4.1.2.

4.1.3.

4.1.4. 4.1.5.

4.1.6.

4.1.7.

4.1.8.

4.1.9.

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4.1.10. Adequate and permanent ventilation to open air, which is completely segregated from the main building, must be provided. Details refer to 4.7 Ventilation. 4.1.11. The level of the customer substation shall normally be 150mm higher than the outside (pavement, access road) level in order to minimize the risk of flooding the customer substation. But for high risk flooding area, the level of the customer substation shall go up to 500mm higher than the outside (pavement, access road) level. 4.1.12. The openings for cable inlet shall be properly sealed by the customer so as to prevent water ingress into the customer substation and be of two hours fire resistance period (FRP) construction. 4.1.13. Neither exceeded 3200KVA for total installation nor more than 2 transformers shall be accommodated within any one room or enclosure. 4.1.14. Typical customer substation layouts shall be used wherever possible. Drawings numbered C-057 to C-060 show typical layouts for housing 1 and 2 transformers together with the associated MV panels or Ring Main Unit for ground level customer substations. 4.1.15. Substation walls and the ceiling shall be cement and sand plastered and finished with one coat of liquid prepolymer sealing and three finishing coats of white color acrylic resin based coating in gloss finish. 4.1.16. The substation floor shall be cement and sand rendered with trowelled smooth finished and painted with one coat of polyurethane sealer and two coats of red color epoxy dust proof coating. 4.1.17. A DANGER notice together with the customer substation nameplate indicating the CEM logo, substation identification number and substation name supply by CEM are to be fixed to the customer substation door. 4.1.18. Adjacent and adjoining occupancies and hazards must be taken into account, particularly in respect of avoiding, as far as possible, wet environments above the customer substation water tanks, toilets and the like. 4.1.19. No storage of transformer or switchgear insulant is allowed in the transformer room or customers main switchroom.

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4.1.20. All external steelwork shall be stainless steel of the low carbon type AISI 316L (equivalent to BS 970-316 S12). Appendix C gives details. This specification to include doors, doors frames, louvers, rat guards, i.e. all steelwork exposed to open air. Welding for stainless steel should only by inert gas arc welding to BS7475. 4.1.21. Internal steelwork (air trunk, hangers, chequer plate etc.), except the stainless steel hanging rod for air duct, shall be hot dip galvanized to BS729. No welding and cutting would be allowed after the steelwork is being hot dig galvanized. 4.2. Layout 4.2.1. General 4.2.1.1. To avoid civil works in customer substations that are in services, the layout shall be so designed to be adequate for the lifetime of the customer substation. Access shall be provided for the erection and removal of equipment at all times. Adequate operating area must be provided for both MV and LV control equipment; a minimum of 1.2m shall be provided in front of the operation side of the equipment. Adequate working (jointing) area must be provided; normally 750mm clearance from the equipment must be allowed. The clearance between transformer and any MV panel / RMU shall be a minimum of 750mm. The clearance between transformer and any wall shall be not less than 600mm to ensure good circulation of cooling air around the transformer cooling panels/ fins. A low voltage cable trench shall be provided wherever possible. Where possible the air intake associated with the transformer should be positioned such that the wire mesh at the intake mouth can be cleaned with the transformer energized, without endangering the person carrying out the work. Proper and adequate ventilation must remain the objective and no design which short circuits the airflow can be considered.

4.2.1.2.

4.2.1.3.

4.2.1.4.

4.2.1.5.

4.2.1.6.

4.2.1.7.

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4.2.2.

MV Equipment (MV Panel or Ring Main Unit) 4.2.2.1. The space allocated for 11kV equipment shall normally be the total number of panels required for that particular project. The associated trench shall be designed for MV panels / Ring Main Unit compatible (RMU) as far as possible for single transformer installation. The separation between the rear of the 11kV equipment and the substation wall shall be a minimum of 200mm for RMU and 300mm for MV panels. A minimum clearance of 500mm shall be provided when the QGBT is placed beside the RMU.

4.2.2.2.

4.2.2.3.

4.2.3.

Q.G.B.T. 4.2.3.1. The Q.G.B.T. will be secured on the floor against the substation wall. A minimum distance of 200mm between the LV trench and the customer substation wall is required.

4.2.4.

Transformer 4.2.4.1. The space allocated for any transformer shall be capable of accommodating the largest size of transformer that is L=2500mm x W=1180mm x H=1980mm. The separation between the support for LV cable and the facing substation wall shall be a minimum of 800mm. The separation between the support for MV cable and the facing substation wall shall be a minimum of 700mm.

4.2.4.2.

4.2.4.3.

4.2.5.

Plant Dimension and Design Appendix A shows the plant dimensions for all types and rating of equipment used by CEM. The sizes used are based on the individual maximum dimensions obtained from different manufacturers.

4.3.

Foundations 4.3.1. The transformer foundation shall be capable of withstanding a load of 6000kg.

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4.3.2.

The dimensions for the transformer plinth would be 2.35m x 1.55m for customer substation housing one transformer (see drawings C-057 and C-058) and 2.55m x 1.45m for customer substation housing two transformers (see drawings C-059 and C-060) and leveled with finished floor level. The 11kV equipment foundations shall be capable of withstanding a Dead Load of 600 kg per RMU and 300 kg per panel and an Impulse Load of 750kg per RMU and 400 kg per panel. The floor surface shall be smoothed and leveled. The minimum dimensions for the 11kV equipment base shall be 675mm x 1375mm for type A RMU, 675mm x 1910mm for type B RMU, 750mm x 820mm for GBC-B panel and 375mm x 820mm for each IM or QM panel.

4.3.3.

4.3.4.

4.4.

Cable Trench 4.4.1. MV Cable Trenches 4.4.1.1. 4.4.1.2. 4.4.1.3. All MV cable trenches shall be 800mm deep, and 800mm wide for MV panels or ring main unit compatible, 450mm wide for 11kV cables from MV equipment to transformers; the final section leading to the transformer MV terminal can be 300mm wide.

4.4.2.

LV Cable Trenches

4.4.2.1. 4.4.2.2.

LV cable trenches shall be 1000mm wide x 800mm deep. Trench for LV single core cable from transformer to Q.G.B.T. shall be 800mm wide x 800mm deep. Trench for LV single core cables from transformer to customers main switchroom shall be 700mm wide x 800mm deep.

4.4.2.3.

4.4.3.

Trench Construction All trenches shall be covered with 5mm thick hot dip galvanized plates, constructed according to drawing No.E-105.

4.4.4.

Trench Outlet

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4.4.4.1. The connection between the cable trench and customer substation exterior are through PVC pipe. The invert level of the trench outlet to be 850mm minimum for MV cable trench and 650mm minimum for LV cable trenches below the pavement level. 4.4.4.2. 4.4.4.3. The trench outlet for MV cable has 3 x 150mm PVC pipes. The trench outlet for normal LV cable has 12 x 150mm PVC pipes. The trench outlet to the customers main switchroom have 6 x 150mm PVC pipe for each transformer. The minimum separation between each PVC pipes must be 30mm. All trench outlets must be properly sealed with sealant by the customer so as to prevent water ingress into the substation and be of two hours fire resistance period construction. The sealant uses to seal the trench outlets must be specified and approved by CEM. BASF STYRODUR 3035S + Sikafelx-PRO 2HP Concrete Grey or equivalent products can be used as sealant to prevent water ingress; ELKEMPockwool 200 + HILTI fire stop coating type CP671-C-6 + HILTI fire stop filler type CP671-F-6 or equivalent products can be used as fire resistance sealant.

4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.5.

4.4.4.6.

4.4.4.7.

4.5.

Earth System 4.5.1. TNC-S system is adopted for distribution system, It means the source earth (conductors for neutral) and the installation earth (conductors for protective function) combined in a single conductor in part of system and in other parts of system, separate the source earth and the installation earth. (see Appendix E). The resistance of the earth system for the customer substation must be 10 ohms and must be bonded to the building structure and building earth by 95mm2 copper cable. One test clamp or test link must be provided for measuring its value The lightning earth and the power system earth are erected separately and should keep separate throughout the service life.

4.5.2.

4.5.3.

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4.5.4.

Separate earth electrodes should be installed for each system, one for lightning earth and one for power system earth. Lightning earth of the building should below 10 ohms. The lighting earth and power system earth can bonded to make them common ONLY under one condition that the lighting earth resistance is less than the power earth resistance. In such case the designer (registered electrical engineer by government), should take the full responsibility for all systems. Simple multiple earth electrode arrangement is used as the earthing grid. The electrode earthing grid is arranged in the form of a ring path, so that should one earthing connector be inadvertently cut. A ring path of earthing grid should be adequate to withstand mechanical damage and corrosion. 95mm2 copper cable is commonly used as earthing conductor in the practice. The earth ring is terminated to the main earth bar that is supported on wall by means of porcelain insulators with warning label. The diameter of copper rod (earth electrode) is 15mm and its minimum length is 2 meters.

4.5.5.

4.5.6.

4.5.7.

4.5.8.

4.5.9.

4.5.10. At least three earthing pits (earth electrode) should be made for each customer substation. Earthing pit can be either exterior or interior or a combination of both in order to get the best earthing resistance value (see drawing No.G-038 and G-039). 4.5.11. The spacing between earth electrodes should not less than the length of the electrode under the soil in any circumstance and should always be the biggest possible. 4.5.12. The optimum resistance value for each earth electrode inside each earth pit is 10 ohms or below. A value > 10 ohms may be acceptable but never 20 ohms. The main earth bar of customer substation should also be 10 ohms below. Measurement condition is 10 days after dried weather conditions. 4.5.13. Earth electrodes must be installed in such a way that their resistance does not excess the required value above through climatic conditions such as the soil drying or freezing or from corrosion etc.. 4.5.14. The earth electrode in each earth pit should be connected to earthing conductor through copper clamp. The connection can be

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disconnected when test the earth electrode. earthing connection is necessary.

Warning notice for

4.5.15. Using chemicals like salt and other corrosive material to improve the earth resistance is forbidden. Salt, which can be drained away easily, would cause the earth resistance to rise latter. Corrosive chemical that corrodes the earth electrode would eventually reduce the reliability of the earth system and shorten the life of the earth system. 4.5.16. Earth System checking and measurement declaration must be signed by CEM Electrical Engineer and must be included in Transformer Room acceptance. 4.5.17. All exposed conductive parts must be bonded to the earth bar, equal potential bonding conductor shall have a cross-sectional area not less than 16 mm2. 4.5.18. Transformer neutral point should connected to main earth bar directly with copper bar and the distance should be as short as possible. 4.5.19. Every joint in the earth system of the customer substation must be properly done by using copper bolt / brass bolt / cadweld. 4.5.20. Only copper or better conductive material can be used for earth system. 4.6. Doors All customer substation doors shall open outwards into an unobstructed space with 110o swing and shall be of stainless steel construction. 4.6.1. Type of Door 4.6.1.1. Double leaf door shall normally be 1800mm wide x 2500mm high for transformer, MV equipment and Q.G.B.T. access. Drawing No. D-230. Single door 1000mm wide x 2170mm high shall be provided for personnel access when necessary. Drawing No. D-234 shows this type of door. The customers can have their own design and decoration on the door but must be approved by CEM.

4.6.1.2.

4.6.1.3.

4.6.2.

Lock

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4.6.2.1.

A customer substation will have only one designated personnel access door; this door will be locked by standard CEM padlock to avoid entrance of unauthorized personnel. Main double leaf transformer access doors will lock by top and bottom bolts from the inside.

4.6.2.2.

4.7.

Ventilation 4.7.1. Indoor substations housing transformers shall be sufficiently well ventilated with a permanent ventilation system to cope with the total heat dissipated at full load, with a margin to provide for cyclic overloads. The minimum height of the ventilation outlet to free air shall be 2.15m above ground level. Inlet louver area shall be a minimum of 0.72 sq. m for every transformer. Exhaust fan, metal trunk and outlet louver assembly shall normally be constructed according to drawing No. D-245. One exhaust fan and associated trunk shall be provided for each transformer. The standard exhaust fan shall be the 610 mm, 900 RPM type or one of approved equivalent performance as following:

4.7.2.

4.7.3.

4.7.4.

4.7.5.

4.7.6.

Fan dia. RPM (mm) 610 900

Volt Air Extraction Rate m3/hr 240 6100

Fan Static Pressure (0.1WG) 5800

Maximum Noise level 65dB

Note: CEM only accept the exhaust fan manufactured by RITA, WING TON and HITACHI. 4.7.7. The exhaust fan should be controlled by temperature monitoring devices to avoid unnecessary operations. The ventilation trunk shall be constructed with the minimum of bends and in such a way as to efficiently remove hot air from directly above each transformer.

4.7.8.

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4.7.9.

The inlet louvers and extraction trunking shall be so designed as to ensure the passage of cooling air through the transformer, and eliminate any possible short circuit of the airflow.

4.7.10. Indoor substation housing 11kV equipment only shall normally have ventilation louvers according to drawing No. D-242 but ventilation system shall be provided for a long and deep 11kV switchroom. 4.7.11. The noise level generated by the ventilation system shall comply with the requirement of the Noise Control Ordinance and in no case shall it exceed 10dB (A) above the average ambient noise level. 4.7.12. A hoisting hook/eye bolt to withstand 100kg shall be provided at the ceiling next to the removable panel of the air trunk in order to facilitate exhaust fan replacement. 4.8. Customers Main Switchroom The foundation level of the customers main switchroom must according to the requirement of CEM. Normally, the foundation level of the customers main switchroom is the same as the foundation level of the customer substation.

Provision and Installation of Customer Substation Buildings & Accessories. 4.9. Civil Work Construction. The customers are responsible to provide all the necessary material and the civil construction work of the customer substation. They also need to provide a one-year civil construction guarantee to CEM against any defect in the customer substation after they received the taking over certificate from CEM.

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Drawings List of drawings specified in this Code of Practice. Drawing No. Title TYPICAL AYOUT C-057/1 C-057/2 C-058/1 C-058/2 C-059/1 C-059/2 C-060/1 C-060/2 Typical Customer Substation Layout for Housing One Transformer and 11kV Ring Main Unit. Typical Customer Substation Layout for Housing One Transformer and 11kV MV. Panels. Typical Customer Substation Layout for Housing Two Transformers and 11kV Ring Main Unit. Typical Customer Substation Layout for Housing Two Transformers and 11kV MV. Panels. TRANSFORMER PLINTH D-117 D-119 Support for Transformer Type I Support for Transformer Type II SUBSTATION DOOR D-230 Typical Details of Double Leaf Stainless Steel Door. Typical Details of Single Stainless Steel Door VENTILATION D-242 D-244 D-245 Typical Details of Stainless Steel Louvre Metallic ventilator Air Duct Typical Details of Metal Trunking & Stainless Steel Louvre for 450mm Dia. Wall Mounted Exhaust Fan CABLE TRENCH 26 27 28 24 22 23 14-15 Page No.

16-17

18-19

20-21

D-234

25

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D-110 E-105 E-238 E-421 E-512 E-513

Metallic Cover and Cable Trench for Q.G.B.T. Steel Cover for Cable Trench and PVC Pipes. Cable Trench (MV. & LV) Trench for MV Switchboard (5 panels) Trench for R.M.U. (3 panels) Trench for R.M.U. (4 panels) EARTH SYSTEM

29 30 31 32 33 34

G-038 G-039

External Earthing pits Internal Earthing pits OTHERS

35 36

E-271 E-290

Slag for Customer Substation (P.T.) Assembling the Meter Box (Type ACIX)

37 38

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Appendix A

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Appendix B Design of Customers Main Switchroom The purpose of establishing a customers main switchroom in building is to receive supply from CEM service equipment and accommodate the main switch and distribution board for controlling and distributing electricity supply to all parts of the building. Therefore in designing a customers main switchroom, the following requirements must be noted. 1. Position of Switchroom in relation to Service Position Where the supply is taken directly from a transformer located within the building, the main switchroom must be located immediately adjacent to the customer substation so that the length and bending of CEM cables connecting the transformer to the main switch are kept to minimum. Where the supply is taken from a low voltage network via multi-core cables, the main switchroom shall be as near to the building entrance as possible. 2. Access The main switchroom must be readily accessible from a communal area at all times without passing through any individual customers premises. 3. Routing of Out-going Circuits The outgoing circuits from the main switchroom such as rising mains and landlords services shall not pass through any individual customers premises. Where this cannot be avoided, suitable concrete ducts must be provided so that the cables installed therein can be replaced without the need to enter any individual customers premises at any time. 4. Dimensions The main switchroom shall not only be big enough to accommodate all the associated switch gear, distribution board and CEM metering equipment but also have adequate working space to facilitate installation, operation and maintenance. Figure 1 in NCEM C14-100 section 3.4.12 shows the detail dimensions.

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Appendix C Stainless Steel for Substation External Steelwork 1. Material used shall be grade 316L stainless steel. This is a nickel-chromium steel containing molybdenum and a small amount of carbon. This steel is well suited to external applications particularly near coastal areas, and has good corrosion resistance. The Japanese standard for this steel is SU 316L and the American equivalent is TP 316L. The following notes relate to all external steelwork and in particular the doors: 3.1. The hinges of each door leaf must be designed and constructed to withstand the weight of the door plus 50kg and be not less than four in number per leaf. Welding treatment must be suitable for grade 316L stainless steel and must not create weak spots at the weld. After welding, the weld surface must be brushed clean to remove all welding flux and surface dirt. The surface shall then be solvent cleaned to remove all residual dirt and grease. Welding should only by inert gas arc welding to BS7475. The doors and other external steelwork shall be covered with plastic sheets at the time of installation and such plastic sheets shall not be removed until the building construction work is completed, in order to avoid staining and damage to the steelwork by site construction work.

2.

3.

3.2.

3.3.

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Appendix D General Notes to Layout Drawing 1. Internal height of the customer substation under ceiling/ceiling beams to be 3.0m minimum. Invert level of trench at inlet to be 850mm minimum below pavement level for MV cables and 650mm below pavement level for LV cables. All cable trenches to be covered with 5mm thick hot dip galvanized plate. The cable trench outlet must be free of obstructions. Minimum thickness of reinforced concrete floor slab to be 200mm, and to withstand a superimposed load of 5kPa. Where appropriate, the substation floor shall be laid on well-compacted subsoil. Area hatched for MV equipment erection to withstand dead load of 600kg and superimposed load of 750kg per equipment. Finished top surface shall be smoothed and level. The dimensions for each transformer foundation should be 2.35m x 1.55m for customer substation housing one transformer (see drawings C-057 and C-058) and 2.55m x 1.45m for customer substation housing two transformers (see drawings C059 and C-060). The transformer foundation should withstand 6000kg and be leveled with finished floor level. Substation walls and the ceiling shall be cement and sand plastered and finished with one coat of liquid prepolymer sealing and three finishing coats of white color acrylic resin based coating in gloss finish. The substation floor shall be cement and sand rendered with trowelled smooth finished and painted with one coat of polyurethane sealer and two coats of red color epoxy dust proof coating The layout drawing is prepared from building plans submitted. Companhia de Electricidade de Macau-CEM, S.A. must be informed immediately of any modifications to the building plans which may affect the drawing.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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Appendix E Earth system Type of Earth System FIRST LETTER Earthing Arrangement for Source of Energy T Direct connection of one point to earth at source of energy SECOND LETTER Relationship of Exposed Conductive Parts of Installation and Earth T Direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts by protective conductors to earth vianan earth electrode which is independent of the earthing arrangements of the source of energy N Direct connection of expose conductive parts by protective conductors to earthed point of source of energy (usually the neutral point of AC systems) SUBSEQUENT LETTER (IF ANY) Arrangement of Neutral and Protective Conductors in TN Systems.

T Direct connection of one or more point of the source of energy to earth

S Separate conductors for neutral and protective functions C-S Neutral and protective functions combined in part of system only C Neutral and protective conductor combined in a single conductor

I All Live part of source of energy isolated from earth or point one earthed through an impedance

T Direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts by protective conductors to earth via an earth electrode which is independent of the earthing arrangements of the source of energy

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TNCS system

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