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The task of delivering a keynote address or any such talk on a public platform, which I had not taken up for almost 40 years, has surprisingly come to me. Anyhow I thank the concerned for such an opportunity. The most important component of an electric machine is the windings where the main energy conversion processes take place. The winding diagrams illustrate the operating principle of the windings, construction and arrangement of the entire winding element on the core as well as the connection in between. It is very difficult to carry out winding without periodically checking against a winding diagram. Therefore, such diagrams should always be drawn before the repairs. Necessity and developments has led to many types of winding satisfying the requirements. DC wave winding is the result of such a requirement. In 1890,B G Lamme was working on the design of a new railway motor with a view to improvement of the then existing motor. The older motor had a lap wound armature specially cross connected at the commutator for the purpose of eliminating all but two brush arms.One of Lammes desire was to design the winding so that cross connection would not be necessary and so that it would still be possible to operate the motor with two brush arms. He devised a winding that requires only two brush arms (The present day wave winding) irrespective of the number of poles. The winding was included in the new design. Question was raised regarding this new winding, when it was first proposed. Lamme had to swear up and down that it was absolutely correct in principle, even if it was new and untried. This is interesting in view of the fact that the same windings are used even today. An assembly drawing normally consists of All parts, drawn in their normal operation A parts list or bill of materials showing the detail number of each part, the quantity required for a single assembly, the description or name of the part, the catalog number if it is a standard part, and the company part number. Machining and assembly operations and critical dimensions related to these functions.

Sectional gives a general graphic description of the interior shape by passing a cutting plane through all or part of the assembly. Sectional assembly drawings are used for the manufacture and assembly of complicated devices. A detailed assembly drawing shows how all components are assembled and provides necessary details and joining techniques to fully assemble all or part of the project. What are the objectives of Electrical Drawing? Electrical drawing for a project serves three distinct functions. 1. Describes the electrical project in sufficient details to allow electrical contractors to use the drawings in estimating the cost of materials, labor, and services when preparing a contract bid.

2 2. Instructs and guides electricians in performing the required wiring and equipment installation while also warning them of potential hazards such as existing wiring, gas pipes, or plumbing systems. 3. Provides the owner with an as built record of the installed electrical wiring and equipment for the purposes of maintenance or planning for future expansion.

Computer aided drawing (CAD) has many benefits as compared to manual. Some of the benefits are, 1. Saving time in the preparation of all types of electrical drawing. 2. Eliminating the tedious task of lettering and drawing uniform lines and symbols. 3. Making rapid changes on completed and approved drawings to reflect field changes such as substation of different equipment. 4. Making rapid corrections of mistakes or oversights that have been discovered. 5. Permitting work to be done on a specific drawing by two or more persons at separate workstations within the same office or miles apart, because data can be transmitted over networks to master workstation. This permits two or more persons to participate in the design work in real time. 6. Accelerating the distribution of drawings to all concerned parities: owners, contractors, equipment manufacturers, and suppliers. Electrical CAD software: The basic AutoCAD has a menu structure that permits drawing lines, circles, arcs, rectangles, spline curves, hatching etc. It also permits generation of text, scaling, and dimensioning. The modifying commands include erase, copy, mirror, stretch, and array. The electrical drafting software has a library of hundreds of standard electrical symbols that can be accessed from a menu, downloaded, and dragged into position on the face of the screen as needed. The basic symbols can be modified to fulfill special requirements Logic inherent in the software monitors the use of the symbols and indicates possible errors. AutoCAD has special features to draw single line diagrams and also can do a lot when it comes assembly drawing. I congratulate the management, the Principal and the teaching staff of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for the initiative taken to provide a platform for the exchange and enhancement of knowledge among the teaching fraternity. I wish the participants avail the benefit and transfer the same to students. I thank one and all of HKBK for having provided me an opportunity to be here in this capacity.