Our Model 108 Analyzers for #landfill gas and/or #stackgas monitoring are reliable, flexible and versatile instruments that utilize electrochemical & infrared gas sensors
for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) & other gases (CO2).
Our Model 108 Analyzers for #landfill gas and/or #stackgas monitoring are reliable, flexible and versatile instruments that utilize electrochemical & infrared gas sensors
for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) & other gases (CO2).
Our Model 108 Analyzers for #landfill gas and/or #stackgas monitoring are reliable, flexible and versatile instruments that utilize electrochemical & infrared gas sensors
for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) & other gases (CO2).
CH 4 , CO2, O 2 , CO, H2S Special Stack Gas Sensors Model 108 Portable Analyzer Introduction The Model 108 Analyzers are reliable, flexible and versatile instruments based on electrochemical & infrared gas sensors for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S),carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) &carbon dioxide (CO2).These products are available in a portabe configuration with a rechargeable battery operation. Other Continuous Analyzers include the Model 201-B PID or FID Analyzer for total VOCs, a thermal conductivity detector (TCD),Model 204 and a Model 210 Oxygen Analyzer. The addition of these new Analyzers greatly improves the capability and range of process analyzers from PID. Principle of Operation Electrochemical (EC) Amperometric techniques can use two or three electrode systems for detection. A membrane is used to separate the phase being measured (air containing a toxic gas) from the electrolyte where the measurement takes place. The oxygen electrode was first described by Clarke in 1956 and is perhaps the best known of this type. Here, a fixed potential is applied to one electrode and the current generated by oxygen being consumed according to: O 2 +2H 2 0 +2e - [H 2 0 2 ] +2OH - is measured. Various organic and inorganic compounds can be sensed at an electrode interface by applying a voltage that is equivalent to the oxidation or reduction potential. As the appropriate compounds diffuse to the electrode, they will be oxidized or reduced and will produce a current (proportional to concentration). This signal is amplified and displayed on the digital meter. The calibration value for each sensor is stored in the processor memory for later retrieval. The O 2 sensor has a long lifetime acidic electrolyte in the sensor. Infrared (IR)-CH4 & CO2- % Two infrared sensors with interference filters one at the absorbance max the other at the min. Each is in a leg of a Wheatstone Bridge circuit. If the sample , is irradiated by an IR source and CH4 is present it will increase the temperature of the CH 4 or CO 2 IR sensors and change the resistance. The change in resistance is proportional to the concentration. The readout is %, Applications Vent monitoring CH4 & CO2% Combustion efficiency-Combustibles & O2 Stack gas monitoring- CO,O2- Sampling systems available Scrubbler outlets- efficiency of CO2, H2S removal Features- Wide operating range with no range changing necessary- 16 Bit ADC Push button calibration- automatically adjusts response RS232 digital output- can print to a serial printer, continuously print to a PC or store up to 7,000 data points for downloading to a PC via Windows Hyperterminal. Multiple Analytical Modules can be setup with different interchangeable sensors Stored calibration values Audible alarm- internal Datalogging (programmable) for 7,000 points- Graphing software for logged data Easy to calibrate; Turn on/off functions via simple keypad Interchangeable electrochemical detectors Battery operation or runs continously off the battery charger CO 2 , CH 4 , O 2 , H 2 S, CO Specifications Electrochemical Sensors optimized for stack gas operation are available (see back Page Table I). Available in two configurations: Single component or Multiple Stack Gas sensor for methane & CO 2 plus O 2 and 1 electrochemical sensor Measurement mode: Continuous Response time- 20-50 sec. to 90% Zero drift- Automatic compensation; <1-2% per month Span drift- less than 2% every month Single alarm- customer programmable Wide range of response- from ppm to 100 % Readout- 5 1/2 digit LCD smart panel meter with backlighting Standard output: RS232; 0-1 VDC Enclosure:-General Purpose Dimensions: 8" H x3"W x 2.25"D; Weight: 7.5 pounds Power requirements- 100- 240VAC, battery charger Range- The IR sensor for methane has a range of 0- 100%. A second IR sensor is availabel for measuring CO 2 . Other sensors are designed to be used for measuring stack gases. . A special oxygen sensor with an acidic electrolyte is available for measuring oxygen in stack gases where the acid gases such as CO 2 would interfere with operation. Options Sensors-Combination of sensors from single IR for methane (VOCs) and/ or O 2 , plus CH 4 or 1 or 2 EC sensors. Multiple analytical modules can be used with a single readout In short term sampling cases, a coalescing filter that removes liquid water and particulate is for sampling. Sampling Systems One of the most difficult challenges is to deliver a sample stream saturated with water at an elevated temperature to the analyzer without any change in the composition of the compounds to be measured. A photo of one of our sample conditioning system is shown below. The system used for stack gases involves dilution with ambient air to cool the temperature of the as and to remove the water from the gas and prevent condensation. The dilution gas is passed through a filter to remove any interfering gases (SO 2 , NO....). Calibration gas is introduced at the inlet to correct for any losses and/or dilution in the system. For additional information, please contact PID Analyzers. Low Cost Portable Gas Analyzers, PID ANALYZERS, LLC 25 Walpole Park South Dr. Walpole, MA 02081 Tel. 1-508-660-5001 USA or Canada 1-800-724-5600 Fax. 1-508-660-5040 Web: http://www.hnu.com E-mail: sales@hnu.com HNU Nordion, Ltd, OY, Atomitie 5 B 6, PL 1, Helsinki, Finland Tel. +358-9-565 7240 Fax +350-9-562 6801 Web: http://www.hnunordion.fi E-mail: Info@hnunordion.fi Sensor Specs Table I Sensor Specifications Sensor Range ppm Det. Limit Resp.Time (s) Interferences Carbon Monoxide- 0-1,000 1 15 H 2 , C 2 H 4 Carrbon Monoxide-SG 0-10,000 10 15 H 2 , C 2 H 4 Hydrogen SulfideSG 0-1,000 1 15 with filter Oxygen-SG** 0-30 % 0.1% 8 no CO 2 interference Carbon Dioxide 0-100% 1 % 30 Methane 0-100% 1% 30 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SG=Stack Gas Sensor ** Uses acidic electrolyte to prevent interference from acid gases Land fill Gas Composition Biogas Composition Spotlight on Technology , Monitoring Soil Gas at Landfills PID's New Analyzer By Dr. Jack Driscoll Application Modem landfills are monitored to ensure compliance with federal regulations under 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, and 63 (Federal Regis terNo!. 65, No. 20lffuesday, October 17, 2000 !Rules and Regulations). PID Analyzers (hnu.com) has introduced its Model 108 Ana .,........--.--- - Iyzer for measuring landfill gases. The analyzer is used for soil gas monitoring, and measuring the near swface gases at a landfill site. Clearly, one on the biggest concems at a landfill site is the methane (ClL) which has a lower explosive limit of about five percent. Areas outside the I and fi II can be checked to ensure that the CtL is not migrating from the landfill to nearby homes. Since PID's Model 108 is a four gas analyzer, the customer can choose either an electrochemi cal hydrogen sulfide (H,S) sensor or an atmos phelic pressure sensor as an option. The analyzer can compensate for water in the sam ple up to 95 percent, but it is possible the sam ple can be satw'ated, so PID has added a water removal system to prevent liquid water from getting into the analyzer. Technology The Model 108 's infrared sensors have two interference filters and two temperature sensors: one at the absorbance maximum (3 microns for ClL), the other at the mini mum. Each is in a leg of a Wheatstone Bridge circuit. If the sample is irradiated by an TR (infrared) source and CtL is present, it will increase the temperature of the CH. IR sensor 44 PID Model 108 Analyzer The analyzer is powered by a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery. With the ability to run about eight hours continuously, the analyzer can be recharged in about three hours using the smart charger. Wavelength !lIm] CO2 2: (magnified 20 xl . .J
Ii '" I ) J I I . l.5 f 1 : 1 05 f (magrifted 50 xl / \ . /
Figure 1 Source. PID Analyzers and change the resistance. The change in resistance is proportional to the concentra tion. The carbon dioxide (CO,) works in a similar fashion but has an absorbance maxi mum at 4.3 microns. Figure 1 is an IR spec trum of CO, where M is the measurement wavelength and R is the reference wave length. Note that water absorbs strongly in the infrared and in Figure 1, the M and R wavelengths for CO2 are in a region where water does not absorb strongly. The Model 108 has two dual beam (mea suring and reference wavelengths) infrared analyzers for measuring 0-100 percent CO, and ClL and an electrochemical sensor for oxygen (0-30%). The electrolyte for the 0 , sensor is acidic to keep the CO, from build ing up in the electrolyte and destroying the sensor in a short period of time (months). The gas composition of the landfill gas is shown in Figure 2. The analyzer is powered by a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery. With the ability to run about eight hours continuously, the analyzer can be recharged in about three hours using the smart charger. This analyzer also has a number of outputs, including a 0-1 VDC analog, an RS232 digital signal, Compound Concentration % co, 40-60 CH, 45-60 0 , 0.1-1 H,S 0-3 H, 0-1 Figure 2 Source: PID Analyzers and an optional Bluetooth, and has Windows PC software that will provide instantaneous graphical data or hourly data. A comma delimited ASCII file (with real time stamp) is also provided that can be imported directly into EXCEL. Emerging Applications On many closed landfills, municipalities are installing solar cells to generate power for the cities or towns. For sites like this it is impor tant to monitor the sites more closely to pro tect the investment in solar power. On Cape Cod in Massachusetts, many of the 13 towns have worked together with a private contrac tor to install solar cells on landfills to gener ate electlicilY for the towns at a considerably lower cost than conventional power. Of the 50+ landfills in MA, 38 are cWTently generat ing power by burning methane. Jack Driscoll is President of PID Analyz ers, which is based in Sandwich, MA. For more information on PID Analyzers call 774-413-5281, email sales@hnu.com. or visit hnu.com. April 2013 - CryoGas International