Ga Hinh8 Cuc Chuan

Gio n hnh hc 8
1 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh

Chng I : T GIAC
1. T GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng cac ngha ve t giac, t giac loi, tong cac goc cua tgiac loi.
- HS biet ve, biet goi ten cac yeu to, biet tnh so o cac goc cua mot t giac loi.
Biet van dung cac kien thc trong bai vao cac tnh huong thc tien n gian.
- Suy luan ra c tong bon goc noai cua t giac bang 360
o
.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Compa, eke, thc thang, bang phu ve hnh san (H1, H5 sgk)
- HS : On nh l tong so o cac goc trong tam giac.
III/ HOAT ONG DAY- HOC :

NOI DUNG HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG CUA HS
Hoat ong 1 : Kiem ra (5)
- Kiem tra o dung hoc tap
cua HS, nhac nh HS cha
co u
- HS cung ban kiem tra lan
nhau va bao cao
Hoat ong 2 : Gii thieu bai mi (1)
1. T GIAC
- Gii thieu tong quat kien
thc lp 8, chng I, bai mi
- HS nhe va ghi ten chng,
bai vao v.
Hoat ong 3 : nh ngha (20)
1.nh ngha:

A
B
D
C

T giac ABCD la hnh
gom 4 oan thang AB, BC,
CD, DA, trong o bat ky 2
oan thang nao cung
khong cung nam tren 1
ng thang
T giac ABCD (hay ADCB,
BCDA, )
- Cac nh: A, B, C, D
- Cac canh: AB, BC, CD,
DA.
@T giac loi la t giac
luon
nam trong 1 na mat
phang co b la ng
thang cha bat ky canh
nao cua t giac
?2

- Treo hnh 1,2 (sgk) : Moi hnh
tren eu gom 4 oan thang
AB, BA, CD, DA. Hnh nao co
hai oan thang cung thuoc
mot ng thang?
- Cac hnh 1a,b,c eu c
goi la t giac, hnh 2 khong
c goi la t giac. Vay
theo em, the nao la t giac ?
- GV chot lai (nh ngha nh
SGK) va ghi bang
- GV giai thch ro noi dung
nh ngha bon oan thang
lien tiep, khep kn, khong
cung tren mot ng thang
- Gii thieu cac yeu to,
cach goi ten t giac.
- Thc hien ?1 : at mep
thc ke len moi canh cua
t giac hnh a, b, c roi tra
li ?1
- GV chot lai van e va neu
nh ngha t giac loi
- GV neu va giai thch chu
y (sgk)
- Treo bang phu hnh 3. yeu
cau HS chia nhom lam ?2
- GV quan sat nhac nh HS
khong tap trung
- HS quan sat va tra li
(Hnh 2 co hai oan thang
BC va CD cung nam tren
mot oan thang)

-
HS suy ngh tra li
- HS1: (tra li)
- HS2: (tra li)

- HS nhac lai (vai lan) va
ghi vao v

- HS chu y nghe va quan
sat hnh ve e khac sau
kien thc

- Ve hnh va ghi chu vao
v

- Tra li: hnh a
- HS nghe hieu va nhac lai
nh ngha t giac loi
- HS nghe hieu
- HS chia 4 nhom lam tren
bang phu

- Thi gian 5
Tiet :1
Ngay soan :
20/08/11
Ngay day :
24/08/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
2 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh

A
B
D C
M
P
N
Q

- ai dien nhom trnh bay

A
B
D C
M
P
N
Q

a)* nh ke: A va B, B va
C, C va D, D va A
* nh oi nhau: B va D,
A va D
b) ng cheo: BD, AC
c) Canh ke: AB va BC, BC
va CD,CD va DA, DA va
AB
d) Goc: A, B, C, D
Goc oi nhau: A va C, B va
D
e) iem nam trong: M, P
iem nam ngoai: N, Q
Hoat ong 4 : Tong cac goc cua mot t giac (7)
2. Tong cac goc cua mot
t giac
1
2 2
1
A
B
D
C

Ke ng cheo AC, ta co :
A
1
+ B + C
1
= 180
o
,
A
2
+ D + C
2
= 180
o

(A
1
+A
2
)+B+(C
1
+C
2
)+D = 360
o

vay A + B + C + D = 360
o

nh l : (Sgk)
- Ve t giac ABCD : Khong
tnh (o) so o moi goc, hay
tnh xem tong so o bon goc
cua t giac bang bao nhieu?
- Cho HS thc hien ?3 theo
nhom nho
- Theo doi, giup cac nhom
lam bai
- Cho ai dien vai nhom bao
cao
- GV chot lai van e (neu
phng hng va cach lam,
roi trnh bay cu the)
- HS suy ngh (khong can tra
li ngay)

- HS thao luan nhom theo
yeu cau cua GV
- ai dien mot vai nhom
neu ro cach lam va cho
biet ket qua, con lai nhan
xet bo sung, gop y
- HS theo doi ghi chep
- Neu ket luan (nh l) , HS
khac lap lai vai lan.
Hoat ong 5 : Cung co (7)
Bai 1 trang 66 Sgk
a) x=50
0
(hnh 5)
b) x=90
0
c) x=115
0
d) x=75
0
a) x=100
0
(hnh 6)
a) x=36
0
- Treo tranh ve 6 t giac nh
hnh 5, 6 (sgk) goi HS nham
tnh
! cau d hnh 5 s dung goc
ke bu

- HS tnh nham so o goc x
a) x=50
0
(hnh 5)
b) x=90
0
c) x=115
0
d) x=75
0
a) x=100
0
(hnh 6)
a) x=36
0
Hoat ong 6 : Dan do (5)

Bai tap 2 trang 66 Sgk



- Hoc bai: Nam s khac nhau
gia t giac va t giac
loi; t chng minh nh l
tong cac goc trong t giac
- Bai tap 2 trang 66 Sgk
! S dung tong cac goc 1
t giac
! Tng t bai 2
! S dung cach ve tam giac
! S dung toa o e tm
- HS nghe dan va ghi chu
vao v

A+B+C+D

A+B+C+D = 360
0

- Xem lai cach ve tam giac

Tiet :2
Ngay soan :
20/08/11
Ngay day : 26/08/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
3 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh

2. HNH THANG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam c nh nghia hnh thang, hnh thang vuong, cac yeu to cua hnh thang. Biet
cach chng minh mot t giac la hnh thang, la hnh thang vuong.
- HS biet ve hnh thang, hnh thang vuong; tnh so o cac goc cua hnh thang, hnh thang
vuong. Biet s dung dung cu e kiem tra mot t giac la hnh thang.
- Biet linh hoat khi nhan dang hnh thang nhng v tr khac nhau va cac dang ac
biet (hai canh song song, hai ay bang nhau)
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc thang, eke, bang phu ( ghi cau hoi ktra, ve san hnh 13), phan mau
- HS : Hoc va lam bai nha; v ghi, sgk, thc, eke
- Phng phap : am thoai, qui nap, hp tac nhom

Hoat ong 1 : Kiem ra bai cu (8)
- nh ngha t giac
ABCD?
- l ve tong cac goc cua
mot t giac?
- Cho t giac ABCD,biet
A = 65
o
,
B = 117
o
,
C = 71
o

+ Tnh goc D?
+ So o goc ngoai tai D?
- Treo bang phu ghi cau hoi
kiem tra; goi mot HS len
bang.
- Kiem tra v btvn vai HS
- Thu 2 bai lam cua HS

- anh gia, cho iem
- Chot lai cac noi dung chnh
(nh ngha, l, cach tnh goc
ngoai)
- Mot HS len bang tra li
va lam bai len bang. Ca
lp lam bai vao v .
117
75 65
B
D
C
A

D= 360
0
-65
0
-117
0
-71
0
= 107
0
Goc ngoai tai D bang 73
0
- Nhan xet bai lam
bang .
- HS nghe va ghi nh

2. HNH THANG

- Chung ta a biet ve t
giac va tnh chat chung cua
no. T tiet hoc nay, chung
ta se nghien cu ve cac t
giac ac biet vi nhng tnh
chat cua no. T giac au
tien la hnh thang.
- HS nghe gii thieu
- Ghi ta bai vao v
Hoat ong 3 : Hnh thanh nh ngha (18)
1.nh ngha: (Sgk)
H
A
B
D C

Hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD)
AB, CD : canh ay
AD, BC : canh ben
AH : ng cao
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 13:
Hai canh oi AB va CD co g
ac biet?
- Ta goi t giac nay la hnh
thang. Vay hnh thang la hnh
nh the nao?
- GV neu lai nh nghia hnh
thang va ten goi cac canh.
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 15,
cho HS lam bai tap ?1
- Nhan xet chung va chot lai
- HS quan sat hnh , neu
nhan xet AB//CD

- HS neu nh ngha hnh
thang
- HS nhac lai, ve hnh va
ghi vao v

- HS lam ?1 tai cho tng
cau
- HS khac nhan xet bo sung
Gio n hnh hc 8
4 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
* Hai goc ke mot canh ben
cua hnh thang th bu nhau.

* Nhan xet: (sgk trang 70)

ve
- Cho HS lam ?2 (ve san cac
hnh 16, 17 sgk)
- Cho HS nhan xet bang
- T b.tap tren hay neu ket
luan?
- GV chot lai va ghi bang
- Ghi nhan xet vao v
- HS thc hien ?2 tren phieu
hoc tap hai HS lam bang
- HS khac nhan xet bai
- HS neu ket luan
- HS ghi bai
Hoat ong 4: Hnh thang vuong (8)
2.Hnh thang vuong:
A B

D C
Hnh thang vuong la hnh
thang co 1 goc vuong
Cho HS quan sat hnh 18, tnh
D
?
Noi: ABCD la hnh thang
vuong. Vay the nao la hnh
thang vuong?
Hthang
hinh thang
comot gocvuong

- HS quan sat hnh tnh D
= 90
0

- HS neu nh ngha hnh
thang vuong, ve hnh vao
v
Hoat ong 5: Cung co (5)
Bai 7 trang 71
a) x = 100
o
; y = 140
o
b) x = 70
o
; y = 50
o

c) x = 90
o
; y = 115
o

- Treo bang phu hnh ve 21
(Sgk)
- Goi HS tra li tai cho tng
trng hp
- HS kiem tra bang trc quan,
bang e ke va tra li
- HS tra li mieng tai cho
bai tap 7
Hoat ong 6: Dan do (5)



- Hoc bai: thuoc nh ngha
hnh thang, hnh thang vuong.
!
A +
B +
C + D
= 360
o

! S dung tam giac can
3

- Xem lai bai tam giac can

- em so hnh thang

IV :Lu khi s dng gio n
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Gio n hnh hc 8
5 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
3. HNH THANG CAN
I/ MUC TIEU:
- HS nam vng nh ngha, cac tnh chat, cac dau hieu nhan biet hnh thang can.
- HS biet ve hnh thang can, biet s dung nh ngha va tnh chat cua hnh thang can
trong tnh toan va chng minh, biet chng minh t giac la hnh thang can.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc chia khoang, thc o goc, compa; bang phu
- HS : Hoc bai cu, lam bai nha; dung cu: thc chia khoang thc o goc
1- nh ngha hnh thang (neu
ro cac yeu to cua no)
2- Cho ABCD la hnh thang
(ay la AB va CD). Tnh x
va y
x
110 110
y
A
B
D C

- Treo bang phu - Goi mot HS
len bang
- Kiem btvn vai HS

- Cho HS nhan xet

- Nhan xet anh gia va cho
iem
- HS lam theo yeu cau cua
GV:
x =180
0
- 110= 70
0
y =180
0
- 110= 70
0
- HS nhan xet bai lam cua
ban

- HS ghi nh , t sa sai (neu
co)
3 HNH THANG
CAN
- tiet trc (GV nhac
lai)
- tiet nay chung ta se
nghien cu ve dang ac biet
cua no
- Chuan b tam the vao bai
mi
- Ghi ta bai
1.nh ngha:
A
B
D C

Hnh thang can la hnh thang
co 2 goc ke 1 ay bang
nhau

Hnh thang can ABCD
AB//CD
A=
B ;

C = D

- Co nhan xet g ve hnh
thang tren (trong e ktra)?
- Mot hnh thang nh vay goi
la hnh thang can. Vay hnh
thang can la hnh nh the
nao?
- GV tom tat y kien va ghi
bang
- a ra ?2 tren bang phu
(hoac phim trong)
- GV chot lai bang cach ch
tren hnh ve va giai thch
tng trng hp
- Qua ba hnh thang can tren,
co nhan xet chung la g?
- HS quan sat hnh va tra li
(hai goc ay bang nhau)
- HS suy ngh, phat bieu

- HS phat bieu lai nh ngha
- HS suy ngh va tra li tai
cho
- HS khac nhan xet
- Tng t cho cau b, c
- Quan sat, nghe giang

-HS neu nhan xet: hnh thang
can co hai goc oi bu nhau.
Hoat ong 4 : Tm tnh chat canh ben (12)
2.Tnh chat :
a) nh l 1:
Trong hnh thang can , hai
canh ben bang nhau
O

- Cho HS o cac canh ben cua
ba hnh thang can hnh 24
- Co the ket luan g?
- Ta chng minh ieu o ?
- GV ve hnh, cho HS ghi GT,
KL
- Moi HS t o va nhan xet.

- HS neu nh l
- HS suy ngh, tm cach c/minh
- HS ve hnh, ghi GT-KL
- HS nghe gi y
Tiet :3
Ngay soan :
27/08/11
Ngay day : 31
/08/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
6 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
ca
n
A B

D C

GT ABCD la hnh thang
(AB//CD)
KL AD = BC

Chng minh: (sgk trang 73)

Chu y : (sgk trang 73)
- Trng hp canh ben AD
va BC khong song song, keo
dai cho chung cat nhau tai O
cac AODC va OAB la tam
giac g?
- Thu vai phieu hoc tap, cho
HS nhan xet bang
- Trng hp AD//BC ?
- GV: hthang co hai canh ben
song song th hai canh ben
bang nhau. Ngc lai, hnh
thang co hai canh ben bang
nhau co phai la hnh thang
can khong?
- Treo hnh 27 va neu chu y
(sgk)
- Mot HS len bang chng
minh trng hp a, ca lp
lam vao phieu hoc tap
- HS nhan xet bai lam
tren bang
- HS suy ngh tra li
- HS suy ngh tra li

- HS ghi chu y vao v
b) nh l 2:
Trong hnh thang can, hai
ng cheo bang nhau
O
A
B
D C

GT ABCD la hthang can
(AB//CD)
KL AC = BD
Cm: (sgk trang73)
- Treo bang phu (hnh 23sgk)
- Theo nh l 1, hnh thang can
ABCD co hai oan thang nao
bang nhau ?
- D oan nh the nao ve hai
ng cheo AC va BD?
- Ta phai cminh nh lsau
- Ve hai ng cheo, ghi GT-
KL?
- Em nao co the chng minh
?
- HS quan sat hnh ve tren
bang
- HS tra li (ABCD la hnh
thang can, theo nh l 1 ta co
AD = BC)
- HS neu d oan (AC =
BD)
- HS o trc tiep 2 oan AC,
BD
- HS ve hnh va ghi GT-KL
- HS trnh bay mieng tai cho

- HS ghi vao v
Hoat ong 5 : Tm dau hieu nhan biet hnh thang can (6)
3. Dau hieu nhan biet hnh
thang can:
a) nh L 3: Sgk trang 74
b) Dau hieu nhan biet hnh
thang can :
1. Hnh thang co goc ke mot
ay bang nhau la hthang
can
2. Hnh thang co hai ng
cheo bang nhau la hthang
can
- GV cho HS lam ?3
- Lam the nao e ve c 2
iem A, B thuoc m sao cho
ABCD la hnh thang co hai
ng cheo AC = BD? (gi y:
dung compa)
- Cho HS nhan xet va chot
lai:
+ Cach ve A, B thoa man k
+ Phat bieu nh l 3 va ghi
bang
- Dau hieu nhan biet hthang
can?
- GV chot lai, ghi bang
- HS oc yeu cau cua ?3
- Moi em lam viec theo yeu
cau cua GV:
+ Ve hai iem A, B
+ o hai goc C va D
+ Nhan xet ve hnh dang
cua hnh thang ABCD.
(Mot HS len bang, con lai
lam viec tai cho)
- HS nhac lai va ghi bai

- Hoc bai : thuoc nh ngha,
cac tnh chat , dau hieu nhan
biet
- Bai tap 12,13,15 trang 74 Sgk
- HS nghe dan

- HS ghi chu vao tap
Gio n hnh hc 8
7 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
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LUYEN TAP 3.
I/ MUC TIEU:
- Hoc sinh c cung co va hoan thien ly thuyet: nh ngha, tnh chat hnh thang can,
cac dau hieu nhan biet mot hnh thang can .
- HS biet van dung cac tnh chat cua hnh thang can e giai mot so bai tap tong hp;
ren luyen ky nang nhan biet hnh thang can .
- Ren luyen cac thao tac phan tch, tong hp, xac nh hng chng minh mot bai
toan hnh hoc.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Bang phu ghi e kiem tra, bai tap .
- HS : Hoc bai va lam cac bai tap a cho va a c hng dan
- Phng phap: am thoai, gi m, hp tac nhom

Hoat ong 1 : Kiem tra bai cu (12)
Bai 15 trang 75 Sgk
50
B C
A
D
E
Giai
a)

A D = = (180
o
-A) :2
DE // BC.
Hnh thang BDEC co

B C =
nen la hnh thang can.
b)

B C = =(180
0
-50
0
) :2 = 65
0

2 2

D E = = (360
0
-130
0
) :2= 115
0

- Cho HS sa bai 15 (trang 75)

- GV kiem bai lam nha cua
mot vai HS

- anh gia; khang nh nhng
cho lam ung; sa lai nhng
cho sai cua HS va yeu cau HS
nhac lai cach c/m 1 t giac la
hthang can
- Qua bai tap, rut ra mot cach
ve hnh thang can?
- Mot HS ve hnh; ghi GT-KL
mot HS trnh bay li giai
- Ca lp theo doi

- HS neu y kien nhan xet,
gop y bai lam tren bang
- HS sa bai vao v

- HS nhac lai cach chng
minh hnh thang can
- HS neu cach ve hnh thang
can t mot tam giac can
Hoat ong 2 : Luyen tap (28)
Bai 17 trang 75 Sgk

O
A
B
D C

GT hthang ABCD (AB//CD)

ACD = BDC
KL ABCD can
Giai
Goi O la giao iem cua
AC va BD, ta co:
- Cho HS oc e bai, GV ve hnh
len bang, goi HS tom tat gt-kl
- Chng minh ABCD la hnh thang
can nh the nao?
- Vi ieu kien

ACD = BDC, ta
co the chng minh c g? =>
- Can chng minh them g na?
=> ?
- T o => ?
- Goi 1 HS giai; HS khac lam
vao nhap

- HS oc e bai, ve hnh va
tom tat Gt-Kl.
- Hnh thang ABCD co
AC=BD
AODC can
=> OD=OC
- Can chng minh AOAB can
=> OA=OB
AC=BD
Goi O la giao iem cua AC
va BD, ta co:
Ta co: AB// CD (gt)
Tiet :4
Ngay soan :
01/09/11
Ngay day : 07/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
8 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
Ta co: AB// CD (gt)
Nen:

OAB = OCD(soletrong)

OBA = ODC ( soletrong)
Do o AOAB can tai O
OA = OB (1)
Lai co

ODC = OCD(gt)
OC = OD (2)
T (1) va (2) AC = BD
Bai 18 trang 75 Sgk
E
A
B
C
D

- GV hoan chnh bai cho HS

Nen:

OAB = OCD(soletrong)

OBA = ODC ( soletrong)
Do o AOAB can tai O
OA = OB (1)
Lai co

ODC = OCD(gt)
OC = OD (2)
T (1) va (2) AC = BD
- Nhan xet bai lam bang
- Sa bai vao v

- Goi HS nhac lai cac kien thc
a hoc trong 2, 3.
- Chot lai cach chng minh hnh
thang can
- HS neu nh ngha hnh thang,
hnh thang can. Tnh chat va
dau hieu nhan biet hnh thang
can


- On kien thc ve hnh thang,
hnh thang can
! S dung dau hieu nhan biet

- HS nghe dan

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Gio n hnh hc 8
9 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
4. NG TRUNG BNH
CUA TAM GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU:
- Hoc sinh nam vng nh ngha va cac nh l ve ng trung bnh cua tam giac.
- HS biet ve ng trung bnh cua tam giac, van dung cac nh l e tnh o dai cac oan
thang; chng minh hai oan thang bang nhau, hai oan thang song song.
- HS thay c ng dung thc te cua ng trung bnh trong tam giac.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Cac bang phu (ghi e kiem tra, ve san hnh 33), thc thang, eke, thc o goc.
- HS: On kien thc ve hnh thang, hnh thang can, giay lam bai kiem tra; thc o goc.
- Phng phap : Van ap, neu van e

GV a ra e kiem tra tren bang phu :
Cac cau sau ay cau nao ung? Cau nao sai? Hay giai
thch ro hoac chng minh cho ieu ket luan cua mnh.
1. Hnh thang co hai goc ke mot ay bang nhau la hnh
thang can.
2. T giac co hai ng cheo bang nhau la hnh thang
can.
3. T giac co hai goc ke mot canh bu nhau va co hai
ng cheo bang nhau la hnh thang can.
4. T giac co hai goc ke mot canh bang nhau la hnh
thang can.
5. T giac co hai goc ke mot canh bu nhau va co hai
goc oi bu nhau la hnh thang can.
- HS len bang tra li (co the
ve hnh e giai thch hoac
chng minh cho ket luan cua
mnh)
- HS con lai chep va lam vao
v bai tap :
1- ung (theo nh ngha)
2- Sai (ve hnh minh hoa)
3- ung (giai thch)
4- Sai (giai thch + ve hnh
)
5- ung (giai thch)

4. NG TRUNG
BNH CUA TAM GIAC
- GV gii thieu bai trc tiep
ghi bang
- HS ghi bai
Hoat ong 3 : Phat hien tnh chat (10)
1. ng trung bnh cua
tam giac
a. nh l 1: (sgk)
1
1
1
F
E
D
A
B C

GT AABC AD = DB, DE//BC
KL AE =EC
Chng minh (xem sgk)
- Cho HS thc hien ?1
- Quan sat va neu d oan ?
- Noi va ghi bang nh l.
- Cminh nh l nh the nao?
- Ve EF//AB.
- Hnh thang BDEF co BD//EF
=>?
- Ma AD=BD nen ?
- Xet ADE va AFC ta co
ieu g ?
- ADE va AFC nh the
nao?
- T o suy ra ieu g ?
- HS thc hien ?1 (ca the):
- Neu nhan xet ve v tr iem
E
- HS ghi bai va lap lai
- HS suy ngh

- EF=BD
- EF=AD
-

A=E1; D1=F1; AD=EF

- ADE = AFC (g-c-g)
- AE = EC
* nh ngha: (Sgk)

DE la ng trung bnh
-V tr iem D va E tren hnh
ve?
- Ta noi rang oan thang DE la
- HS neu nhan xet: D va E la
trung iem cua AB va AC

Tiet :5
Ngay soan :
02/09/11
Ngay day: 09/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
10 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh
cua AABC ng trung bnh cua tam giac
ABC. Vay em nao co the nh
ngha ng trung bnh cua tam
giac ?
- Trong mot A co may trbnh?
- HS phat bieu nh ngha
ng trung bnh cua tam giac
- HS khac nhac lai. Ghi bai
vao v
- Co 3 trbnh trong mot A
Hoat ong 4 : Tm tnh chat ng trung bnh tam giac (15)
b. nh l 2 : (sgk)
A

D E F

B C
Gt ABC ;AD=DB;AE = EC
Kl DE//BC; DE = BC

Chng minh : (xem sgk)
- Yeu cau HS thc hien ?2
- Goi vai HS cho biet ket qua
- T ket qua tren ta co the
ket luan g ve ng trung bnh
cua tam giac?
- Cho HS ve hnh, ghi GT-KL
- Muon chng minh DE//BC ta
phai lam g?
- Hay th ve them ng ke
phu e chng minh nh l
- GV chot lai bang viec a ra
bang phu bai chng minh cho
HS
- Thc hien ?2
- Neu ket qua kiem tra:

ADE = B DE = BC
- HS phat bieu: ng trung
bnh cua tam giac
- Ve hnh, ghi GT-KL
- HS suy ngh

- HS ke them ng phu nh
gi y thao luan theo nhom
nho 2 ngi cung ban roi tra
li (neu hng chng minh tai
cho)
?3
E
D
B
A
C

DE= 50 cm
T DE = BC (nh ly 2)
=> BC = 2DE=2.50=100
Bai 20 trang 79 Sgk
x
50
8cm
50
8cm
10cm
K
I
A
B C

- Cho HS tnh o dai BC tren
hnh 33 vi yeu cau:
- e tnh c khoang cach
gia hai iem B va C ngi ta
phai lam nh the nao?

- GV chot lai cach lam (nh
cot noi dung) cho HS nam
- Yeu cau HS chia nhom hoat
ong
- Thi gian lam bai 3
- GV quan sat nhac nh HS
khong tap trung
- GV nhan xet hoan chnh bai
- HS thc hien ? 3 theo yeu cau
cua GV:
- Quan sat hnh ve, ap dung
kien thc va hoc, phat bieu
cach thc hien
- DE la ng trung bnh cua
ABC
=> BC = 2DE
- HS phat bieu:
- HS chia lam 4 nhom lam bai
- Sau o ai dien nhom trnh
bay
- Ta co

AKI=ACB =500
=>IK//BC
ma KA=KC (gt)
=>IK la ng trung bnh
nen IA=IB=10cm


- Thuoc nh ngha, nh l 1, 2.
Xem lai cach cm nh l 1,2 Sgk
- HS nghe dan va ghi chu vao
v

- S dung nh ly 1,2

...............................................................................
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...........................................
Gio n hnh hc 8
4. NG TRUNG
BNH CUA HNH THANG (tt)
I/ MUC TIEU:
- Kien thc : HS nam vng nh ngha ve ng trung bnh cuahnh thang; nam vng noi
dung nh l 3, nh l 4 ve ng trung bnh hnh thang.
- Ky nang : Biet van dung nh l tnh o dai cac oan thang, chng minh cac he thc
ve oan thang.
- Thay c s tng t gia nh ngha va nh l ve ng trung bnh trong tam giac va
trong hnh thang; s dung tnh chat ng trung bnh cua tam giac e chng minh cac tnh
chat cua ng trung bnh trong hnh thang.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Bang phu , thc thang .
- HS : On bai ng trung bnh cua tam giac, lam cac bai tap ve nha.
- Phng phap : Qui nap, neu van e , hp tac nhom

1/ nh ngha ng trung bnh
cua tam giac.(3)
2/ Phat bieu nh l 1, l 2 ve
ng trbnh cua A. (4)
3/ Cho AABC co E, F la trung
iem cua AB, AC. Tnh EF biet
BC = 15cm. (3)
15
x
F
E
A
B C

- Treo bang phu a ra e
kiem tra. Cho HS oc e
- Goi mot HS
- Kiem tra v bai lam vai
HS
- Theo doi HS lam bai

- Cho HS nhan xet, anh gia
cau tra li va bai lam cau
ban
- Cho HS nhac lai ngha, l 1,
2 ve tb cua tam giac
- HS oc e kiem tra , thang
iem tren bang phu.
- HS c goi len bang tra
li cau hoi va giai bai
toan.
- HS con lai nghe va lam
bai tai cho
- Nhan xet tra li cua
ban, bai lam bang
- HS nhac lai
- T sa sai (neu co)

4. NG TRUNG BNH
CUA HNH THANG
- GV gii thieu trc tiep va
ghi bang: chung ta a hoc ve
tb cua tam giac va t/c cua
no. Trong tiet hoc nay, ta
tiep tuc nghien cu ve tb
cua hthang.
- HS nghe gii thieu, ghi ta
bai vao v
Hoat ong 3 : Tm kien thc mi (11)
2. ng trung bnh cua hnh
thang
a/ nh l 3: (sgk trg 78)
E F
A B
D C

GT hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD)
AE = ED ; EF//AB//CD
KL BF = FC
- Neu ?4 va yeu cau HS
thc hien
- Hay o o dai cac oan
thang BF, CF roi cho biet v
tr cua iem F tren BC
- GV chot lai va neu nh l 3
- HS nhac lai va tom tat GT-
KL
- Gi y chng minh : I co la
trung iem cua AC khong? V
sao? Tng t vi iem F?

- HS thc hien ?4 theo yeu
cau cua GV
- Neu nhan xet: I la trung
iem cua AC ; F la trung
iem cua BC
- Lap lai nh l, ve hnh va
ghi GT-KL
- Chng minh BF = FC bang
cach ve AC cat EF tai I
roi ap dung nh l 1 ve tb
cua A trong AADC va AABC
Tiet : 6
Ngay soan :
10/09/11
Ngay day : 16/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
nh nghia: (Sgk trang 78)
E F
A B
D C

EF la tb cua hthang ABCD
- Cho HS xem tranh ve hnh 38
(sgk) va neu nhan xet v tr
cua 2 iem E va F
- EF la ng trung bnh cua
hthang ABCD vay hay phat
bieu ngha tb cua hnh
thang?
- Xem hnh 38 va nhan xet:
E va F la trung iem cua
AD va BC
- HS phat bieu nh ngha

- HS khac nhan xet, phat
bieu lai (vai lan)
Hoat ong 5 : Tnh chat ng trung bnh hnh thang (15)
b/nh l 4 : (Sgk)
1
1
2
E F
A B
D
C
K

GT hthang ABCD (AB//CD)
AE = EB ; BF = FC
KL EF //AB ; EF //CD
EF =
2
CD AB+

Chng minh (sgk)
- Yeu cau HS nhac lai nh l
2 ve ng trung bnh cua tam
giac
- D oan tnh chat tb cua
hthang? Hay th bang o
ac?
- Co the ket luan c g?
- Cho vai HS phat bieu nhac
lai
- Cho HS ve hnh va ghi GT-
KL Gi y cm: e cm EF//CD,
ta tao ra 1 tam giac co EF la
trung iem cua 2 canh va DC
nam tren canh kia o la
AADK
- GV chot lai va trnh bay
chng minh nh sgk
- Cho HS tm x trong hnh 44 sgk
- HS phat bieu l

- Neu d oan tien hanh
ve, o ac th nghiem
- Rut ra ket luan, phat
bieu thanh nh l
- HS ve hnh va ghi Gt-Kl
- HS trao oi theo nhom
nho sau o ng tai cho
trnh bay phng an cua
mnh .

- HS nghe hieu va ghi cach
chng minh vao v
- HS tm x trong hnh(x=40m)
Bai 23 trang 80 Sgk

Bai 24 trang 80 Sgk

Bai 25 trang 80 Sgk
- Bai 23 trang 80 Sgk
! S dung nh nghia
! S dung nh l 4
! Chng minh EK la ng
trung bnh cua tam giac ADC
! Chng minh KF la ng
trung bnh cua tam giac BCD
- HS nghe hng dan va ghi
chu vao tap

- Xem lai ng trung bnh
cua tam giac

IV :L-u khi s dng gio n
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.....

Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 4.
I/ MUC TIEU:
- Qua luyen tap, giup HS van dung thanh thao nh l ng trung bnh cua hnh thang e giai
c nhng bai tap t n gian en hi kho.
- Ren luyen cho HS cac thao tac t duy phan tch, tong hp qua viec tap luyen phan tch chng
minh cac bai toan.
II/ CHUAN B : :
- GV : Bang phu, compa, thc thang co chia khoang.
- HS : On bai (4) , lam bai nha
- Phng phap : am thoai, gi m

1- Phat bieu ngha ve tb cua
tam giac, cua hthang. (3)
2- Phat bieu l ve tnh chat
cua tb tam giac, tb hthang. (4)
3- Tnh x tren hnh ve sau:(3)
M I
N

P
5dm

K

x
Q
kiem tra. Goi mot HS len
bang
- Kiem bai tap ve nha cua
HS
- Goi HS nhan xet cau tra
li va bai lam bang.
- GV chot lai ve s giong
nhau, khac nhau gia nh
ngha tb tam giac va hnh
thang; gia tnh chat hai hnh
nay
- HS c goi len bang tra
li cau hoi va lam bai
- HS con lai lam vao giay
bai 3
- Nhan xet, gop y bang

- HS nghe e hieu sau sac
hn ve ly thuyet
E
K F
A
B
C D

GT ABCD la hthang (AB//CD)
AE=ED,FB=FC,KB=KD
KL E,K,F thang hang
Giai
EK la ong trung bnh cua
ABD nen EK //AB (1)
Tng t KF // CD (2)
Ma AB // CD (3)
T (1)(2)(3)=>EK//CD,KF//CD
Do o E,K,F thang hang
y
8cm
16cm
x
A
G
H
B
E
C D
F

Ta co: CD la ng trung bnh
cua hnh thang ABFE.
- Goi HS oc e
- Cho mot HS trnh bay giai
- Cho HS nhan xet cach lam
cua ban, sa cho sai neu co
- GV noi nhanh lai cach lam
nh li giai

- GV ve hnh 45 va ghi bai
tap 26 len bang .
- Goi HS neu cach lam

- Cho ca lp lam tai cho,
mot em lam bang

- Cho ca lp nhan xet bai
- HS oc lai e bai 22 sgk
- Mot HS len bang trnh
bay
- Ca lp theo doi, nhan
xet, gop y sa sai
- T sa sai vao v
GT ABCD la hthang (AB//CD)
AE=ED,FB=FC,KB=KD
KL E,K,F thang hang
EK la ong trung bnh cua
ABD nen EK //AB (1)
Tng t KF // CD (2)
Ma AB // CD (3)
T (1)(2)(3)=>EK//CD,KF//CD
Do o E,K,F thang hang
- HS oc e,ve hnh vao
v.
- HS len bang ghi GT- KL
GT AB//CD//EF//GH
AC= CE=EG; BD=DF=FH
KL Tnh x, y
- HS suy ngh, neu cach lam
- Mot HS lam bang, con
lai lam ca nhan tai cho
Tiet :7
Ngay soan :
16/09/11
Ngay day : 21/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
Do o: CE = (AB+EF):2
hay x = (8+16):2 = 12cm
hnh thang CDHG. Do o :
EF = (CD+GH):2
Hay 16 = (12+y):2
=> y = 2.16 12 = 20 (cm)
I
K
E
F
A
B
C D

GT hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD)
AE = ED ; BF = FC
AF cat BD I, cat AC K
AB = 6cm; CD = 10cm
KL AK = KC ; BI = ID
Tnh EI, KF, IK
giai bang

- GV nhan xet, sa sai (neu
co), cham cho iem
- Neu bai tap 28
- Ve hnh, tom tat GT KL?
- Lu y HS cac k hieu tren
hnh ve
! Gi y cho HS phan tch:
a) EF la tb cua hthang
ABCD

EF//DC EF//AB

AE=ED EK//DC EI//AB AE=ED

AK = KC BI = ID
-> Goi mot HS trnh bay bai
giai bang, mot HS trnh
bay mieng
b) Biet AB = 6cm, CD = 10cm
co the tnh c EF? KF? EI?
- GV kiem v bai lam mot
vai HS va nhan xet
- Hay so sanh o dai IK vi
hieu 2 ay hnh thang ABCD?
- HS lp nhan xet, gop y
bai giai bang
- CD la ng trung bnh cua
hnh thang ABFE.
Do o: CE = (AB+EF):2
hay x = (8+16):2 = 12cm
hnh thang CDHG. Do o :
EF = (CD+GH):2
Hay 16 = (12+y):2
=> y = 2.16 12 = 20 (cm)
- HS oc e bai (2 lan)
- Mot HS ve hnh, tom tat
GT-KL len bang, ca lp
thc hien vao v
Tham gia phan tch, tm cach
chng minh.
- Mot HS giai bang, ca
lp lam vao v
a) EF la tb cua hthang
ABCD
nen EF//AB//CD.
Ke EF nen EK//CD va AE =
ED AK = KC (l tb AADC)
Ie EF nen EI//AB va AE=ED
(gt)
BI = ID (l tb ADAB)
b)
EF=(AB+CD)=(6+10)=8cm
EI = AB = 3cm
KF = AB = 3cm
IK=EF(EI+KF)=8(3+3)=2cm
- HS suy ngh, tra li:
IK = (CD AB)
Bai 27 trang 80 Sgk

a) S dung tnh chat ng
trung bnh cua tam giac ABC
b) s dung bat ang thc tam
giac AEFK)
- On tap cac bai toan dng
hnh a hoc lp 6, lp 7

- HS nghe dan
- Ghi nhan vao v
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...............................................................................
..........
Gio n hnh hc 8
6. OI XNG TRUC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha hai iem oi xng vi nhau qua mot ng thang; hieu
c nh ngha ve hai hnh oi xng vi nhau qua mot ng thang; nhan biet c
hai oan thang oi xng vi nhau qua mot ng thang; hieu c nh ngha ve hnh
co truc oi xng va qua o nhan biet c mot hnh thang can la hnh co truc oi
xng.
- HS biet ve iem oi xng vi mot iem cho trc, ve oan thang oi xng vi
oan thang cho trc qua mot ng thang. Biet c/m hai iem oi xng vi nhau qua
mot mot ng thang.
- HS biet nhan ra mot so hnh co truc oi xng trong thc te. Bc au biet ap dung
tnh oi xng truc vao viec ve hnh, gap hnh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Giay ke o vuong, bang phu, thc
- HS : On ng trung trc cua oan thang; hoc va lam bai nha
- Phng phap : Van ap, trc quan

- Hay dng mot goc bang
30
0

A

B C
D

E

- Treo bang phu. Goi mot HS
lam bang va yeu cau cac
HS khac lam vao tap
CAB
- Kiem tra bai tap ve nha cua
HS

- Hoan chnh bai lam, cho iem
- Mot HS len bang trnh bay:
-Cach dng:
+ Dng tam giac eu ABC
+ Dng phan giac cua mot
goc chang han goc A ta c
goc
BAE =30
0

Chng minh:
- Theo cach dng AABC la tam
giac eu nen
CAB= 60
0

- Theo cach dng tia phan giac
AE ta co
BAE =
CAE =
CAB
= 60
0
= 30
0

- HS nhan xet

6. OI
XNG TRUC
- Qua bai toan tren, ta thay:
B va C la hai iem oi xng
vi nhau qua ng thang AE;
Hai oan thang AB va AC la hai
hnh oi xng nhau qua ng
thang AE. Tam giac ABC la hnh
co truc oi xng
- e hieu ro cac khai niem
tren, ta nghien cu bai hoc
hom nay.

- HS nghe gii thieu, e y cac
khai niem mi
- HS ghi ta bai vao tap
Hoat ong 3 : Hai iem oi xng nhau qua mot ng thang (12)
1. Hai iem oi xng
nhau qua mot ng
- Neu ?1 (bang phu co bai - HS thc hanh ?1 :
Tiet : 8
Ngay soan :
16/09/11
Ngay day: 23/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
thang :
a) nh ngha : (Sgk)
d
H
A
A'
B

b) Qui c : (Sgk)
toan kem hnh ve 50 sgk)
- Yeu cau HS thc hanh

- Noi: A la iem oi xng
vi iem A qua ng thang d,
A la iem x vi A qua d => Hai
iem A va A la hai iem oi
xng vi nhau qua ng thang
d. Vay the nao la hai iem x
nhau qua d?
- GV neu qui c nh sgk

- Mot HS len bang ve, con
lai ve vao giay.
- HS nghe, hieu

- HS phat bieu nh ngha hai
iem oi xng vi nau qua
ng thang d
Hoat ong 4 : Hai hnh oi xng qua mot ng thang (10)
2. Hai hnh oi xng qua
mot ng thang:
nh ngha: (sgk)
C B
A
d

A
C
B
Hai oan thang AB va
AB oi xng nhau qua
ng thang d.
d goi la truc oi xng

Lu y: Neu hai oan
thang (goc, tam giac) oi
xng vi nhau qua mot
ng thang th chung
bang nhau.
- Hai hnh H va H khi nao th
c goi la hai hnh oi xng
nhau qua ng thang d?
- Neu bai toan ?2 kem hnh ve
51 cho HS thc hanh
B
A
d
- Noi: iem oi xng vi moi
iem Ce AB eu e ABva
ngc lai Ta noi AB va AB
la hai oan thang oi xng
nhau qua d. Tong quat, the nao
la hai hnh oi xng nhau qua
mot ng thang d?
- Gii thieu truc oi xng cua
hai hnh
- Treo bang phu (hnh 53, 54):
- Hay ch ro tren hnh 53 cac
cap oan thang, ng thang
xng nhau qua d? giai thch?
- GV ch dan tren hnh ve chot
lai
- Neu lu y nh sgk

- HS nghe e phan oan

- Thc hanh ?2 :
- HS len bang ve cac iem
A, B, C va kiem nghiem tren
bang
- Ca lp lam tai cho
- iem C thuoc oan AB
HS neu nh ngha hai hnh oi
xng vi nhau qua ng
thang d

- HS ghi bai

- HS quan sat, suy ng va tra
li:
+ Cac cap oan thang x: AB
va AB, AC va AC, BC va
BC
+ Goc: ABC va ABC,
+ ng thang AC va AC
+ ABC va ABC
Hoat ong 5 : Hnh co truc oi xng (8)
3. Hnh co truc oi xng:
a) nh nghia : (Sgk)
A
ng thang AH
la truc oi xng
cua AABC

B H C

- Treo bang phu ghi san bai
toan va hnh ve cua ?3 cho HS
thc hien.
- Hoi:
+ Hnh x vi canh AB la hnh
nao? oi xng vi canh AC la
hnh nao? oi xng vi canh
BC la hnh nao?
- GV noi cach tm hnh oi xng
cua cac canh va chot lai van
e, neu nh ngha hnh co truc
- Thc hien ?3 :
- Ghi e bai va ve hnh vao
v

- HS tra li : oi xng vi AB
la AC; oi xng vi AC la
AB, oi xng vi BC la chnh
no
- Nghe, hieu va ghi chep bai
- Phat bieu lai nh ngha hnh
co truc oi xng.
Gio n hnh hc 8

b) nh l : (Sgk)
A H B

D K C
ng thang HK la truc oi xng
cua hnh thang can ABCD
oi xng
- Neu ?4 bang bang phu
- GV chot lai: mot hnh H co
the co truc oi xng, co the
khong co truc oi xng
- Hnh thang can co truc oi
xng khong ? o la ng
thang nao?
- GV chot lai va phat bieu nh
l

- HS quan sat hnh ve va tra
li
- HS nghe, hieu va ghi ket luan
cua GV

- HS quan sat hnh, suy ngh va
tra li
- HS nhac lai nh l
Bai 35 trang 87 Sgk

Bai 37 trang 87 Sgk
! Treo bang phu va goi HS len
ve
! Cho HS xem hnh 59 sgk va hoi :
Tm cac hnh co truc oi xng

- HS len ve vao bang

- HS quan sat hnh va tra li :
+ Hnh a co 2 truc oi xng
+ Hnh b co 1 truc oi xng
+ Hnh c co 1 truc oi xng
+ Hnh d co 1 truc oi xng
+ Hnh e co1 truc oi xng
+ Hnh g khong co truc oi
xng
+ Hnh h co 5 truc oi xng
+ Hnh i co 2 truc oi xng
Bai 36 trang 87 Sgk

Bai 38 trang 87 Sgk
Bai 36 trang 87 Sgk
! Hai oan thang oi xng th
bang
Bai 38 trang 87 Sgk
! Xep 2 hnh gap lai vi nhau
- Hoc bai : thuoc cac nh ngha

- HS s dung tnh chat bac cau

- HS lam theo hng dan
.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 6.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Nhan biet hnh co truc oi xng trong thc te . Van dung tnh oi xng truc e ve,
gap hnh
II/ CHUAN B : :
- GV : Compa, thc thang, thc o goc.
- HS : Hoc va lam bai nha, v ghi, Sgk, dung cu HS
- Phng phap : Van ap, gi m

1/ Hai iem goi la oi
xng nhau qua ng
thang d neu .......
2/ Bai 36a trang 87 Sgk
2
3
1
O
x
y
A
C
B

- Treo bang phu. Goi HS len
bang lam. Ca lp cung lam
- Kiem tra bai tap ve nha
cua HS

- Goi HS nhan xet
- GV anh gia cho iem
- HS len bang ien
1/ Hai iem goi la oi xng nhau
qua ng thang d neu d la
ng trung trc noi hai iem
o
2/ Ta co A oi xng vi B qua
Ox
Nen Ox la ng trung trc cua
AB
OA=OB (1)
Tng t Oy la ng trung trc
cua AC
OA=OC (2)
T (1)(2) suy ra OB=OC
- HS khac nhan xe
Bai 36a trang 87 Sgk
Ta co AOB la tam giac
can v OB=OA
Nen Ox la tia phan giac
cua
AOB
Suy ra

2 1 AOB O =
Tng t :

2 3 AOC O =
Vay

AOB AOC + = 2(

1 3 O O + )
=>
0 0

2 2.50 100 BOC xOy = = =
Bai 39 trang 88 Sgk
D
d
A
B
C
E

C oi xng vi A qua d,
Ded
nen AD = CD
AD+DB=CD+DB = CB(1)
Tng t oi vi iem E ta
Bai 36a trang 87 Sgk
- AOB la tam giac g ? V sao
?
- Ma Ox la ng trung trc
cua AB nen ta co ieu g ?
Suy ra ?
- Tng t ta co ieu g ?
- Cong

; AOB AOC ta c g ?
- Ma

AOB AOC + =?,

1 3 O O + =?
- Goi HS len bang trnh bay
- Cho HS nhan xet
Bai 39 trang 88 Sgk
- Goi HS ve hnh. Neu GT- KL
a) C oi xng vi A qua d,
Ded nen ta co ieu g ?
- AD+DB= ?
- Tng t oi vi iem E ta
co ?
- AE+EB=?
- Trong BEC th CB nh the
nao vi CE+EB ?

- AOB la tam giac can v
OB=OA
- Nen Ox la tia phan giac
cua
AOB
- Suy ra

2 1 AOB O =
- Tng t :

2 3 AOC O =
-

AOB AOC + = 2(

1 3 O O + )
-
0 0

2 2.50 100 BOC xOy = = =
- HS len bang trnh bay lai
- HS khac nhan xet

- HS len bang ve hnh, neu GT-
KL
- AD = CD

- AD+DB = CD+DB = CB (1)
- AE = EC
- AE+EB = CE+EB (2)
- CB < CE+EB (3)

Tiet : 9
Ngay soan :
24/09/11
Ngay day: 28/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
co
AE = EC
=> AE+EB = CE+EB (2)
Trong BEC th
CB< CE+EB (3)
T (1)(2)(3) ta co
AD+DB < AE+EB
b) V AE+EB > BC suy ra
AE+EB > AD+DB
Nen con ng ngan nhat
ma tu phai i la i theo
ADB
Bai 40 trang 88 Sgk

a) Co mot truc oi xng
b) Co mot truc oi xng
c) Khong co truc oi
xng
d) Co mot truc oi xng

- T (1)(2)(3) ta co ieu g ?
- Cho HS len bang trnh bay
lai
b) V AE+EB > BC suy ra?
- Nen con ng ngan nhat
ma tu phai i la ?
- Goi HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh

Bai 40 trang 88 Sgk
- Treo bang phu ghi hnh 61

- Cho HS nhan xet
- AD+DB < AE+EB
- HS len bang trnh bay
- AE+EB > AD+DB
- Nen con ng ngan nhat ma
tu phai i la i theo ADB
- HS nhan xet

- HS quan sat va tra li
a) Co mot truc oi xng
b) Co mot truc oi xng
c) Khong co truc oi xng
d) Co mot truc oi xng
- HS khac nhan xet
Bai 41 trang 88 Sgk
a) Neu ba iem thang
hang th ba iem oi xng
vi chung qua mot truc
cung thang hang
b) Hai tam giac oi xng
vi nhau qua mot truc th
co chu vi bang nhau
c) Mot ng tron co vo
so truc oi xng
d) Mot oan thang ch co
mot truc oi xng
Bai 41 trang 88 Sgk
- Cho HS oc va tra li

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV chot lai van e
+ Bat k mot ng knh nao
cung eu la truc oi xng
cua ng tron
+ Mot oan thang co hai truc
oi xng la : ng trung
trc cua no va ng thang
cha oan thang ay
- HS oc e va tra li
a) ung b) ung
c) ung d) Sai
- HS nhan xet
- HS chu y nghe va ghi vao tap
Bai 42 trang 88 Sgk

Bai 42 trang 88 Sgk
! Nhng ch cai ta co the
gap lai e cat se co truc
oi xng
- Ve nha xem Co the em
cha biet va xem trc bai
mi 7.

.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
7. HNH BNH HANH
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha hnh bnh hanh la t giac co cac cap canh oi song song,
nam vng cac tnh chat ve canh oi, goc oi va ng cheo cua hnh bnhn hanh;
nam vng nam dau hieu nhan biet hnh bnh hanh.
- HS da vao tnh chat va dau hieu nhan biet e ve c dang cua mot hnh bnh
hanh, biet chng minh mot t giac la hnh bnh hanh, chng minhn cac oan thang
bang nhau, cac goc bang nhau, hai ng thang song song.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc chia khoang, giay ke o vuong, compa, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve).
- HS : On tap hnh thang, lam bai nha; dung cu: thc thang, compa
- Phng phap : Qui nap, van ap

(on lai kien thc cu co
lien quan en bai hoc mi)
1 - nh ngha hnh thang,
hnh thang vuong, hnh thang
can.
2 - Neu cac tnh chat cua
hnh thang, cua hnh thang
can.
3 - Neu cach chng minh
mot t giac la mot hnh
thang, hnh thang can.
- GV lan lt neu cau hoi
(tng khai niem, tnh chat )
va ch nh tng HS tra li.
Goi HS khac nhan xet trc
khi sang khai niem tiep theo
- GV chot lai bang cach nhac
lai nh ngha va tnh chat cua
hnh thang, hnh thang can co
kem theo hnh ve (bang phu)
- HS ng tai cho tra li
(theo s ch nh cua GV)
- HS khac nhan xet hoac
nhac lai tng khai niem, tnh
chat

- HS nghe e nh lai nh
ngha, tnh chat cua hnh thang

7. HNH BNH
HANH
- Treo bang phu ghi hnh 65 trang
90 Sgk va hoi :
! Khi hai a can nang len va
ha xuong ABCD luon luon la
hnh g
- HS nghe e biet c noi
dung, ten goi cua bai hoc
mi
- HS ghi ta bai
1.nh ngha :

Hnh bnh hanh la t giac
co cac canh oi song song
A B

D C
T giac ABCD AB//CD
la hnh bnh hanh AD//BC
Hnh bnh hanh la hnh
thang co hai canh ben song
song.
- Cho HS lam ?1 bang cach ve
hnh 66 sgk va hoi:
- Cac canh oi cua t giac
ABCD co g ac biet?
- Ngi ta goi t giac nay la
hnh bnh hanh. Vay theo cac
em the nao la mot hnh bnh
hanh?
- GV chot lai nh ngha, ve
hnh va ghi bang
- nh ngha hnh thang va hnh
bnh hanh khac nhau cho
nao?
- GV phan tch e HS phan biet
va thay c hbh la hthang ac
biet
- Thc hien ?1 , tra li:

- T giac ABCD co AB//CD
va AD//BC
- HS neu ra nh ngha hnh
bnh hanh (co the co cac
nh ngha khac nhau)
- HS nhac lai va ghi bai

- Hnh thang = t giac + mot
cap canh oi song song
- Hnh bnh hanh = t giac +
hai cap canh oi song song
Tiet : 10
Ngay soan
:24/09/11
Ngay day: 30/09/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
Hoat ong 4 : Tnh chat (10)
2. Tnh chat :
nh l :
A B A B

1 1

1
O
1
D C D C
GT ABCD la hnh bnh hanh
AC cat BD tai O
KL a) AB = DC ; AD = BC
b)

B D = ;

A C =
c) OA = OC ; OB = OD
Chng minh:

(Sgk trang 91)

- Neu ?2 , Bang cach thc hien
phep o, hay neu nhan xet ve
goc, ve canh, ve ng cheo
cua hnh bnh hanh ?
- Gii thieu nh l Sgk (tr 90)
Hay tom tat GT KL va
chng minh nh l?
! Gi y: hay ke them ng
cheo AC
- Goi HS len bang tien hanh
chng minh tng y
- GV theo doi, giup HS yeu
- Goi HS khac nhan xet, bo
sung bai chng minh bang
- GV chot lai va neu cach
chng minh nh sgk
- Tien hanh o va neu nhan
xet: AB=DC,AD=BC
;

A C = ,

B D = ; AC = BD

- HS oc nh l (2HS oc)
- HS tom tat GT-KL va tien
hanh chng minh (ca lp
cung lam):
a) Hnh bnh hanh ABCD co
AD//BC AD = BC, AB = CD
(tnh chat canh ben hnh thang)
b) AABC = ACDA (c.c.c)

B D =
AADB = ACBD (c.c.c)

A C =
c) AAOB = ACOD (g.c.g)
OA = OC ; OB = OD
Hoat ong 5 : Dau hieu nhan biet hnh bnh hanh (10)
3. Dau hieu nhan biet
hnh bnh hanh:
a) T giac co cac canh
oi song song la hnh bnh
hanh
b) T giac co cac canh
oi bang nhau la hnh bnh
hanh
c) T giac co hai canh oi
song song va bang nhau la
hnh bnh hanh
d) T giac co cac goc
oi bang nhau la hnh bnh
hanh
e) T giac co hai ng
cheo cat nhau tai trung
iem cua moi ng la
hnh bnh hanh
(Sgk trang 91)

- Hay neu cac menh e ao
cua nh l ve tnh chat hbhanh
?
! Lu y HS them t t giac
co
- a ra bang phu gii thieu
cac dau hieu nhan biet mot
t giac la hnh bnh hanh
- Ve hnh len bang, hoi: Neu
t giac ABCD co AB // CD,AB
= CD Em hay chng minh ABCD
la hnh bnh hanh (dau hieu 3)?

- Goi HS khac nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh
- Treo bang phu ghi ?3
- HS oc lai nh l va phat
bieu cac menh e ao cua
nh l

- HS oc (nhieu lan) tng
dau hieu

- HS ng tai cho chng minh
Ta co :
AC canh chung

DAC ACB = (AD//BC)
AD = BC (gt)
Vay AABC = ACDA (c.g.c)
=>

BAC ACD =
Nen : AB//CD
Do o : ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh (t giac co cac canh
oi ssong)
- HS khac nhan xet

- HS lam ?3
a) ABCD la hnh bnh hanh v
co cac canh oi bang nhau
b) EFHG la hnh bnh hanh v
co cac goc oi bang nhau
c) INKM khong phai la hnh
bnh hanh
d) PSGQ la hnh bnh hanh v
co hai ng cheo cat nhau
tai trung iem cua moi
ng
Gio n hnh hc 8
e) VUYX la hnh bnh hanh v
co hai canh oi ssong va
bang nhau
- ABCD , EFGH , MNPQ la
hnh bnh hanh

F
E
C
A
B
D

GT ABCD la hnh bnh hanh
ED=EA ; FB=FC
KL BE=DF
Chng minh
Ta co :
DE//BF (v AD//BC (gt)) (1)
DE=1/2AD; BF=1/2BC
ma AD=BC (gt)
Nen DE=BF (2)
T (1)^(2) suy ra ABCD la
hnh bnh hanh (dau hieu )
- Treo bang phu hnh 71 trang 92

- Goi HS nhan xet
- Goi HS len bang ve hnh, ghi
GT KL
- Muon BE=AD ta phai chng
minh ieu g ?
- T giac BEDF can yeu to
nao la hnh bnh hanh ?
- V sao DE//BF ?
- V sao DE=BF ?

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh bai

- ABCD , EFGH , MNPQ la hnh
bnh hanh
- HS nhan xet

- HS len bang ve hnh,ghi GT-
KL
- Ta phai chng minh BEDF la
hnh bnh hanh
- DE//BF va DE=BF

- V AD//BC (gt)
- V DE= AD ; BF=BC
ma AD=BC (gt)
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS ghi bai


- Treo bang phu ve hnh bai 45
! Chng minh

1 1 B E = (cung
bang

; B D)
- Ve xem lai nh ngha,tnh
chat cac dau hieu nhan biet
hnh bnh hanh

.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 7.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Ren ky nang van dung dau hieu nhan biet hnh bnh bnh hanh e chng minh
t giac la hnh bnh hanh va suy dien them cach chng minh oan thang, goc
bang nhau, 3 iem thang hang, hai ng thang song song.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Bang phu, thc ke, phan mau
- HS : On oi xng truc ; hoc va lam bai nha
- Phng phap : Van ap, hp tac theo nhom

Cho hnh ve
K
H
A B
C D

Cho ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh. AHBD CKBD
Chng minh:
AHD=CKB
- Treo bang phu . Cho HS oc
de
- Goi HS len bang lam
- Ca lp cung lam vao tap
cua HS

- Cho HS nhan xet
- HS oc e
- HS len bang lam bai
Xet AHD va CKB co :
0

90 H K = =
(AHBD,CKBD)
AD=BC (ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh )

ADH KBC = ( v AD//BC)
Vay AHD =CKB ( canh
huyen goc nhon )
- HS nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Bai 47 trang 93 Sgk
O
K
H
A B
C D

GT ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh
AHBD CKBD
OH = OK
KL a) AHCK la hnh bnh
hanh
b) A,O,C thang hang
Chng minh
a) Xet AHD va CKB
co
0

90 H K = = (v HBD
CKBD )
AD=BC (ABCD la hbh )

ADH KBC = ( v AD//BC )
Vay AHD =CKB
( canh huyen goc nhon )
Bai 47 trang 93 Sgk
- Cho HS oc e va phan
tch e bai
- e bai cho ta ieu g ?

- ABCD la hnh bnh hanh
noi len ieu g ?
- e bai yeu cau ieu g ?

- Ta co may dau hieu
chng minh 1 t giac la
hnh bnh hanh ?
- e chng minh AHCK la
hnh bnh hanh ta can dau
hieu nao ?
- Da vao bai lam khi tra
bai ta co ieu g ? T o
suy ra ieu g ?
- Vay ta can them ieu kien

- HS oc e va phan tch
AHBD CKBD OH =
OK
- AB = CD ; AB//CD ; AD =
BC ; AD//BC ;

B D = ;

A C =
- Chng minh AHCK la hnh
bnh hanh .
- Chng minh A,O,C thang
hang
- HS tra li cac dau hieu

- T giac co 1 cap canh
oi va song song va bang
nhau
- AHD =CKB
=> AH = CK
- AH // CK

- AHBD ; CKBD =>
Tiet : 11
Ngay soan :
01/10/11
Ngay day: 05/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
=> AH = CK
Ta co AHBD
CKBD
=>AH//CK(cung//vi BD)
Do o AHCK la hnh bnh
hanh ( 2 canh oi song
song va bang nhau )
b) Ta co AC va HK goi
la ng cheo ( v AHCK
la hnh bnh hanh )
ma O la trung iem cua
HK
Nen O cung la trung
iem cua AC
Do o A,O,C thang hang
Bai 48 trang 93 Sgk

G
F
E
H
A B
C
D

GT T giac ABCD
EB=EA ; FB=FC
GC=GH ; HA=HD
KL EFGH la hnh g ?
Chng minh
- Ta co : EB=EA (gt)
HA=HD (gt)
HE la ng trung
bnh cua ABD
Do o HE // BD
Tng t HE la ng
trung bnh cua CBD
Do o EG// BD
Nen HE // GF (cung // vi
BD)
Chng minh tng t ta co
:
EF // GH
Vay EFGH la hnh bnh
hanh
( 2 cap canh oi song song
)
g th AHCK la hnh bnh hanh
?
- Ta co AHBD ; CKBD =>
?

- Goi HS nhan xet
- e chng minh A,O,C
thang hang ta can chng
minh ieu g ?
- AHCK la hnh bnh hanh th
AC va HK goi la g ?
- Ma O la g cua HK ?
- Do o O la g cua AC ?
- Goi HS nhan xet
Bai 48 trang 93 Sgk
- Cho HS oc e. Ve hnh
neu GT-KL
- Cho HS chia nhom hoat
ong . Thi gian lam bai 5
! Noi BD va AC . Da vao
dau hieu hai cap canh oi
song song . S dung ng
trung bnh cua tam giac

- Nhac nh HS cha tap trung

- Goi ai dien nhom len
trnh bay
- Cac nhom nhan xet
AH//CK
- HS nhan xet
- Ta can chng minh O la
trung iem AC
- AHCK la hnh bnh hanh th
AC va HK goi la ng
cheo
- O la trung iem cua HK
- O cung la trung iem cua
AC
- HS nhan xet

- HS oc e, ve hnh neu
GT-KL
- HS suy ngh ca nhan trc
khi chia 4 nhom
- Ta co : EB=EA (gt)
HA=HD (gt)
HE la ng trung
bnh cua ABD
Do o HE // BD
Tng t HE la ng trung
bnh cua CBD
Do o EG// BD
Nen HE // GF (cung // vi
BD)
Chng minh tng t ta co :
EF // GH
Vay EFGH la hnh bnh
hanh ( 2 cap canh oi song
song )
- ai dien nhom len trnh
bay
- HS nhan xet
1/ Neu ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh th :
a)

A B = b)

B C =
c)

B D = d)

A D =
2/ T giac co la
hnh bnh hanh :
- Treo bang phu . Cho HS oc
de
- Goi HS len bang ien

- HS oc e
- HS len bang
1c 2b 3d

Gio n hnh hc 8
a)

A B = va

B C =
b) AB=CD va AD=BC
c)

B D = va

A D =
d) AB=BC va CD=DA
3/ T giac co la
hnh bnh hanh :
a) AB=CD va AD//BC
b) AC=BD va AB//CD
c) AD=BC va AB//CD
d) AB=CD va AB//CD

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh
- HS nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

Bai 49 trang 93 Sgk

Bai 49 trang 93 Sgk
! a) Chng minh AKIC la hnh
bnh hanh
b) S dung nh l ng
thang i qua trung iem canh
th nhat va song song vi
canh th hai se i qua trung
iem canh th ba
- Xem lai oi xng truc .
Xem trc bai mi 7.
oi xng tam

- Dau hieu t giac co 2
canh oi song song va bang
nhau
- HS ve xem lai nh l
ng trung bnh trong mot
tam giac

.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
8. OI XNG TAM
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha hai iem oi xng tam (oi xng qua mot iem), hai
hnh oi xng tam va khai niem hnh co tam oi xng.
- HS ve c oan thang oi xng vi mot oan thang cho trc qua mot iem
cho trc, biet chng minh hai iem oi xng qua tam, biet nhan ra mot so hnh
co tam oi xng trong thc te.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Bang phu, thc
- Phng phap : Trc quan, van ap, qui nap

1. Neu cac dau hieu
nhan biet mot t giac
la hnh bnh hanh (5)
2. Cho ABC co D,E,F
theo th t lan lt la
trung iem AB,AC,BC
(5)
F
D
E
B
A
C

- Treo bang phu ghi e. Cho
HS oc e
cua HS

- Cho HS nhan xet
- HS oc e

- HS len bang lam
Ta co D la trung iem AB
E la trung iem AC
Suy ra DE la ng trung bnh
cua ABC
Nen DE = BC va DE//BC
Ma BF = BC
Do o DE = BF (cung bang
BC)
DE // BF ( DE//BC)
Vay DEFB la hnh bnh hanh (2
canh oi song song va bang nhau)
- HS nhan xet
- HS sa bai

8. OI XNG
TAM
- tiet hoc trc ta a
nghien cu ve phep oi
xng truc va biet rang: hai
oan thang, hai goc, hai tam
giac oi xng vi nhau qua
mot truc th bang nhau.
- Trong tiet hoc hom nay,
chung ta tm hieu ve hai
iem oi xng qua tam, hai
hnh oi xng qua tam, hnh
co tam oi xng.

- HS nghe gii thieu, e y cac
khai niem mi
- HS ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Hai iem oi xng qua mot iem (10)
1. Hai iem oi xng
qua mot iem :
a) nh ngha : (sgk)

O
A
B

A va A oi xng vi
- Cho HS lam ?1

- Noi: A la iem oi xng
vi iem A qua iem O, A
la iem oi xng vi A
- HS thc hanh ?1
O
A
B

- HS nghe, hieu

Tiet : 12
Ngay soan :
01/10/11
Ngay day: 07/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
nhau qua O
- Hai iem goi la oi
xng nhau qua iem O
neu O la trung iem
cua oan thang noi hai
iem o
b) Qui c : iem oi
xng vi iem O qua
iem O cung la iem O
qua O => Hai iem A va A
la hai iem oi xng vi
nhau qua iem O.
- Vay the nao la hai iem
oi xng nhau qua O ?

- GV neu qui c nh sgk

- HS phat bieu nh ngha hai
iem oi xng vi nhau qua
iem O

- HS ghi bai
Hoat ong 4 : Hai hnh oi xng qua mot iem (10)
2. Hai hnh oi xng
qua mot iem :

O
A B
A' B'
C
C'

Hai oan thang AB va
AB oi xng nhau qua
iem O.
O goi la tam oi xng

nh ngha : Hai hnh goi
la oi xng vi nhau
qua iem O neu moi
iem thuoc hnh nay
oi xng vi mot
iem thuoc hnh kia qua
iem O va ngc lai

Lu y: Neu hai oan
thang (goc, tam giac)
- Hai hnh H va H khi nao th
c goi la hai hnh oi
xng nhau qua iem O ?
- Cho HS la ?2

A
B
O

- Ve iem A oi xng vi
A qua O

- Ve iem B oi xng vi
B qua O

- Lay iem C thuoc oan
thang AB, ve iem C oi
xng vi C qua O

- Dung thc e kiem
nghiem rang iem C thuoc
oan thang AB

- Ta noi AB va AB la hai
oan thang oi xng nhau
qua iem O
- The nao la hai hnh oi
xng nhau qua mot iem?
- Gii thieu tam oi xng
cua hai hnh (o la iem O)
- Treo bang phu (hnh 77,
SGK):
- Hay ch ro tren hnh 77
cac cap oan thang, ng
thang nao oi xng nhau
qua O ? Giai thch ?
- GV ch dan tren hnh ve
chot lai

- HS nghe e phan oan

- HS lam ?2

O
A B
A'

O
A B
A'
B'

O
A B
A' B'
C
C'

O
A B
A' B'
C
C'

- iem C thuoc oan AB

- HS neu nh ngha hai hnh oi
xng vi nhau qua mot iem
- HS ghi bai

- HS quan sat, suy ngh va tra
li:
+ Cac cap oan thang oi
xng : AB va AB, AC va AC,
BC va BC
+ Goc : BAC va BAC,
Gio n hnh hc 8
oi xng vi nhau qua
mot iem th chung
bang nhau.
- Neu lu y nh sgk
- Gii thieu hai hnh H va H
oi xng vi nhau qua tam
O
+ ng thang AC va AC
+ Tam giac ABC va tam giac
ABC
- Quan sat hnh 78, nghe gii thieu
Hoat ong 5 : Hnh co tam oi xng (10)
3. Hnh co tam oi
xng :

a) nh nghia :
iem O goi la tam oi
xng cua hnh H neu
iem oi xng vi
moi iem thuoc hnh H
qua iem O cung thuoc
hnh H

O
C
A
B
D

b) nh l :
Giao iem hai ng
cheo cua hnh bnh hanh
la tam oi xng cau
hnh bnh hanh o

- Cho HS lam ?3
O
C
A
B
D

- Hnh oi xng vi moi
canh cua hnh bnh hanh
ABCD qua O la hnh nao ?
- GV ve them hai iem M
thuoc canh AB cua hnh bnh
hanh
- Yeu cau HS ve M oi
xng vi M qua O
- iem M oi xng vi
iem M iem O cung thuoc
canh hnh bnh hanh.
- Ta noi iem O la tam oi
xng cua hnh bnh hanh
ABCD
- The nao la hnh co tam
oi xng ?
- Cho HS xem lai hnh 79 : hay
tm tam oi xng cua hbh ?
=> l
- Cho HS lam ?4

- GV ket luan trong thc te
co hnh co tam oi xng,
co hnh khong co tam oi
xng
- HS thc hien ?3
- HS ve hnh vao v

- oi xng vi AB qua O la CD
oi xng vi BC qua O la DA

- HS len bang ve

- Nghe, hieu va ghi chep bai

- Phat bieu lai nh ngha hnh
co tam oi xng.
- Tam oi xng cua hnh bnh
hanh la giao iem hai ng
cheo
- HS lam ?4
- HS quan sat hnh ve va tra li
- HS nghe, hieu va ghi ket luan
cua GV
Bai 50 trang 95 SGK
Ve iem A oi xng
vi A qua B, ve iem C
oi xng vi C qua B
B
C
A

Bai 51 trang 96 SGK
Trong mat phang toa o
cho iem H co toa o
Bai 50 trang 95 SGK
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 81
- Goi 2 HS len bang ve hnh

- Goi HS nhan xet
Bai 51 trang 96 SGK
- Treo bang phu ve mat
phang toa o
- Goi HS len bang ve iem

- HS len bang ve hnh
A'
B
C'
C
A

- HS nhan xet

Gio n hnh hc 8
(3;2). Hay ve iem K
oi xng vi H qua goc
toa o va tm toa o
cua K
H
- Cho HS tm iem K
O
x
y

- Cho HS nhan xet
- HS len bang ve iem H
- HS tm toa o iem K
K
H
O 2
x
3
y
-2
-3

- Toa o iem K(-2;-3)
- HS khac nhan xet
Bai 52 trang 96 SGK

Bai 53 trang 96 SGK
Bai 52 trang 96 SGK
! Xem lai tnh chat hnh bnh
hanh
Bai 53 trang 96 SGK
! Chng minh ADME la hnh
bnh hanh
- Hoc bai : thuoc cac nh
ngha, chu y cach dng
iem oi xng qua iem,
hnh oi xng qua iem

- Xem lai dau hieu nhan biet
hnh bnh hanh
- HS ghi nhan vao tap
.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 8.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Van dung kien thc ve tam oi xng e chng minh hai iem , hai hnh oi
xng nhau qua mot iem
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Bang phu, thc ke, phan mau
- Phng phap : Phan tch , am thoai, hp tac nhom

I
D
M
B
A
C
E

Cho hnh ve tren, MD //AB
va ME//AC. Chng minh
rang iem A oi xng vi
iem M qua iem I
- Treo bang phu ghi e
- Goi HS oc e va phan
tch e
- Ca lp cung lam
cua HS

- Cho HS nhan xet

Ta co : MD//AE (v
MD//AB)
ME//AD (v ME//AC)
Vay AEMD la hnh bnh
hanh (cac canh oi song
song)
Ma I la trung iem cua
ED
Nen I cung la trung iem
cua AM
Do o A oi xng vi M
qua I
- HS nhan xet
- HS sa bai (neu sai)
Bai 52 trang 96 SGK
Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD.
Goi E la iem oi xng
vi D qua A, goi F la iem
oi xng vi D qua iem
C. Chng minh rang iem E
oi xng vi iem F qua
iem B
B
D C
A
E
F

GT ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh
AD=AE; CD=CM
KL iem E oi xng vi
Bai 52 trang 96 SGK
- Treo bang phu ghi e bai
- Cho HS oc e va phan
tch e

- e bai hoi ieu g ?

- Yeu cau HS ve hnh neu
GT-KL
- Muon chng minh iem E
oi xng vi iem F qua B
ta phai chng minh ieu g ?
- Ta da vao au e chng
minh B la trung iem cua EF
?

- Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD
E la iem oi xng vi
D qua A
F la iem oi xng vi
D qua C
- Chng minh rang iem E
oi xng vi iem F qua
iem B
- HS ve hnh ghi GT-KL
- Ta phai chng minh B la
trung iem cua EF

- Ta da vao nh l ng
thang i qua trung iem
cua canh th nhat va
song song vi canh th hai
Tiet : 15
Ngay soan :
08/10/11
Ngay day: 15/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
iem F qua B

Chng minh

Ta co : AE = AD (gt)
AB//CD (ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh, gt)
BF = BE
Do o B la trung iem cua
EF
Vay iem E oi xng vi
iem F qua B

Bai 55 trang 96 SGK
Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD, O
la giao iem cua hai ng
cheo. Mot ng thang i
qua O cat cac canh AB va
CD theo th t M va N.
Chng minh rang iem M
oi xng vi iem N qua O
O
N
M
B
D
C
A

Ta co ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh
=> AB//CD va OA= OC
=>

MAO NCO = (so le trong)
Xet NOC va MOA ta
co :
OA = OC (cmt)

1 2 O O = (oi nh)

MAO NCO =
Vay : NOC=MOA(g-c-g)
Suy ra : OM=ON
Nen O la trung iem cua
MN
Do o M oi xng vi
iem N qua O

- Do au ta co ieu o ?

lai

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh bai lam
Bai 55 trang 96 SGK
- Goi HS oc e va phan
tch
- e bai cho ta ieu g ? yeu
cau ieu g ?

- Yeu cau HS len bang ve
hnh ghi GT-KL
- Cho HS chia nhom. Thi
gian lam bai 5

! Muon chng minh OM=ON
ta chng minh
NOC=MOA

- Cho ai dien nhom trnh
bay
- Cho nhom khac nhan xet
se i qua trung iem cua
canh th ba
- Do AE = AD
AB//CD
Ta co : AE = AD (gt)
AB//CD (ABCD la hnh
b.hanh)
BF = BE
Do o B la trung iem
cua EF
Vay iem E oi xng vi
iem F qua B
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e vaphan tch
- e bai cho ABCD la hnh
bnh hanh. O la giao iem
hai ng cheo,
{ }
{ }
MN AB M
MN AC N
=
=
{ } MN AB M =
{ } MN AC N = . Yeu cau
chng minh iem M oi
xng vi iem N qua O
- HS len bang ve hnh va
ghi GT-KL
- HS suy ngh ca nhan
trc khi chia nhom
hanh
=> AB//CD va OA= OC
=>

MAO NCO = (so le trong)
Xet NOC va MOA ta
co :
OA = OC (cmt)

1 2 O O = (oi nh)

MAO NCO =
Vay : NOC=MOA(g-c-
g)
Suy ra : OM=ON
Nen O la trung iem cua
MN
Do o M oi xng vi
iem N qua O
- Nhom khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Gio n hnh hc 8
Cac cau sau ung hay sai ?
a) Tam oi xng cua mot
ng thang la iem bat
k cua ng thang o
b) Trong tam cua mot tam
giac la tam oi xng cua
tam giac o
c) Hai tam giac oi xng
vi nhau qua mot iem th
bang nhau
- Cho HS oc e
- Yeu cau HS ng tai cho
tra li

- Cho HS khac nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh

- HS oc e
- HS tra li
a) ung v ng thang la
vo tan
b) Sai v khi lay oi xng
cac nh cua tam giac th
khong thuoc tam giac
c) ung v khi oi xng
qua mot iem th cac canh
cua hai tam giac bang nhau
nen chu vi bang nhau
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Bai 54 trang 96 SGK

Bai 55 trang 96 SGK

Bai 54 trang 96 SGK
! Chng minh OB=OC(cung
bang vi OA) va B,O,C la
3 iem thang hang
Bai 55 trang 96 SGK
! Da vao nh ngha e
lam bai
- Ve nha xem lai hnh bnh
hanh. Tiet sau em thc
compa e hoc bai 9. Hnh
ch nhat

- HS ghi nhan vao tap

- HS ve xem lai nh ngha
hnh co tam oi xng
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
9. HNH CH NHAT
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha hnh ch nhat, cac tnh chat cua hnh ch nhat; nam
vng cac dau hieu nhan biet hnh ch nhat, tnh chat trung tuyen ng vi canh
huyen cua mot tam giac vuong.
- HS biet ve hnh ch nhat (theo nh ngha va theo tnh chat ac trng cua no),
nhan biet hnh ch nhat theo dau hieu cua no, nhan biet tam giac vuong theo
tnh chat ng trung tuyen thuoc canh huyen, biet cach chng minh t giac la
hnh ch nhat.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc thang, compa, eke; bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve).
- HS : On tap hnh thang, lam bai nha; dung cu: thc thang, compa
- Phng phap : am thoai, qui nap

TG NOI DUNG HOAT ONG
CUA GV
HOAT ONG
CUA HS
PTDH
(5) Hoat ong 1 : Kiem ra bai cu
1/ nh ngha hnh thang
can va cac tnh chat cua
hnh thang can. (3)
- Neu cac dau hieu
nhan biet hnh thang can.
(2)
2/ Phat bieu nh ngha
ve hnh bnh hanh va cac
tnh chat cua hnh bnh
hanh. (3)
- Neu cac dau hieu nhan
beit ve hnh bnh hanh
(2)
- Treo bang phu, neu
cau hoi.
- Goi mot HS len
bang tra li.
- Goi HS khac nhan
xet trc khi sang
khai niem tiep theo

- GV anh gia, cho
iem
- GV chot lai bang
cach nhac lai nh
ngha, tnh chat va
dau hieu nhan biet
hnh thang can, hnh
bnh hanh

- HS len bang tra
li cau hoi
- HS khac nhan xet
hoac nhac lai tng
khai niem, tnh chat

- HS nghe e nh lai
nh ngha, tnh chat ,
dau hieu nhan biet
hnh thang can, hnh
bnh hanh
(1) Hoat ong 2 : Gii thieu bai mi

9. HNH CH
NHAT
- cac tiet hoc
trc, chung ta a
tm hieu ve hnh thang,
hnh thang can, hnh
bnh hanh
- tiet nay chung
ta se tm hieu ve
mot loai hnh va co
tnh chat cua hnh
thang can va co tnh
chat cua hnh bnh
hanh. o la

- HS nghe e hieu
rang t giac can
hoc la lien quan en
cac hnh a hoc.
- Chuan b tam the
vao bai mi
Ghi ta bai
(8) Hoat ong 3 : Hnh thanh nh ngha
1. nh ngha :

- T giac co 4 goc
bang nhau th moi
- HS suy ngh tra li:
Mot t giac co

Tiet : 16
Ngay soan :
08/10/11
Ngay day: 14/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
Hnh ch nhat la t
giac co bon goc vuong

A B

D C
T giac ABCD la hnh
ch nhat

0

90 A B C D = = = =

T nh ngha hnh ch
nhat ta suy ra hnh ch
nhat cung la hnh bnh
hanh, cung la mot hnh
thang can.
goc bang bao nhieu
o? V sao?

- GV chot lai: T
giac co 4 goc vuong
la hnh ch nhat=>
nh ngha hnh ch
nhat?
- Phat bieu nh
ngha,ghi bang
- Cho HS lam ?1

- T
0

90 ; 13 A B C D = = ?1
ta rut ra c nhan
xet g ?
tong bon goc bang
360
0
. neu cac goc
bang nhau th moi
goc bang 360
0
: 4 =
90
0

- HS suy ngh, phat
bieu
- Phat bieu nhac lai,
ghi vao v
- Thc hien ?1 , tra
li:
Ta co : ADDC
(ABCD la hcn)
BCDC
(ABCD la hcn)
=> AD//BC (cung
vuong goc vi CD)
Tng t : AB//CD
Vay : ABCD la hnh
bnh hanh (cac canh
oi song song)
Ta co AB//CD (cmt)
Nen ABCD la hnh
thang
Ma
0

90 D C = =
Do o ABCD la hnh
thang can
- HS rut ra nhan xet
(5) Hoat ong 4 : Tm tnh chat
2. Tnh chat :

- Hnh ch nhat co tat
ca tnh chat cua hnh bnh
hanh va hnh thang can

Trong hnh ch nhat, hai
ng cheo bang nhau va
cat nhau tai trung iem
cua moi ng.
- Hnh ch nhat va
la hnh thang can,
va la hnh bnh hanh
. Vay em co the cho
biet hnh ch nhat
co nhng tnh chat
nao?
- GV chot lai: Hnh
ch nhat co tat ca
cac tnh chat cua hnh
bnh hanh va hnh
thang can
- T tnh chat cua
hnh thang can va hnh
bnh hanh ta co tnh
chat ac trng cua
hnh ch nhat nh the
nao ?
- HS suy ngh, tra
li:
Tnh chat hnh thang
can : Hai ng cheo
bang nhau.
Tnh chat hnh bnh
hanh :
+ Cac canh oi
bang nhau.
+ Cac goc oi bang
nhau.
+ Hai ng cheo
cat nhau tai trung
iem moi ng
- HS nhac lai tnh
chat hnh ch nhat,
ghi bai
(9) Hoat ong 5 : Dau hieu nhan biet hnh ch nhat
hnh ch nhat :
(sgk trang 91)
- a ra bang phu
gii thieu cac dau
hieu nhan biet mot
- HS ghi nhan cac
dau hieu vao v

Gio n hnh hc 8
A B

D C
GT ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh
AC = BD
KL ABCD la hnh ch
nhat
Chng minh

hanh Nen AB//CD

; A C B D = = (1)
Ta co AB//CD, AC = BD
(gt) Nen ABCD la hnh
thang can

; A B C D = = (2)
T (1)va(2)
0

90 A B C D = = = =
Vay ABCD la hnh ch
nhat
t giac la hnh ch
nhat.
- ay thc chat la
cac nh l, moi nh
l co phan GT-KL
cua no. Ve nha hay
t ghi GT-KL va
chng minh cac dau
hieu nay. ay, ta
chng minh dau hieu
4.
- Hay viet GT-KL
cua dau hieu 4 ?
- Muon chng minh
ABCD la hnh ch
nhat ta ta phai cm g?
- Gia thiet ABCD la
hnh bnh hanh cho ta
biet g?
- Gia thiet hai ng
cheo AC va BD bang
nhau cho ta biet them
ieu g?
- Ket hp GT, ta co
ket luan g ve t
giac ABCD ?
- GV chot lai va ghi
phan chng minh len
bang

- HS oc (nhieu lan)
tng dau hieu

- HS ghi GT-KL cua
dau hieu 4

HS suy ngh tra li:
ta phai chng minh
0

90 A B C D = = = =
- Cac canh oi song
song, cac goc oi
bang nhau
- Ket luan c
ABCD la hnh thang
can

- Ket hp ta suy ra
c ABCD co 4 goc
bang nhau
- HS ghi bai

(9) Hoat ong 7 : Ap dung
4. Ap dung vao tam giac
vuong :

nh l :
1. Trong tam giac vuong,
ng trung tuyen ng
vi canh huyen bang na
canh hyen .

- Treo bang phu ve
hnh 86 len bang. Cho
HS la ?3
- Lan lt neu tng
cau hoi

- Cho HS tham gia nhan
xet
- GV chot lai van e
- HS quan sat suy ngh

Tra li cau hoi
a) T giac ABCD co
2 ng cheo cat
nhau tai trung iem
moi ng nen la
hnh bnh hanh
Hnh bnh hanh ABCD
co
0
90 A = nen la
hnh ch nhat
b) ABCD la hnh ch
nhat
Nen AD = BC
Ma AM = AD
AM = BC
c) T o ta co the
phat bieu:
Trong tam giac vuong
ng trung tuyen
ng vi canh huyen
Gio n hnh hc 8

2. Neu mot tam giac co
ng trung tuyen ng
vi mot canh bang na
canh ay th tam giac o la
tam giac vuong.

- Treo bang phu ve
hnh 87 len bang . Cho
HS lam ?4
- Lan lt neu tng
cau hoi

- Cho HS tham gia nhan
xet
- GV chot lai van e

bang na canh
huyen.
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS quan sat suy ngh
- HS quan sat, tra li
tai cho :
a) ABCD la hnh ch
nhat v la hnh bnh
hanh co hai ng
cheo bang nhau
b) Tam giac ABC
vuong tai A
c) Neu mot tam giac
co ng trung tuyen
ng vi mot canh
bang na canh ay th
tam giac o la tam
giac vuong.
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS ghi nh l va
nhac lai
(5) Hoat ong 8 : Cung co
Bai 58 trang 99 SGK
ien vao o trong. Biet
rang a,b la o dai cac
canh; d la o dai ng
cheo hnh ch nhat
a 5
13
b 12
6

d
10
7
- Treo bang phu. Goi
HS oc e sau o cho
HS len bang ien
vao o trong

- Cho HS khac nhan
xet
- HS oc e
- HS len bang ien
vao o trong
a 5 2
13
b 12
6
6
d 13
10
7
- HS khac nhan xet
(3) Hoat ong 9 : Dan do
Bai 59 trang 99 SGK

Bai 60 trang 99 SGK

Bai 61trang 99 SGK
- Tiet sau Luyen
tap 9
- HS ve xem lai bai
oi xng tam
- HS ve xem lai nh
l 1
- HS ve xem lai cach
chng minh mot t
giac la hnh ch
nhat

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 9.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co phan ly thuyet a hoc ve nh ngha, tnh chat cua hnh ch nhat,
cac dau hieu nhan biet ve hnh ch nhat, tnh chat cua ng trung tuyen ng vi
canh huyen cua tam giac vuong, dau hieu nhan biet mot tam giac vuong theo o dai
trung tuyen ng vi mot canh bang na canh ay.
- Ren luyen ky nang chng minh hnh hoc : Chng minh mot t giac la mot
hnh ch nhat.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu.
- HS : Hoc ly thuyet hnh ch nhat, lam bai tap ve nha.
- Phng phap : Van ap , hp tac nhom .

1/ Phat bieu nh ngha, tnh
chat cua hnh ch nhat. (4)
2/ Cac cau sau ung hay sai
:(6)
a) Hnh thang can co mot
goc vuong la hnh ch nhat.
b) Hnh bnh hanh co mot
goc vuong la hnh ch nhat.
c) T giac co hai ng
cheo bang nhau la hnh ch
nhat.
d) Hnh bnh hanh co hai
ng cheo bang nhau la
hnh ch nhat.
e) T giac co ba goc vuong
la hcn
f) Hnh thang co hai ng
cheo bang nhau la hnh ch
nhat.
- Goi mot HS len bang
- Ca lp cung lam
- Kiem tra v bai tap vai
HS

- Cho HS nhan xet cau tra
li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
- GV nhac lai nh ngha,
tnh chat cua hnh ch
nhat va giai thch ro s
ung, sai cua tng cau
trong cau 2
- HS oc yeu cau e kiem
tra
va lam bai (co the ve hnh
e giai thch s ung sai
cua moi cau)
1/ Phat bieu nh SGK trang
97
2/ Cac cau ung : a), b), d),
e)
Cac cau sai: c), f)
- Tham gia nhan xet cau tra
li va bai lam tren bang
- T sa sai (neu co)

Bai 63 trang 100 SGK
Tm x trong cac hnh sau :
10
x
15
13
H
A B
D C

GT ABCD la hnh thang
vuong
AB = 10; BC = 13; CD = 15
KL Tnh AD = ?
Ta co :
0

90 A D H = = =
Nen ABCD la hnh ch nhat
- Yeu cau HS phan tch e

- e bai yeu cau tm ieu
g ?
- Yeu cau HS neu GT-KL
- Hng dan ke BHCD
- T giac ABHD la hnh g
?
V sao ?
- T o ta co ieu g ?
- Muon tnh AD ta phai tnh

- HS quan sat hnh ve
- HS phan tch e
- ABCD la hnh thang vuong
AB = 10 ; BC = 13 ; CD = 15
- Tm AD
- HS len bang neu GT-KL
- HS ve theo hng dan cua
GV
- ABHD la hnh ch nhat v
co 3 goc vuong
- AB = DH = 10 ; AD = BH
- Muon tnh AD ta phai tnh
c oan BH
Tiet : 17
Ngay soan :
15/10/11
Ngay day: 19/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
Suy ra : AB = DH = 10 ; AD =
BH
Do o : HC = DC DH
= 15 10 = 5
Ap dung nh l Phytharo vao
BCH :
BC
2
= BH
2
+ HC
2

BH
2
= BC
2
HC
2

BH
2
= 13
2
5
2

BH
2
= 169 25 = 144
BH =12
=> AD = 12

T giac ABCD co hai ng
cheo vuong goc nhau . Goi E,
F, G , H theo th t la trung
iem cua cac canh AB, BC,
CD, DA. T giac EFGH la
hnh g ? V sao ?

F
G
H
E
A
C
B
D

GT T giac ABCD ; ACBD
EA = EB ; FB = FC
GC = GD ; HA = HD
KL T giac EFGH la hnh g
?
V sao ?
Chng minh
Ta co : E la trung iem AB
(gt)
F la trung iem BC (gt)
Nen : EF la ng trung bnh
cua ABC
=> EF // AC va EF = AC
Tng t : HG la ng trung
bnh cuaADC
=> HG // AC va HG = AC
Do o : HG // EF va HG = EF
Nen : EFGH la hnh bnh
hanh (co 2 canh oi ssong
va bg nhau)
Ta lai co : EF // AC (cmt)
ACBD (gt)
=> EFBD
oan nao ?
- Muon tnh c BH ta
phai lam sao ?
- Trong tam giac vuong
BHC ta biet c o dai
may oan ?
- Ap dung nh l Phytharo
ta co ieu g ?

- Vay AD bang ?
- Goi HS len bang trnh
bay

- e bai yeu cau ieu g ?
- Hng dan ve hnh
- D oan EFGH la hnh g
?
- Khi noi ti trung iem th
ta lien he en ieu g a
hoc ?
- EF la g cua ABC ?
- Ta suy ra ieu g ?
- Tng t oi vi HG
- Ta suy ra ieu g ?
- T hai ieu tren ta co
ieu g?
- Vay EFGH la hnh g ?
- EFGH con thieu ieu
kien g e la hnh ch
nhat ?
- Ta co EF // AC va
ACBD th suy ra c ieu
g ?
- Ma EH nh the nao vi
BD ?
- Ta suy ra ieu g ?
- Nen goc HEF bang ?
- Vay hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh g ?
- Cho HS chia nhom . Thi
gian lam bai 5
- Cho ai dien nhom len
bang trnh bay
- Ta da vao nh l Phytharo
vao tam giac vuong BHC
- BC = 13
HC = DC DH = 15 -10 =5
BC
2
= BH
2
+ HC
2

BH
2
= BC
2
HC
2

BH
2
= 13
2
5
2

BH
2
= 169 25 = 144
BH =12
- AD = 12
- HS len bang trnh bay lai
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

- ACBD . E, F, G , H theo
th t la trung iem cua
cac canh AB, BC, CD, DA.
- EFGH la hnh g ? V sao ?
- HS ve hnh theo hng dan
- HS neu GT-KL
- EFGH la hnh ch nhat
- Khi noi en trung iem ta
lien he en ng trung bnh
- EF la g trung bnh cua
ABC
- EF // AC va EF = AC
- HG la g trung bnh
cuaADC
- HG // AC va HG = AC
- HG // EF va HG = EF
- EFGH la hnh bnh hanh
- Thieu 1 goc vuong

- EFBD

- EH // BD
=> EFEH
-
0
90 HEF =
- Hnh bnh hanh EFGH la
hnh ch nhat
- HS suy ngh ca nhan sau o
chia 4 nhom hoat ong
- ai dien nhom len bang
trnh bay
- HS nhom khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Gio n hnh hc 8
Ma EH // BD (EH la ng
trung bnh cua ABD)
=> EFEH
=>
0
90 HEF =
Vay : Hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh ch nhat (co 1 goc
vuong)
- Cho HS nhom khac nhan
xet
Trac nghiem :
1/ T giac co 3 goc vuong la hnh g ?
a) Hnh ch nhat b) Hnh thang can
c) Hnh bnh hanh d) Tat ca eu
ung
2/ Chon cau ung
a) Hnh bnh hanh co hai canh ke bang
nhau
b) Hnh thang can co hai canh ay bang
nhau
c) Hnh thang co 1 goc vuong
d) Tat ca eu ung
3/ GHK la tam giac g ?
3 3
3
L
H
G
K

a) Tam giac can b) Tam giac
vuong
c) Tam giac thng d) Tat ca eu
sai
- Cho HS len bang chon

- GV hoan chnh bai
lam

- HS oc e
- HS len bang chon
cau ung nhat
1d 2b 3b
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao
tap



! Goi O la trung iem AB
a) Da vao ng trung
tuyen ng vi canh huyen
b) ng trung tuyen ng
vi 1 canh va bang
canh o
! Tnh so o

ADH DAH + =
90
0
cua A AHD
0
90 AHD =
. Tng t cho cac ABFC;
AAGB
AECD

- Xem lai phan ap dung vao
tam giac bai hnh ch
nhat

- Da vao hai goc ke 1 canh
cau hnh bnh hanh th bu
nhau
- Tong ba goc trong 1 tam
giac th bang 180
0

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
10. NG THANG SONG SONG
VI MOT NG THANG CHO TRC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS hieu c cac khai niem: Khoang cach t mot iem en mot ng
thang, khoang cach gia hai ng thang song song, cac ng thang song
song cach eu; hieu c tnh chat cua cac iem cach eu mot ng thang
cho trc; nam vng noi dung hai nh l ve cac ng thang song song cach
eu.
- HS biet cach ve cac ng thang song song cach eu theo mot khoang cach
cho trc bang cach phoi hp hai eke; van dung cac nh l ve ng thang
song song cach eu e chng minh cac oan thang bang nhau.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc thang, eke, compa, phan mau, bang phu.
- HS : On hnh bnh hanh, hnh ch nhat; lam bai tap nha.
- Phng phap : Qui nap am thoai , hp tac nhom

a A B

b
H K
Cho a//b. Goi A, B la 2 iem
bat k thuoc a. ke AH va BK
cung vuong goc vi b
a) Chng minh t giac ABKH
la hnh ch nhat
b) Tnh BK, biet AH = 2cm
- Treo bang phu a ghi e
bai
- Goi HS len bang , ca
lp cung lam vao tap
HS

li va bai lam bang
- GV hoan chnh va anh
gia cho iem
- HS oc yeu cau e
kiem tra
- Mot HS len bang tra
li va lam bai
a) Ta co AB//HK (v a//b)
AH//BK (cung b)
Nen ABHK la hnh bnh
hanh (co cac canh oi
song song)
Ma AH b =>
0
90 H =
Vay hnh bnh hanh ABKH
la hnh ch nhat
b) BK = AH = 2cm (canh
oi hnh ch nhat)
- HS tham gia nhan xet
cau tra li va bai lam
tren bang
- HS sa bai vao tap

10. NG THANG SONG
SONG VI MOT NG
THANG CHO TRC
Chung ta a biet khoang
cach t mot iem en
mot ng thang cho
trc(lp 7). Mot cau
hoi at ra la : Cac iem
cach ng thang d mot
khoang bang h nam tren
ng nao ?

- Hs chu y nghe va ghi
ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Khoang cach gia hai ng thang song song (5)
1. Khoang cach gia hai
ng thang song song :

- T bai toan tren hay
cho biet : Neu iem A e a
co khoang cach en b
HS suy ngh tra li: t
bai toan tren cho ta ket
luan khoang cach t B
Tiet : 18
Ngay soan :
15/10/10
Ngay day: 21/11/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
a A B
h
b
H
h la khoang cach gia hai
ng thang song song a va b
nh ngha: (SGK trang 101)
bang h th khoang cach t
iem B e a en b bang ?
- Ta co the rut ra nhan
xet g?

- Ta noi h la khoang cach
gia hai ng thang song
song a va b.
- Ta co nh ngha
en a cung bang h

- Moi iem thuoc ng
thang a cach ng
thang b mot khoang bang
h. Moi iem thuoc ng
thang b cung cach ng
thang a mot khoang bang
h.
- HS nhac lai nh ngha
Hoat ong 4 : Tnh chat cua cac eu mot ng thang cho trc (15)
2. Tnh chat cua cac eu
mot ng thang cho trc :
b
h
h
h
h
(II)
(I)
a
M
M'
A
H
A'
H'
K
K'

- Tnh chat: (SGK trang101)
- Nhan xet: (SGK trang
101)
A A

2 2

B H C H

- Ve hnh 94 len bang
- Cho HS thc hanh ?2
gian lam bai la 5
- Goi HS tra li

- T o ta co ket luan g?
=> Gii thieu tnh chat
sgk.
- Treo tranh ve hnh 95
- Cho HS thc hanh tiep ?3
- Goi HS lam

- GV chot lai van e:
nhng iem nam tren hai
ng thang a va a song
song vi b cach b mot
khoang la h th co khoang
cach en b la h. Ngc
lai
- Ta co nhan xet ?

- HS oc e ?2
- HS suy ngh ca nhan sau
o chia nhom thao luan
- ng tai cho phat bieu
cach lam :
AH // MK va AH = MK suy
ra AMKH la hnh bnh
hanh. Vay AM // b. M e
a
Chng minh tng t ta co
Me a
- HS oc tnh chat SGK
p.101
- HS oc ?3 SGK
- Theo tnh chat tren, nh
A nam tren 2 ng
thang song song vi BC,
cach BC mot khoang 2cm
- HS oc nhan xet sgk
p.101
Hoat ong 5 : ng thang song song cach eu (10)
3. ng thang song song
cach eu :
a A a//b//c//d
b B AB= BC =
c C CD
d D a,b,c,d
ssong cach eu

a A E
b B F
c C G
d D H
a)
- GV ve hnh 96a len bang
- Gii thieu khai niem
cac ng thang song song
cach eu (ghi tom tat len
bang)
- Cho HS lam ?4
gian lam bai 5. Yeu cau :
a) Neu a//b//c//d va AB =
BC = CD th EF = EG = GH.

b) Neu a//b//c//d va EF = FG
= GH th AB = BC = CD.
- HS quan sat, nhan xet:
a//b//c//d va AB = BC = CD
- Ve hnh vao v, ghi bai
- HS nhac lai nh ngha
- HS oc bai toan ?4
- Thc hanh theo 2 nhom
(moi nhom mot cau a
hoac b)
a) Hnh thang AEGC co AB
= BC va AE//BF//CG. Nen
EF = FG.
Chng minh tng t : FG
= GH
b) Hnh thang AEGC co EF
= FG va AE//BF//CG, nen
Gio n hnh hc 8
a//b//c//d
GT AB = BC = CD
KL EF = FG = GH
nh l 1: (SGK trang 102)
b)
a//b//c//d
GT EF = FG = GH
KL AB = BC = CD
nh l 2 : (SGK trang 102)

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh bai
chng minh - Chot lai
bang cach a ra hai nh l

+ Lu y HS : Cac nh l
ve ng trung bnh cua
tam giac, cua hnh thang la
cac trng hp ac biet
cua nh l nay.
AB = BC
chng minh tng t : BC =
CD
- HS khac nhan xet

- Phat bieu nh l nh sgk

- HS nghe va lu y
Bai 69 SGK trang 103
Ghep moi y (1), (2), (3), (4) vi mot trong cac y
(5), (6), (7), (8) e c mot khang nh ung
(1) Tap hp cac iem cach iem A co nh mot
khoang 3 cm
(2) Tap hp cac iem cach eu hai au cua oan
thang AB co nh
(3) Tap hp cac iem nam trong goc xOy va cach
eu hai canh cua goc o
(4) Tap hp cac iem cach eu ng thang a co
nh mot khoang 3cm
(5) La ng trung trc cua oan thang AB
(6) La hai ng thang song song vi a va cach a mot
khoang 3cm
(7) La ng tron tam A ban knh 3 cm
(8) La tia phan giac cua goc xOy
Bai 69 SGK trang
103
- Treo bang phu
ghi bai 69
- Goi HS ghep
tng cau

- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh
cho HS

- HS oc e
bai 69

- HS len bang
ghep tng cau
(1) va
(2) va
(3) va
(4) va
- HS khac nhan
xet
- HS sa bai
vao tap



! S dung tnh chat ng
thang song song cach eu
! Ke AH d va CK d .
Chng minh AHB=AKC
=> CK = AH = 2cm
- Ve xem lai kien thc va
hoc e tiet sau Luyen tap
10.

- Xem lai tnh chat ng
thang song song cach eu

- Da vao 2 iem oi xng
nhau
qua 1 iem

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................
LUYEN TAP 10.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co cac khai niem khoang cach t mot iem en mot ng thang,
khoang cach gia hai ng thang song song, on lai cac bai toan c ban ve tap hp
iem.
Tiet : 19
Ngay soan :
22/10/11
Ngay day: 28/10/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
- Lam quen bc au cach giai cac bai toan ve tm tap hp iem co tnh chat
nao o (bai toan qu tch) khong yeu cau chng minh phan ao.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc, eke, compa, bang phu, phan mau.
- HS : On kien thc 10, lam bai tap ve nha.
- Phng an to chc : am thoai, phan tch .

Hoat ong 1: Kiem tra bai cu (8)
1. Phat bieu nh ngha ve
khoang cach gia hai
ng thang song song. (3)
2. Phat bieu ve tnh chat
cua cac iem cach eu
mot ng thang cho
trc. (2)
3. Cho CC//DD//EB va AC
= CD = DE. Chng minh
AC= CD= DB (5)
D' C'
A
B
E
C
D

kiem tra
- Ca lp cung lam bai
cua HS
- Hng dan :
(1) Van dung nh l tb
cua tam giac va cua hnh
thang
(2) Ap dung nh l ng
thang song song cach
eu)
- Cho HS nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh va cho
iem
Chot lai cac noi dung chnh
cua bai
- HS oc yeu cau e kiem tra
lam
1/ HS phat bieu SGK trang 101
2/ HS phat bieu SGK trang 101
3/ Ta co CC//DD//EB (gt)
AC = CD = DE (gt)
Nen CC, DD BE la cac
ng thang song song cach
eu
Do o AC = C D = DB
- HS khac nhan xet
- T sa sai (neu co)
Cho tam giac ABC vuong
tai A. Lay M la mot iem
bat k thuoc canh BC. Goi
MD la ng vuong goc
ke t M en AB, ME la
ng vuong goc ke t
M en AC, O la trung iem
cua DE
H
O
E
D
B
A
C
M

AABC (A = 90
0
)
GT M e BC
MD AB, ME AC
O la trung iem cua
DE
a) A, O, M thang hang
- Cho HS oc e bai, ve
hnh va tom tat GT-KL
a) Muon A, O, M thang
hang ta can chng minh
ieu g ?
- e O la trung iem cua
AM ta can lam g ?
- Cho HS hp tac nhom e
lam cau a . Thi gian lam
bai la 5
- Goi mot HS giai bang

- Cho ca lp nhan xet
bang
- GV hoan chnh bai giai

- HS oc e bai, ve hnh, ghi
GT-KL

- O la trung iem cua AM

- Ta can chng minh ADME la
hnh ch nhat
chia nhom hoat ong
a) Ta co
0

90 A D E = = = (gt)
T giac ADME la hnh ch
nhat (co 3 goc vuong) .
Ma O la trung iem cua
ng cheo DE
Nen O cung la trung iem
cua ng cheo AM.
Do o A, O, M thang hang.
- HS sa bai vao tap

b)
Gio n hnh hc 8
KL b) Khi M di chuyen th
O
di chuyen tren ng
nao
c) Tm M tren BC
eAM
ngan nhat.

Bai tap tng t
Cho tam giac ABC. Ke
ng cao BD va CE. H la
trc tam cua tam giac .
Goi M, N, P theo theo th
t la trung iem cua cac
oan thang BC,DE, AH.
Chng minh M,N,P thang
hang
cua HS hoac ghi li giai
tom tat
b) Hng dan :
- Goi P la trung iem AB
=> ?
- Goi Q la trung iem AC
=> ?
=> ieu g ?
- Khi M di chuyen th di
chuyen tren ng nao ?
c) ng vuong goc va
ng xien ng nao
ngan hn ?
- AH la ng g ?

- AM la ng g ?
- Nen ta co ieu g ?
- Vay AM nho nhat khi
nao ?
- Luc o M v tr nao ?
- Goi HS len bang trnh
bay
- Cho HS tham gia nhan xet
- GV sa sai cho cac em
hoac trnh bay nhanh li
giai mau cac cau a, b, c
ghi san tren bang phu
- OP // BM (OP la ng trung
bnh )
- OQ// MC (OQ la ng trung
bnh)
- O thuoc ng trung bnh PQ
- Khi M di chuyen th O di
chuyen tren ng trung bnh
PQ
c) ng vuong goc ngan hn
ng xien
- AH la ng vuong goc ke
t A en BC
- AM la ng xien ke t A
en BC
- AM>AH
- AM = AH
- M trung vi H
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap


! Ap dung nh l ong
trung tuyen ng vi canh
huyen
! Ap dung tnh chat cua
iem cach eu mot ng
thang cho trc
- Xem lai bai hnh bnh
hanh e tiet sau hoc bai
11.Hnh thoi

- Xem lai nh l ng trung
tuyen ng vi canh huyen

- Xem lai tnh chat cua iem
cach eu mot ng thang
cho trc

- Xem lai bai hnh bnh hanh

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
11. HNH THOI
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha, tnh chat cua hnh thoi, hai tnh chat ac trng cua hnh thoi (hai
ng cheo vuong goc va la cac ng phan giac cua cac goc cua hnh thoi), nam c
bon dau hieu nhan biet hnh thoi.
- HS biet da vao hai tnh chat ac trng e ve hnh thoi, nhan biet c t giac la hnh
thoi theo dau hieu cua no.
II/ CHUAN B :
- HS: On tap hnh bnh hanh, lam bai nha; dung cu: thc thang, compa
- Phng phap : Van ap, qui nap

1- nh ngha hnh bnh hanh
va cac tnh chat cua hnh
bnh hanh. (5)
2- Neu cac dau hieu nhan
biet ve hnh bnh hanh (5)
- Treo bang phu, neu cau
hoi.
- Goi mot HS len bang tra
li.
- Goi HS khac nhan xet
- GV anh gia, cho iem
GV chot lai bang cach
nhac lai nh ngha, tnh
chat va dau hieu nhan
biet hnh bnh hanh

- HS len bang tra li cau
hoi
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS nghe e nh lai nh
ngha, tnh chat , dau hieu
nhan biet hnh bnh hanh

11. HNH THOI

- Chung ta a hoc ve hnh
bnh hanh. o la t giac
co cac canh oi song song.
Ta cung a hoc ve hnh
bnh hanh ac biet co 4
goc vuong. o la hnh
ch nhat. tiet nay
chung ta se tm hieu ve
mot loai hnh ac biet
na. o la hnh thoi.

- HS nghe e hieu rang t
giac can hoc la lien quan
en cac hnh a hoc.
- HS ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : nh ngha (5)
1/ nh ngha :
Hnh thoi la t giac co
bon canh bang nhau.
B
A C

D
T giac ABCD la hnh thoi
AB = BC = CD = DA

* Hnh thoi cung la mot
hnh bnh hanh.
- GV ve hnh 100 len bang
, hoi:
- T giac ABCD co g ac
biet?

- ay la mot hnh thoi.
Hay cho biet the nao la
mot hnh thoi?
- Ghi bang tom tat nh
ngha va giai thch tnh
chat hai chieu cua nh
ngha
- HS quan sat hnh ve, tra
li:
- Co bon canh bang nhau
AB = BC = CD = DA.
- HS neu nh ngha hnh thoi

- oc ?1, suy ngh va tra li
:
- ABCD co cac canh oi
bang nhau nen cung la hnh
Tiet : 20
Ngay soan :
30/10/11
Ngay day: 04/11/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
GV giai thch: T giac
ABCD co AB = CD va AD
= BC nen ABCD cung la
hnh bnh hanh
bnh hanh
Hoat ong 4 : Tnh chat (12)
2/ Tnh chat :
Hnh thoi co tat ca cac tnh
chat cua hnh bnh hanh
A
B
D
C

nh l:
Trong hnh thoi:
a) Hai ng cheo vuong
goc vi nhau.
b) Hai ng cheo la cac
ng phan giac cua cac
goc cua hnh thoi.

Gt ABCD la hnh thoi
a) AC BD
Kl b) AC la pgiac cua goc
A
BD la pgiac cua
goc B
CA la pgiac cua
goc C
DB la pgiac cua
goc D

Chng minh (sgk)
- Ve hnh thoi ABCD
- Hnh thoi cung la hnh
bnh hanh nen co tat ca
tnh chat cua hnh bnh
hanh.

- Ngoai nhng tnh chat
tren, hnh thoi con co tnh
chat nao khac?

- o chnh la hai tnh chat
ac trng cua hnh thoi,
c the hien trong nh l
di ay, va ta se chng
minh nh l o.
- Ghi bang (hoac dung
bang phu) noi dung nh l.
- Hay tom tat GT-KL va
chng minh nh l?
- T gia thiet ABCD la
hnh thoi, co the rut ra
ieu g?
- Em nao co the chng
minh c AC BD va BD
la phan giac cua goc B?

- Goi mot HS chng minh
bang
- GV chot lai cach lam

- Tnh chat hnh bnh hanh :
+ Cac canh oi bang nhau.
+ Cac goc oi bang nhau.
+ Hai ng cheo cat nhau
tai trung iem moi ng
- HS suy ngh

- Thc hien ?2 : HS tra li
tai cho
a) Hai ng cheo cat nhau
tai trung iem cua moi
ng.
b) AC BD
AC la phan giac goc A; CA
la phan giac goc C; BD la
phan giac goc B
HS nhac lai nh l, ghi bai

- Mot HS chng minh
bang:

- ABCD la hnh thoi nen ta co
AB = BC = CD = DA
- T o suy ra AABC can tai
B
OA = OC (t/c cheo hbh)
BO la trung tuyen cung la
ng cao Vay BD AC
va BD la phan giac goc B
- Chng minh tng t cho
cac trng hp con lai
Hoat ong 5 : Dau hieu nhan biet hnh ch nhat (12)
hnh thoi :
(SGK trang 105)
A
B
D
C

GT ABCD la hnh bnh
hanh
AC BD
- a ra bang phu gii
thieu cac dau hieu nhan
biet mot t giac la hnh
thoi.
- ay thc chat la cac
nh l, moi nh l co
phan GT va KL cua no.
Ve nha hay t ghi GT-KL
va chng minh cac dau
hieu nay. ay, ta
chng minh dau hieu 3.
- Viet GT-KL cua dau

- HS ghi nhan cac dau hieu
nhan biet hnh thoi vao v
- HS oc (nhieu lan) tng
dau hieu

- HS ghi GT-KL cua dau hieu
3
Gio n hnh hc 8
KL ABCD la hnh thoi

hieu 3?
- Muon chng minh ABCD
la thoi ta ta phai chng
minh g?
- Gia thiet ABCD la hnh
bnh hanh cho ta biet g?
- Gia thiet hai ng cheo
AC va BD vuong goc vi
nhau cho ta biet them ieu
g?

- Ta co ket luan g ve t
giac ABCD?
GV chot lai ngan gon
phan chng minh bon canh
bang nhau.
- HS suy ngh tra li: ta phai
chng minh AB = BC = CD =
DA

Nen OA = OC, OB = OD.
- Ket luan c bon tam
giac vuong OAB, OBC, OCD,
ODA bang nhau suy ra AB =
BC = CD = DA.
- Vay ABCD la hnh thoi.

Tm cac hnh thoi tren hnh
102
a)
A B
C D

b)
E F
G
H

c)
K
M
N
I

d)
P
R
Q
S

e)
A
D
C
B

Trac nghiem :
1/ T giac co cac canh
- Treo bang phu ve hnh
120
- Trong cac hnh sau hnh
nao la hnh thoi ? Giai
thch ?


- Goi HS len bang chon

- HS quan sat hnh
a) ABCD la hnh thoi v co
cac canh bang nhau
b) EFGH la hnh thoi v hnh
bnh hanh co ng cheo la
ng phan giac cua mot
goc
c) IKMN la hnh thoi v hnh
bnh hanh co hai ng cheo
vuong goc
d) PQRS khong phai la hnh
thoi v khong phai la hnh
bnh hanh
e) ABCD la hnh thoi v hnh
bnh hanh co hai ng cheo
vuong goc
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e bai
- HS len bang chon
Gio n hnh hc 8
oi bang nhau la hnh thoi :
a) ung b) Sai
2/ Trong cac cau sau cau
nao sai :
a) Hnh bnh hanh co hai
ng cheo bang nhau la
hnh thoi
b) Hnh bnh hanh co hai
ng cheo vuong goc la
hnh thoi
c) Hnh bnh hanh co mot
ng cheo la ng
phan giac cua mot goc
la hnh thoi
d) Cau b va c ung
3/ Hnh thoi co :
a) Hai ng cheo vuong
goc
b) Co 4 goc vuong
c) Hai ng cheo bang
nhau
d) Tat ca eu sai
1b 2 a 3c
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap





! Ap dung dnh l
Phythagore
! T giac co 4 canh bang
nhau la hnh thoi
! Hnh bnh hanh co mot
goc vuong

- Xem lai nh l Phythaore

hnh thoi

hnh ch nhat

- Xem lai oi xng tam oi
xng truc

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Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 11
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Van dung kien thc ve hnh thoi e tnh toan, chng minh, ng dung thc te
- Ren luyen k nang chng minh va trnh bay bai toan chng minh hnh hoc
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu, phan mau.
- HS : Hoc ly thuyet hnh bnh hanh, hnh ch nhat, hnh thoi, hnh vuong; lam bai
tap ve nha.
- Phng phap : am thoai, qui nap, hp tac nhom.

1) Phat bieu nh ngha
hnh thoi ? (2)
2) Tm hnh thoi trong cac
hnh (8)
a)
b)
c)
d)

Treo bang phu ghi e
- Cho HS len bang lam bai
cua HS

- HS oc e bai
a) Phat bieu SGK trang 104
b) Hnh a la hnh thoi v co 4
canh bang nhau
Hnh c la hnh thoi v co hai
ng cheo vuong goac
va cat nhau tai trung iem
cua moi ng
Hnh b,d khong phai la hnh
thoi
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
1/ Hai ng cheo cua
mot hnh thoi bang 8cm va
10 cm . Canh cua hnh thoi
bang gia tr nao trong cac
gia tr sau :
a) 6cm b) 41cm
c) 164 cm d) 9 cm
2/ Hnh thoi co canh bang
4cm , mot ng cheo
bang 6cm, tnh ng cheo
con lai
a) 6cm b) 5cm
- HS len bang chon

- HS oc e bai
- HS len bang chon
1) b 2) d
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

Tiet : 21
Ngay soan :
04/11/11
Ngay day: 09/11/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
c) 8 cm d) 10 cm
Chng minh rang cac trung
iem cua 4 canh cua mot
hnh ch nhat la cac nh
cua mot hnh thoi

Chng minh rang cac trung
iem cua 4 canh cua mot
hnh thoi la cac nh cua
mot hnh ch nhat

- Cho HS oc e bai
- Cho HS phan tch e ?

- Cho HS len bang ve hnh ,
neu GT-KL

- Muon GHIK la hnh thoi th ta
can chng minh ieu g ?
- Muon chn minh GHIK la
hnh bnh hanh ta lam sao ?

- Muon GH= GK ta phai lam
sao ?

- Cho HS oc e bai
- Cho HS phan tch e ?

- Cho HS len bang ve hnh ,
neu GT-KL

- Cho HS chia nhom hoat
ong. Thi gian lam bai la
5
- Nhac nh HS cha tap trung

- HS oc e bai
- e cho hnh ch nhat va
trung iem cua 4 canh hnh
ch nhat
- e hoi : chng minh 4
nh o tao thanh hnh thoi
- HS len bang ve hnh ,
neu GT-KL
K
H
I
G A
B
D C

- Ta can chng minh GHIK
la hnh bnh hanh va
GH=GK
- Ta co GK la ng trung
bnh cua AABC => GK =
AC va GK//AC
Tng t : HI la ng
trung bnh cua AADC => HI
= AC va HI//AC
Vay : GHIK la hnh bnh
hanh (co hai canh oi va
// va =)
- Ta lai co GH= BD (GH
la ng trung bnh cua
AABD)
ma GK = AC va BD =
AC(ng cheo hnh ch
nhat )
Nen : GH = GK
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e bai
- e cho hnh thoi va trung
iem cua 4 canh hnh thoi
- e hoi : chng minh 4
nh o tao thanh hnh
ch nhat
- HS len bang ve hnh ,
neu GT-KL

F E
H G
A
C
B
D

- HS suy ngh ca nhan sau
Gio n hnh hc 8

- Cho ai dien nhom len
bang trnh bay
xet
o chia nhom lam
Ta co EA = EB(gt) ; FB =
FC(gt)
=> EF la ng trung bnh
cua AABC => EF//AC va
EF = AC
Tng t : HG la ng
trung bnh cua AADC
=> HG//AC va HG= AC
Vay : EFGH la hnh bnh
hanh (co hai canh oi va
// va =)
Ta lai co HE//BD (HE la
ng trung bnh cua
AABD
BDAC(ng cheo hnh
thoi)
EF//AC(cmt)
Nen : EFHE => H

EF = 90
0

- Vay hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh ch nhat( co 1
goc vuong)
trnh bay
- HS sa bai vao tap

! S dung tnh chat cua hnh
thoi
- HS ve xem lai l thuyet hnh
ch nhat, hnh thoi e tiet sau
hoc bai mi
12. HNH VUONG

- HS ve xem lai tnh chat
cua hnh thoi

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Gio n hnh hc 8
12. HNH VUONG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha, tnh chat cua hnh vuong, thay c hnh vuong la
dang ac biet cua hnh ch nhat co cac canh bang nhau, la dang ac biet cua
hnh thoi co 4 goc bang nhau. Hieu c noi dung cua cac dau hieu (gia thiet,
ket luan).
- HS biet ve hnh vuong, nhan biet c t giac la hnh vuong theo dau hieu
nhan biet cua no, biet van dung kien thc ve hnh vuong trong cac bai toan
chng minh hnh hoc, tnh toan va trong thc te.
II/ CHUAN B :
- HS : On tap hnh ch nhat, hnh thoi, lam bai nha; dung cu: thc thang,
compa
- Phng phap : Van ap Qui nap Hoat ong ca nhan, hoat ong nhom.

TG NOI DUNG HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA
HS
PTDH
5 Hoat ong 1 : Kiem ra bai cu May
Tnh

en
chieu

Thc
thang
1- nh ngha hnh thoi
va cac tnh chat cua
hnh thoi . (4)
2- Neu cac dau hieu
nhan biet ve thoi (4)
3- Cho hnh ch nhat
ABCD. Goi E,F,G,H la
trung iem cua cac
canh AB, BC, CD, DA.
Chng minh t giac
EFGH la hnh thoi
A E
B

H
F

D G
C
Treo bang phu, neu
cau hoi. Goi mot HS
len bang tra li.

- Goi HS khac nhan
xet
- GV hoan chnh va cho
iem
GV chot lai bang cach
nhac lai nh ngha, tnh
chat va dau hieu nhan
biet hnh thoi (va hnh
ch nhat)
HS len bang tra li
cau hoi va lam bai
bang (ca lp lang
nghe lam cau 3 vao
v)
Cau 3: T tnh chat
cua hnh ch nhat va
GT, ta co: AE = EB =
CG = GD va AH = HD
= CF =FB. Do o 4 tam
giac vuong AHE, BFE,
CFG va DGH bang
nhau (cgc). Suy ra HE =
EF = FG = GH. Vay
EFGH la hnh thoi
(ngha)
- HS nhan xet cau tra
li

HS nghe e nh lai
nh ngha, tnh chat ,
dau hieu nhan biet
hnh ch nhat, hnh
thoi
2 Hoat ong 2 : Gii thieu bai mi

12. HNH VUONG

- Chung ta a hoc ve
hnh ch nhat, hnh thoi,
tm hieu tnh chat cua
moi hnh.
- tiet nay chung ta
se tm hieu ve mot t
- HS nghe e hieu
rang t giac can hoc
la lien quan en cac
hnh a hoc.
- HS ghi ta bai
Tiet : 22
Ngay soan :
04/11/11
Ngay day: 11/11/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
giac co ay u tnh
chat cua hnh ch nhat
va hnh thoi. o la hnh
vuong.
10 Hoat ong 3 : Hnh thanh nh ngha
1) nh ngha :
(SGK trang 107)

A B
C
D

T giac ABCD la
hnh vuong A = B =
C = D = 90
0

AB = BC = CD =
DA.
T nh ngha hnh
vuong ta suy ra:
* Hnh vuong la hnh
ch nhat co bon
canh bang nhau.
* Hnh vuong la hnh
thoi co bon goc
vuong.
Hnh vuong va la
hnh ch nhat, va la
hnh thoi.
- GV ve hnh vuong
ABCD len bang va
hoi:
- T giac ABCD co g
ac biet?
ay la mot hnh
vuong. Hay cho biet
the nao la mot hnh
vuong?
- GV chot lai, neu nh
nghia va ghi bang
GV hoi:
- nh ngha hnh ch
nhat va hnh vuong
giong nhau va khac
nhau iem nao?
- nh ngha hnh thoi va
hnh vuong giong va
khac nhau iem
nao?
- GV chot lai va ghi
bang cac nh nghia
khac cua hnh vuong
- HS quan sat hnh ve,
tra li: Co bon canh
bang nhau AB = BC =
CD = DA, bon goc
bang nhau va bang
90
0

- HS neu nh ngha
hnh vuong

- Nhac lai nh nghia,
ve hnh va ghi bai
vao v

HS tra li:
- Giong : co bon goc
vuong
Khac : hnh vuong
co them k bon canh
bang nhau
- Giong : bon canh
bang nhau
Khac : hvuong
co them k co bon
goc vuong.
- HS nhac lai va ghi
vao v.

10 Hoat ong 4 : Tm tnh chat
2) Tnh chat :
- Hnh vuong co tat
ca cac tnh chat cua
hnh ch nhat va hnh
thoi
- Hai ng cheo cua
hnh vuong th bang
nhau va vuong goc
vi nhau tai trung
iem cua moi ng.
Moi ng cheo la
mot ng phan giac
cua cac goc oi.
Nh vay hnh vuong co
nhng tnh chat g?

- - Hay ke ra cac tnh
chat cua hnh vuong?
- T o em co the
nhan ra tnh chat ac
trng cua ng cheo
hnh vuong la g
khong?
- GV chot lai, ghi bang
tnh chat hnh vuong.
- HS suy ngh tra li:
co tat ca nhng tnh
chat cua hnh ch
nhat va hnh thoi
- HS ke cac tnh chat
t hnh ch nhat va
hnh thoi
- HS ket hp tnh chat
ve ng cheo cua
hai hnh ch nhat va
hnh thoi e suy ra
- HS nhac lai va ghi
bai
10 Hoat ong 5 : Tm dau hieu nhan biet hnh vuong
3) Dau hieu nhan
biet :
(SGKtrang 107)
1. Hnh ch nhat co hai
- a ra bang phu gii
thieu cac dau hieu
nhan biet mot t giac
la hnh vuong. Hoi:

- HS ghi nhan cac dau
hieu nhan biet hnh
vuong vao v
Gio n hnh hc 8
canh ke bang nhau la
hnh vuong.
2. Hnh ch nhat co hai
ng cheo vuong
goc la hnh vuong.
3. Hnh ch nhat co
mot ng cheo la
phan giac cua mot
goc la hnh vuong.
4. Hnh thoi co mot goc
vuong la hnh vuong.
5. Hnh thoi co hai
ng cheo bang nhau
la hnh vuong.

Nhan xet: Mot t
giac va la hnh ch
nhat, va la hnh thoi
th t giac o la hnh
vuong.
- Cac cau tren ay
ung hay sai? V sao?

- GV chot lai va giai
thch mot vai dau hieu
lam mau
- Cac cau khac co the
chng minh tng t.
Ve nha, hoc bai hay
t ghi GT-KL va chng
minh cac dau hieu
nay.

- Qua cac dau hieu
nhan biet ta co nhan
xet g?
- Gii thieu nhan xet
- Treo bang phu hnh ve
105.
- Cho HS lam ?2
- HS oc (nhieu lan)
tng dau hieu, suy
ngh va tra li
1. Hcn co 2 canh ke
bang nhau bon canh
hcn nay bang nhau
nen la mot hnh
vuong.
2. Hcn them 2cheo
vuong goc bon tam
giac vuong can chung
nh bang nhau
4canh hcn nay bang
nhau. Vay no la hnh
vuong
HS suy ngh tra li

- HS ghi vao v
va tra li tng
trng hp (hnh a,c,d)
6 Hoat ong 5 : Cung co
Hay ch ro tam oi
xng cua hnh vuong ,
cac truc oi xng
cua hnh vuong

- Cho HS ng tai cho
tra li

- GV hoan chnh cau
tra li

- HS oc e bai
- HS ng tai cho tra
li
- Giao iem hai ng
cheo cua hnh vuong
la tam oi xng cua
no
- Hai ng trung trc
cua hai canh lien tiep
cua hnh vuong la hai
truc oi xng cua no
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

2 Hoat ong 6 : Dan do



! Ap dung nh l
Phythaore
! Dung dau hieu nhan
biet

- Xem lai nh l
phytharore

- Xem lai dau hieu
nhan biet

Gio n hnh hc 8
! Chng minh 4 tam giac
bang nhau => 4 canh
bang nhau
Chng minh goc HEF =
90
0
- Xem lai nh ngha, tnh
chat, dau hieu nhan
biet hnh vuong
- Xem lai cach chng
minh hai tam giac bang
nhau

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Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 12
I/ MUC TIEU :
- On tap, cung co lai tnh chat va cac dau hieu nhan biet ve hnh bnh hanh,
hnh ch nhat, hnh thoi hnh vuong (chu yeu la ve hnh thoi, hnh vuong).
- Ren luyen cach lap luan trong chng minh, cach trnh bay li giai mot bai
toan chng minh, cach trnh bay li giai mot bai toan xac nh hnh dang cua
mot t giac; ren luyen cach ve hnh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc, eke, compa, bang phu, phan mau.
- HS : Hoc ly thuyet hnh bnh hanh, hnh ch nhat, hnh thoi, hnh vuong; lam bai
tap ve nha.

TG NOI DUNG HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA
HS
PTDH
7 Hoat ong 1 : Kiem tra bai cu May
Tnh

en
chieu

Thc
thang
1. Neu cac dau hieu
nhan biet hnh vuong.
(5)
2. Cho hnh vuong
ABCD, co AE = BF = CG
= DH. Chng minh
EFGH la hnh vuong.

A B
C
D
E
G
F
H

kiem tra
- Ca lp cung theo doi
- Kiem tra v bai tap
vai HS

- Cho HS nhan xet
- anh gia cho iem
- GV nhac lai nh
ngha, tnh chat cua
hnh vuong va noi lai
cach giai cau 2 cho HS
nam
- HS oc yeu cau e
kiem tra
- Mot HS len bang tra
li va lam bai, ca
lp lam vao nhap
(co the ve hnh e
giai thch s ung sai
cua moi cau)
Cau 2: Theo gia thiet,
bon tam giac vuong
AHE, BEF, CFG, DHG
bang nhau (cgc)
EF = FG = GH = HE
va H
1
+ E
1
= E
1
+ E
2
=
1v
HEF = 1v. Vay EFGH
la hvuong
32 Hoat ong 2 : Luyen tap
A

B D C

Gt: AABC, D e BC
DE//AB ; DF//AC
Kl: AEDF la hnh g? V
sao?
Vtr D e AEDF la
hthoi
AEDF la h`g neu
- Cho HS oc e bai,
ve hnh va tom tat
GT-KL
- Neu hng giai cau
a?
- Goi mot HS giai
bang cau a
va hoan chnh bang
- Neu yeu cau cau b.
Cho HS suy ngh va tra
li tai cho (ta xet dau
hieu nao?)

- HS oc e bai, tom
tat Gt-Kl va ve hnh
(mot HS lam bang)
- ng tai cho neu
cach giai
- Mot HS lam bang,
ca lp lam vao v
cau a:
DE//AB; DF//AC
DE//AF, DF//AE
AEDF la hnh bhanh
- Suy ngh va tra li:
AD phai la phan giac
Tiet : 23
Ngay soan :
04/11/11
Ngay day: 12/11/11
E F
Gio n hnh hc 8
A= 1v.
V tr D e AEDF la
hvg
(Giai)


A E B

M N

D F C

GT hcn ABCD; AB = 2AD
AE = EB; DF = FC
AF cat DE tai M; CE
cat
BF tai N
KL ADFE la hnh g ? v
sao
EMFN la hnh g? V
sao

- Neu yeu cau cau c?
GV yeu cau HS hp
tac lam bai theo
nhom. ai dien nhom
trnh bay tren bang
phu
Nhan xet, sa sai,
hoan chnh bai giai
cho HS
- Cho HS oc e bai 85,
ve hnh va tom tat Gt-
Kl
- Cho HS quan sat hnh
ve va giai cau a
- Cho mot HS trnh bay
bang (GV kiem v
bai lam mot vai HS)
- Neu yeu cau cau b?
cho HS tra li tai cho
la hnh g ?
- Sau o cho HS hp tac
giai theo nhom, ai
dien nhom trnh bay
tren bang phu
- Theo doi cac nhom
lam viec, gi y, giup
khi can.
- Cho cac nhom trnh
bay, nhan xet, sa sai
cheo
- Trnh bay lai bai giai
cua A. Vay D la giao
diem cua tia phan
giac A vi BC th hbh
AEDF la hnh thoi.
- HS hp tac nhom e
giai cau c :
- A = 1v th hbh AEDF
la hcnhat
- Neu D la giao iem
cua tia phan giac goc
A vi BC th hcn AEDF
co ng cheo AD la
pgiac la hnh vuong.

- HS oc e bai, ve
hnh, ghi Gt-Kl
- HS lam viec ca
nhan cau a :
AE//DF va AE = DF
AEFD la hbh. Hbh
AEFD co A = 1v nen
la hcn, lai co AD = AE
= AB nen la hnh
vuong.
- Hp tac nhom giai
cau b :
T giac DEBF co
EB//DF, EB = DF nen
la hbh, do o DE//BF.
Tng t AF//EC. Suy ra
EMFN la hbhanh.
ADFE la hvuong (cau
a) nen ME = MF va ME
MF. Hnh bhanh
EMFN co M = 1v nen
la hcn, lai co ME = MF
nen la hvuong.

- HS sa bai vao v
5 Hoat ong 3 : Cung co
Trac nghiem :
1/ T giac co 4 canh
bang nhau va mot goc
vuong la hnh :
a) Hnh thoi b) HCN
c) HBH d) Hnh
vuong
2/ T giac co 4 canh
bang nhau va hai ng
cheo bang nhau la hnh
:
- Cho HS len bang chon
- Ca lp cung lam
- Cho HS khac nhan
xet
- GV hoan chnh bai
lam
- HS oc e bai
- HS len bang chon
1d 2d 3d
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Gio n hnh hc 8
a) Hnh thoi b) HCN
c) HBH d) Hnh
vuong
3/ T giac co 4 goc
bang nhau va hai ng
cheo vuong goc la
hnh :
a) Hnh thoi b) HCN
c) HBH d) Hnh
vuong
1 Hoat ong 4 : Dan do
- Ve xem lai l thuyet
va soan cac cau hoi
on chng
- Tiet sau chung ta
ON TAP CHNG I
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Gio n hnh hc 8
ON TAP CHNG I
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS c he thong lai cac kien thc c ban ve cac t giac a hoc trong
chng (nh ngha, tnh chat, dau hieu nhan biet).
- Giup HS thay c moi quan he gia cac t giac a hoc, gop phan ren
luyen t duy bien chng cho HS.
- HS c van dung cac kien thc c ban e giai bai tap co dang tnh toan,
chng minh, nhan biet hnh va ieu kien cua hnh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu (ve san hnh 79 sGV).
- HS : On tap kien thc chng I, tra li cau hoi sgk (trang 110), lam bai tap 88
sgk trg111.
- Phng phap : Van ap, hp tac nhom

Hoat ong 1 : On tap l thuyet (15)
1. nh ngha ve cac t
giac :
2canh oi // la
hthang
cac canh oi // la
hbh
Tgiac co 4goc vuong la
hcn
4canh bnhau la hthoi
4goc v^g va 4canh =
nhau la hvuong
2. Tnh chat cua cac t
giac :
(bang phu)
cac loai t giac :
(bang phu hnh 79 sGV)
- Nhac lai cac nh ngha
ve hnh thang, hnh thang
vuong, hnh thang can, hnh
bnh hanh, hnh ch nhat,
hnh thoi, hnh vuong?
- GV nhac lai nh ngha
nh sgk
Viet lai nh ngha theo s
o tom tat len bang
- Hay neu ra cac tnh chat
ve goc, canh, ng
cheo cua cac hnh?
- Neu dau hieu nhan biet
hnh thang can,hnh bnh
hanh,hnh ch nhat, hnh
thoi, hnh vuong?

- HS lan lt neu nh ngha
cac hnh

- HS ghi bai

- HS lan lt neu tnh chat cac
hnh
- Kiem tra lai qua bang phu cua
GV

Hoat ong 2 : Luyen tap ()
Cho t giac ABCD . Goi E,
F, G, H theo th t la trung
iem cua AB,BC,CD,DA.
Cac ng cheo AC,BD
cua t giac ABCD co
ieu kien g th EFGH la :
a) Hnh ch nhat ?
b) Hnh thoi ?
c) Hnh vuong ?

- Goi HS len bang ve hnh

- Yeu cau HS phan tch e

- Muon EFGH la hnh ch

- HS oc e bai
F
G
H
E
A
B
C D

- e bai cho ABCD la t
giac, E;F;G;H lan lt la trung
iem cua AB;BC;CD;DA.
- e hoi : ieu kien cua cac
ng cheo AC va BD e
EFGH la hnh ch nhat; hnh
Tiet : 24
Ngay soan :
12/11/10
Ngay day: 18/11/10
Gio n hnh hc 8

Cho tam giac ABC vuong
tai A, ng trung tuyen
AM. Goi D la trung iem
cua AB, E la iem oi
xng vi M qua D
a) Chng minh rang iem E
oi xng vi iem M qua
AB
b) Cac t giac AEMC ,
AEBM la hnh g ? V sao ?

nhat hnh thoi th ta can
ieu g ?
- Goi HS len bang chng
minh
EFGH la hnh bnh hanh

- Muon hnh bnh hanh
EFGH la hnh ch nhat ta
can g?
- Khi o th AC va BD nh
the nao ? Giai thch ?
- Vay ieu kien e AC
va BD la g th hnh bnh
hanh EFGH la hnh ch
nhat?
- Cho HS chia nhom lam
cau b ,c. Thi gian lam
bai la 3
- Nhac nh HS cha tap
trung

- Cho ai dien nhom trnh
bay
xet
- Cho HS phan tch e bai

- Cho HS len bang ve hnh
thoi; hnh vuong
- Ta can chng minh EFGH la
hnh bnh hanh
- HS len bang lam
Ta co E la trung iem AB (gt)
F la trung iem BC (gt)
=> EF la ng trung bnh cua
tam giac ABC
Nen : EF//AC va EF= AC (1)
Tng t : HG la ng trung
bnh cua tam giac ADC
Nen : HG// AC va HG= AC
(2)
T (1) va (2) => EFGH la hnh
bnh hanh (co 2 canh oi va
song song va bang nhau)
- HS khac nhan xet
- Muon hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh ch nhat ta can
HEEF
- Khi o th : ACBD v
HE//BD; EF//AC
- Muon hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh ch nhat th ACBD

chia nhom 1+2 lam cau b ;
nhom 3+4 lam cau c
b) Muon hnh bnh hanh EFGH
la hnh thoi th AC = BD v EF=
AC
HE= BD
c) Muon EFGH la hnh vuong
th EFGH phai la hnh ch
nhat va hnh thoi khi o
AC=BD va ACBD
trnh bay
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e bai
- e cho tam giac ABC vuong
tai A, trung tuyen AM, DB=DA,
E la iem oi xng vi M
qua D
- e hoi : a) Chng minh rang
iem E oi xng vi iem M
qua AB
b) Cac t giac AEMC , AEBM
la hnh g ? V sao ?
Gio n hnh hc 8

- Cho HS len bang neu
GT-KL
- Muon chng minh E oi
xng vi M qua AB ta
phai chng minh ieu g ?
- Muon AB la trung trc
cua EM ta can ieu g ?
- Cho HS len bang chng
minh
- Cac t giac AEMC ,
AEBM la hnh g ? V sao ?

A
E
D
M
B C

- Ta phai chng minh AB la
trung trc cua EM

- Ta can chng minh ABEM
va D la trung iem cua EM
- HS len bang chng minh
- T giac AEMC la hnh bnh
hanh v EM//AC(MD//AC)
EM=AC(cung bang 2DM)
- T giac AEBM la hnh thoi
v
EM va BA la hai ng cheo
cat nhau tai trung iem cua
moi ng nen AEBM la
hnh bnh hanh va EMAB
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Hoat ong 4 : Dan do ()
Bai 89c,d trang 111 SGK Bai 89c,d trang 111 SGK
! Chu vi cua tam giac EBM
= 4.BM . Dau hieu nhan
biet hnh vuong
- Ve xem lai l thuyet va
cac bai tap a giai e
tiet sau lam kiem tra 1
tiet


- HS ve nha xem lai l thuyet
va cac bai tap a giai
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
KIEM TRA CHNG I
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Qua bai kiem tra, anh gia mc o tiep thu va ky nang van dung cac kien
thc cua chng I cua cac oi tng HS.
- Phan loai oi tng HS e co ke hoach bo sung, ieu chnh phng phap day
mot cach hp l
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : e kiem tra (A, B)
- HS : On tap kien thc chng I.
- Phng phap : HS t lc ca nhan
III/ E KIEM TRA :
1) On nh :
Kiem tra s so
2) Phat e kiem tra cho HS :
I/ Trac nghiem : (3) Moi cau 0.5 iem
Cau 1 : Cho hnh vuong canh dai 2m, th o dai ng cheo hnh vuong la:
a) 4m b) 2 m c) 2 2 m d) Ket qua khac
Cau 2 : Hai iem M va N c goi la oi xng nhau qua O neu :
a) O la iem nam gia cua oan thang MN b) OM = ON
c) O la trung iem cua oan thang MN d) Tat ca eu sai.
Cau 3 : Trong hnh thang, ng trung bnh cua hnh thang th:
a) Bang na ay ln cua hnh thang b) Song song vi hai ay cua hnh thang
c) Bang na tong hai ay cua hnh thang d) Ca b va c ung
Cau 4 : Chieu dai va chieu rong cua mot hnh ch nhat tang len 2 lan th :
a) Dien tch tang 2 lan. b) Dien tch tang 4 lan
c) Dien tch tang 8 lan d) Dien tch khong tang khong giam
Cau 5 : Trong cac cau sau, cau nao sai:
a) T giac co hai ng cheo vuong goc vi nhau tai trung iem cua moi
ng la hnh thoi
b) Hnh thoi la t giac co tat ca cac canh bang nhau.
c) Hnh ch nhat co hai ng cheo bang nhau la hnh vuong.
d) Hnh ch nhat co hai ng cheo vuong goc la hnh vuong.
Cau 6 : Trong cac cau sau cau nao ung: Co hnh bnh hanh ABCD thoa:
a) Tat ca cac goc eu nhon. b) A nhon con B
tu
c) B
va C
eu nhon. d) A = 90
0
con B
nhon
II/ T luan : (7)
1) Neu nh ngha hnh vuong ? Neu ieu kien e hnh ch nhat
thanh hnh vuong (2.5)
2) Cho AABC can tai A, ng trung tuyen AI. Goi M la trung iem
cua AC, N la iem oi xng vi I qua M.
a) Ve hnh, ghi u gia thiet va ket luan. (1)
b) Chng minh t giac AICN la hnh ch nhat. (2)
c) Tm ieu kien cua AABC e t giac AICN la hnh vuong.(1)
3) Theo doi HS :
- Chu y theo doi , nhac nh HS lam bai nghiem tuc, tranh gian lan gay mat
trat t
4) Thu bai :
- Sau khi trong anh yeu cau HS nop bai ra au ban, GV thu bai kiem tra so
lng bai nop
Tiet : 25
Ngay soan :
20/11/10
Ngay day: 24/11/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
5) Hng dan ve nha :
- Ve xem lai cac nh ngh a cac loai hnh va dau hieu chng minh
- Xem trc noi dung c ban cua Chng II
- Tiet sau hoc bai mi cua Chng II
1. A GIAC A GIAC EU

Chng II : A GIAC. DIEN TCH A GIAC
1. A GIAC A GIAC EU
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam c khai niem a giac loi, a giac eu.
- HS biet cach tnh tong so o cac goc cua mot a giac.
- Ve c va nhan biet mot so a giac loi, mot so a giac eu.
- Biet ve cac truc oi xng va tam oi xng (neu co) cua mot a giac eu.
- HS biet s dung phep tng t e xay dng khai niem a giac loi, a giac
eu t nhng khai niem tng ng a biet ve t giac.
- Qua ve hnh va quan sat hnh ve, HS biet cach qui nap e xay dng cong thc
tnh tong so o cac goc cua mot a giac.
- Kien tr trong suy luan; can than; chnh xac trong ve hnh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc thang co chia khoang, compa, thc o goc,bang phu.
- HS : On nh nghia t giac, t giac loi xem trc chng II
- Phng phap : am thoai, qui nap

NOI DUNG HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA HS
Hoat ong 1 : Gii thieu chng, bai (5)
Chng II : A GIAC
DIEN TCH A GIAC
1. A GIAC
A GIAC EU
- GV gii thieu chng II,
bai hoc 1 va ghi bang
- HS nghe gii thieu va ghi ta
bai

Hoat ong 2 : Khai niem ve a giac (13)
1) Khai niem ve a
giac :
nh ngha: (sgk)
B
A
C

E D
a giac ABCDE
Cac nh: A,B,C,D,E
Cac canh: AB, BC, CD,
DE, EA
Cac ng cheo: AC,
AD, BD, BE, CE
112 117
- Gii thieu t/c cua cac
oan thang, va cac yeu
to nh, canh cua 2 a
giac H114, H117
- Goi HS nhac lai nh
ngha t giac, t giac
loi
- Neu ?1 cho HS thc hien

- Hoi: Hnh nao tren
bang la a giac loi?
- The nao la a giac loi?
- Quan sat hnh ve bang phu
- Nghe GV gii thieu

- Nhac lai nh ngha t giac,
t giac loi
- Xem hnh 118 va tra li ?1 :
2oan thang AE, ED co 1 iem
chung lai cung nam tren 1
ng thang
- Hnh 115,116,117 la a giac loi.

- Neu nh ngha nh SGK(p.114)
ap: khi ve mot ng thang
Tiet : 26
Ngay soan :
20/11/10
Ngay day: 25/11/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
Cac goc: E D C B A

Neu ?2 , goi HS tra li

- Treo hnh ve 119 sgk cho
HS thc hien ?3
- Noi them: a giac co n
nh (n> 3) goi la hnh n-
giac hay n-canh, vi n = 3,
4,, 9, 10 goi la g?
qua canh cua a giac th a giac
nam 2 na mat phang
- Nhn hnh 119, tra li ?3 HS goi
ten nh, canh, ng cheo,
goc cua mot a giac
- Tra li: h`tam giac, h`t giac,
, hnh 9 canh, hnh 10 canh .
Hoat ong 3 : a giac eu (10)
2) a giac eu :
nh nghia: a giac eu
la a giac co tat ca
canh bang nhau va tat
ca cac goc bang nhau

120
- Gii thieu: ay la cac
v du ve a giac eu
- Hoi: The nao la a
giac eu?
GV nhac lai nh ngha
va ghi bang
- Neu ?4 cho HS thc hien
- Moi a giac eu trong
hnh 120 co may truc oi
xng ? Co may tam oi
xng?

- GV chot lai va ve vao
hnh cho HS thay ro hn
Quan sat hnh ve
- Phat bieu nh ngha a giac
eu

- HS lap lai cho chnh xac va ghi
bai.

- Thc hien ?4 Tra li:
+ Aeu co 3 truc xng.
+ H`vuong co 4 truc oi xng,1
tam xng la giao iem cua 2
ng cheo
+ Ngu giac eu co 5 truc oi
xng
+ Luc giac eu co 6 truc oi
xng va 1 tam oi xng
Bai 1 trang 115 SGK
Hay ve phatc hoa mot
luc giac loi . Hay neu
cach nhan biet mot a
giac loi

Bai 2 trang 115 SGK
Cho v du ve a giac
khong eu trong moi
trng hp sau
a) Co tat ca cac canh
bang nhau
b) Co tat ca cac goc
bang nhau

Bai 4 trang 115 SGK

Bai 1 trang 115 SGK
- Cho HS oc e bai
- Cho HS len bang lam
bai

Bai 2 trang 115 SGK
- Cho HS oc e bai
- Cho HS len bang lam
bai

Bai 4 trang 115 SGK
- Treo bang phu ve san
bai 4

- HS oc e bai
- HS len bang ve phac hoa
A
E
D
C
B

- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e bai
- HS suy ngh va tra li :
a) Hnh thoi co cac canh bang
nhau nhng cac goc khong bang
nhau)
b) Hnh ch nhat co cac goc
bang nhau nhng cac canh khong
bang nhau
- HS khac nhan xet

- HS quan sat hnh
- HS lam bang
Gio n hnh hc 8
- Nhan xet cho iem (neu
c)
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Bai 3 trang 115 SGK

Bai 5 trang 115 SGK

Bai 3 trang 115 SGK
! Da vao tam giac eu
va tnh chat cua goc
ngoai cua tam giac
Bai 5 trang 115 SGK
! Da vao cong thc tnh
tong so o cac goc cua
n giac
- Ve hoc nh ngha a
giac loi va a giac eu
- Tiet sau hoc bai mi
2. DIEN TCH HNH
CH NHAT

- HS ve xem lai tam giac eu
vatnh chat cua goc ngoai cua
tam giac

- HS ve xem lai bai 4

- HS chu y nghe va ghi chu vao
tap

Bai tap 4 (sgk)

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...............................................................................
.................................

a giac n
canh
So canh 4 5 6 n
So ng cheo xuat
phat t mot nh
1 2 3 n 3
So tam giac tao
thanh
2 3 4 n 2
Tong so o cac goc
cua mot a giac
2.180 = 360
0
3.180
0
= 540
0
4.180
0
= 720
0
(n 2).180
0

Gio n hnh hc 8
2. DIEN TCH
HNH CH NHAT
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam cong thc tnh dien tch hnh ch nhat hnh vuong, tam giac vuong
- Hieu rang e chng minh cac cong thc o can van dung tnh chat cua
dien tch a giac
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu
- HS : Thc thang co chia khoang chnh xac en mm; may tnh bo tui.
- Phng phap : Van ap Qui nap.

1/ Viet cong thc tnh
tong so o cua cac
goc cua hnh n giac (4)
2/ Tnh so o mot goc
cua hnh luc giac eu ,
ngu giac eu (6)
- Goi HS len bang lam bai
cua HS

- GV anh gia , cho iem
- HS oc e bai
1/ (n 2) .180
2/ Luc giac eu :
((6 2).180)/6 = 120
0

Ngu giac eu :
((5 2).180)/6 = 108
0

- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
2. DIEN TCH
HNH CH
NHAT
- Lam the nao e tnh dien
tch cua mot a giac bat k
? Ta phai da vao dien tch
cua hnh g ? e biet c
ieu o chung ta vao bai
hoc hom nay
- HS ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Khai niem dien tch a giac (10)
1/ Khai niem dien tch
a giac :
- So o cua phan mat
phang gii han bi mot
a giac goi la dien tch
cua a giac o
- Moi a giac co mot
dien tch xac nh, dien
tch a giac la mot so
dng
- Tnh chat cua dien tch
a giac : SGK trang 116
K hieu : S
- Gii thieu khai niem nh
SGK
- Treo hnh ve 121
- Yeu cau HS lam ?1

- The nao la dien tch a
giac ?
- Quan he gia dien tch cua
a giac vi mot so thc
- Gii thieu tnh chat , K
hieu
- HS chu y nghe
- Quan sat hnh ve 121, HS suy ngh
ca nhan sau o thao luan nhom
va tra li ?1
- Dtch A = Dtch B
- Dtch D co 8 n v, con C ch
co 2
- Dtch E ln hn dtch C
- HS phat bieu SGK trang 117

- HS oc cac tnh chat cua dien
tch a giac
Hoat ong 4 : Cong thc tnh dien tch hnh ch nhat (7)
2/ Cong thc tnh dien
tch hnh ch nhat :
a
b

- Tnh dien tch hcn co chieu
dai 5cm , chieu rong la 3 cm
- Neu chieu dai la a chieu
rong la b th S = ?
- Phat bieu nh l tnh dien
- S = 5 . 3 = 15

- S = a.b

- HS phat bieu SGK trang 117
Tiet : 27
Ngay soan :
05/12/10
Ngay day: 09/12/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
Dien tch hcn bang tch
hai kch thc cua no
S = a. b
tch hnh ch nhat

Hoat ong 5 : Cong thc tnh dien tch hnh vuong,tam giac vuong (14)
3/ Cong thc tnh dien
tch hnh vuong,tam giac
vuong
a) Dien tch hnh vuong
bang bnh phng canh
cua no
S = a
2

b) Dien tch tam giac
vuong bang na tch hai
canh goc vuong
S = a.b
- Yeu cau HS lam ?2

- Tnh chat cua a giac a
c van dung nh the nao
e khi chng minh dien tch
tam giac vuong ?
- Dien tch hnh vuong : S = a
2

- Dien tch tam giac vuong : S =
a.b
- HS khac nhan xet
- V hnh ch nhat c chia thanh
hai tam giac vuong nen tam giac
vuong co dien tch bang na dien
tch hcn

Bai 6 trang 118 SGK
Dien tch hcn thay oi
nh the nao neu :
a) Chieu dai tang 2 lan
, chieu rong khong oi
b) Chieu dai va chieu
rong tang 3 lan
c) Chieu dai tang 4 lan
, chieu rong giam 4 lan
Bai 6 trang 118 SGK
- Treo bang phu ghi bai
- Cho 3 HS len bang lam bai


a) S
2
= (2a). b = 2 (a.b) = 2S
1

Vay dien tch tang hai lan
b) S
2
= (3a). (3b) = 9 (a.b) = 9 S
1

Vay dien tch tang chn lan
c) S
2
= a.4).(b:4) = ab = S
1

Vay dien tch khong oi
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Bai 7 trang 118 SGK
! Tnh dtch gian phong. Tnh
tong dtch ca so va ca ra
vao . Lap t le S1/S2/S ro
so sanh
Bai 8 trang 118 SGK
! o hia canh goc vuong roi
ap dung cong thc
- Hoc thuoc cong thc . Xem
lai cac bai a giai e tiet
sau :
LUYEN TAP 2.

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
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Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 2
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS c cung co nhng tnh chat dien tch a giac, nhng cong thc tnh dien
tch hnh ch nhat, hnh vuong, tam giac vuong.
- Co ky nang van dung cac cong thc tren vao bai tap ; ren luyen ky nang
tnh toan tm dien tch cac hnh a hoc.
- Tiep tuc ren luyen cho HS thao tac t duy : phan tch, tong hp; t duy logic.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 123)
- HS : Nam vng cac cong thc tnh dien tch a hoc; lam bai tap ve nha.
- Phng phap : am thoai Hp tac theo nhom.

1. Phat bieu va viet
cong thc tnh dien tch
hnh ch nhat, hnh
vuong, tam giac vuong.
(6)
2. Mot manh at hnh
ch nhat dai 700m,
rong 400m. hay tnh
dien tch manh at o
theo n v m
2
, km
2
, a, ha.
(4)
- Goi HS len bang
HS
- Cho HS nhan xet cau
tra li va bai lam
bang
- anh gia cho iem
- Mot HS len bang tra li va
lam bai, ca lp lam vao v bai
tap
- HS tham gia nhan xet cau tra li
va bai lam tren bang
S = 280000m
2
= 0,28km
2
= 2800a =
28ha
- HS t sa sai (neu co)
Bai 9 trang 119 SGK
ABCD la hnh vuong
canh 12cm , AE = xcm .
Tnh x sao cho dien tch
tam giac ABE bang 1/3
dien tch hnh vuong
ABCD
A x E B

12

D C
Cat hai tam giac vuong
bang nhau t tam ba .
Hay ghep hai tam giac
o tao thanh :
a) Mot tam giac can
b) Mot hnh ch nhat
c) Mot hnh bnh hanh
Dien tch cua cac hnh
nay co bang nhau
Bai 9 trang 119 SGK
- Neu bai tap 9 treo hnh
123
Hoi: e bai cho biet g?
Can tm g ? Tm nh the
nao ?
Gi y: AABC la tam giac
g?
- Tnh S
ABC
? Tnh S
ABCD
? T
o theo e bai ta tm x?
- Goi HS tnh tng phan,
HS khac nhan xet.

- GV ghi bang tom tat.
- GV phat cho moi nhom 2
tam giac vuong bang nhau,
yeu cau:
- Co c nhieu hnh
khac nhau cang tot
- Cho cac nhom trnh bay
va gop y

- oc e bai tap 9 Xem hnh ve
- Tra li cau hoi cua GV
Lam bai vao v:
AABC vuong tai A
S
ABC
= x.12 = 6x (cm
2
)
S
ABCD
= AB
2
= 12
2
= 144 (cm
2
)
Theo e bai S
ABC
=
3
1 S
ABCD

6x =1/3.144 x =
3 . 6
144
= 8(cm)
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS suy ngh ca nhan sau o lam
viec theo nhom (2 ban mot nhom)
luyen tap ghep hnh
- Sau o moi nhom trnh bay cach
ghep hnh cua nhom mnh.
- Cac nhom khac gop y.

- HS nghe, xem hnh e rut kinh
nghiem
Tiet : 28
Ngay soan :
10/12/10
Ngay day: 15/12/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
khong ? V sao ?

Cho hnh 125, trong o
ABCD la hnh ch nhat
, E la mot iem bat k
nam tren ng cheo
AC, FG//AD va HK//AB.
Chng minh rang hai
hnh ch nhat EFBK va
EGDH co cung dien
tch

- GV nhan xet, cho ca lp
xem hnh GV a chuan b
trc.

- Neu bai tap 13 SGK, ve
hnh 125 len bang.
- Hoi: Dung tnh chat 1
va 2 ve dien tch a giac
em co the ghep hnh ch
nhat EFBC va EGHD vi
nhng A nao co cung
dien tch va co the tao ra
nhng hnh e so sanh
dien tch? (ng cheo
AC tao ra nhng A nao co
cung dien tch?)

a)

b)

c)

- oc e bai,ve hnh vao v,ghi
GT KL

- Quan sat hnh ve, suy ngh cach
giai
AABC = ACDA (c,c,c) S
ABC
= S
ADC
.
Tng t ta cung co: S
AFE
= S
AHE
;
S
EKC
= S
EGC

Suy ra: S
ABC
S
AFE
S
EKC
=
S
ADC
S
AHE
S
EGC

Hay S
EFBK
= S
EGDH

- HS sa bai vao tap


! Dng hai hnh vuong tren
hai canh goc vuong va
hnh vuong tren canh
huyen
! Ap dung cong thc tnh
dien tch ket hp ghep
hnh

- HS xem lai nh l Phythaore

- HS ghep hnh thanh hnh ch
nhat
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Gio n hnh hc 8
3. DIEN TCH TAM GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vhg cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac; biet chng minh nh l ve dien
tch tam giac mot cach chat che gom ba trng hp va biet trnh bay gon ghe
chng minh o
- HS van dung c cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac trong giai toan. HS ve c
hnh ch nhat hoac hnh tam giac co dien tch bang dien tch cua mot tam giac
cho trc.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve), ba hnh Avuong, Anhon, Atu
- Phng phap : Trc quan am thoai.
GV
HOAT ONG CUA HS
1. Phat bieu va viet cong
thc tnh dien tch cua hnh
ch nhat, hnh vuong, tam
giac vuong?
2. Cho dien tch cua 1 hnh
ch nhat bang 20cm
2
; hai
kch thc cua no la x(cm)
va y(cm). Hay ien vao o
trong trong bang sau:
x 1 4 8 10 20
y 10 5 2
- Treo bang phu a ra
e kiem tra
- Ca lp cung lam
bai
- GV nhac nh HS cha
tap trung
- Het thi gian GV thu
bai

- HS ca lp cung lam vao giay
(kiem tra 10)

3. DIEN TCH TAM
GIAC
- Cac em a c biet
tam giac vuong . Hom
nay chung ta se tm cong
thc tnh dien tch cua
tam giac thng.
- HS chu y nghe va ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Tm toi, cminh (15)
nh l :
(SGK trang 120)
A
h S = a.h
B C
a
Gt: AABC; AH BC
Kl: S
ABC
= a.h
Chng minh
a) Trng hp H B:
A
S = AH.BC
BH C

b) Trng hp H nam
- Goi HS neu cong thc
tnh dien tch tam giac
- Neu goi a la chieu dai
mot canh va h la chieu
cao tng ng canh o, ta
co cong thc tnh S
A
?
- Hay phat bieu bang
li cong thc tren?
- GV ghi nh l va cong
thc len bang. Goi HS
ghi Gt-Kl
- Cho HS xem hnh 126 Sgk
e tm hieu v tr cua H
oi vi canh BC.
- GV gan cac tam ba
hnh tam giac (3 dang),
- HS neu cong thc:
S
A
= canh ay x chieu cao.
Tra li:
S
A
= a.h

- HS phat bieu nh l va ghi vao
v
- HS lap lai (3 lan)
- HS ghi tom tat Gt-Kl (mot HS
ghi bang)
Quan sat hnh 126 va neu nhan
xet v tr iem H oi vi canh
BC
a) HB AABC vuong tai B
b) H nam gia B, C AABC nhon
Tiet : 29
Ngay soan :
10/12/10
Ngay day:
16/12/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
gia B va C: A

B H C
S
BHA
= BH.AH
S
CHA
= HC.AH
S
ABC
= (BH+HC).AH
= BC. AH
c) Trng hp H nam
ngoai oan thang BC
A (HS t cm)

B H C
lan lt gcac ba tam
giac vuong AHB, AHC
tren nen tam giac nhon
ABC e gi y cho HS
chng minh nh l.
Goi HS chng minh
bang

- GV noi : trong ca ba
trng hp ta eu co
the chng1 minh c
tam giac bang na tch
do dai 1 canh vi chieu
cao tng ng.
c) H nam ngoai B, CAABC tu
Chng minh (3HS len bang cm)
a) HB, AABC vuong tai B
S = AH.BC
b) S
BHA
= BH.AH
S
CHA
= HC.AH
S
ABC
= S
AHB
+ S
AHC
=
+ (BH+HC).AH
= BC. AH
c) S
AHC
= S
AHB
+ S
ABC

S
ABC
= S
AHB
S
AHC

= AH(HC HB)
Hoat ong 4 : Thc hanh cat dan, tm lai cong thc tnh dien tch hcn (10)
? Hay cat tam giac thanh
3 manh e ghep lai
thanh mot hnh ch nhat.
Neu ? Goi HS thc hien
Treo bang phu ve hnh
gi y cho HS cat dan:

h h
a a
h a

S dung giay mau, keo, keo
dan va cac bang nen Xem gi
y va thc hanh theo to
Bai 16 trang SGK

Bai tap 20 SGK
A

E M K N D

B H C
- Neu bai tap 16 cho HS
thc hien
- Gi y: Van dung cong
thc tnh S
cn
va S
A

- Neu bai tap 20, cho HS
oc e bai
- Gi y:
-Tng t cach cat ghep
hnh
- MN la ng trung bnh
cua AABC
HS giai : moi hnh ta eu co:
S
cn
= a.h va S
A
= a.h
S
A
= S
cn

HS oc e bai 20 sgk
Thc hanh giai theo nhom:
AEBM = AKAM S
EBM
= S
KAM

ADCN = AKAN S
DCN
= S
KAN

S
ABC
= S
KAM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
KAN
(1)
S
BCDE
= S
EBM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
DCN
(2)
(1), (2)S
ABC
= S
BCDE
= BC.AH
- Lam bai tap 17, 18, 19
sgk trang 121, 122
HS nghe dan
Ghi chu vao v bai tap
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Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 3
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS c cung co vng chac cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac.
- Co ky nang van dung cong thc tren vao bai tap ; ren luyen ky nang tnh
toan tm dien tch cac hnh a hoc.
II/ CHUAN B :

1. Tnh S
ABC
biet BC =
3cm, ng cao AH =
0,2dm?
2. a)Xem hnh 133. Hay
ch ra cac tam giac co
cung dien tch (lay o
vuong lam n v dien
tch).
b) Hai tam giac co dien
tch bang nhau th co bang
nhau khong?
kiem tra, hnh ve 133 (sgk)
- Goi HS len bang

- Kiem tra v bai tap vai HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
lam bai, ca lp lam vao v
bai tap:
1. S
ABC
= BC.AH = 3.2 = 3cm
2

2a) Cac tam giac so 1, 3, 6 co
cung dien tch la 4 o vuong.
Cac tam giac 2, 8 co cung dien
tch la 3 o vuong.
b) Hai tam giac co dien tch bang
nhau khong nhat thiet bang nhau
- Tham gia nhan xet cau tra li
va bai lam tren bang. T sa
sai
Gt: cho AABC
Kl: ve hcn co 1 canh
bang 1
canh A va S
CN
= S
A

A

E M K N D

B H C
- Neu bai 20, cho HS oc e
bai
Hoi: Gthiet cho g? Kluan g?
- Hay phat hoa va ngh xem
ve nh the nao?
- Gi y: - Da vao cong
thc tnh dien tch cac hnh
va ieu kien bai toan.
- MN la ng trung bnh cua
AABC

- HS oc e bai 20 sgk
- HS neu GT KL bai toan
- Phat hoa hnh ve, suy ngh, tra
li
S
A
= ah ; S
CN
= ab ; S
A
= S
CN

ah = ab b = h
- Thc hanh giai theo nhom:
Dng hcn BEDC nh hnh ve, ta
co:
AEBM = AKAM S
EBM
= S
KAM

ADCN = AKAN S
DCN
= S
KAN

S
ABC
= S
KAM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
KAN
(1)
S
BCDE
= S
EBM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
DCN
(2) (1),
(2)S
ABC
= S
BCDE
= BC.AH

- Neu bai tap 13 sgk, ve hnh
125 len bang.
Hoi: Dung tnh chat 1 va 2
ve dien tch a giac em co

- oc e bai, ve hnh vao v,
ghi Gt Kl.
Quan sat hnh ve, suy ngh cach
giai
Tiet : 30
Ngay soan :
25/12/10
Ngay day: 29/12/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
H`ch nhat ABCD
Gt E e AC
FG//AD; HK//AB
Kl S
EFBK
= S
EGDH

A F B

H E K

D C
the ghep hnh ch nhat EFBC
va EGHD vi nhng A nao
co cung dien tch va co the
tao ra nhng hnh e so sanh
dien tch? (ng cheo AC
tao ra nhng A nao co cung
dien tch?)
ABC
= S
ADC

. Tng t ta cung co: S
AFE
= S
AHE
;
S
EKC
= S
EGC

Suy ra: S
ABC
S
AFE
S
EKC
=
S
ADC
S
AHE
S
EGC

Hay S
EFBK
= S
EGDH

- Cho HS nhac lai 3 tnh chat
c ban ve dien tch a giac
- HS nhac lai tnh chat c ban
cua a giac
- Hoc on cac cong thc tnh
dien tch a hoc
- Lam bai tap 10, 14, 15 sgk
trang 119, 120
- Chuan b giay lam bai
kiem tra 15

- HS nghe dan va ghi chu vao v
bai tap
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Gio n hnh hc 8
ON TAP HOC K I
I/ MUC TIEU :
- He thong hoa kien thc trong tam a hoc chuan b thi hoc k I.
- Van dung kien thc a hoc e giai cac bai tap dang tnh toan, chng minh,
nhan biet cac loai hnh, tm ieu kien cua hnh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, compa, eke; e cng on tap, bang phu.
- HS : On tap ly thuyet theo e cng.
- Phng phap : am thoai.

Hoat ong 1 : Hng dan on ly thuyet (5)
- GV hng dan HS t on ly
thuyet theo e cng a pho
bien.
- Nghe hng dan
- T ghi chu noi dung can ghi
Hoat ong 2 : Bai tap (39)
Bai tap 4 :
A
D E

B M C
GT AABC,
A =
1v;MeBC
MD AB; ME AC
KL T giac ADME la
hnh
g ?

Bai tap 5 :

A
F E

B D C
GT AABC, DB = DC;
AE = EC; AF = FB
KL a) AEDF la hbhanh
b) k cua AABC e
AEDF la hnh thoi

Bai tap 4 :
- Neu bai tap 4 (e cng)
- Cho mot HS len bang ve
hnh, tom tat GT-KL
- Co the tra li ngay t
giac tao thanh la g khong?
Hay trnh bay bai giai?
Theo doi, giup HS yeu

Bai tap 5 :
- Goi HS oc e, ve hnh va
ghi GT-KL
- Neu cac dau hieu nhan
biet t giac la hnh bnh
hanh?
- ay ta s dung dau
hieu nao?
- Phai ap dung tnh chat nao
e c/m theo dau hieu o?
(goi 1HS lam bang)

- Theo doi va giup HS
lam bai
- Nhan xet bai lam bang

- Cau b?
- Hnh bnh hanh AEDF la
hnh thoi khi nao?

- HS oc e bai 4 (e cng)
- Mot HS ve hnh, ghi GT-KL
Giai:

Ta co :
A = 1v (gt)
MD AB
D =1v
MC AC
E = 1v
T giac ADME co 3 goc
vuong nen la hnh ch nhat.
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

HS oc e bai
- Ve hnh va ghi GT-KL
- HS neu cac dau hieu nhan
biet hnh bnh hanh.
- Suy ngh ca nhan sau o
thao luan cung ban tm dau
hieu chng minh.
Mot HS lam bang:
Theo GT ta co: DE la tbnh
cua
AABC DE//AB va DE = AB
ma AF = FB = AB
DE//AF va DE = AF
t giac AEDF co 2 canh oi
ssong va bang nhau nen la
mot hbhanh
b) Hbhanh AEDF la hnh thoi
Tiet : 31
Ngay soan :
25/12/10
Ngay day: 30/12/10
Gio n hnh hc 8

Bai tap 8 :
A
E
D

B M C
GT AABC ;
A = 1v
B

A M = M

A C;
MD // AC; D e AB
ME // AB; E e AC
KL T giac ADME la
hnh
vuong.

- Luc o AABC phai nh the
nao?
- Ve nha tm them ieu kien
e AEDF la hcn, hvuong?
Bai tap 8 :
- Yeu cau HS ve hnh, ghi
GT-KL
- e bai hoi g?

- Hay neu cac dau hieu
nhan biet hnh vuong?
- ay, ta chon dau hieu
nao?
- Gi y: xem ky lai GT va
hnh ve
- T o hay cho biet hng
giai?
- Goi mot HS giai bang.
- GV theo doi va giup HS
lam bai

- Sau o kiem tra cho iem
bai lam vai HS

AE = AF AB = AC (E, F la
trung iem cua AC, AB)
AABC can tai A
Vay ieu kien e AEDF la
hnh thoi la AABC can tai A
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap

- HS oc e bai
- HS ve hnh va tom tat Gt-Kl
- HS xem lai yeu cau cua e
bai va tra li
- HS phat bieu cac dau hieu
nhan biet hnh vuong.
thao luan nhom tm hng
giai

- ng tai cho neu hng
giai.
- Mot HS giai bang :
T giac AEMD co MD//AC,
ME //AB (gt) MD//AE,
ME//AD
Nen AEMD la hbhanh (co
cac canh oi song song).
Hbh AEMD co A = 1v nen la
hcn
Lai co AM la cheo cung la
tia phan giac goc A. Do o
hcn AEMD la hnh vuong.
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
- Xem lai phan l thuyet va
lam lai cac bai tap a giai
- Chuan b bai that k e
at ket qua tot nhat trong k
thi HKI
- HS chu y nghe va ghi chu
vao tap
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Gio n hnh hc 8
TRA BAI THI HOC K I

I/ MUC TIEU :
- Giup HS nam c nang lc cua mnh t o co co gang hn trong HKII e at
ket qua cao hn
- Ren luyen lai k nang lam cac bai tap
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : e thi, bang phu ghi cau hoi trac nghiem, ap an
- HS : e thi, xem lai cac cach giai cac bai tap
- Phng phap : Van ap, am thoai
III/ TO CHC HOAT ONG DAY VA HOC :

Hoat ong 1 : Trac nghiem (10)

Cau 7 : Chon cau sai : Trong mot
t giac loi:
a) Hai ng cheo cua t giac cat
nhau
b) Ton tai mot canh ln hn ba canh
con lai
c) Tong o dai hai ng cheo be
hn chu vi t giac
d) Tong 4 goc trong t giac bang
360
0

Cau 8 : So goc tu nhieu nhat trong
1 hnh thang la
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d)
4
Cau 9 : Hnh bnh hanh la hnh ch
nhat khi
a) AC = BD b) ACBD
c) AC//BD d) AC//BD va AC =
BD
Cau 10 : Chon cau sai trong cac cau
sau ay:
a) Hnh bnh hanh co hai canh ke
bang nhau la hnh thoi
b) Hnh bnh hanh co mot ng
cheo la ng phan giac cua mot
goc la hnh thoi
c) Hnh bnh hanh co hai ng cheo
vuong goc vi nhau la hnh thoi
d) T giac co bon goc bang nhau
la hnh thoi
Cau 11 : T giac ch co mot tam
oi xng la
a) Hnh bnh hanh b) Hnh ch
nhat
c) Hnh thoi d) Ca a,b,c eu
- Treo bang phu cau
hoi
- Ve hnh t giac ta
se thay ieu nao sai ?

- Ve hnh thang ta se
thay co bao nhieu goc
tu?

- S dung dau hieu
nhan biet hnh ch
nhat ?

- S dung dau hieu
nhan biet hnh thoi ?

- Ve tam oi xng
cua cac hnh xem moi
hnh co bao nhieu tam
oi xng ?
- Cac goc cua t
giac co the la cac
goc nao ?

- Cho HS khac nhan
xet
- GV hoan chnh bai
lam
- HS oc e bai
- Ton tai mot canh
ln hn ba canh con
lai

- Hnh thang co nhieu
nhat 2 goc tu

- AC = BD

- T giac co bon
goc bang nhau la hnh
thoi

- Ca a,b,c eu ung

- Cac goc cua t
giac co the la : Bon
goc vuong

- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
Tiet : 32
Ngay soan :
21/12/06
Ngay day : 30/12/06
Gio n hnh hc 8
ung
Cau 12 : Cac goc cua t giac co
the la :
a) 4 goc nhon b) 4 goc tu
c) 4 goc vuong d) 1 goc vuong 3
goc nhon
Hoat ong 2 : T luan (33)

Cau 4 : a) Neu nh
ngha hnh thoi
b) Cho hnh thoi ABCD
co
0
A 60 = . Tnh so o
cac goc con lai (1
iem)

Cau 5 : Cho tam giac
ABC . E va D lan lt
la trung iem cua cac
canh AB va AC. Goi G
la giao iem cua CE
va BD . H,K la trung
iem cua BG va CG
a) Chng minh : T
giac DEHK la hnh
bnh hanh
b) Tam giac ABC can
thoa man ieu kien g
th DEK hnh ch nhat
? Giai thch ? (2 iem)
- Yeu cau HS neu nh
ngh a hnh thoi ?
- Cau b e bai cho g ? Hoi
g ?

- Trong hnh thoi hai goc oi
dien nh the nao ? hai goc
ke nhau nh the nao ?
- T o ta co ieu g ?

- Yeu cau HS oc e
- e bai cho g va hoi g ?

- Goi 2 HS len bang ve
hnh neu GT-KL

- Muon chng minh DEHK
la hnh bnh hanh ta phai
lam sao ?
- Muon ED// HK va ED =
HK ta phai chng minh ieu
g ?

- Goi HS len bang chng
minh

- HS oc e bai
- Hnh thoi la t giac co 4 canh
bang nhau
- e bai cho ABCD la hnh thoi
0
A 60 = . Tnh so o cac goc

B,C,D
- Trong hnh thoi hai goc oi dien
th bang nhau; hai goc ke nhau
th bu nhau
- Ta co
0

A C 60 = = (oi dien
goc A)
0
B 120 = (ke vi goc A)

0
D 120 => = (oi dien goc B)

- HS oc e bai
- e bai cho tam giac ABC, E
va D lan lt la trung iem
cua cac canh AB va AC. H,K
la trung iem cua BG va CG
- e hoi :
a) T giac DEHK la hnh bnh
hanh
b) Tam giac ABC can thoa man
ieu kien g th DEK hnh ch
nhat ? Giai thch ?
- HS len bang thc hien
K H
G
D
E
A
B C

GT ABC; EA=EB; DA = DC
HB = HG; KG = KC
KL a) T giac DEHK la hnh
bnh
hanh
b) ABC can thoa man
ieu
kien g th DEHK hnh ch
nhat ?
Giai thch ?
- Ta phai chng minh ED// HK
va
ED = HK
Gio n hnh hc 8

- ABC can thoa man
ieu kien g th DEHK hnh
ch nhat ? Giai thch ?

- Ta phai chng minh ED la
ng trung bnh cua ABC; HK
la ng trung bnh cua GBC
- HS len bang chng minh
Ta co : E la trung iem cua AB
(gt)
D la trung iem cua AC
(gt)
=> ED la ng trung bnh cua
ABC
Nen : ED//BC va ED = BC (1)
Tng t : HK la ng trung
bnh cua GBC
Nen : HK//BC va HK = BC (2)
T (1) va(2) suy ra :
ED = HK (cung bang BC)
ED//HK (cung song song vi BC)
Vay : DEHK la hnh bnh hanh
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
- ABC phai la tam giac can
tai A
Giai thch :
Khi o ta co : AB = AC
Ta co : AE = AB
AD = AC
=> AE = AD
Xet ABD va ACE co :
AB = AC
A chung
AE = AD
Vay : ABD = ACE (c-g-c)
=> CE = BD
ma HD = 2/3 BD (G la trong
tam)
KE = 2/3 CE (G la trong tam)
Nen HD = KE
Vay : hnh bnh hanh DEHK la
hnh ch nhat
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS sa bai vao tap
- Cac em a va sa xong
bai thi HKI, chung ta can rut
kinh nghiem xem phan nao
chung ta lam c va phan
nao chung ta lam cha c
e t o a ra cach hoc
tap thch hp
- Tiet sau chung ta se hoc
3. DIEN TCH TAM GIAC
- HS ghi nh li dan cua GV

- HS ve xem lai cach tnh dien
tch cua tam giac vuong
Gio n hnh hc 8

Gio n hnh hc 8
4. DIEN TCH HNH THANG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vhg cong thc tnh dien tch hnh thang (t o suy ra cong thc tnh
dien tch hnh bnh hanh) t cong thc tnh dien tch cua tam giac.
- HS van dung c cong thc a hoc vao bai tap cu the. HS ve c hnh bnh
hanh hay hnh ch nhat co dien tch bang dien tch cua hnh bnh hanh cho trc;
Chng minh c nh l ve dien tch hnh thang, hnh bnh hanh. lam quen vi
phng phap ac biet hoa.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve 138, 139)
- HS : On 2, 3 ; lam bai tap nha.
- Phng phap : am thoai Qui nap.

Cho hnh ve: A
a
B

h

D H
b

C
Hay ien vao cho
trong:
S
ABCD
= S
+ S
..

S
ADC
= . . . . . .
S
ABC
= . . . . . .
Suy ra S
ABCD
= . . . . . . . .
kiem tra
cua HS

- Thu bai lam mot vai em
- Cho HS nhan xet bang,
sa sai (neu co)
- anh gia, cho iem
- Mot HS len bang, ca lp
lam vao v.
S
ABCD
= S
ADC
+ S
ABC

S
ADC
= DC. AH
S
ABC
= AB.AH
Suy ra: S
ABCD
= AH.(DC + AB)
= h.(a + b)
- HS nhan xet bang, t sa
sai (neu co)

4. DIEN TCH
HNH THANG
- T cong thc tnh dien
tch tam giac coa tnh c
cong tc dien tch hnh thang
hay khong ? e biet c
ieu o chung ta vao bai
hoc hom nay

Hoat ong 3: Dien tch hnh thang (12)
1. Cong thc tnh dien
tch hnh thang :
Dien tch hnh thang
bang na tch cua tong
hai ay vi chieu cao.

b

h

a

S = (a+b).h
- Nh tren, chung ta va tm
c cong thc tnh dien
tch hnh thang. Neu cho AB =
a, CD = b va AH = h, ta se
co cong thc tnh hnh thang
la g ?
- Hay phat bieu bang li
cong thc o?
- Ta a van dung kien thc
nao e chng minh c
cong thc?

- HS neu cong thc:
S
hthang
= (a+b).h

- HS phat bieu nh l va ghi
vao v
- HS lap lai (3 lan)
HS tra li: a van dung tnh
chat c ban ve dien tch va
cong thc tnh dien tch tam
giac.
Hoat ong 4 : Dien tch hnh bnh hanh (7)
Tiet : 33
Ngay soan :
05/01/11
Ngay day: 12/01/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
tch hnh bnh hanh :
a
h
a
S = a.h
Dien tch hnh bnh hanh
bang tch mot canh vi
chieu cao ng vi canh
o.
3. V du :
(Sgk trang 124)
- Yeu cau HS oc ?2
- Gi y: Hnh bhanh la
mot hnh thang ac biet, o
la g?
- T o hay suy ra cong
thc tnh dien tch hbhanh?
(Ta a dung phng phap
ac biet hoa)
- T cong thc hay phat
bieu bang li?
- Neu v du sgk trang 124
- HS oc ?2
- Tra li: hnh bnh hanh la hnh
thang co hai canh ay bang
nhau.
- Thc hien ?2 :
S
hbh
= (a+a).h = 2a.h
= a.h

- HS phat bieu va ghi bai

- HS oc v du va thc hanh ve
hnh theo yeu cau.
A
23
B

D
31
C E
D F C E

A B
Neu bai tap 26 cho HS thc
hien
Ve hnh 26 (trang 125)

- Neu bai tap 27. Treo bang
phu ve hnh 141
- Hoi: v sao S
ABCD
= S
AbEF
?

- HS giai :
ABCD la hch nhat nen BC
DE
BC = = =
23
828
AB
S
ABCD
36 (cm)
S
ABED
= (AB+DE).BC
= (23+31).36 = 972 (cm
2
)
Nhn hnh ve, ng tai cho tra
li:
Hnh ch nhat ABCD va hnh
bnh hanh ABEF co cung dien
tch v co chung mot canh, chieu
cao cua hbhanh la chieu rong
cua hnh ch nhat.
- Hoc thuoc nh l, cong
thc tnh dien tch
trang 126.

- HS nghe dan
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................

Gio n hnh hc 8
5. DIEN TCH HNH THOI
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vhg cong thc tnh dien tch hnh thoi (t cong thc tnh dien tch t
giac co hai ng cheo vuong goc va t cong thc tnh dien tch hnh bnh
hanh). Biet c hai cach tnh dien tch hnh thoi, biet cach tnh dien tch cua mot
t giac co hai ng cheo vuong goc.
- HS van dung c cong thc a hoc vao bai tap cu the. HS ve c hnh thoi
mot cah chnh xac. Chng minh c nh l ve dien tch hnh thoi.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve 147)
- HS : On 2, 3,4 ; lam bai tap nha.
Cho t giac ABCD co AC
BD tai H (hnh ve)
B
A
H
C
D
Hay ien vao cho trong:
S
ABCD
= S
+ S
..

S
ABC
= . . . . . .
S
ADC
= . . . . . .
Suy ra S
ABCD
= . . . . . . . .

kiem tra
cua HS

- Thu bai lam mot vai em
sa sai (neu co)
- anh gia, cho iem

- Mot HS len bang, ca lp
lam vao v.
S
ABCD
= S
ADC
+ S
ABC

S
ADC
= AC. BH
S
ABC
= AC.DH
Suy ra: S
ABCD
= AC.(BH+DH)
= AC.BD

- HS nhan xet bang, t sa
sai (neu co)
5. DIEN TCH
HNH THOI
- Tnh dien tch hnh thoi theo
hai ng cheo nh the
nao ? e biet c ieu
o chung ta vao bai hoc
hom nay

- HS chu y nghe va ghi ta
bai
1. Cach tm dien tch cua
mot t giac co hai
cheo vuong goc

B

A

C

D
S
ABCD
= AC.BD
- Trong phan kiem tra
chung ta a tm ra cong
thc tnh dien tch t giac
ac biet nao?
- Viet lai cong thc tnh
o?

- Tra li: t giac co hai
ng cheo vuong goc
- Viet cong thc va ve hnh
vao v
Hoat ong 4 : Dien tch hnh thoi (9)
tch hnh thoi :

h d
1
d
2

S = d
1
.d
2

hoac S = a.h
- Yeu cau HS oc ?2
- Gi y: ng cheo hnh
thoi co g ac biet?
- T o hay suy ra cong
thc tnh dien tch hnh thoi?
(vi hai ng cheo la d
1

va d
2
)
- Nhng hnh thoi con la
hnh bnh hanh, vay em co
- HS oc ?2
- Tra li: Hthoi co hai ng
cheo vuong goc.
- Cong thc:
S
hthoi
= d
1
.d
2

- oc ?3, tra li:
S
hthoi
= a.h
a
Tiet : 34
Ngay soan :
05/01/11
Ngay day: 13/01/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
suy ngh g ve cong thc
tnh dien tch hnh thoi ?
Hoat ong 5 : Ap dung (12)
3. V du :
A E B
M N

D H G C
Cho AB = 30 cm; CD = 50
cm
S
ABCD
= 800m
2
; E,G,M,N la
trung iem cac canh hnh
thang ABCD.
+ T giac ABCD la hnh
g?
+ Tnh S
MENG

- Neu v du
147 (cha ve hai oan MN
va EG). - Cho HS chng
minh hnh tnh t giac
MENG

- Ve them MN va EG.
Hoi: MN la g tren hnh
ve?

- Goi HS neu cach tm dien
tch hnh thoi MENG.
- Cho HS xem lai bai giai
sgk
- HS oc v du, ve hnh vao
v
- Nhn hnh ve e chng minh
hnh tnh t giac MENG (ke
them ng cheo AC va BD)
MENG la hnh thoi.
ap MN la tb cua hnh thang
ABCD cung la cheo cua hnh
thoi MENG.
S
MENG
= MN.EG, ma EG = AH
- Tm AH t cong thc tnh
S
ABCD

F B E
A O C

D
Ve hcn ACEF sao cho
S
ABCD
= S
ACEF

- Neu bai tap 33 (sgk)
- Neu lay mot canh cua
hcn la ng cheo AC cua
hthoi ABCD ta can chieu
rong la bao nhieu? (lu y
S
ACEF
= S
ABCD
)
- Ta dng hnh ch nhat nh
the nao? (goi mot HS len
bang)
- Nhan xet, sa sai (neu
co)
- Neu lay BD lam mot
canh hnh ch nhat ?

- oc e bai, neu GT KL
- Thao luan theo nhom cung
ban va tra li:
S
ABCD
= AC.BD; S
ACEF
= AC.x
AC.BD = AC.x x = BD
vay canh kia cua hcn = BD
- Mot HS len bang ve hnh va
chng minh S
ABCD
= S
ACEF

- Tng t
- Hoc bai: nam vng cong
thc tnh dien tch
- Lam bai tap 32, 34, 35, 36
sgk trang 128, 129.

v bai tap
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................
Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 5
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS c cung co vng chac cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac.
- Co ky nang van dung cong thc tren vao bai tap ; ren luyen ky nang tnh
toan tm dien tch cac hnh a hoc.
II/ CHUAN B :

3. Tnh S
ABC
biet BC =
3cm, ng cao AH =
0,2dm?
4. a)Xem hnh 133. Hay
ch ra cac tam giac co
cung dien tch (lay o
vuong lam n v dien
tch).
b) Hai tam giac co dien
tch bang nhau th co bang
nhau khong?
kiem tra, hnh ve 133 (sgk)
- Goi HS len bang


li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
bai tap:
1. S
ABC
= BC.AH = 3.2 = 3cm
2

2a) Cac tam giac so 1, 3, 6 co
cung dien tch la 4 o vuong.
Cac tam giac 2, 8 co cung dien
tch la 3 o vuong.
b) Hai tam giac co dien tch bang
nhau khong nhat thiet bang nhau
va bai lam tren bang. T sa
sai
Gt: cho AABC
Kl: ve hcn co 1 canh
bang 1
canh A va S
CN
= S
A

A

E M K N D

B H C
- Neu bai 20, cho HS oc e
bai
Hoi: Gthiet cho g? Kluan g?
- Hay phat hoa va ngh xem
ve nh the nao?
- Gi y: - Da vao cong
thc tnh dien tch cac hnh
va ieu kien bai toan.
- MN la ng trung bnh cua
AABC

- HS oc e bai 20 sgk
- HS neu GT KL bai toan
- Phat hoa hnh ve, suy ngh, tra
li
S
A
= ah ; S
CN
= ab ; S
A
= S
CN

ah = ab b = h
- Thc hanh giai theo nhom:
Dng hcn BEDC nh hnh ve, ta
co:
AEBM = AKAM S
EBM
= S
KAM

ADCN = AKAN S
DCN
= S
KAN

S
ABC
= S
KAM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
KAN
(1)
S
BCDE
= S
EBM
+ S
MBCN
+ S
DCN
(2) (1),
(2)S
ABC
= S
BCDE
= BC.AH

- Neu bai tap 13 sgk, ve hnh
125 len bang.
Hoi: Dung tnh chat 1 va 2
ve dien tch a giac em co

- oc e bai, ve hnh vao v,
ghi Gt Kl.
Quan sat hnh ve, suy ngh cach
giai
Tiet : 35
Ngay soan :
15/01/11
Ngay day: 19/01/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
H`ch nhat ABCD
Gt E e AC
FG//AD; HK//AB
Kl S
EFBK
= S
EGDH

A F B

H E K

D C
the ghep hnh ch nhat EFBC
va EGHD vi nhng A nao
co cung dien tch va co the
tao ra nhng hnh e so sanh
dien tch? (ng cheo AC
tao ra nhng A nao co cung
dien tch?)
ABC
= S
ADC

. Tng t ta cung co: S
AFE
= S
AHE
;
S
EKC
= S
EGC

Suy ra: S
ABC
S
AFE
S
EKC
=
S
ADC
S
AHE
S
EGC

Hay S
EFBK
= S
EGDH

Hoat ong 3 : Cung co (3
- Cho HS nhac lai 3 tnh chat
c ban ve dien tch a giac
- HS nhac lai tnh chat c ban
cua a giac
- Hoc on cac cong thc tnh
dien tch a hoc
trang 119, 120
- Chuan b giay lam bai
kiem tra 15

- HS nghe dan va ghi chu vao v
bai tap

...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................
Gio n hnh hc 8
6. DIEN TCH A GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam cong thc tnh dtch a giac n gian, ac biet la cach tnh dtch tam
giac, hnh thang.
- Biet chia mot cach hp l a giac can tm dien tch thanh nhng a giac n
gian ma ta co the tnh c dien tch.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (hnh ve 148, 149, 150)
- HS : Thc thang co chia khoang chnh xac en mm; may tnh bo tui.

NOI DUNG HOA T ONG CUA GV HOA T ONG CUA HS
- Phat bieu, viet cong thc tnh
S
hthoi
?
- GV neu cau hoi - HS ng tai cho, tra li.
6. DIEN TCH A GIAC
La the nao e tnh dien
tch cua mot a giac bat
k ?

HS ghi ta bai
1. Cach tnh dien tch cua mot a
giac bat k:

(148)

a b

(149)
- Chia a thc thanh nhng A,
hthang
- Tnh dien tch a giac c a ve
tnh dtch cua nhng A, hthang

Cho cac a giac bat k,
hay neu pp co the dung
e tnh dtch cac a giac?
(treo bang phu hnh 148,
149)
Hng dan HS cach thc
hien chia a giac thanh
cac tam giac, t giac co
the tnh c dien tch de
dang

Ve cac a giac vao v,
suy ngh va tra li:
- Chia a giac thanh nhng
A, hnh thang
- Tnh dien tch cac tam
giac, hnh thang o.
- Van dung tnh chat ve
dien tch a giac ta co
c dien tch can tnh.
Hoat ong 4 : Thc hanh (10)
2. V du: Tnh dien tch a giac
ABCDEGHI tren hnh ve :

A B

- Neu v du, treo bang phu
ve hnh 150, cho HS thc
hanh theo nhom.

- Theo doi cac nhom thc
hien

- Cho ai dien cac nhom
len bang trnh bay.
- Yeu cau cac nhom
khac gop y
- Nhn hnh ve, thao luan
theo nhom de tm cach tnh
dien tch a giac
ABCDEGHI.
ai dien cac nhom trnh
bay bai lam cua nhom
mnh:
S
AIH
= AH.IK =
S
ABGH
= AB. AH =
S
CDEG
= (DE+CG)DC =
=
S
ABCDEGHI
= S
AHI
+ S
ABGH
+
S
CDEG

=
Tiet : 36
Ngay soan : 15/01/11
Ngay day: 20/01/11
Gio n hnh hc 8

- Giao vien nhan xet, ket
luan.

- Cac nhom khac gop y
kien.
B

A
H K

G
C

E
D
S
ABCDE
?
- Cho HS lam bai tap 37
Sgk trang 130: Hay thc
phep o (chnh xac en
mm). Tnh dien tch hnh
ABCDE (H.152 sgk)?
(Can o nhng oan nao?)

- GV thu va cham bai lam
mot vai HS
- oc e bai (sgk)
Lam viec ca nhan: o o
dai cac oan thang (AC,
BG, AH HK, KC, HE, KD)
trong sgk
Tnh cac dien tch:
S
ABC
= AC.BG
S
AHE
= AH. HE
S
HKDE
= (HE+KD).HK
S
KDC
= KD.KC
S = S
ABC
+S
AHE
+S
HKDE
+S
KDC
A E B

120m

D F 50m G C
150m
- Neu bai tap 38 (sgk): D
kien cua bai toan c
cho tren hnh ve. Hay tnh
dien tch con ng EBGF
va dien tch phan con lai?
- oc e bai, ve hnh.
- Neu cach tnh va lam
vao v, mot HS lam
bang:
Dien tch con ng:
S
EBGF
= 50.120 = 6000 (m
2
)
Dien tch am at:
S
ABCD
= 150.120 = 18000 (m
2
)
Dien tch at con lai:
18000 6000 = 12000 (m
2
)
- Lam bai tap 39, 40 sgk
trang 131.
- On tap chng II: cac
nh l, cong thc tnh dien
tch

vao v bai tap
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
.................................
C
D
E
K
I
H G
Gio n hnh hc 8
Chng III: TAM GIAC ONG DANG
1. NH L TA-LET TRONG TAM GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha ve t so cua hai oan thang; ve oan thang t le.
- HS can nam vng noi dung cua nh l Ta-let (thuan) , van dung nh l vao
viec tm ra cac t so bang nhau tren hnh ve.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc ke, bang phu (hnh 3 sgk), bang nhom, but bang.
- HS : dung cu hoc hnh hoc.
- Phng phap : am thoai, trc quan, hp tac nhom

GV
HOAT ONG CUA HS
Hoat ong 1 : Gii thieu chng, bai mi (2)

Chng III: TAM GIAC
ONG DANG
1. NH L TALET
TRONG TAM GIAC
- GV gii thieu s lc
noi dung chu yeu cua
chng III :
- nh l Talet (thuan,
ao, hqua)
- Tnh chat ng phan
giac cua tam giac.
- Tam giac ong dang
va cac ng dung cua
no.Bai au tien cua
chng la

- HS nghe GV trnh bay, xem muc
luc trang 134 sgk.
Hoat ong 2 : T so cua hai oan thang (8)
1. Tso cua hai oan
thang :
nh ngha :
(sgk)
K hieu t so cua hai oan
thang AB va CD la
CD
AB

V du:
AB = 300cm
CD = 400cm
4
3
400
300
= =
CD
AB

Chu y : (sgk)
- Ta a biet tso cua
hai so (lp 6) Vi hai
oan thang, ta cung co
khai niem t so.
- T so cua hai oan
thang la g?
- Cho HS lam ?1

- GV:
CD
AB
la t so cua
hai oan thang AB va
CD. Vay t so cua hai
oan thang la g?
- Gii thieu k hieu t
so hai oan thang. Neu
v du: cho o dai AB CD
goi HS tnh t so.
- Neu chu y nh sgk.

- HS lam ?1 va tra li:
7
4
7
4
;
5
3
5
3
= = = =
dm
dm
MN
EF
cm
cm
CD
AB

- HS phat bieu nh ngha t so
cua hai oan thang
- HS tnh t so:
4
3
) ( 400
) ( 300
= =
cm
cm
CD
AB

- HS oc chu y (sgk) va ghi bai.
Hoat ong 3 : oan thang t le (7)
2. oan thang tle:
A B
C D
A B
GV a ?2 len bang phu
Cho bon oan thang AB,
CD, AB, CD so sanh

HS lam bai vao v (mot HS lam
bang)
Tiet : 37
Ngay soan :
20/01/11
Ngay day: 26/01/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
C D

nh ngha: (sgk)
cac t so
CD
AB
va
' '
' '
D C
B A

Trong trng hp nay ta
noi hai oan thang AB,
CD t le vi hai oan
thang AB, CD
nh ngha?
Lu y HS cach viet t
le thc 2 dang trong
nh ngha la tng

' '
' '
3
2
6
4
' '
' '
3
2
D C
B A
CD
AB
D C
B A
CD
AB
=
= =
=

HS oc nh ngha Sgk
HS khac nhac lai.
Hoat ong 4 : nh l Talet (20)
3. nh l Talet trong tam
giac:
(sgk trang 58)
B C
Gt: AABC, BC//BC
(BeAB; CeAC)
Kl:
' ' ' ' C A
AC
B A
AB
=
;
C C
AC
B B
AB
'
'
'
'
=

AC
C C
AB
BB ' '
=

GV a ra hnh ve 3 sgk (tr
57) tren bang phu, yeu
cau HS thc hien ?3
Gi y: goi moi oan
chan tren canh AB la m,
moi oan chan tren
canh AC la n.
Noi: Tuy theo so o
cua cac oan thang
tren 2 canh AB va AC
cua AABC ma ta co
cac t so cu the. Tong
quat ta co nh l?
Goi HS khac nhac lai
va ghi Gt- Kl
Noi: nh l nay c
ap dung e tnh so o 1
oan thang biet o dai
3 oan kia trong cac oan
thang t le.

HS oc ?3 va phan hng dan
trang 57 sgk
HS ien vao bang phu:
a)
8
5 ' '
= =
AC
AC
AB
AB

b)
3
5
'
'
'
'
= =
C C
AC
B B
AB

c)
8
3 ' '
= =
AC
C C
AB
B B

HS neu nh l SGK trang 58

HS nhac lai va len bang ghi Gt-KL

Xem v du sgk.
4. Luyen tap:
?4 Tnh cac o dai x va y
trong hnh ve:
a) A
2 x
D E
5 10
B C

b) C

5cm 4cm
D E y
3,5
B A
- Neu ?4 cho HS thc
hien
- Cho cac nhom cung
day ban giai cung mot
cau
Theo doi cac nhom lam
bai
- Cho ai dien 2 nhom
trnh bay bai giai (bang
phu nhom)
- Cho HS cac nhom
khac nhan xet
- Nhan xet, anh gia
bai lam cua cac nhom.
- Thc hien ?4 theo nhom.
ai dien 2nhom trnh bay bai
giai
b) DE//BC nen
EC
AE
DB
AD
= (l )
hay
10 5
2 x
=
x = (2.10):5 = 4(cm)

b) DE//AB (cung AC). Ap dung
nh l Talet trong AABC, ta co:
) ( 8 , 2
5
14
5
5 , 3 . 4
4
5 , 3
5
cm EA
EA EA
CE
DB
CD
= = =
= = =

A
C B a
Gio n hnh hc 8
y = AE + EC = 2,8 + 4 = 6,8 (cm)
Bai 1 trang 58 SGK
Viet t so cac cap oan
thang co o dai nh sau:
a) AB = 5cm va CD = 15cm
b) EF = 48cm va GH = 16dm
c) PQ = 1,2m va MN = 24cm
Bai 1 trang 58 SGK
- Ghi bang bai tap 1 sgk
cho HS thc hien.
- Goi 3 HS len bang
- Lu y: cac oan thang
phai cung n v o

- Ba HS len bang tnh:
a)
3
1
15
5
= =
cm
cm
CD
AB

b)
10
3
160
48
= =
cm
cm
GH
EF

c)
5
24
120
= =
cm
cm
MN
PQ

- Hoc thuoc nh l Talet
trong tam giac.
- Lam bai tap 2, 3, 4, 5
sgk trang 59
HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
2. NH L AO VA HE QUA
CUA NH L TALET
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng noi dung nh l ao cua nh l Talet.
- Van dung nh l e xac nh c cac cap thang song song trong hnh ve vi
so lieu a cho.
- Hieu c cach chng minh he qua cua nh l Talet, ac biet la phai nam
c cac trng hp co the xay ra khi ve ng thang BC song song vi canh BC.
- Qua moi hnh ve, HS viet c t le thc hoac day cac t so bang nhau.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (hnh 11, 12)
- HS : Thc, eke, compa. Hoc ky 1
- Phng phap : am thoai Trc quan.

1) Phat bieu nh l Talet.
2) Cho AABC co MN//BC
(hnh ve). Hay tnh x?
A

7,5

10 cm

6

x
B

C

Treo bang phu a ra e
kiem tra
Goi HS len bang
Kiem tra v bai tap vai
HS

Cho HS nhan xet cau tra
li va bai lam bang

anh gia cho iem

HS oc yeu cau e kiem tra
Mot HS len bang tra li va lam
bai, ca lp lam vao v bai tap
2):
Do MN//BC nen
NC
AN
MB
AM
=
Hay
x
10
6
5 , 7
= x =
5 , 7
10 . 6
= 8(cm
Tham gia nhan xet cau tra li va
bai lam tren bang
T sa sai (neu co)
2. NH L AO VA
HE QUA CUA NH
L TALET.

GV gii thieu va ghi ta
bai mi

HS nghe gii thieu va ghi bai
Hoat ong 3 : nh l ao (12)
1/ nh l ao :
A
C
B C

B C
Gt AABC, BeAB, CeAC

AC
AC
AB
AB ' '
=
Kl BC// BC
nh l (sgk)
?2

- Cho HS lam ?1 trang 59
- Goi mot HS len bang ve
hnh va ghi GT-KL
- Yeu cau HS nhn hnh ve
nham tnh cac t so va tra
li cau 1
- Goi mot HS tnh bang
cau 2
- Gi y : ap dung nh l
Talet.

- Ket qua nay chnh la noi
dung cua nh l Talet ao
> Goi HS oc nh l
Cho HS thc hien ?2 (a ra
noi dung ?2 va hnh ve 9
- Thc hien ?1, HS ve hnh ghi gt-kl
Nhn hnh ve bang, tra li cau
1
3
1 ' '
= =
AC
AC
AB
AB

Tnh AC. Do BC//BC nen:
AC
AC
AB
AB " '
=
(l Talet trong AABC)
hay
6
9 . 2
"
9
"
6
2
= = AC
AC
= 6(cm)
- Nhan xet: C C va BC//BC

- HS oc nh l Talet ao (sgk)
- Thc hien ?2 theo nhom :
a) )
2
1
(= =
AC
AE
AB
AD
DE//BC (l ao
N M
Tiet : 38
Ngay soan :
04/02/12
Ngay day: 08/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
A
3 5
D E
6 10

B 7 F 14 C

tren bang phu)

- Gi y: van dung nh l
Talet ao e xet xem cac
ng thang co ssong
khong (bang cac so lieu
cu the tren hnh ve)

- Cho HS nhan xet va anh
gia bai cac nhom
cua nh lTalet)

FB
CF
AE
EC
= (= 2) EF// AB (l ao
cua nh l Talet)
b) BDEF la hnh bnh hanh (t
giac co cac canh oi ssong)
c) V BDEF la hnh bnh hanh DE
= BF = 7
vay
3
1
= = =
BC
DE
AC
AE
AB
AD

- Nhan xet : cac cap canh cua
AADE va AABC t le vi nhau
(ai dien mot nhom trnh bay)
Hoat ong 4 : He qua (16)
2/ He qua cua nh l
Talet:
A

B C a

B C

Gt AABC ; BC//BC
(Be AB ; Ce AC)
Kl
BC
C B
AC
AC
AB
AB ' ' ' '
= =
Chng minh (sgk)

Chu y: Cac trng hp
ac biet cua he qua
nh l Talet
A

B C
a B C

BC//BC
BC
C B
AC
AC
AB
AB ' ' ' '
= =
- Trong ?2 t Gt ta co
DE//BC va suy ra AADE co
ba canh t le vi ba canh
cua AABC, o chnh la noi
dung he qua cua nh l
Talet. Goi HS oc
- GV ve hnh len bang, yeu
cau HS tom tat Gt-Kl
- Chng minh ?
Gi y : t BC//BC ta suy ra
c ieu g?
- e co
AC
AC
BC
BC ' '
= nh ?2
ta can ve them ng ke
phu nao?
- Neu cach chng minh ?
- Sau o, cho HS oc phan
cminh trong sgk.
- Treo bang hnh 11 va neu
chu y sgk

C B a

A

B C

- HS oc he qua nh l (sgk) va
ghi bai

- HS ve hnh vao v va tom tat
Gt Kl
Suy c
AC
AC
AB
AB ' '
=
ap: ke CD//AB
- HS tiep tuc chng minh bang li

- HS oc chng minh sgk

- Quan sat hnh ve, nghe hieu
Viet ra cac t le thc
Ve hnh vao v

?3 Tnh x trong cac hnh ve
sau: (bang phu)
Treo bang phu ve hnh 12
cho HS thc hien ?3
Theo doi HS thc hien
va nhan xet cheo
- GV sa sai (neu co)
Thc hien ?3 theo nhom (moi
nhom giai 1 bai) :
(s: a/ x = 2,6 ; b/ x = 3,5 ; c/ x = 5,25)
- ai dien nhom trnh bay, HS
nhom khac nhan xet
- T sa sai
Gio n hnh hc 8
- Hoc bai: nam vng nh
l Talet ao va he qua
- Lam bai tap 6, 7 (trang
62), 9 (trang 63)

- HS nghe dan
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 1,2
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co, khac sau nh l Talet (Thuan ao He qua)
- Ren luyen ky nang giai bai tap tnh o dai oan thang, tm cac cap ng
thang song song, bai toan chng minh.
- HS biet cach trnh bay bai toan.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc, eke, bang phu (ve cac hnh 16, 17)
- HS : On nh l thuan, ao va he qua cua nh l Ta let.
- Phng phap : am thoai Hp tac nhom nho.


HS
1
: - Phat bieu nh l
Talet ao? (5)
- Giai bai 6a (sgk) (5)

HS
2
: - Phat bieu he qua
cua nh l Talet (5)
- Giai bai 7a (sgk) (5)
kiem tra (ghi san cau hoi,
bai tap, hnh ve 13a, 14a)
- Goi HS len bang lam bai

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
- Hai HS len bang tra li va
bai tap:
6a) Ta co
3
1
= =
NC
BN
MC
AM
nen
MN//AB (l Talet ao)

PB
AP
MC
AM
= nen PM // BC
7a) MN//BC
BC
MN
AB
AM
= hay
5 , 9
8 . 5 , 37 8
28 5 , 9
5 , 9
= =
+
x
x
= 31,58
Bai 10 trang 63 SGK
A

d B H C

B H C

AABC ; AH BC ;
d//BC
Gt (d) cat AB tai B; AC tai
C; AH tai H
- Neu bai tap 10, ve hnh 16
len bang. Goi HS tom tat
GT-KL
Van dung kien thc nao e
chng minh cau a ?
- Ap dung he qua nh l
Talet vao nhng A nao?
Tren hnh ve co nhng
oan thang nao ssong?
- Co the ap dung he qua
cua nh l Talet vao nhng
tam giac nao (co lien quan
en KL) ?
- Goi mot HS trnh bay
bang
- Cho HS nhan xet, sa sai
- Yeu cau HS hp tac lam
bai tiep (cau b) (2HS lam
tren bang phu)
- oc e bai, ve hnh vao v
- Mot HS ghi GT-KL bang
ap: van dung he qua l
Talet.
- HS thao luan nhom, tra li
va giai
a) Ap dung he qua nh l
Talet:
AAHB
BH
H B
AH
AH ' ' '
= (1)
AAHC
HC
C H
AH
AH ' ' '
= (2)
BC
C B
AH
AH
hay
BC
C B
HC BH
C H H B
HC
C H
BH
H B
AH
AH
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
= =
+
+
=
= =

b) T Gt AH= 1/3AH

3
1 '
=
AH
AH

3
1 ' '
=
BC
C B

Tiet : 39
Ngay soan :
04/02/12
Ngay day: 11/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
AH= 1/3AH; S
ABC
= 67,5
Kl a)
BC
C B
AH
AH ' ' '
=
b) S
ABC
= ?
T so lieu Gt cho, hay tnh
BC
C B
AH
AH ' ' '

- Hay nh lai cong thc tnh
S
A
va cac so lieu va tm
c e tm S
ABC

- Theo doi HS lam bai.
- Kiem bai lam vai HS
- Nhan xet, sa hoan chnh
bai lam bang phu nhom
ma S
ABC
= AH.BC
S
ABC
= AH.BC
Do o :
9
1
3
1 '
' '
.
'
.
2
1
' ' '.
2
1
2 2
' '
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
= =
AH
AH
BC
C B
AH
AH
BC AH
C B AH
S
S
ABC
C AB

S
ABC
= 1/9 S
ABC
= 1/9.67.5 = 7,5
(cm
2
)
- Nhan xet bai lam bang.
Bai 11 trang 63 SGK
15
A

M
K
N

E
I
F

B H C
Gt: AABC , BC = 15cm
AH BC; I, Ke AH
IK = KI = IH
EF//BC; MN//BC;
S
ABC
= 27 cm
2

Kl: a) MN = ? ; EF = ?
b) S
MNEF
= ?
- Yeu cau HS oc bai 11 sgk
- Ve hnh len bang, goi HS
tom tat GT-KL
- Hoi : co nhan xet g ve
o dai cac oan thang AK,
AI, AH?
Bang cach nao co the tnh
c MN va EF?
- Hng dan HS thc hien
cau b:
- Em co the ap dung ket
qua cau b) bai 10 e tnh
c
2
|
.
|
\
|
=
AH
AK
S
S
ABC
AMN
S
AMN

2
|
.
|
\
|
=
AH
AI
S
S
ABC
AEF
S
AEF

- Roi van dung tnh chat 2
ve dtch a giac e tnh S
MNFE

- Goi mot HS thc hien
bang.
- Hoi : Con cach nao khac
e tnh S
MNFE
?
- Yeu cau HS ve nha tnh
theo cach nay roi so sanh
ket qua.
- HS oc e bai
- Neu tom tat Gt-Kl, ve hnh
vao v.
ap: AK = KI = IH
AK = 1/3 AH; AI = 2/3AH
- Thc hienh cau a) bai 10 ta
tnh c MN = 1/3BC va EF =
2/3BC
- HS giai cau b theo hng dan
cua GV:
- Goi dien tch cua cac tam giac
AMN, AEF, ABC la S
1
, S
2
va S.
ap dung kqua cau b) bai 10, ta
co:
S S
AH
AK
S
S
9
1
9
1
1
2
1
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
S S
AH
AI
S
S
9
4
9
4
2
2
2
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
S
2
S
1
=
3
1
9
1
9
4
=
|
.
|
\
|
S S = 90
Vay S
MNFE
= 90 cm
2

- HS lp nhan xet, hoan chnh
bai.
- Suy ngh, tra li: Co the tnh
AH KI la ng cao cua hnh
thang MNFE.
- Hoc bai: Nam vng nh l
Talet (thuan, ao) he qua
cua nh l Talet
- Lam bai tap 12, 13 (tr 64
sgk)

v bai tap
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
3. TNH CHAT NG PHAN GIAC CUA
TAM GIAC
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng noi dung ve nh l tnh chat ng phan giac, hieu c cach
chng minh trng hp AD la tia phan giac cua goc A.
- Van dung l giai c cac bai tap SGK (Tnh o dai cac oan thang va
chng minh hnh hoc).
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, compa, bang phu (hnh 20, 21)
- HS : Thc, eke, compa.

1) Phat bieu he qua
nh l Talet.
2) Cho hnh ve. Hay so
sanh t so
DC
DB
va
AC
BE
(BE//AC)?
A

B

C
E
kiem tra
- Goi HS len bang
HS

li va bai lam bang

- anh gia cho iem
bai tap 2):
Do BE//AC nen theo he qua nh
l Talet ta co:

AC
BE
DC
DB
=
- T sa sai (neu co)
3. TNH CHAT
NG PHAN
GIAC CUA TAM
GIAC
- Neu AD la phan giac
cua goc BAC th ta se co
c ieu g?
- o la noi dung bai hoc
hom nay

- HS nghe gii thieu va ghi bai
Hoat ong 3 : nh l (20)
1/ nh l :
(sgk)
A

B D C

E

Gt AABC, AD phan giac
cua BAC
D e BC
Kl
AC
AB
DC
DB
=

Cho HS lam ?1 trang 65. treo
bang phu ve hnh 20 trang
65 (ve AABC co AB = 3
v, AC = 6 v, A = 100
0
)
Goi mot HS len bang ve
tia phan giac AD, roi o
o dai DB, DC va so sanh
cac t so
Ket qua tren van ung
vi moi tam giac. Ta co
nh l
- Cho HS oc nh l (sgk)
- Cho HS ve hnh va ghi
tom tat GT-KL
- a lai hnh ve kiem tra
A
100
0

3 6

B D C
HS o o dai 2oan DB va DC
tren hnh , tnh cac t so va so
sanh >
AC
AB
DC
DB
=

- HS oc nh l sgk
- Len bang ve hnh va ghi GT-
KL

Neu AD la phan giac A th
BED = BAD (= DAC)
D
Tiet : 40
Ngay soan :
10/02/12
Ngay day: 15/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8

bai cu : Neu AD la phan
giac goc A. Hay so sanh
BE va AB. T o suy ra
ieu g ?
- e chng minh nh l
can ve them ng nao?
- Yeu cau mot HS chng
minh mieng bai toan. GV
uon nan va yeu cau ca
lp t ghi vao v .
AABE can tai B AB = BE
ma
AC
AB
DC
DB
AC
BE
DC
DB
= =
T B ve thang ssong vi AC
cat AD tai E.
- HS chng minh mieng
- Ca lp nhan xet, hoan chnh
bai chng minh vao v.
Hoat ong 4 : Chu y (10)
2/ Chu y :
nh l van ung oi
vi tia phan giac cua
goc ngoai cua tam giac
A
E

D B
C
AD la tia pgiac cua goc
ngoai tai A
AC
AB
DC
B D
=
'
(AB = AC)
- Lu y HS : nh l ve
ng phan giac cua mot
tam giac van ung oi
vi tia phan giac cua goc
ngoai cua tam giac
gii thieu: tren hnh co
AABC va AD la tia phan
giac cua goc ngoai tai
nh A (vi AB = AC)
- Goi HS ghi t le thc
lien quan
- Lu y A co 3 goc trong
nen co 3 ng phan
giac.
- Chu y nghe hieu.
- Ghi bai vao v

- Ve hnh 22 vao v

- Da vao nh l e ghi t le
thc:

AC
AB
C D
B D
=
'
'

?2 Cho AABC co AD la
tia phan giac cua A
(hve)
a) Tnh x/y.
b) Tnh x khi y = 5
(hnh ve 23 sgk)
cho HS thc hien ?2 theo
nhom
- Theo doi HS thc hien
- Kiem bai lam mot vai
HS
va nhan xet cheo
- Thc hien ?2 theo nhom (moi
nhom cung day giai 1 bai) :
?2 a)
15
7
5 . 7
5 . 3
= =
y
x

b) x = 2,3
?3 HF = 5,1 x = 3 + 5,1 = 8,1
- ai dien nhom trnh bay, HS
nhom khac nhan xet
- T sa sai
- Lam bai tap 15, 16, 17
(trang 68 sgk)

v bai tap
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
LUYEN TAP 3
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co cho HS ve nh l Talet , he qua cua nh l Talet, ng phan giac
trong tam giac.
- Ren cho HS ky nang van dung nh l vao viec giai bai tap e tnh o dai
oan thang, chng minh ng thang song song.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 25sgk)
- HS : On nh l thuan, ao va hqua cua nh l Talet, tnh chat ng phan
giac trong tam giac, thc, compa.

1/ - Phat bieu nh l tnh
chat ng phan giac
cua tam giac? (5)
2/ - Tm x trong hnh ve
A

3,5 7
B 3 D x C
bai tap, hnh ve)
- Goi HS len bang


li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
bai tap:
AD la phan giac goc A cua
AABC
Nen
AC
AB
DC
DB
= hay
6
5 , 3
7 , 3
7
5 , 3 3
= = = x
x
(cm)
- T sa sai (neu co)
Bai 16 trang 67 SGK
A

m n

B D C
AABC ; AB = m; AN = n
Gt AD la phan giac cua
A
Kl
n
m
S
S
ACD
ABD
=

Neu bai tap 16. Goi HS tom
tat Gt-Kl, ve hnh.
Yeu cau cua e bai?
Van dung kien thc nao e
cminh ? Hay cho biet t so
m/n?
V sao?
Hay dung cong thc tnh S
A

e tm t so S
ABD
/S
ACD
?
T o co the ket luan
pcm?

Goi mot HS trnh bay bang
Cho HS nhan xet, sa sai
oc e bai, ve hnh vao v
Mot HS ghi Gt-Kl bang
HS thao luan nhom, tra li va
giai
Ap dung nh l phan giac cua
tam giac:
DC
DB
AC
AB
n
m
= =
Ke ng cao AH, ta co:
DC
DB
DC AH
DB AH
S
S
ACD
ABD
= =
.
2
1
.
2
1

Mot HS trnh bay bang,ca
lp lam vao v
Bai 17 trang 68 SGK
A

D E

B M C
- Neu bai tap 17, treo hnh ve
25 len bang
- e chng minh DE//BC ta
van dung kien thc nao?
Chng minh
(GV co the gi y tom tat
- HS oc e bai, ve hnh vao
v.
- Tra li cau hoi va ng dung
giai:
Xet AAMB co MD la phan giac
Tiet : 41
Ngay soan :
12/02/12
Ngay day: 18/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
AABC; MB = MC
Gt MD la pgiac AMB
ME la pgiac AMC
Kl DE//BC
cho HS bang s o phan tch i
len)
- Goi 1 HS giai bang
(HS da vao phan tch trnh
bay bai giai)
cho HS lp nhan xet bai giai
bang
goc AMB
MA
MB
DA
DB
= (t/c pg)
Xet AAMC co ME la phan giac
goc AMC
MA
MC
EA
EC
= (t/c pg)
Ma MB = MC (gt)
EA
EC
DA
DB
= DE//BC (nh l
ao cua nh l Talet)
Bai 17 trang 68 SGK
A

5 6

B C
E
Gt AABC; AB = 5cm
AC = 6cm; BC = 7cm
A
1
= A
2
(Ee BC)
Kl Tnh BE? CE?
Cho HS oc va ve hnh bai
tap 18 sgk
Lam the nao e tnh EB, EC?
Gi y: co the s dung cac
cach bien oi t le thc va
t/c day t so bang nhau e
co c cac t le thc lien
quan
Cho HS hp tac lam bai theo
nhom.
Theo doi va giup cac
nhom yeu lam bai.
Cho ai dien nhom trnh bay.
Cac nhom con lai nhan xet
oc e bai, ve hnh; ghi Gt-Kl
HS hp tac lam bai theo nhom
nho ai dien nhom trnh bay:
Do AC la phan giac goc A, E
e BC nen
6
5
= =
AC
AB
EC
EB
hay
11
7
11 6 5 6 5
= =
+
+
= =
BC EC EB EC EB

Vay :
2 . 3
11
7 . 5
11
7
5
= = = EB
EB
(cm)
8 . 3
11
7 . 6
11
7
6
= = = EC
EC
(cm)
Hoc on lai nh l Talet
(thuan, ao, he qua) va tnh
chat ng phan giac cua
tam giac.
Lam bai tap 19, 20,21 sgk
trang 68

HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
100 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
4. KHAI NIEM HAI TAM GIAC ONG
DANG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng nh ngha hai tam giac ong dang, tnh chat tam giac ong dang,
k hieu ong dang, t so ong dang.
- HS hieu c cac bc chng minh nh l, van dung nh l e chng minhn tam
giac ong dang, dng tam giac ong dang vi tam giac cho trc theo t so ong
dang.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 28, 29)
- HS : On he qua nh l Talet; sgk, thc, eke.
1) Phat bieu he qua nh l
Talet.
2) Cho AABC co MN//BC.
Hay viet cac cap canh t
le theo he qua cua nh l.
A

B

C
kiem tra
- Goi HS len bang
HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem

4. KHAI NIEM
TAM GIAC
ONG DANG
- Treo tranh ve hnh 28sgk cho
HS nhan xet (hnh dang, kch
thc) . Hnh trong moi
nhom o la nhng hnh
ong dang. ay ta ch
xet cac tam giac ong
dang
- HS nhan xet: Hnh trong moi
nhom co hnh dang giong nhau.
Kch thc co the khac nhau.
- HS nghe gii thieu va ghi bai
Hoat ong 3 : Tam giac ong dang (15)
1/ Tam giac ong dang :
a) nh ngha:
A A

B C
B C
K hieu: AABC AABC
T so gia cac canh tng
ng la k; k goi la t so
ong dang.
K =
AB
B A ' '
=
b) Tnh chat:
- Moi A ong dang vi
chnh no.
- Neu AABC AABC th
AABC AABC
- Treo tranh ve hnh 29, cho
HS lam ?1
- Ghi cac ket qua ?1 len
bang => ket luan AABC va
AABC la hai tam giac
ong dang
- Hay nh ngha hai tam
giac ong dang ?
- Gii thieu k hieu ong
dang va cach ghi ten hai
tam giac ong dang (theo
th t cac nh tng ng)
; t so ong dang k
- Cho HS tra li ?2
- GV lan lt neu cac tnh
chat cua hai tam giac ong
dang.
- Quan sat hnh ve, can c vao
cac k hieu, so lieu tren hnh
e thc hien ?1

- Phat bieu nh ngha (nh sgk)
- HS khac nhac lai
- Nhac lai hoan chnh va ghi
vao v

- Tra li ?2 (1):
- Tra li ?2 (2):
- HS ghi bai
N
M
Tiet : 42
Ngay soan :
17/02/12
Ngay day: 22/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
101 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
- Neu AABC AABC
va AABC AABC th
AABC AABC
(tnh phan xa)
(tnh bac cau)
Hoat ong 3 : nh l (10)
2/ nh l : (sgk)
A

M N (a)

B C
Gt : AABC; MN//BC
MeAB; NeAC
Kl : AAMN AABC
Chng minh:
(sgk)
- Neu ?3, goi 1HS ve hnh
len bang. Cho lp thc
hien
- Gi y: Neu MN//BC, theo
he qua nh l Talet ta rut
ra c g?
- Em co ket luan g ve hai
tam giac AMN va ABC?
- T o hay phat bieu
thanh nh l ?
- Yeu cau HS t ghi nh l ,
GT-KL va t chng minh
lai
- Mot HS len bnag ve hnh.
- Hp tac lam bai theo nhom
cung ban
+ A chung; AMN = ABC;
ANM = ACB (ong v)
+
BC
MN
AC
AN
AB
AM
= =
KL : AAMN AABC
- HS phat bieu nh l
- HS khac nhac lai
- Ghi bai va t chng minh.

Hoat ong 4 : Chu y (8)
3/ Chu y :
nh l van ung cho cac
trng hp sau :

N M

A

B C
- Neu 2 trng hp khac
cua nh l > ve hnh hai
trng hp len bang
A

B C
M N
- Chu y nghe, ve hnh vao v,
ghi bai
Bai 24 - Neu bai tap 24, goi HS
thc hien

va nhan xet cheo
Thc hien theo nhom (mot HS
giai bang) :
AABC AABC => k =
AB
B A ' '

lai co k
1
=
" "
' '
B A
B A
va k
2
=
AB
B A " "

k
1
k
2
=
" "
' '
B A
B A
.
AB
B A " "
=
AB
B A ' '

Vay k = k
1
.k
2

ngha va nh l hai tam giac
ong dang
- Lam bai tap 23, 25

HS nghe dan
Gio n hnh hc 8
102 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
.

LUYEN TAP 4
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co, khac sau cho HS khai niem tam giac ong dang.
- Ren cho HS ky nang van dung vao viec giai bai tap, tnh t so ong dang.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc, eke, compa, bang phu .
- HS : On khai niem tam giac ong dang; thc, compa.
- Phng phap : am thoai Hp tac nhom

1/ - Phat bieu nh ngha,
tnh chat ve hai tam giac
ong dang ? (5)
2/ - Phat bieu nh l ve
tam giac ong dang. Cho
hnh ve, biet DE//AB. Cap
tam giac nao ong dang ?
(5)
A D

B E C
bai tap, hnh ve)
- Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
bai tap:

DE//AB ACDE ACAB

- T sa sai (neu co)
Bai 26 trang 72 SGK
A
A

B C
B C
Giai
Chia Ab thanh 3 phan bang
nhau. T MeAB vi AM =
1/3AB, ke MN//BC ta c:
AAMN AABC (t so k =
2/3)
dng AABC AAMN(ccc)
AABC AAMN
vay AABC AABC theo t
so k = 2/3
- Neu bai tap 26.
- Hoi AABC dAABC vi
t so k = ?, Co y ngha g ?
- Vay lam the nao e dng
c Ami dAABC ?
- Gi y : Co the dung
nhng kien thc sau:
+ nh l ve 2 A dang
+ Tnh chat 3 ve 2A dang
- Goi HS tra li, GV nhan
xet.
bang
- Theo doi, nhac nh HS
lam bai
- Cho HS nhan xet, sa sai
- GV hoan chnh bai
- oc e bai
- Tra li: k = 2/3 co ngha la
t so gia 2 canh tng ng
la 2/3
Suy ngh, tm cach dng
- ng tai cho neu cach thc
hien:
+ Da vao nh l ve 2A dang
dng AAMN d AABC
+ Dng AABC = AAMN (ccc)
AABC d AAMN
Ket luan AABC d AABC
(theo t/c bac cau)
- Mot HS trnh bay bang,ca
lp lam vao v
- HS nhan xet bai lam cua
ban bang
Tiet : 43
Ngay soan :
19/02/12
Ngay day: 25/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
103 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Bai 27 trang 72 SGK

A
M N

B L C

- Neu bai tap 27, yeu cau
HS ve hnh len bang
- Goi mot HS trnh bay cau a
- Ca lp lam vao v

- Goi HS khac len bang lam
cau b, ca lp lam vao v
- GV co the hng dan
them cach van dung bai 24:
AAMN~AABC t so k
1
;
AABC~AMBL t so k
2
;
AAMN~AMBL t so k
3
= k
1
.k
2

k
3
=
cho HS nhan xet bang,
- anh gia cho iem (neu
c)
- HS oc e bai, ve hnh vao
v (mot HS ve bang)
a) Co MN//BC (gt) AAMN ~
AABC (nh l ve A dang) (1)
Co ML//AC (gt) AMBL ~
AABC (l ve A dang) (2)
T (1) va (2) AAMN ~
AMBL (t/c bac cau)
b) AAMN ~AABC M
1
= B
1
;
N
1
= C ; A chung; k =
3
1
=
AB
AM

AMBL ~ AABC M = A ; B
chung; L = C ; k
2
=
3
2
=
AB
MB

AAMN ~ AMBL A = M
2
;
M
1
=B; N
1
= C; k =
2
1
=
MB
AM

- HS lp nhan xet, sa bai
- Xem lai cac bai a giai
- Lam bai tap 28sgk trang 72
v bai tap
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
104 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Q 5. TRNG HP ONG DANG
TH NHAT
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng noi dung nh l (GT va KL) ; hieu c cach chng minh nh l
gom hai bc c ban:
- Dng AAMN ong dang vi AABC
- Chng minh AAMN = AABC.
- Van dung nh l e nhan biet cac cap tam giac ong dang va trong tnh toan.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 32, 34)
- HS : On he qua nh l Talet; sgk, thc, eke, compa.
- Phng phap : Neu van e am thoai Trc quan.

Cho AAbc va AABCnh
hnh ve: A

4 6

B 8 C
A
2 3
B 4 C
Tren cac canh AB va AC
lay iem M,N sao cho AM
= AB=2cm; AN=AC=
3cm
Tnh o dai oan thang
MN

- Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
lam bai, ca lp lam vao v :
A
2 3
M N

B 8 C
Ta co :
MeAB; AM = AB= 2cm
NeAC; AN = AC= 3cm

NC
AN
MB
AM
= (=1) MN//BC (
Talet ao) AAMN ~AABC (l)

2
1
= = =
BC
MN
AC
AN
AB
AM

2
1
8
=
MN
MN = 4
5. TRNG HP
ONG DANG
TH NHAT
- Nhan xet ve cac AABC,
AAMN va AABC? T o
ta co the ket luan g ?
ay la noi dung ta hoc
hom nay
- Theo cm tren AAMN AABC
AAMN = AABC
Vay AABC AABC
Hoat ong 3 : Tm hieu, cm nh l (17)
1/ nh l : (sgk)

A A

- o chnh la noi dung nh
l ve trng hp ong dang
th nhat cua hai tam giac
- GV ve hnh len bang
(cha ve MN)
- HS oc to nh l va ghi bai
- HS ve hnh vao v
- HS neu GT-KL
- HS : Tren AB at AM = AC
Ve MN//BC (Ne AC)
Tiet : 44
Ngay soan :
25/02/12
Ngay day:29/02/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
105 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
B C
B C

GT AABC, AABC

BC
C B
AC
C A
AB
B A ' ' ' ' ' '
= =
KL AABC AABC

Chng minh.
(sgk)
- Yeu cau HS ghi GT-KL
cua nh l.
- e cm nh l, da vao
bai tap va lam, ta can
dng mot A bang AABC va
ong dang vi AABC.
Hay neu cach dng va
hng chng minh nh l?
Theo gia thiet

BC
C B
AC
C A
AB
B A ' ' ' ' ' '
= = ma
MN//BC th ta suy ra c
ieu g?

Ta co AAMN AABC

BC
MN
AC
AN
AB
AM
= =
ma AM = AB

BC
MN
AC
AN
AB
B A
= =
' '

co
BC
C B
AC
C A
AB
B A ' ' ' ' ' '
= = (gt)

AC
AN
AC
C A
=
' '
va
BC
MN
BC
C B
=
' '

AN = AC va MN = BC
AAMN = AABC (ccc)
v AAMN AABC (cm tren)
nen AABC AABC
2/ Ap dung : (sgk)
Tm trong hnh ve cac cap
tam giac ong dang
A D
3 2
4 6 E 4 F

B 8 C
H 6 K
5 4
I
- Cho HS lam ?2 sgk
- GV lu y HS khi lap t so
gia cac canh cua hai tam
giac ta lap t so gia hai
canh ln nhat, cua hai
canh be nhat, hai canh con
lai roi so sanh ba t so
o.
Ap dung : Xet xem AABC
co ong dang vi AIHK
khong?
- HS quan sat hnh, tra li :
hnh 34a, 34b co:
AABC ADFE v
EF
BC
DE
AC
DF
AB
= = = 2

4
3
;
5
6
; 1 = = =
KH
BC
IH
AC
IK
AB

AABC khong d vi AIHK
Do o ADFE cung khong d
vi AIKH
Bai tap 29 A
4 6
A B C
8
6 9

B 12 C
- Neu bai tap 29, goi HS
thc hien


va nhan xet cheo
- Thc hien theo nhom (mot HS
giai bang) :
a) AABC AABC v
2
3
' ' ' ' ' '
= = =
C B
BC
C A
AC
B A
AB
(l)
b) Theo cau a :
)
'
(
2
3
' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' ' '
P
P
C B C A B A
BC AC AB
C B
BC
C A
AC
B A
AB
= =
+ +
+ +
=
= =

l trng hp ong dang
th nhat cua hai tam giac,
hieu hai bc chng minh
l
- Lam bai tap 30, 31 sgk
trang 74, 75
v bai tap
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
106 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh

6. TRNG HP ONG DANG TH HAI
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam vng noi dung nh l (GT va KL) ; hieu c cach chng minh nh l
- Van dung nh l e nhan biet cac cap tam giac ong dang, lam cac bai tap
tnh o dai cac canh va cac bai tap chng minh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, thc o goc; bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 36, 38, 39)
- HS : Nam vng nh ngha hai tam giac ong dang, trng hp ong dang th
nhat; sgk, thc, eke, compa, thc o goc.
- Phng phap : Qui nap am thoai Trc quan.
1. Phat bieu l ve trng
hp ong dang th nhat
cua hai tam giac. (3)
2. Cho AABC va
AABCnh hnh ve:
A D
60
0
8 6
B C
E F
a) So sanh cac t so

DE
AB
va
DF
AC
(3)
b) o cac oan thang BC,
EF. Tnh
EF
BC
? Nhan xet
ve hai tam giac (4)
kiem tra
- Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem

2
1
= =
DF
AC
DE
AB

b) o BC = 3,6 cm, EF = 7,2 cm

2
1
2 , 7
6 , 3
= =
EF
BC

Vay
2
1
= = =
EF
BC
DF
AC
DE
AB

Nx: AABC ADEF (theo trng
hp ong dang ccc)
6. TRNG HP
ONG DANG
TH HAI

- GV gii thieu va ghi ta
bai

- HS ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Tm hieu, cm l (17)
1/ nh l : (sgk)

A A

M N B C
B C

GT AABC, AABC

AC
C A
AB
B A ' ' ' '
= ; A = A
- o chnh la noi dung
nh l ve trng hp ong
dang th hai cua hai tam
giac
(cha ve MN)
- Yeu cau HS ghi Gt-Kl cua
l.
e cm nh l, da vao bai
tap va lam, ta tao ra mot
A bang AABC va ong
dang vi AABC.
Chng minh AAMN =
- HS oc to nh l va ghi bai

- HS ve hnh vao v

- HS neu GT-KL
- HS: Tren AB at AM = AB
Ve MN//BC (Ne AC)
Ta co AAMN AABC (l A)

AC
AN
AB
AM
= , v AM = AB
Tiet : 45
Ngay soan :
26/02/12
Ngay day: 03/03/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
107 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
KL AABC AABC

Chng minh.
(sgk)
AABC

- GV nhan manh lai cac
bc chng minh nh l.
Lien he tr lai bai toan
ktre, giai thch tai sao AABC
ADEF

AC
AN
AB
B A
=
' '

co
AC
C A
AB
B A ' ' ' '
= (gt)
AN = AC
Xet AAMN va AABC co
AM = AB(cach dng); A =
A; AN = AC (cm tren)
AAMN = AABC (cgc)
Vay AABC AABC
Trong bai tap tren AABC, ADEF
Co
2
1
= =
DF
AC
DE
AB
; A = D =
60
0

AABC ADEF (cgc)
2/ Ap dung : (sgk)
?2 Ch ra cac cap Ad?
E
4

B
70
F
A Q
6

70

2 3 3
B C
75
0

P 5 R
?3 A

50
2
5 3 7,5
D

B C
- Cho HS lam ?2 sgk (cau
hoi, hnh ve 38 a len
bang phu)
Goi HS thc hien

- Nhan xet, anh gia bai
lam cua HS.
yeu cau HS thc hien tiep
?3
- Yeu cau HS lam bai
vao v, goi mot HS len
bang

- Cho HS lp nhan xet,
anh gia
- HS quan sat hnh, tra li:
AABC ADFE v
2
1
= =
DF
AC
DE
AB
va A = D = 70
0

ADEF khong d vi APQR v
PR
DF
PQ
DE
= va D = P
AABC khong d vi APQR

- Thc hien ?3 (mot HS trnh
bay bang):
AAED va AABC co:
|
.
|
\
|
= =
5 , 7
3
5
2
AC
AD
AB
AE
; A chung
AAED AABC (cgc)
- HS lp nhan xet, sa bai.
- Hoc bai: hoc thuoc nh
l, nam vng cach chng
minh l.
- Lam bai tap 35, 36, 37
sgk trang 72, 73

HS nghe dan
.
7. TRNG HP ONG DANG TH BA
I/ MUC TIEU :
E
Tiet : 46
Ngay soan :
26/02/11
Ngay day: 03/03/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
108 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
- HS nam vng noi dung nh l (GT va KL) ; biet cach chng minh nh l.
- HS van dung nh l e nhan biet cac cap tam giac ong dang vi nhau, biet
sap xep cac nh tng ng cua hai tam giac ong dang, lap ra cac t so thch hp e
t o tnh ra c o dai cac oan thang trong bai tap.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, thc o goc; bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 41, 42)
- HS : On trng hp ong dang th nhat va th hai; sgk, thc, eke, compa,
thc o goc.
- Phng phap : Qui nap am thoai Trc quan.

1. Phat bieu l ve trng
hp ong dang th hai
cua hai tam giac. (3)
2. Cho hnh ve: N
8
E 3
4 I
F 6 M
a) Hai tam giac IEF va IMN
co ong dang khong? V
sao?
b) Biet EF = 3,5cm. Tnh MN
kiem tra
- Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
:
a) AIEF AIMN (cgc)
v co: EIF = MIN ()
Va
2
1
= =
IN
IF
IM
IE

b)
2
1
=
MN
EF
Vay MN = 2EF =
3,5.2 = 7(cm)
7. TRNG HP
ONG DANG TH BA

- GV gii thieu va ghi ta
bai

- HS ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 3 : Tm hieu, cm l (15)
1. nh l: (sgk)

A A

M N B C
B C

GT AABC, AABC
A = A; B = B
KL AABC AABC

Chng minh.
(sgk)
- Neu bai toan
(cha ve MN)
- Yeu cau HS ghi Gt-Kl cua
l va chng minh nh l.
- GV gi y bang cach at
AABC len tren AABC sao
cho A A
Can phai lam g?

Tai sao AAMN = AABC ?

- T ket qua tren ta ket
luan g?
o la noi dung l Ad th
ba
- GV nhan manh lai noi
dung nh l va hai bc
chng minh l la:

- HS ve hnh vao v

- HS neu GT-KL
- HS : Tren AB at AM = AB
- HS quan sat, suy ngh cach
lam
Ve MN//BC (Ne AC)
AAMN AABC (l A)
Xet AAMN va AABC co
A = A (gt)
AM = AB(cach dng)
AMN = B (ong v)
ma B = B (gt) AMN =
B
Vay AAMN = AABC (gcg)
AABC AABC
- HS oc nh l (sgk)
HS khac nhac lai.
Gio n hnh hc 8
109 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Tao ra AAMN AABC
Chng minh AAMN = AABC
- HS nghe e nh cach chng
minh
2/ Ap dung :
?1 Neu cac cap tam giac
ong dang. Giai thch?
(hnh ve 41 sgk)

?2 (sgk trang 79)
A
x 4,5
3 D
y

B C

a) Tren hnh ve co may
tam giac? Cap tam giac
ong dang?
b) Tnh x, y?
c) Tnh BC; BD biet BD la
phan giac cua B
- Cho HS lam ?1 sgk (cau
hoi, hnh ve 41 a len
bang phu)
Goi HS thc hien

- Nhan xet, anh gia sa
sai
yeu cau HS thc hien tiep
?2
- Neu lan lt tng cau
hoi cho HS tra li, thc
hien.
- Lu y khi neu cac tam
giac ong dang phai theo
ung th t nh tng
ng.
- T 2 tam giac ong dang
tren ta suy ra g ?
- Tnh x? tnh y?
- Neu BD la phan giac
goc B, ta co t le thc
nao?
- T o lam the nao e
tnh BD
thc hien.
- GV theo doi, giup HS
lam bai
- Cho HS lp nhan xet
+ AABC can A B = C =
70
0

AMNP can P co M = 70
0

P = 40
0
. Vay AAMN AABC v
co
A = P = 40
0
; B = M = 70
0

+ AABC co A = 70
0
; B=
60
0
C = 50
0

B =E = 60
0
; C = D=
50
0

Vay AABC ADEF(gg)
- Nhan xet bai lam cua ban
- oc cau hoi, nhn hnh ve,
suy ngh tm cach tra li:
a) Co 3A: ABC, ADB, va BCD.
AADB AABC (gg)
b)
AC
AB
AB
AD
=
x =
5 , 4
9
2
= =
AC
AB
AD = 2 (cm)
y = DC = 2,5 (cm)
c) Co BD la phan giac B

BC
hay
BC
BA
DC
DA 3
5 , 2
2
= =
BC = 3.2,5/2 = 3,75 (cm)
AADB AABC (cm tren)

75 , 3 3
2 DB
hay
BC
DB
AB
AD
= =
DB = 2.3,75/3 = 2,5 (cm)
Nhan xet bang, t sa sai
Cho HS nhac lai noi dung
nh l trng hp ong
dang th ba

HS phat bieu
- Hoc bai: hoc thuoc nh
l
- Lam bai tap 35, 36, 37
sgk
v bai tap
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
110 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh

Gio n hnh hc 8
111 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
LUYEN TAP 5,6,7
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co, khac sau cho HS cacnh l ve ba trng hp ong dang cua hai tam
giac.
- Van cac nh l o e chng minh cac tam giac ong dang, e tnh cac oan
thang hoac chng minh cac t le thc, ang thc trong cac bai tap.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu (cau hoi, bai tap).
- HS : On cac trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac; thc, compa; bang phu
nhom.

1/ Phat bieu nh l
trng hp ong dang
th ba cua hai tam giac.
(4)
2/ Cha bai tap 38 Sgk
trang 79 (6)
A 3 B
2 x
C
3,5 y

6

D E
bai tap, hnh ve)
- Goi HS len bang

HS
li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
- GV lu y co the khong
cminh 2 tam giac ong
dang ma co B = D (gt)
AB//DE. Sau o ap
dung he qua l Talet tnh
x, y.
bai tap:
Xet AABC va AEDC co :
B = D (gt) ; ACB = ECD
(nh)
AABC AEDC (g-g)

ED
AB
CD
CB
CE
CA
= =

2
1
6
3
5 , 3
2
= = =
x
y

2
1 2
=
y
y = 4;
2
1
5 , 3
=
x
x = 1,75
- HS nhan xet, sa bai.
Bai 43 trang 80 SGK

F

A 8 E B

10 7

D 12 C
GT : hbh ABCD;
AB=12cm
BC = 7cm; EeAB;
AE = 8cm
DE cat CB tai F;
DE = 10cm
KL Cac cap A ong
Bai 43 trang 80 SGK
- Neu bai tap 43 len
bang phu.
- Trong hnh ve co nhng
tam giac nao ?
- Hay neu cac cap tam
giac ong dang ?

- Tnh o dai EF, BF.

- Cho HS nhan xet, sa
sai

- oc e bai
Tra li : co 3 tam giac AEAD,
AEBF, ADCF
AEAD AAMN; EBF DCF; EADDCF
(g-g)
AAED co AE = 8cm; AD = BC =
7cm; DE = 10cm
AEBF co EB = 12 8 = 4cm
AEAD AEBF (gg)
BF
AD
EF
ED
AB
EA
= =
hay
1
2 7 10
4
8
= = =
BF EF

EF = 10/2 = 5 (cm)
BF = 7/2 = 3,5 (cm)
- Mot HS trnh bay bang,ca
Tiet : 47
Ngay soan
05/03/11
Ngay day: 09/03/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
112 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
dang.
Tnh EF? BF?

- GV hoan chnh bai
lp lam vao v
- HS nhan xet , sa bai
Bai 44 trang 80 SGK

A

M
B D C
M
GT : AABC ; AB = 24cm ;
AC = 28cm ;
AD la phan giac
goc A
BM AD ; CN AD
KL : - Tnh
CN
BM

- Cm:
DN
DM
AN
AM
=
Bai 44 trang 80 SGK
HS ve hnh len bang, ghi
Gt-Kl
- e tm t so BM/CN,ta
nen xet hai tam giac nao?
- Cho HS t phut thao luan
nhom
cau a
- Ca lp lam vao v
- e co t so DM/DN ta
nen xet hai tam giac nao?
- Cho HS trao oi nhom,
neu hng giai.
- Goi HS khac len bang
lam cau b, ca lp lam
vao v

- Cho HS nhan xet
bang,
c)
- GV co the hoi them :
AABM~AACN theo t so
ong dang k nao?

- HS oc e bai, ve hnh, ghi Gt-Kl
vao v (mot HS thc hien
bang)
a) Xet AABM va AANC ta co:
BAM = NAC (gt) ; M = N =
90
0

Vay AABM AACN (g-g)

7
6
28
24
= = =
AC
AB
CN
BM

- HS tiep tuc trao oi nhom va
thc hien
b) Xet ABMD va ACND co
M = D = 90
0
; BDM = CDN
()
ABMDACND (gg)

DN
DM
CN
BM
= (1)
ma AABM ~ AACN (cm tren) nen
AN
AM
CN
BM
= (2)
T (1) va (2)
DN
DM
AN
AM
=
- Xem lai cac bai a giai;
on lai cac trng hp
dang.
- Lam bai tap 45sgk trang
80
Chuan b giay lam bai
kiem tra 15
- HS nghe dan
- Ghi chu vao v bai tap
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
113 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
8. CAC TRNG HP ONG DANG
CUA TAM GIAC VUONG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam chac cac dau hieu ong dang cua tam giac vuong, nhat la dau hieu
ac biet (dau hieu ve canh huyen va canh goc vuong).
- HS van dung nh l ve hai tam giac ong dang tnh t so cac ng cao, t so
dien tch, tnh o dai cac canh.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa; bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 47, 48, 49, 50)
- HS : On cac trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac; sgk, thc, eke, compa.
- Phng phap : Neu van e am thoai Trc quan.

1/ Cho AABC co A =
1v, ng cao AH.
Chng minh:
a) AABC AHBA
b) AABC AHAC
2/ Cho AABC co A =
1v; AB = 4,5 cm, AC =
6cm. Tam giac DEF co
D = 1v, DE = 3cm, DF
= 4cm.
AABC va ADEF co
ong dang khong?
Giai thch ?
kiem tra . Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
- Hai HS len bang tra li va
HS1: a) AABC va AHBA co
A = H = 90
0
, B chung
AABC AHBA (g-g)
b) AABC va AHAC co :
A = H = 90
0
, C chung
AABC AHAC (g-g)
- HS2 : AABC va ADEF co :
A = D = 90
0

2
3
= =
DF
AC
DE
AB

AABC ADEF (c-g-c)
8. CAC TRNG
HP ONG DANG
CUA TAM GIAC
VUONG
- Co nhng cach nhan biet
hai tam giac vuong ong
dang . o la nhng cach
nao e biet c ieu o
chung ta vao bai hoc hom
nay
Hoat ong 3 : Ap dung vao tam giac vuong (5)
1/ Ap dung cac
trng hp ong
dang cua tam giac
vao tam giac vuong :
Hai tam giac vuong
ong dang vi nhau
neu:
a) Tam giac vuong nay
co mot goc nhon
bang goc nhon cua
- Qua cac bai tap tren, hay
cho biet hai tam giac vuong
ong dang vi nhau khi nao?
GV a hnh ve minh hoa:

B
B

- HS tra li :
Hai tam giac vuong ong dang
vi nhau neu :
a) Tam giac vuong nay co mot
goc nhon bang goc nhon cua
tam giac vuong kia.
b) Tam giac vuong nay co hai
canh goc cuong t le vi hai
canh goc vuong cua tam giac
vuong kia.
Tiet : 48
Ngay soan :
05/03/11
Ngay day: 10/03/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
114 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
tam giac vuong kia.
b) Tam giac vuong
nay co hai canh goc
cuong t le vi hai
canh goc vuong cua
tam giac vuong kia.
A C A
C
AABC va AABC(A = A
= 90
0
) co :
a) B = B hoac
b)
' ' ' ' C A
AC
B A
AB
=
th AABC AABC
- HS quan sat hnh ve va neu
tom tat GT-KL

Hoat ong 4 : Dau hieu ac biet (15)
2/ Dau hieu nhan
biet hai tam giac
vuong ong dang :

nh l 1 : (sgk trang 82)
A
A

B C B
C
GT AABC, AABC
A = A = 90
0

AB
B A
BC
C B ' ' ' '
= (1)
KL AABC AABC
Chng minh.
Bnh phng 2 ve cua
(1), ta c:

- GV yeu cau HS lam ?1
Hay ch ra cac cap tam
giac ong dang trong hnh 47.

- GV hng dan lai cho HS
khac thay ro va noi: Ta
nhan thay hai tam giac
vuong ABC va ABC co
canh huyen va mot canh
goc vuong cua tam giac
vuong nay t le vi canh
huyen va canh goc vuong
cua tam giac vuong kia, ta
a chng minh c chung
ong dang thong qua tnh
canh goc vuong con lai.
- Ta se cminh l nay cho
trng hp tong quat.
- Yeu cau HS oc nh l
- GV ve hnh, cho HS tom tat
GT-KL
- Cho HS oc phan chng
minh trong sgk.
- GV trnh bay lai cho HS
nam.
Lu y: ta co the chng minh
tng t nh cach chng
minh cac trng hp tam
giac ong dang.
- HS nhan xet :
Tam giac vg DEF va tgiac vg
DEF dang v co :

2
1
' ' ' '
= =
F D
DF
E D
DE

Tam giac ABC co:
AC
2
= BC
2
AB
2
= 5
2
2
2
= 25 4 = 21
AC = 21
Tam giac vuong ABC co:
AC
2
= BC
2
AB
2
= 10
2
4
2

AC = 21 2 21 . 4 84 = =
AABCva AABC co
2
1 ' ' ' '
= =
AC
C A
AB
B A

Do o AABC AABC (cgc)

- HS oc l, tom tat Gt-Kl

- HS oc chng minh sgk
- Nghe GV hng dan

- Lu y cach chng minh khac
tng t cach chng minh a
hoc.
Hoat ong 5 : T so hai ng cao, t so dien tch (13)
3/ Tso hai ng
cao, tso dien tch
cua hai tam giac
ong dang :
nh l 2: (sgk)

GT : AABC AABC
theo t so ong
dang k
- GV yeu cau HS oc nh l
2 tr83 sgk
- a hnh 49 len bang phu
cho HS neu GT-KL

A
A

- HS oc nh l 2 Sgk
- Tom tat GT-KL
- Chng minh mieng :
AABC AABC (gt)
B = B va AB/AB = k
Xet AABH va AABH co:
H = H = 90
0

B = A (cm tren)
AABH AABH
Gio n hnh hc 8
115 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
AH BC, AH
BC
KL k
AB
B A
AH
H A
= =
' ' ' '

nh l 3 : (sgk)
GT AABC AABC
theo t
so ong dang k
KL
2 ' ' '
k
S
S
ABC
C B A
=
B H C B H
C
- Yeu cau HS chng minh
bang mieng nh l.
0 T nh l 2 ta suy ra nh l
3
GV yeu cau HS oc nh l 3
va cho biet Gt-Kl
- Da vao cong thc tnh
dien tch tam giac, t chng
minh l.
k
AB
B A
AH
H A
= =
' ' ' '

HS oc nh l 3 sgk
HS neu Gt-Kl cua nh l

HS nghe gi y, ve nha t chng
minh.
- Cho HS nhac lai cac dau
hieu nhan biet 2A vuong
ong dang.
- HS phat bieu lan lt cac dau
hieu
- Hoc bai: hoc thuoc cac
nh l.
trang 84.
- HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
116 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
LUYEN TAP 8
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Cung co cac trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac vuong, t so hai ng
cao, t so hai dien tch cua tam giac ong dang.
- Van cac nh l o e chng minh cac tam giac ong dang, e tnh o dai
cac oan thang, tnh chu vi, dien tch tam giac.
- Thay c ng dung thc te cua tam giac ong dang.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, eke, compa, bang phu (cau hoi, bai tap).
- HS : On cac trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac; thc, compa; bang phu
nhom.

1/ Phat bieu cac
trng hp ong
dang cua hai tam giac
vuong. (4)
2/ Cho AABC va ADEF
co A = D = 90
0
.
Hoi hai tam giac co
ong dang vi nhau
khong neu :
a) B = 40
0
, F = 50
0

(3)
b) AB = 6cm, BC= 9cm
DE = 4cm, EF = 6cm
(3)

bai tap)
- Goi HS len bang

HS

li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem

lam bai, ca lp lam vao v bai
tap:
Xet AABC va ADEF co :
A = D = 90
0
(gt)
a) AvgABC co B = 40
0
C = 50
0

C = F = 50
0

AABC ADEF (g-g)
b) Avg ABC Avg DEF v co:
EF
BC
DE
AB
EF
BC
DE
AB
=
= =
= =
2
3
6
9
2
3
4
6

Bai 49 trang 84 SGK
A

B H
C
GT : AABC; A = 1v;
AHBC
AB = 12,45cm
AC = 20,50cm
KL: a) Cac cap A
ong dang.
b) Tnh BC? AH?
BH?
Bai 49 trang 84 SGK
- Neu bai tap 43 len bang
phu.
- Trong hnh ve co nhng
tam giac nao?
- Hay neu cac cap tam
giac ong dang? V sao?
- Tnh BC?

- Tnh AH, BH, HC.
- Nen xet cac cap tam
giac nao?

- oc e bai
- Tra li : co 3 tam giac vuong
ong dang tng oi mot.
a) AABC AHBA (B chung)
ABC HAC (C chung) HBA
HAC (cung d AABC)
b) Trong tam giac vuong ABC
BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
(l Pytago)
BC =
2 2 2 2
50 , 20 45 , 12 + = + AC AB
= 23,98 (cm)
AABCAHBA (cm tren)
BA
BC
HA
AC
HB
AB
= =
hay
45 , 12
98 , 23 5 , 20 45 , 12
= =
HA HB

Tiet : 49
Ngay soan :
26/02/10
Ngay day: 04/03/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
117 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
CH?

- Cho HS nhan xet, sa
sai
- GV hoan chnh bai
HB = 12,45
2
/23,98 ~ 6,46(cm)
HA = (20,50.12,45):23,98
~ 10,64 (cm)
HC = BC BH = 23,98 6,46
~ 17,52 (c/m)
- HS va tham gia lam bai di s
hng dan cua GV, va ghi bai.
Bai 50 trang 84 SGK
B

B

2,1
A 36,9 C A 1,6
C

GT : AABC ; AC =
36,9m
AABC; AB =
2,1m
AC = 1,6m
KL : Tnh AB

Bai 50 trang 84 SGK
oc
- Giai thch hnh 52 : Ong
khoi nha may (AB) xem
nh vuong goc vi mat
at; bong cua ong khoi
(AC) tren mat at. AABC
la tam giac g?
- Tng t : AABC vuong
(tai A). Co nhan xet g
gia AABC va AABC?
- Gi y: bong cua ong
khoi va bong cua thanh
sat co c cung thi
iem co y ngha g?
- Cho HS t phut thao luan
nhom
bai, ca lp lam vao v
c)

- HS oc e bai
- Chu y nghe giai thch.

- Tra li AABC vuong tai A

- ap : BC va BC song song
- HS thao luan nhom :
Do BC//BC (theo tnh chat quang
hoc) C = C
Vay AABC AABC (g-g)
' ' ' ' C A

AC
B A
AB
= hay
62 , 1
9 , 36
1 , 2
=
AB

AB =
62 , 1
9 , 36 . 1 , 2
~ 47,83(m)
Bai 51 trang 84 SGK

Bai 51 trang 84 SGK
- GV yeu cau HS hoat ong
nhom e lam bai tap.
- Gi y : Xet cap tam giac
nao co canh la HB, HA,
HC.

AHBA AHAC (g-g)
HA = 30
AABC AHBA (g-g)
AB = 39,05; AC = 46,86
p = 146,91(cm)
S = 915 (cm
2
)
- Xem lai cac bai a giai;
on lai cac trng hp
dang.
- Lam bai tap 52sgk trang
84 .
- HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
118 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
9. NG DUNG THC TE CUA
TAM GIAC ONG DANG
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam chac noi dung hai bai toan thc hanh (o gian tiep chieu cao cua vat,
o khoang cach gia hai a iem trong o co mot a iem khong the ti c).
- HS nam chac cac bc tien hanh o ac va tnh toan trong tng trng hp,
chuan b cho cac tiet thc hanh tiep theo.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Giac ke (ngang va ng) thc, eke; bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh 47, 48,
49, 50)
- HS : On cac trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac; sgk, thc, eke, compa.

1. Phat bieu cac dau
hieu nhan biet hai tam
giac vuong ong dang.
(5)
2. Cho hai tam giac vuong
tam giac I co mot goc
bang 42
0
, tam giac II co
mot goc bang 48
0
. Hoi
hai tam giac vuong o
co dang khong? V sao?
(5)
- Treo bang phu a ra e kiem
tra . Goi HS len bang


- Cho HS nhan xet cau tra li
va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
lam bai

Hoat ong 2 : o chieu cao (17)
1/ o gian tiep chieu cao
cua vat :
Gia s can o chieu cua
cay, ta lam nh sau:
a) Tien hanh o ac :
Dung giac ke ng at
theo s o sau:
C

C
B A A
- ieu khien hng
thc ngam qua nh C
cua cay.
- Xac nh giao iem B
cua AA va CC.
- o khoang cach BA
vaBA
b) Tnh chieu cao cua cay
- GV v: Cac trng hp d
cua hai tam giac co nhieu ng
dung trong thc te. Mot trong
cac ng dung o la o gian
tiep chieu cao cua vat.
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 54: Ta
dung dung cu e o la thc
ngam va at theo s o hnh
ve.
- Gii thieu cho HS thc
ngam.
- Goi HS neu cac bc tien
hanh o ac
- Nhan xet va tom tat cach
lam nh sgk.
- Noi : sau khi tien hanh o, ta
tnh chieu cao cua cay; coc
gan thc ngam va cay xem
nh hai oan thang vuong goc
vi mat at. Hoi:
- HS ghi ta bai
Nghe gii thieu.

- - Quan sat thc ngam va
hnh ve 54 hnh dung cach o.

Thao luan tm ra cach o. Mot
HS phat bieu cach o

- Ve hnh va tom tat ghi bai

- Chu y nghe.

- ap : AC//ACAABC
AABC
Tiet : 50
Ngay soan :
26/03/10
Ngay day: 05/03/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
119 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
:
Ta co AABC AABC
vi k = AB/AB AC =
k.AC
* Ap dung: Cho AC =
1,50m; AB = 1,25cm; AB =
4,2m.
Ta co AC = k.AC =
25 , 1
2 , 4
.
'
= AC
AB
B A
.1,50=5,04(m)
- Neu nhan xet ve 2 oan AC
va AC; ve 2 tam giac ABC
va ABC?
- AABC AABC theo t so k =
AB/AB AC = ?
- Lu y : AB va AB la
khoang cach co hte xac nh
c.
- Cho v du ap dung, goi HS
tnh.

- AC = k.AC
Hoat ong 3 : o khoang cach (15)
2/ okhoang cach gia 2
a iem trong o co
mot iem khong the
ti c :
a) Tien hanh o ac :
Tren mat at bang
phang, ve va o oan
BC.
A

o |
B C
Dung giac ke o cac
goc ABC = o, ACB = |
b) Tnh khoang cach AB :
Ve tren giay AABC
vi BC = a, B = o,
C = |. Do o AABC
AABC
o ABtren hnh ve
AB = AB/k
- Ap dung : (SGK p.86)
- Chu y : (SGK p.86)
- e o khoang cach AB trong
o iem A khong ti c ta
dung giac ke ngang.
- Gii thieu giac ke ngang, treo
bang phu hnh 55.
- Goi HS neu cach tien hanh
o ac
- Nhan xet va tom tat cach
lam nh sgk
- Giong nh o chieu cao, sau khi
tien hanh o ac, ta tnh
khoang cach AB.
- Noi : Ngtac la ng dung tam
giac ong dang, co ngha la
ta tao ra AABC AABC .
Hay cho biet cach tao ra
AABC
- anh gia, hoan chnh cach
lam cua HS
- Cho v du ap dung nh sgk
- Cho HS quan sat giac ke
(ngang, ng). Hng dan
cach s dung.
- HS nghe gii thieu

- Quan sat hnh va giac ke.
- Hp tac nhom tm cach giai
quyet.
Mot HS ai dien trnh bay
cach o.
Ve hnh va ghi tom tat vao
v.
- Suy ngh, thao luan, tm cach
dng AABC, cach tnh
- Mot HS ai dien phat bieu
cach tnh.
- Tham gia tnh o dai theo v du

- Quan sat giac ke va tm hieu
cach s dung
- Cho HS nhac lai cach tien
hanh o gian tiep chieu cao,
khoang cach.
- HS phat bieu theo yeu cau
- Hoc bai: nam vng cach o
gian tiep chieu cao, khoang
cach.
- Lam bai tap3, 54, 55 sgk
trang 87- Chuan b tiet thc
hanh (51 52)
- HS nghe dan
Gio n hnh hc 8
120 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
.
THC HANH
(O CHIEU CAO VA KHOANG CACH)
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS biet cach o gian tiep chieu cao cua mot vat va o khoang cach gia hai
iem tren mat at, trong o co mot iem khong the ti c.
- Ren luyen ky nang s dung thc ngam e xac nh iem nam tren ng
thang, s dung giac ke e o goc tren mat at, o o dai oan thang tren mat at.
- Biet ap dung kien thc ve tam giac ong dang e giai quyet hai bai toan.
- Ren luyen y thc lam viec co phan cong, co to chc, y thc ky luat trong
hoat ong tap the.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV: a iem thc hanh cho cac to HS.
Cac thc ngam va giac ke, coc tieu, thc cuon, day.
Pho bien mau bao cao thc hanh cho cac to.
- HS: Moi to mot giac ke (ng, ngang) ; 3 coc tieu; 1 thc day, 1 day dai.
Mau bao cao thc hanh; giay, but, eke, thc o goc.
Chia to, phan cong cong viec.
III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC :
TIET 51
1. e xac nh chieu
cao cua cay (AC) ta
tien hanh o ac nh
the nao? (5)
2. Cho AC = 1,5m; AB =
1,2m; AB = 5,4m. Tnh
AC? (5)
kiem tra (hnh ve 54)
- Goi HS len bang
HS
li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
lam bai
AC=
2 , 1
5 , 1 . 4 , 5 . '
=
AB
AC B A

= 6,75 (m)
Hoat ong 2 : Chuan b thc hanh (3)

- Yeu cau to trng bao
cao viec chuan b thc hanh
cua to
- Giao mau bao cao thc
hanh cho cac to.
- Cac to trng bao cao tnh
hnh chuan b cua to.
- To trng nhan mau bao cao
thc hanh.
Hoat ong 3 : Thc hanh o ac (15)
Bai toan:
o chieu cao cot c
trng em
- Hng dan HS ra san ni
chon san.
- Neu e bai toan hng
dan HS s dung thc
ngam.
- Theo doi, kiem tra ky nang
thc hanh cua cac nhom
HS.
- Tt en nhan dung cu thc hanh
(phong thiet b)
- Cac to tien hanh o ac; ghi
ket qua o thc te vao mau
bao cao(cac to chon a iem
khac nhau e at thc ngam)
Hoat ong 4 : Tnh chieu cao hoan thanh bao cao (10)
Tiet : 51-52
Ngay day: 12-
13/03/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
121 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
- Cho HS thu don dung cu tra
ve phong thiet b
- Yeu cau HS tr ve lp
hoan thanh bao cao.
- Thu cac bao cao cau cac
to. - Tong hp cac ket qua
o, xem xet cu the cach tnh
AC cua cac to.

- Thc hien yeu cau cua GV
(mot nhom HS)
- Tr ve lp: Tnh toan va hoan
thanh bao cao.
Hoat ong 5 : Tong ket anh gia (8)
- Cho HS t nhan xet ve tinh
than, thai o tham gia, y
thc ky luat trong thc hanh
cua to mnh.
- Nhan xet chung. Tuyen
dng to lam tot Nhac
nh, phe phan to cha tot.
- Cac to t nhan xet, anh gia.

- Chu y rut kinh nghiem cho tiet
thc hanh sau.
- Chuan b cho tiet thc hanh
o khoang cach:
- Giac ke ngang, 3 coc tieu,
thc cuon, giay but.
- HS nghe dan
TIET 52
(hnh ve 55)
1. e xac nh khoang
cach AB tren mat at,
trong o iem B khong ti
c ta tien hanh o ac
nh the nao? (5)
2. Cho BC = 50m; BC = 5cm;
AB = 4,2cm. Tnh AB? (5)
kiem tra (hnh ve 55)
- Goi HS len bang
HS
li va bai lam bang
- anh gia cho iem
lam bai
AB=
5
5000 . 2 , 4
' '
'. '
=
C B
BC B A

= 4200 (cm) = 42m
Hoat ong 2 : Chuan b thc hanh (3)

- Yeu cau to trng bao
cao viec chuan b thc
hanh cua to
- Giao mau bao cao thc
hanh cho cac to.
- Cac to trng bao cao tnh
hnh chuan b cua to.
- To trng nhan mau bao cao
thc hanh.
Hoat ong 3 : Thc hanh o ac (15)
Bai toan:
o khoang cach gia hai
iem A,B. Gia s iem A
khong ti c.
- Hng dan HS ra san ni
chon san.
- Neu e bai toan Cam
coc tieu xac nh iem A
(khg ti c)
- Theo doi, kiem tra ky
nang thc hanh cua cac
nhom HS.
- Tt en nhan dung cu thc hanh
(phong thiet b)
- Cac to tien hanh o ac; ghi
ket qua o thc te vao mau
bao cao(cac to chon a iem
khac nhau e at thc ngam)
Hoat ong 4 : Tnh khoang cach AB hoan thanh bao cao (15)
- Cho HS thu don dung cu
tra ve phong thiet b
- Thc hien yeu cau cua GV
(mot nhom HS)
Gio n hnh hc 8
122 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
- Yeu cau HS tr ve lp
hoan thanh bao cao.
- Thu cac bao cao cau cac
to. - Tong hp cac ket
qua o, xem xet cu the
cach tnh AB cua cac to.
- Tr ve lp: Thc hanh ve
tren giay AABC AABC (g-g)
Tnh toan va hoan thanh bao
cao.
Hoat ong 5 : Tong ket anh gia (4)
- Cho HS t nhan xet ve
tinh than, thai o tham gia,
y thc ky luat trong thc
hanh cua to mnh.
- Nhan xet chung. Tuyen
dng to lam tot Nhac
nh, phe phan to cha tot.
- Cac to t nhan xet, anh gia.

- Chu y rut kinh nghiem cho
tiet thc hanh sau.
- oc Co the em cha
biet sgk tr88
- On tap chng III (sgk tr89
Tra li cau hoi, xem
tom tat)
- Lam bai tap 56, 57, 58
(sgk tr92)
- HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
123 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
ON TAP CHNG III
I/ MUC TIEU :
- He thong hoa cac kien a hoc trong chng III ve a giac loi, a giac eu.
- Nam c cac cong thc tnh dien tch cua cac hnh thang, hnh bnh hanh, hnh
thoi, hnh ch nhat, hnh vuong, hnh tam giac.
- Van dung nhng kien thc tren e ren luyen ky nang tnh toan tm phng
phap e phan chia mot hnh thanh nhng hnh co the o ac tnh toan dien tch.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : thc, eke, bang phu (hnh 156, 157, 158)
- HS : On tap kien thc chng: tra li cau hoi sgk trang 131, 132.
- Phng phap : Van ap hoat ong nhom.

Hoat ong 1 : On tap l thuyet (10)
A Ly thuyet:
1. a giac: M
G
L H
O N

K

Q P

I

S

T

R

V

Y

X

Chu y: Cac a giac
GHIKL, MNOPQ khong
phai la a giac loi.
+ Tong so o cac goc
mot a giac n canh la
(n-2).180
0

+ So o moi goc mot
a giac eu n canh la
{(n-2).180}:n
tch : (cau 3 sgk/132)
- Treo hnh ve 156, 157, 158.
- Neu tng cau hoi a, b, c cua
cau 1 (sgk/131) goi HS tra li
va giai thch.
- Phat bieu nh nghia a giac
loi?
- Yeu cau HS oc cau hoi 2
va neu cac ket qua can
ien vao cho trong
- Cho HS khac nhan xet, bo
sung, sa sai.
- GV chot lai va ghi tom tat
noi dung len bang.

- Treo bang phu co noi dung
va hnh ve cau hoi 3 cho HS
tra li.
- oc cau hoi 1
- HS quan sat hnh ve, tra li
mieng va neu l do v sao
GHIKL, MNOPQ khong phai
la a giac loi.
- Phat bieu nh ngha a giac
loi.
- HS khac nhac lai
- oc cau hoi 2, lan lt ien
vao cho trong:
a) 5.180
0
= 900
0

b) Tat ca cac canh bang
nhau, tat ca cac goc bang
nhau.
c) + (5 2)180 : 5 = 108
0

+ (6 2)180 : 6 = 120
0

- Lan lt tra li nhng
cong thc tnh dien tch ma
GV yeu cau.
B Bai tap:
Bai tap 42:
Biet AC // BF
A
B

H

D C
F
Tm S
A
= S
ABCD
?
- Neu bai tap 42 sgk
- Gi y: Ap dung t/c 2 ve
dien tch a giac oi vi t
giac ABCD va mot A khac
- Ta phai chng minh ieu o.
Muon chng minh S
ABC
= S
ACF

ta can co g?
- Goi 1 HS trnh bay bang
- Theo doi, sa sai cho HS
- Ve hnh, tm hieu e
- Hp tac thao luan e tm A
co dien tch bang dtch ABCD.
ap : S
ADF
= S
ABCD

Do S
ADF
= S
ADC
+ S
ACF

Va S
ABCD
= S
ADC
+ S
ABC

S
ABC
= AC.BH; S
ACF
= AC.FK
Ma BH = FK (do AC // BF)
(Mot HS trnh bay bang)
Bai tap 43:
D C

- Neu bai tap 43
- Tam oi xng O cua hnh

- oc e bai, ve hnh va ghi
Gt-Kl
Tiet : 53
Ngay soan :
10/03/10
Ngay day: 19/03/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
124 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
O
F
A E B
Hvuong ABCD
Gt O la tam x; AB = a
xOy = 1v
Ox cat AB tai E
Oy cat AC tai F
Kl S
OEBF
?
vuong nam v tr nao cua
hnh vuong ABCD?
- Lam the nao e tnh S
OEBF
?
- Gi y: Th ke hai ng
cheo cua hnh vuong ABCD
so sanh cac tam giac co trong
hnh ve e tnh.
Tra li: O la giao iem hai
ng cheo cua hnh vuong
ABCD

- Thao luan cung ban tm
cach tnh
Ke hai cheo AC va BD, ta
co:
AOB = 1v (t/c cheo hvuong)
EOF = 1v (gt)
AOAE = AOBF (g-c-g)
S
OAE
= S
OBF

Do o S
OEBF
= S
AOB
= S
ABCD

Hay S
OEBF
= a
2

Bai tap 45:
A 6cm B

4cm 5cm
H
D H C

- Neu bai tap 45 (sgk)
- Gia s hnh bnh hanh ABCD
co 2 ng cao la AH va
AH, canh AB = 6cm, AD = 4cm.
ng cao nao co o dai
5cm? V sao?
- Goi HS neu cach tnh va tnh
AH

- oc e bai, ve hnh
- Hp tac theo nhom lam bai:
S
ABCD
= AB.AH = AD.AH
= 6.AH = 4.AH
Mot ng cao co o dai
5cm, th o la AH v AH < AB
(5 < 6), khong the la AH v AH
< 4
Vay 6.AH = 4.5 = 20 AH =
10/3
- On ky ly thuyet, xem lai
cac bai a giai
- Lam bai tai, 46 sgk
- Chuan b lam bai kiem tra 1
tiet.
- HS nghe dan
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
125 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
KIEM TRA CHNG III
I/ MUC TIEU :
- Qua bai kiem tra, anh gia mc o tiep thu va ky nang van dung cac kien
thc cua chng III cua cac oi tng HS.
- Phan loai oi tng HS e co ke hoach bo sung, ieu chnh phng phap day
mot cach hp l
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : e kiem tra (A, B)
- HS : On tap kien thc chng I.
III/ E KIEM TRA :
1) On nh :
Kiem tra s so
2) Phat e kiem tra cho HS :
I/ TRAC NGHIEM : (3 iem) .
Cac cau sau ay ung hay sai? Hay tra li bang cach anh cheo (x) vao cot thch
hp tng cau, moi cau 0,5 iem.
Cau ung Sai
1. AABC co A = 80
0
, B = 60
0
; AMNP co M = 80
0
, P = 40
0
.
Ta noi AABC ong dang AMNP.

2. Neu hai canh cua tam giac nay t le vi hai canh cua tam
giac kia th hai tam giac o ong dang.

3. Neu hai goc cua tam giac nay lan lt bang hai goc cua
tam giac kia th hai tam giac o dong dang.

4. T so hai ng cao tng ng cua hai tam giac ong dang
bang t so ong dang.

5. T so dien tch cua hai tam tam giac ong dang bang t so
ong dang.

6. Hai tam giac can co cac goc nh bang nhau th ong
dang vi nhau.

II/ T LUAN : (7 iem)
1 Neu ba trng hp ong dang cua hai tam giac vuong ? (2)
2 Cho goc xAy. Tren tia Ax, at cac oan thang AE = 3 cm va AC = 8 cm.
Tren tia Ay at cac oan thang AD = 4 cm va AF = 6 cm. ( Ve hnh, ghi tom tat Gt-Kl
1 )
a) Chng minh AACD AAFE (1,5)
b) Goi I la cua CD va EF chng minh AIEC AIDF. (1,5)
c) Tnh t so dien tch cua AIEC va AIDF. (1)
3) Theo doi HS :
- Chu y theo doi , nhac nh HS lam bai nghiem tuc, tranh gian lan gay mat
trat t
4) Thu bai :
- Sau khi trong anh yeu cau HS nop bai ra au ban, GV thu bai kiem tra so
lng bai nop
5) Hng dan ve nha :
- Xem trc noi dung c ban cua Chng IV

Tiet : 54
Ngay soan :
10/03/10
Ngay day: 20/03/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
126 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Gio n hnh hc 8
127 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Chng IV : HNH LANG TRU HNH CHOP EU
1. HNH HOP CH NHAT

I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam c (trc quan) cac yeu to cua hnh hop ch nhat .
- Biet xac nh so mat, so nh, so canh cua mot hnh hop ch nhat, on lai
khai niem chieu cao hnh hop ch nhat.
- Lam quen vi cac khai niem iem, ng thang, oan thang trong khong gian,
cach k hieu.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc,bang phu (hnh ve san hnh 69, 71a, 73), mo hnh hnh lphng, hnh
hop ch nhat.
- HS: V ghi, sgk, dung cu hoc tap.
Hoat ong 1 : Gii thieu noi dung chng IV (4)
- GV a ra mo hnh hnh lap phng, hnh
hop ch nhat gii thieu . o la
nhng hnh ma cac iem cua chung
co the khong nam trong cung mot
mat phang.
- Chng IV chung ta se c hoc ve
hnh lang tru ng, hnh chop eu.
Thong qua o ta se hieu c mot so
khai niem c ban cua hnh hoc khong
gian nh :
+ iem, ng thang, mat phang trong
khong gian.
+ Hai ng thang ssong, ng thang
ssong vi mat phang, hai mat phang
ssong.
+ ng thang vuong goc vi mat
phang, hai mphang vuong goc.
- HS quan sat cac mo hnh,
hnh ve, nghe GV gii
thieu.

Hoat ong 2 : Hnh hop ch nhat (15)
1/ Hnh hop ch nhat :
canh
mat

nh
Mot hnh hop ch nhat
co 6 mat, 8 nh, 12
canh.
+ 6 mat cua hnh hop
ch nhat la nhng hnh
ch nhat
+ Hai mat oi dien
khong co canh chung
c xem la hai mat
ay; cac mat con lai
- GV a ra hnh hop ch
nhat va gii thieu mot
mat cua hnh ch nhat,
nh, canh cua hnh ch
nhat va hoi :
- Mot hnh hop ch nhat
co may mat, la nhng
hnh g?
- Mot hnh hop ch nhat
co may nh, may canh?
- GV yeu cau HS len ch
ro mat, nh, canh cua
hnh hop ch nhat.
GV gii thieu mat ay,
mat ben
- HS quan sat va tra li :

- Mot hnh hop ch nhat co 6
mat, moi mat eu la hcn.
- Mot hnh hop ch nhat co 8
nh, 12 canh.
- HS thc hien theo yeu cau cua
GV
- Quan sat, nghe gii thieu.

Tiet : 55
Ngay soan :
01/04/12
Ngay day: 04/04/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
128 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
goi la mat ben.
Hnh hop ch nhat co 6
mat eu la hnh vuong
goi la hnh lap phng.
- a tiep hnh lap phng
va hoi :
- Hnh lap phng co 6
mat la hnh g?
- Tai sao hnh lap phng
la hnh hop ch nhat?
- V du hnh hop ch
nhat?

- Hnh lap phng co 6 mat eu
la hnh vuong
- V hnh vuong cung la hcn nen
hnh lphng cung la h` hop cn
- Neu v du.
Hoat ong 3 : Mat phang va ng thang (15)
2/ Mat phang va
ng thang :
Trong hnh hop ch
nhat ABCD.ABCD,
xem:
Cac nh nh cac
iem.
Cac canh nh cac
oan thang.
Moi mat la mot
phan cua mat phang.
Ta co: Hai iem A,B
thuoc ng thang
AB; ng thang AB
nam trong mp ABCD
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 71a),
neu ? yeu cau HS thc
hien.
- Gii thieu : o dai oan
thang AA goi la chieu cao
cua hnh hop ch nhat.
- Dung mo hnh hnh hop
ch nhat GV gii thieu :
iem, oan thang, mot
phan mat phang nh trong
sgk
- GV lu y HS : trong khong
gian ng thang keo dai
vo tan ve hai pha, mat
phang trai rong ve moi
pha
- Hay tm ra hnh anh cua
mat phang, cua ng
thang?
- HS thc hien ?

- Quan sat va hnh dung theo gii
thieu cua GV.

Chu y theo doi.

- HS ch ra:
Mp : tran nha, san nha, mat ban
thang : mep bang, mep tng
Bai 1 trang 96 SGK
Ke ten nhng canh
bang nhau cua hnh
hop ch nhat
ABCD.MNPQ
Bai 2 trang 96 SGK

Bai 1 trang 96 SGK
- Treo tranh ve hnh 72, neu
bai tap 1 sgk trang 96
- Goi HS tra li
Bai 2 trang 96 SGK
- a e bai va hnh 73 len
bang phu
- Yeu cau HS thc hien
- HS tra li mieng :

- Hoc bai: Nam vng kien
thc ve hnh hop ch nhat.
- Lam bai tap: 3, 4 trang 97
sgk.

Nghe dan
Ghi chu vao v
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
129 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
2. HNH HOP CH NHAT (tiep)

I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nhan biet (qua mo hnh) khai niem ve hai ng thang song song. Hieu c
cac v tr tng oi cua hai ng thang trong khong gian .
- Bang hnh anh cu the, HS bc au nam c dau hieu ng thang song song
vi mat phang va hai mat phang song song.
- HS nhan xet c trong thc te hai ng thang song song, ng thang song
song vi mat phang, hai mat phang song song.
- HS nh lai va ap dung c cong thc tnh dien tch trong hnh hop ch nhat.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, phan mau, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve san hnh 76, 77, 83),
mo hnh hnh hop ch nhat, que nha.
- HS : On tap cach tnh dien tch xung quanh hnh hop ch nhat, v ghi, sgk, dung
cu hoc tap.

Cho hnh hop ch nhat
ABCD.ABCD, hay cho
biet :
Hnh hop ch nhat co
may mat, cac mat la
hnh g? Ke ten vai
mat.
Co may nh? May
canh?
AA va AB co cung
nam trong mot mp
khong? Co iem chung
khong?
AA va BB co cung
nam trong mot mp
khong? Co iem chung
khong?
- GV a tranh ve hnh 75 sgk
len bang, neu yeu cau
cau hoi
- Goi mot HS

- Mot HS len bang tra bai.
Hnh hop ch nhat co 6 mat,
cac mat eu la hnh ch nhat.
V du: ABCD, ABBA
Hnh hop ch nhat co 8 nh, 12
canh.
AA va AB co cung nam trong
mot mp (ABBA). Co iem
chung la A.
AA va BB co cung nam trong
mot mp (ABBA), khong co
iem chung.

2. HNH HOP CH
NHAT (tiep)
- Hom nay chung ta tiep
tuc tm hieu hnh hop ch
nhat
Hoat ong 3 : Hai ng thang song song (15)
1/ Hai ng thang song
song trong khong gian :
Vi hai ng thang
phan biet trong khong
gian chung co the :
a) Cat nhau : Neu chung
cung nam trong mot mp
A B
D C

A B
D C
- Yeu cau HS lam ?1
- HS quan sat hnh
- HS len bang lam ?1
- Cac mat cua hnh hop la :
(ABCD); (ABCD); (ADDA);
(BCCB); (ABBA); (DCCD)
- BB va AA cung nam trong
mot mat phang
Tiet : 56
Ngay soan :
01/04/12
Ngay day :
07/04/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
130 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
va co mot iem chung
V du : DC va CC
b) Song song : Neu chung
cung nam trong mot mp
va khong co iem
chung
V du : AA//DD
c) Khong cung nam
trong mot mp nao
V du : AD va DC
+ Chu y :
a//b va b//c => a//c
- Gii thieu hai ng
thang trong khong gian
- Yeu cau HS oc SGK
- Cho HS t rut ra cac
trng hp cu the va cho
v du
- BB va AA khong co iem
chung

- HS oc SGK
- T rut ra cac trng hp va
cho v du
Hoat ong 4 : ng thang song song vi mat phang . Hai mat phang song
song (15)
2/ ng thang song
song vi mat phang .
Hai mat phang song
song :

AB//AB
AB. mp(ABCD)
AB c mp(ABCD)
=> AB//mp(ABCD)

{ } AB AD A =
{ } ' ' ' ' ' A B A D A =
AB//AB;AD//AD
=>
mp(ABCD)//mp(ABCD)
- Cho HS lam ?2

- Gii thieu ng thang
song song vi mp
- The nao la ng thang
song song vi mat phang ?

- Yeu cau HS lam ?3

- Gii thieu hai mp song
song
- Cho HS lam ?4

- Cho HS oc phan nhan
xet
- HS lam ?2
- AB // AB V la canh oi cua
hnh ch nhat
- AB ko nam trong mp (ABCD)
- ng thang khong nam trong
mp va song song vi mot ng
thang nam trong mp o
- HS lam ?3
CD//mp(ABCD)
AD//mp(ABCD)
BC//mp(ABCD)
- HS khac nhan xet
- HS chu y nghe
- HS lam ?4
- HS oc phan nhan xet
Bai 6 trang 100 SGK
ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
la mot
hnh lap phng. Quan
ssat hnh va cho biet :
a) Nhng canh nao song
song vi C
1
C
b) Nhng canh nao song
song vi A
1
D
1

Bai 6 trang 100 SGK
- Cho HS oc cac canh song
song vi C
1
C
- Cho HS oc cac canh song
song vi A
1
D1

- HS quan sat hnh va tra li
a) D
1
D//C
1
C ; B
1
B//C
1
C; A
1
A//C1C

b) C
1
B
1
//A
1
D
1
;AD//A
1
D
1
;CB//A
1
D
1

- HS khac nhan xet
- Lam bai 5,7,8,9 SGK trang
100

.
Gio n hnh hc 8
131 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
3. THE TCH CUA
HNH HOP CH NHAT

I/ MUC TIEU
- Bang hnh anh cu the, HS bc au nam c dau hieu ng thang vuong
goc vi mat phang va hai mat phang vuong goc.
- HS nam c cong thc tnh the tch cua hnh hop ch nhat.
- Biet van dung cong thc vao tnh toan.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, phan mau, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve san hnh 84, 87), mo
hnh hnh hop ch nhat, hnh lap phng.
- HS : On tap cong thc tnh the tch hnh hop ch nhat, v ghi, sgk, dung cu
hoc tap.

Hoat ong 1 : Kim tra bai cu (8)
Cho hnh hop ch
nhat ABCD.ABCD.
Hai ng thang phan
biet trong khong gian
co nhng v tr tng
oi nao? Lay v du
minh hoa tren hnh
hop ch nhat.
Hay ke ten cac canh
// vi mp(ABBA)? Mat
phang // vi
mp(BBCC)?
- GV a tranh ve hnh hop
ch nhat len bang, neu yeu
cau cau hoi
- Goi mot HS

Ca lp theo doi.

- Nhan xet tra li cuaban.
3. THE TCH
CUA HNH HOP
CH NHAT
- Khi nao th ng thang
vuong goc vi mat phang,
hai mat phang vuong goc,
cach tnh the tch cua hnh
hop ch nhat nh the nao ?
e biet c ieu o chung
ta vao bai hoc hom nay
Hoat ong 2 : ng thang vuong goc vi mat phang . Hai mat phang vuong
goc (20)
1/ ng thang
vuong goc vi mat
phang. Hai mat
phang vuong goc :
ab a a; a b
a cat b

Chu y :
Neu a c mp(a,b),
a mp(a,b)
- Treo bang phu ve hnh 84;
cho HS tra li ?1
- Cho HS xem mo hnh hnh hop
cnhat ABCD.ABCD noi:
AA AD; AA AB; AD cat
AB ta noi AA mp(ABCD) tai
A
- Ghi tom tat va k hieu len
bang
- Tm tren mo hnh nhng v
- Quan sat hnh ve, tra li:
AA AD v ADDA la hnh
cnhat
AA AB v ABBA la hcnhat

- Chu y theo doi.

- Ghi bai vao v
- HS tm tren mo hnh, hnh ve,
trong thc te cac v du ve
Tiet : 57
Ngay soan :
07/04/12
Ngay day: 10/04/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
132 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
th mp(a,b) mp(a,b) du ve ng thang vuong
goc vi mphang?
- Tm tren mo hnh (hnh ve
tren) nhng v du ve mat
phang vuong goc vi mat
phang.
ng thang vuong goc vi
mp. (AA (ABCD)
mp mp (vd cac mat (AABB) ,
(ADDA) vg goc vi (ABCD))
Hoat ong 3 : The tch cua hnh hop ch nhat (10)
2/ The tch cua hnh
hop ch nhat :
b
a
c

V
hopch nhat
= abc

ac biet: V
lap phng
= a
3

- GV yeu cau HS oc sgk tr
102, 103 phan the tch hnh
hop ch nhat en cong thc
tnh the tch hnh hop ch
nhat. V = abc
- Vi a, b, c la ba kch thc
hnh hop ch nhat.
- Hoi: Em hieu ba kch thc
cua hnh hop ch nhat la g?
- Vay muon tnh the tch hnh
hop ch nhat ta lam the
nao?
- GV lu y: the tch hnh hop
ch nhat con bang dien tch
ay nhan vi chieu cao tng
ng.
- The tch hnh lap phng tnh
the nao? Tai sao?
- GV yeu cau oc v du tr 103
sgk.
- HS t xem sgk.
- Mot HS oc to trc lp.

- HS: ba kch thc hnh hop ch
nhat la chieu dai, chieu rong,
chieu cao.
- Muon tnh the tch hnh hop
ch nhat ta lay chieu dai nhan
vi chieu rong roi nhan vi
chieu cao (cung n v o).
- Hnh lap phng chnh la hnh
hop cnhat co ba kch thc
bnag nhau nen
V = a
3

- HS oc v du sgk.


- Treo tranh ve hnh 83, neu
bai tap 9 sgk trang 100
- Goi HS thc hien
- Treo hnh ve bai tap 13 cho
HS thc hien

- oc cau hoi, thao luan, tra
li:
1. Gap c 1 hnh hop ch
nhat
2a) BF mp(ABCD); BF (EFGH)
b)AD nam trong mp(AEHD) va
AD(CGHD) (AEHD)(CGHD)
- HS lam bai theo nhom nho
(moi nhom ien 2 o hang doc)
Nhan xet bai lam
- Hoc bai: Nam vng kien
thc ve thang vuong goc
vi mp, hai mp vuong goc vi
nhau. Cong thc tnh the tch

- Lam bai tap: 11, 12, 14 trang
104, 105 sgk.
- Nghe dan va ghi chu vao v
.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
133 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
LUYEN TAP 3

I/ MUC TIEU :
- Ren luyen cho HS kha nang nhan biet ng thang song song vi mat phang,
ng thang vuong goc vi mat vi mphang, hai mat phang song song, hai mphang
vuong goc va bc au giai thch co c s.
- Cung co cong thc tnh dien tch, the tch, ng cheo trong hnh hop ch nhat,
van dung vao bai toan cu the.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, phan mau, bang phu (e kiem tra, bai giai san).
- HS : On tap dau hieu ng thang ssong vi mat phang, ng thang vuong
goc vi mat phang, hai mat phang song song, hai mat phamg vuong goc ; v ghi, sgk,
dung cu hoc tap.

Hoat ong 1 : Kiem tra bai cu ()
Cho hnh hop ch
nhat ABCD.EFGH
vi cac so o nh
hnh ve.
a) Hay ke ten :
- Hai thang vuong
goc vi mp(BCGF)
- Hai mphang vuong
goc vi mp(ADHE)
b) Tnh V cua hnh
hop ch nhat tren .
ch nhat len bang, neu
yeu cau cau hoi
- Goi mot HS
A B
D

C

E F
H G
- Ca lp theo doi.

Hoat ong 2 : Luyen tap ()
(hnh ve tren)
a) Cac thang song
song vi mp(EFGH)
b) ng thang AB
song song vi nhng
mp nao?
c) ng thang AD
song song vi nhng
thang ?
Neu bai tap 17
S dung lai hnh ve tren (e
kiem tra), neu tng cau hoi.
Goi HS tra li
A B
D C
E F
G H

- oc e bai 17
- Thc hien theo yeu cau GV: lan
lt tra li cau hoi:
a) Cac ng thang ssong vi
mp(EFGH) la : AB, DC, AD, BC
b) ng thang AB ssong vi mat
phang: (EFGH), (DCGH)
c) AD//BC, AD//EH, AD//FG.
7

4

- a e bai, hnh ve bai
tap 15 len bang phu
- GV hoi :
Khi cha tha gach vao, nc
cach mieng thung bao nhieu
dm?
Khi tha gach vao, nc
dang len la do co 25 vien
gach trong nc. Vay so sanh

- Mot HS oc e bai toan

Khi cha tha gach vao nc cach
mieng thung la: 7 4 = 3 (dm)
The tch nc + gach tang bang
the tch cua 25 vien gach:
(2 . 1 . 0,5) . 25 = 25 (dm
3
)

Tiet : 58
Ngay soan :
07/04/12
Ngay day: 11/04/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
134 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh

?
vi khi cha tha gach, the
tch nc + gach tang len bao
nhieu?
- Dien tch ay thung la bao
nhieu?
- Vay lam the nao e tnh
chieu cao cua nc dang
len ?
- Vay nc con cach mieng
thung bao nhieu dm?
- GV lu y HS: Do co ieu
kien toan bo gach ngap
trong nc va chng hut
nc khong ang ke nen
ttch nc tang bang ttch
cua 25 vien gach
Dien tch ay thung la:
7 . 7 = 49 (dm
2
)
Chieu cao nc dang len la:
25 : 49 = 0,51 (dm)
Sau khi tha gach vao, nc con
cach mieng thung la:
3 0,51 = 2,49 (dm)

A

B

D C

- a e bai va hnh ve bai
tap 12 len bang phu
- Goi HS len bang thc hien
AB 6 13 14
BC 15 16 34
CD 42 70 62
DA 45 75 75
- Neu cong thc s dung
chung va tng trng hp?

- HS ien so vao o trong:
AB 6 13 14 25
BC 15 16 23 34
CD 42 40 70 62
DA 45 45 75 75
- Cong thc:
AD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2

AD = \ AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2

CD = \ AD
2
AB
2
BC
2

BC = \ AD
2
AB
2
CD
2

AB = \ AD
2
BC
2
CD
2

- Hoc bai Chuan b lam
bai kiem tra 15
- Lam bai tap: 14, 16 trang
104, 105 sgk.
- Nghe dan va ghi chu vao v
.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
135 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
4. HNH LANG TRU NG

I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS nam c (trc quan) cac yeu to cua hnh lang tru ng (nh, canh, mat
ay, mat ben, chieu cao). Biet goi ten cac hnh lang tru ng theo a giac ay.
- Biet cach ve cac hnh lang tru theo ba bc (ve mot ay -> canh ben -> ay
th hai).
- Cung co khai niem song song.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, phan mau, bang phu (hnh ve san h93, 95), mo hnh hnh lang tru
ng.
- HS : V ghi, sgk, dung cu hoc tap, giay lam bai kiem tra.
- Phng phap :

Cho hnh hop ch nhat
ABCD.EFGH
1. Hay ghi ten:
- Hai mat phang ssong
vi nhau(2)
- Hai mp vuong goc vi
nhau.(2)
2. Gia s AB = 4cm, BC =
3cm, AE = 2cm. Hay tnh:
a) o dai oan AC?
AG? (3)
b) The tch hnh hop
ch nhat tren?
(3)
a e bai kiem tra 15 co
tranh ve hnh hop ch nhat
len bang phu
Yeu cau HS lam bai vao
giay
B C

A D
F G
E H

HS lam bai tren giay

4. HNH LANG
TRU NG
Ta a hoc ve hnh hop cnhat,
hnh lap phng, o la cac
dang ac biet cua hnh lang
tru ng. Vay the nao la
hnh lang tru ng?

HS nghe GV trnh bai va ghi
bai.
Hoat ong 3 : Hnh lang tru ng ()
1. Hnh lang tru ng :
tren hnh ve la
lang tru ng
co :

- Cac nh: A, B,
C, D, A
1
, B
1
, C
1

D
1
.
- Cac mat ben:
ABB
1
A
1
, CDD
1
C
1
, la
Treo tranh ve san hnh lang
tru len bang va hoi:
Hay quan sat cho ky va xem
hnh lang tru nay co ac
iem g?

GV hng dan cach ve hnh
lang tru theo ba bc:
+ Ve mot ay.
+ Ve cac ng song song.
+ lay cac iem tng ng
roi noi lai.
HS ghi bai

HS quan sat tranh ve va thay
nhau tra li ve cac ac
iem : mat ay, canh ben,
mat ben
HS ghi bai
HS luyen tap ve hnh lang
tru theo hng dan cua GV.

HS suy ngh

Tiet : 59
Ngay soan :
07/04/12
Ngay day: 14/04/12
Gio n hnh hc 8
136 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
cac hcn.
- Cac canh ben AA
1
, BB
1
,
CC
1
, DD
1
song song va
bang nhau.
- Hai ay la 2 mat
ABCD, A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
chung
bang nhau va nam tren
hai mat phang song song.
tru c goi la lang tru
ng, luc o canh ben
ong thi la ng cao.
- Neu ay cua lang tru
ng la a giac eu th
o la mot lang tru eu.

Cach goi ten hnh lang tru?
GV gi y:
Goi theo ay?
Goi theo canh ben so vi
ay?
=> Ket hp ca hai cach goi
HS goi ten theo ay: tam
giac, t giac
Lang tru ng, xien.
HS tap goi ten cac loai lang
tru
Hoat ong 4 : Hnh hop ()
2. Hnh hop :
- Hnh hop la mot hnh
lang tru co ay la hnh
bnh hanh.
- Hnh hop la hnh khong
gian co 6 mat
+ Cac mat (ACCA),
(BDDB) la cac mat
cheo (cung la hnh bnh
hanh)
+ Mot hnh hop ng
co ay la hnh ch nht
la hnh hop ch nhat.
+ Hnh lap phng la
hnh hop ch nhat co 6
mat eu la hnh vuong.
Treo tranh ve san hnh hop.
Neu nh ngha hnh hop va
noi : co the neu nh ngha
hnh hop theo ba cach
Tnh chat cua hnh hop?
Co may mat, la hnh g?
Cac mat cheo?
Hai mat cheo cat nhau theo
giao tuyen OO ssong vi cac
canh ben hnh hop.
Cac trng hp ac biet:
hnh hop ch nhat, hnh lap
phng.
HS quan sat tranh
Tap dnh ngha theo ba cach
va ghi bai

HS suy ngh
HS quan sat tranh va tra li
HS nghe giang va ghi bai

HS neu cac trng hp ac
biet cua hnh hop.
Hoat ong 5 : Cung co ()
Ve lang tru luc giac
eu.
Ve lang tru tam giac
eu
GV hng dan HS ve theo ba
bc nh tren
HS ve lang tru theo hng
dan
- Hoc ky tng khai niem:
noi ro s khac nhau gia
lang tru xien, lang tru ng,
lang tru eu, hnh hop, hnh
hop ch nhat.
- Lam bai tap 1 (trang 90
sgk)
HS nghe dan

HS oc qua bai 1 ghi chu
.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
137 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
5. DIEN TCH XUNG QUANH
VA THE TCH CUA LANG TRU

I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS hieu c cach tnh dien tch xung quanh va the tch hnh lang tru.
- Biet s dung cac cong thc vao viec tnh dien tch va the tch cac lang tru.
- HS c lam cac bai tap sach giao khoa.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV: giao an, sgk, phan mau, thc, mo hnh, hnh ve san.
- HS: v ghi, sgk, dung cu HS.
- Phng phap :

- Hnh lang tru la hnh
nh the nao? (4)
- Neu s khac nhau cua
lang tru ng va lang
tru xien (canh ben va
mat ay? Canh va
ng cao?)? (4)
- Cau noi sau ay ung
hay sai? Giai thch: Trong
hnh lang tru xien th cac
mat ben cua no khong
the la hnh ch nhat.
(2)

GV neu cau hoi va thang
iem
Goi mot HS len bang
Goi HS khac nhan xet
anh gia cho iem va chot
lai van e.

Mot HS len bang tra li
Ca lp theo doi, nhan xet.

ap: Sai, trong lang tru xien
co the co mat ben la hnh
ch nhat

Hoat ong 3 : Dien tch xung quanh ()
1. Dien tch xung quanh:
- Dien tch xung quanh
cua lang tru la tong
dien tch cac mat ben:
S
xq
= S
1
+ S
2
+ + S
n

- Trng hp lang tru
ng th:
S
xq
= pl
(p la chu vi ay, l la o
dai canh ben)
- Dien tch toan phan
cua lang tru bang tong
cua dien tch xung quanh
vi hai lan dien tch ay.
S
tp
= S
xq
+ 2S

GV ii thieu trc tiep bai
va ghi bang
Tm dien tch xung quanh cua
lang tru? (Moi mat cua
lang tru la hnh g? => S
xq
?)
Trng hp lang tru ng
ay la a
1
, a
2
, , a
n
canh ben
la l th sao?
Muon tm dien tch toan
phan cua lang tru ta lam
sao?
GV tom tat ghi bang

HS ghi bai
HS suy ngh
HS: hnh bnh hanh => S
xq
= tong
dt cac hbh
S
xq
= a
1
l + a
2
l + + a
n
l
= (a
1
+ a
2
++ a
n
)l = pl

HS : ta cong S
xq
vi dien tch
hai ay

HS ghi bai
Hoat ong 4 : The tch ()
2. The tch:
V = B.h

lp 5 a tnh the tch

HS nhac lai cong thc tnh the
Tiet : 60
Ngay soan :
03/04/10
Ngay day: 10/04/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
138 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
(B la dien tch ay, h la
o dai ng cao)
hnh hop => the tch lang tru
cung nh hnh hop.
tch hnh hop.
Hoat ong 5 : V du ()
3. V du: (sgk)
B C
a) S
tp
= S
xq
+ 2S

BC=\9
2
+12
2
=\225 = 15
A
(nh l Pitago)
B C
S
xq
= (9+12+15)10 = 360
2S
= 2.
2
12 . 9
= 108
A
S
tp
= 360 + 108 = 468 (cm
2
)
) V= Bh =
2
12 . 9
.10 = 540
(cm
3
)
ap so: S
tp
= 468 cm
2

V = 540 cm
3

Goi HS oc v du sgk
GV ghi bang ve hnh
Nhn hnh nhac lai e toan?
Viet ket luan cua e?
Em hay th tnh?
Goi HS cho biet ket qua
GV ghi bang
Goi HS khac nhan xet
GV hoan chnh bai giai

HS oc v du (sgk)

HS nhac lai e bai toan
Viet ket luan e
HS lam bai t phut, sau o
ng tai cho tra li ket qua
HS khac nhan xet
HS ghi bai
Hoat ong 6 : Cung co ()
Lam bai 2 sgk trang 90:
S
xq
= 3AA.AB = 3.2a.a =
6a
2

V = Bh =
2
3
2 .
4
3
3 2
a
a
a
=
GV yeu cau
Goi HS oc e bai
GV theo doi
GV tom tat ghi bang
HS lam bai tap 2 sgk
HS oc e bai
Ca lp cung lam t phut
HS ng tai cho tra li
Hoc thuoc cong thc dien
tch xung quanh va the tch
lang tru.
Lam bai tap 1 va 3 sgk
trang 90
HS ghi nhan

.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
139 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Ngay day: 26/04/11

Tiet : 61
6. THE T CH CUA
H NH LANG TRU NG

I/ MUC TIEU:
- HS nam c cong thc tnh the hnh lang tru ng.
- Biet van dung cong thc vao tnh toan.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV : Thc, phan mau, bang phu (e kiem tra, tranh ve hnh 106).
- HS : On tap cong thc tnh the tch hnh hop ch nhat.

Cho lang tru ng
tam giac can
ABC.ABC vi cac
so o nh hnh ve.
a) Tnh S
xq
?
b) Tnh S
tp
cua lang
tru?

GV a e bai va tranh ve
len bang, neu yeu cau cau
hoi
Goi mot HS
22cm

13

10
Cho ca lp nhan xet
GV anh gia cho iem

Mot HS len bang tra bai.
Ca lp theo doi.

Nhan xet tra li cuaban.

H2: Cong thc 15
1. Cong thc tnh
the tch:
The tch hnh lang
tru ng bang dien
tch ay nhan vi
chieu cao
V = S.h
(S:dtch ay; h: chieu
cao)

Goi HS nhac lai cong thc
tnh the tch hnh hop ch
nhat.
Treo bang phu ve hnh 106 .
cho HS thc hien

oc e bai 17
Thc hien theo yeu cau GV: lan
lt tra li cau hoi:
mp(EFGH) la : AB, DC, AD, BC
b) ng thang AB ssong vi
mat phang: (EFGH), (DCGH)
c) AD//BC, AD//EH, AD//FG.
Bai 15: (trang 105)

7

a e bai, hnh ve bai tap
15 len bang phu
GV hoi:
Khi cha tha gach vao, nc
cach mieng thung bao nhieu
dm?

Mot HS oc e bai toan

HS quan sat hnh, tra li:
Khi cha tha gach vao nc
cach mieng thung la: 7 4 = 3
(dm)
Gio n hnh hc 8
140 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
4

Khi tha gach vao, nc dang
len la do co 25 vien gach
trong nc. Vay so sanh vi
khi cha tha gach, the tch
nc + gach tang len bao
nhieu?
Dien tch ay thung la bao
nhieu?
Vay lam the nao e tnh
chieu cao cua nc dang len
?
Vay nc con cach mieng
thung bao nhieu dm?
GV lu y HS: Do co ieu
kien toan bo gach ngap trong
nc va chng hut nc
khong ang ke nen ttch
nc tang bang ttch cua 25
vien gach
The tch nc + gach tang bang
the tch cua 25 vien gach:
(2 . 1 . 0,5) . 25 = 25 (dm
3
)

Dien tch ay thung la:
7 . 7 = 49 (dm
2
)
Chieu cao nc dang len la:
25 : 49 = 0,51 (dm)
Sau khi tha gach vao, nc con
cach mieng thung la:
3 0,51 = 2,49 (dm)
Bai tap 12(sgk tr 104)

A

B

D C

a e bai va hnh ve bai
tap 12 len bang phu
Goi HS len bang thc hien
AB 6 13 14
BC 15 16 34
CD 42 70 62
DA 45 75 75
Neu cong thc s dung
chung va tng trng hp?

HS ien so vao o trong:
AB 6 13 14 25
BC 15 16 23 34
CD 42 40 70 62
DA 45 45 75 75
Cong thc:
AD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2

AD = \ AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2

CD = \ AD
2
AB
2
BC
2

BC = \ AD
2
AB
2
CD
2

AB = \ AD
2
BC
2
CD
2

Hoc bai Chuan b lam bai
kiem tra 15
Lam bai tap: 14, 16 trang 104,
105 sgk.
Nghe dan
Ghi chu vao v

.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
141 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
LUYEN TAP 5,6

I/ MUC TIEU:
- Ren luyen cho HS k nang phan tch hnh, xac nh ung ay, chieu cao cua
hnh lang tru.
- Biet van dung cong thc tnh dien tch, the tch cua lang tru mot cach thch
hp.
- Cung co khai niem song song, vuong goc gia ng, mat
- Tiep tuc luyen tap k nang ve hnh khong gian.
II/ CHUAN B :
- GV: Thc, phan mau, bang phu (e kiem tra, hnh ve).
- HS: On tap cong thc tnh dien tch, the tch ; v ghi, sgk, dung cu hoc tap.

NOI DUNG HOAT ONG CUA GV HOA T ONG CUA HS
Phat bieu va viet
cong thc tnh the tch
hnh lang tru ng.
Tnh the tch va dien
tch toan phan cua
lang tru ng tam
giac hnh ve

ch nhat len bang, neu
yeu cau cau hoi
- Goi mot HS


- Ca lp theo doi.
(hnh ve tren)
a) Canh song song vi
AD
b) Canh song song vi
AB
c) ng thang song
song vi mp(EFGH) ?
d) ng thang song
song vi mp(DCGH) ?
- Neu bai tap 33
- Treo bang hnh ve (e kiem
tra), neu tng cau hoi. Goi
HS tra li
A D
B C
E H

F G

- oc e bai 33
- Thc hien theo yeu cau GV:
lan lt tra li cau hoi:
AD la EH, FG, BC
b) ng thang ssong vi AB la
EF,
c) AD, BC, AB, CD //(EFGH)
d) AE, BF //(DCGH)
Tnh the tch cua hop
xa phong va hop
socola:
a) S
ay
= 28 cm
2

xa phong 8cm

- Neu bai tap 34, cho HS xem
hnh 114
- Hoi : Hop xa phong va
hop Socola la hnh g?

- Cach tnh the tch moi hnh?
- Goi HS giai

- oc e bai tap, quan sat hnh
ve.

Tl: Hop xa phong co hnh hop
ch nhat, hop socola co hnh
lang tru ng tam giac.
- The tch = Dien tch ay x
chieu cao
- Hai HS giai bang:
Tiet : 62
Ngay soan
:23/04/11
Ngay day: 27/04/11
Gio n hnh hc 8
142 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh

b) S
ABC
= 12 cm
2

C
9cm
A B

- Cho HS nhan xet bai giai
bang
- anh gia, sa sai
a) V
1
= S
1
.h
1

= 28 . 8 = 224 (cm
3
)
b) V
2
= S
2
. h
2

= 12 . 9 = 108 (cm
3
)
- Nhan xet bai lam bang.
Tnh the tch cua 1
lang tru ng ay la
t giac ABCD (hve)
chieu cao la 10cm
B

A H K C

D
- a e bai va hnh ve bai
tap 35 len bang phu (hnh
115)
- e tnh the tch cua lang
tru ta can tm g? Bang cach
nao?
- Goi HS lam bai
- Theo doi, giup HS lam
bai

- Cho HS nhan xet bai
bang
- anh gia, sa sai

- HS oc e bai

- Suy ngh, tra li: Can tm dien
tch mat ay ABCD
- Mot HS lam bai bang:
S
ay
= 8.3 + 8.4 = 12 + 16
= 28 (cm
2
)
V = S
.h = 28.10 = 280 (cm

3
)
- HS nhan xet, sa sai
- Hoc bai xem lai cac bai
a giai
- On tap theo e cng
chuan b thi HK2
v

.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
143 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Ngay soan :23/04/11
Ngay day: 28/04/11
Tiet : 63
7. HNH CHOP EU VA
HNH CHOP CUT EU

I/ MUC TIEU :
Hs co khai niem ve hnh chop va hnh chop eu, hnh chop cut eu (nh, canh ben, mat
ben, mat ay, trung oan, ng cao).
Biet goi ten hnh chop theo a giac ay.
Biet cach ve hnh chop t giac eu.
Cung co khai niem ng thang vuong goc vi mat phang.
II/ CHUAN B :
GV: giao an, sgk, thc, bang phu (hnh ve san H116, 117, 118, 119, 121), mo hnh hnh chop,
hnh chop t giac eu, hnh chop tam giac eu, hnh chop cut eu.
HS: v ghi, sgk, dung cu hoc sinh.
NOI DUNG THAY TRO
H1: Hnh chop
1 - Hnh chop:
a) nh ngha:
Hnh chop la mot hnh khong gian co
ay la mot a giac va cac mat ben la
cac tam giac co chung mot nh
S
Vd: hnh chop S.ABCD
b) Chu y:
- Tuy theo ay cua hnh D
chop ma ta goi hnh chopA C
tam giac, hnh chop t giac B

Gv gii thieu bai trc tiep
Treo tranh ve hnh chop, cho
hs xem mo hnh hnh chop.
Hoi: trong hnh chop nay
co bao nhieu mat? ac
iem hnh chop nay co g
can ghi nh? (ay, canh
ben, mat ben, nh, ng
cao?) gv chot lai van e, k
hieu hnh chop.
Cach goi ten hnh chop?

Hs ghi bai
Hs quan sat mo hnh,
tranh ve
Hs tra li so mat cua
hnh chop, nhan xet
ve cac yeu to hnh
hoc cua hnh chop.
Hs ghi bai
Hs tra li theo cach
goi ten lang tru, lang
tru eu.
H2: Hnh chop eu
2 Hnh chop eu:
- Hnh chop eu la hnh chop co ay
la a giac eu va co chan ng cao
trung vi tam ay.

Hnh chop eu la nh tnao?
Theo ngha, em cho biet hnh
chop co so mat t nhat la
bao nhieu?

Gio n hnh hc 8
144 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
H4: Hnh chop cut
3. Hnh chop cut:
- Cat mot hnh chop bang mot mp
ssong vi ay th phan nam gia mp
o va ay la hnh chop cut.
- Neu hnh chop b cat la hnh chop
eu th ta c hnh chop cut eu
- Dien tch xung quanh cua hnh chop
cut eu c tnh theo cong thc:
S
xq
= (p + p)d.
(p, p la chu vi 2 ay; d la ng cao
hnh thang (mat ben) bang nhau).
- The tch hnh chop cut (bat k)
c tnh theo cong thc:
V = ' ' (
3
1
BB B B h + + )
(B va Bla dien tch hai ay, h la
o dai ng cao)

Treo hnh ve hnh chop
cut, gv gii thieu hnh
chop cut

Cho hs quan sat mo hnh
hnh chop cut eu: moi
mat ben hnh chop cut
eu la hnh g?
Ta ch tnh dien tch xung
quanh cua hnh chop cut
eu. Dien tch moi mat
ben? => dien tch xung
quanh?

The tch hnh chop cut
bat k c tnh nh the
nao?
Gv gii thieu cong thc
tnh

Hs quan sat hnh
chop cut va nghe
gii thieu

Hs quan sat mo hnh
hnh chop cut eu
va tra li

Hs tra li cong
thc tnh hnh thang
mat ben va suy ra
dien tch xung quanh
Hs suy ngh

Hs ghi nhan
H5: Luyen tap
Tnh S
xq
va V cua hnh chop tam
giac eu S.ABC. biet canh ay hnh
chop a=12cm o dai ng cao h =
2cm
(s: S
xq
= 72 cm
2
; V = 24 3 cm
3
)

Gv ghi e bai len bang,
ve hnh hnh chop tam
giac eu yeu cau hs tnh
S
xq
va V?
Gv hng dan tnh d

Hs ghi e bai vao
v, ve hnh va lam
bai (ap dung cong
thc tnh). Mot hs
lam bang.
H6: Hng dan ve nha
- Hoc bai + xem sgk
- Lam cac bai tap 4, 5, 6 sgk (trg
90)

Gv dan do

Hs ghi nhan
.
.
Gio n hnh hc 8
145 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
5 DNG HNH BANG THC
VA COMPA DNG HNH THANG
I/ MUC TIEU:
- HS hieu c khai niem Bai toan dng hnh. o la bai toan ve hnh ch s dung hai
dung cu la thc va compa; Bc au, HS hieu c rang giai mot bai toan dng hnh
la ch ra mot he thong cac phep dng hnh c ban lien tiep nhau e xac mh c hnh
o (cach dng) va phai ch ra c rang hnh dng c theo phng phap a neu ra thoa
man ay u cac yeu cau at ra (chng minh).
- HS bc au biet trnh bay phan cach dng va chng minh; biet s dung thc va
compa e dng hnh vao trong v (theo cac so lieu cho trc bang so) tng oi chnh xac.
- Ren luyen tnh can than, chnh xac khi s dung dung cu; ren luyen kha nang suy luan
khi chng minh. Co y thc van dung dng hnh vao thc te.
II/ CHUAN B : :
- GV : thc thang, compa, thc o goc, cac bang phu e ve hnh san.
- HS : On tap cac bai toan dng hnh a hoc lp 6, 7; v ghi, sgk, dung cu hoc tap
- Phng phap : am thoai

Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai mi (1)
5 DNG HNH BANG
THC VA COMPA
DNG HNH THANG

- lp 6,7 cac em a lam
quen vi cac dung cu ve
hnh. Hom nay chung ta se ve
hnh ch vi 2 dung cu :
thc, compa
- HS nghe va ghi ta bai
Hoat ong 2 : Tm hieu khai niem bai toan dng hnh (4)
1.Bai toan dng hnh:
- Bai toan ve hnh ma ch s
dung hai dung cu la thc va
compa c goi la bai toan
dng hnh .
- GV thuyet trnh cho HS nam
va phan biet ro cac khai
niem bai toan dng hnh,
ve hnh, dng hnh
- Khi dung thc ta ve c
hnh nao ?

- Vi compa th sao ?
- HS nghe giang.

- Ve 1 g thang khi biet 2
iem
- Ve 1 n thang khi biet 2
mut
- Ve 1 tia khi biet goc va 1
iem cua tia.
-Ta ve c tron khi biet
tam
Hoat ong 3 : On tap kien thc cu (12)
2.Cac bai toan dng hnh a
biet:
- Dng oan thang bang oan
thang cho trc.
- Dng goc bang goc cho trc
- Dng ng trung trc cua
mot oan thang cho trc, dng
trung iem cua mot oan thang
cho trc.
- GV a ra bang phu co ve
hnh bieu th li giai cac bai
toan dng hnh a biet (H46,
47 Sgk).
- Cac hnh ve trong bang,
moi hnh bieu th noi dung va
li giai cua bai toan dng
hnh nao?
- Mo ta th t cac thao tac
- HS quan sat hnh ve va
suy ngh tra li
Hnh 46:
a) Dng oan thang
b) Dng goc
c) Dng trung trc . . .
Hnh 47:
a) Dng tia phan giac
b) Dng ng vuong
Gio n hnh hc 8
146 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
- Dng tia phan giac cua mot
goc cho trc.
- Dng ng thang i qua mot
iem cho trc va vuong goc
vi ng thang cho trc
- Dng ng thang i qua mot
iem cho trc va song song
vi ng thang cho trc.
- Dng tam giac biet ba canh
(hoac hai canh va goc xen gia
hoac biet mot canh va hai goc
ke)
s dung compa va thc
thang e ve c hnh theo
yeu cau cua moi bai toan
- GV chot lai bang cach trnh
bay cac thao tac s dung
compa, thc thang trong tng
bai toan tren va cho biet: 6
bai toan tren va 3 bai dng
tam giac la 9 bai c coi nh
a biet, ta se s dung e
giai cac bai toan dng hnh
khac. Khi trnh bay li giai
bai toan dng hnh, th khong
phai trnh bay thao tac ve nh
a lam ma ch ghi vao phan
li giai nh la mot thong
bao ch dan co phep dng
hnh o trong cac bc dng
hnh ma thoi
goc
c) Dng t song song
- HS quan sat va thc hanh
dng hnh vao v cac bai
tren

- HS nghe e biet s dung
cac bai toan dng hnh c
ban vao viec giai bai
toan dng hnh

Hoat ong 3 : Tm hieu dng hnh thang (18)
3.Dng hnh thang:
V du: Dng hnh thang ABCD
biet ay AB = 3cm, CD = 4cm,
canh ben AD = 2 . D = 70
0

3
4
2
70
A B
C
D

Cach dng:
- Dng AACD co D = 70
0
, DC =
4cm, DA = 2cm
- Dng tia Ax song song vi CD
- Dng iem B tren tia Ax sao
cho AB=3cm. Ke oan thang CB
Chng minh:
- Theo cach dng, ta co AB//CD
nen ABCD la hnh thang
- Theo cach dng AACD, ta co D
= 70
0
, DC = 4cm, DA = 2cm.
- Theo cach dng iem B, ta co
AB = 3cm.
Vay ABCD la hnh thang thoa
man cac yeu cau cua e bai
- Ghi v du trong sgk cho HS tm
hieu Gt va Kl cua bai toan
- Em hay cho biet GT-KL cua
bai toan nay?
- GV ghi bang (GT-KL)
- Treo bang phu co ve trc
hnh thang ABCD can dng:
Gia s a dng c hnh
thang ABCD thoa man cac
yeu cau e bai.
- Muon dng hnh thang ta phai
xac nh 4 nh cua no. Theo
cac em, nhng nh nao co
the xac nh c? V sao?

- T phan tch, ta suy ra cach
dng
- Ta phai chng minh t giac
ABCD la hnh thang thoa man
cac yeu cau e ra. Em nao
co the chng minh c?
phan chng minh
- Vi cach dng tren, ta co
the dng c bao nhieu hnh
thoa man y/c e bai? V sao?
- GV neu phan bien luan bai
- HS oc va tm hieu e
bai

- HS phat bieu tom tat GT-
KL cua bai toan
- HS ghi GT-KL vao v
- HS quan sat

- AACD xac nh c v
biet hai canh va goc xen
gia (xac nh c 3 nh
A, C, D)
iem B nam tren ng
thang ssong vi CD, cach A
mot khoang 3cm
- HS tham gia neu cach dng

- HS lan lt neu cac bc
cm t giac ABCD la hnh
thang thoa man cac yeu
cau e ra

- HS ghi bai

- HS suy ngh, tra li

- HS nghe hieu
Gio n hnh hc 8
147 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Hoat ong 4: Cung co (8)
Bai 29 trang 83 Sgk

x
65
A
B C

1. Giai bai toan dng hnh gom
4 phan: Phan tch Cach dng
Chng minh Bien luan.
2. Li giai mot bai dng hnh
ch yeu cau hai phan: cach
dng va chng minh.
+ Cho HS neu cach dng

- Goi 1 HS chng minh

- GV chot lai cach giai mot
bai toan dng hnh (4 bc);
cach tien hanh tng bc
- GV nhan manh cach trnh
bay li giai bai toan dng
hnh va lu y can phai phan
tch ngoai nhap
- HS oc e
- Dng oan thang BC=4cm
- Dng tia Bx tao vi tia BC
1 goc CBx = 65
0

- Dng ng thang qua C
va vuong goc vi Bx
ng thang nay cat tia Bx
tai A
- ABC co
A =90
0
(v
CABx)
BC=4cm,
0
65 B =
- HS nghe, hieu
- HS nhac lai 4 bc tien
hanh giai mot bai toan
dng hnh
- HS nhac lai cach trnh bay
li giai mot bai toan
dng hnh
Hoat ong 5: Dan do (2)
Bai 30 trang 83 Sgk

Bai 31 trang 83 Sgk
! Tng t bai 29
! Ve ADC co
AD=2cm, AC=4cm,DC=4cm
Chu y can phan tch bai
toan e ch ra cach dng. -
Trong li giai ch ghi hai
phan cach dng va chng
minh
- HS nghe dan


.
.

Gio n hnh hc 8
148 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
LUYEN TAP 5.
I/ MUC TIEU :
- HS c ren luyen ky nang trnh bay phan cach dng va chng minh trong li giai
bai toan dng hnh; c tap phan tch bai toan dng hnh ch e ch ra cach dng.
- HS s dung compa thc thang e dng c hnh vao trong v.
II/ CHUAN B : :
- GV : Compa, thc thang, thc o goc.
- HS : Hoc va lam bai nha, v ghi, sgk, dung cu HS
- Phng phap : Van ap, hp tac nhom

1/ Cac bc giai bai toan
dng hnh? (3)
2/ Dng AABC vuong tai B ,
biet canh huyen AC = 4 cm ,
canh goc vuong BC =
2cm(7)
- Treo bang phu. Goi mot HS
len bang
- Kiem bai tap ve nha cua
HS

- Mot HS len bang,ca lp
theo doi CD + Dng oan BC =
2cm
+ Dng Bx BC tai B
+ Dng cung tron tam la iem
C vi ban knh 4cm, cung nay
cat tia Bx iem A. Noi AC
AABC la tam giac can dng
+ Chng minh :
Do BxBC=>
B=90
0
=>AABC
vuong tai B co BC=2cm
AC=4cm
- HS khac nhan xet

Bai 33 trang 83 Sgk
80
x 3
z
4
B A
D
y
C

Cach dng:
+ Dng oan CD = 3cm
+ Qua D dng Dx tao vi Dy
1 goc 80
0

+ Dng cung tron tam C
ban knh 4cm.Cung nay cat
Dx tai A
+ Qua A dng tia Az // DC
+ Dng cung tron tam D
ban knh 4cm .Cung nay cat
Az tai B
Chng minh:
ABCD la hnh thang v
AB//CD
Bai 33 trang 83 Sgk
- Yeu cau HS hp tac theo
nhom nho cung ban vi yeu
cau :
- Ve hnh gia s dng c
thoa man cac yeu cau cua
bai toan.
- Thi gian thao luan la 5
- Ch ra cach dng tng bc.
+ Trc tien ta dng oan nao
?
+ Muon dng goc D bang 80
0

ta lam sao ?
+ Muon dng canh AC = 4cm ta
lam nh the nao ?
+ Muon co hnh thang ta phai
co ?
+ Xac nh iem B nh the
nao ?

- HS oc e bai
- Lam bai theo nhom ngoi
cung ban : thao luan cach
dng va chng minh.

- ai dien nhom ghi len bang
+ Dng oan CD = 3cm
+ Qua D dng tia Dx tao vi tia
Dy 1 goc 80
0

+ Dng cung tron tam C ban
knh 4cm. Cung nay cat Dy tai
iem A
+ Qua A dng tia Az // DC
+ Dng cung tron tam D ban
knh 4cm . Cung nay cat tia Az
tai B
- Ca lp nhan xet
- HS tra li theo cau hoi gi
y
Tiet : 09
Ngay soan :
24/09/10
Ngay day:29/09/10
Gio n hnh hc 8
149 THCS Khiu Nng
Tnh
Hnh thang ABCD la hnh
thang can v co hai ng
cheo AC = BD = 4cm.
Hnh thang can ABCD co
D
= 80
0
, CD = 3cm, AC = 4cm
thoa man yeu cau e bai.
Bai 34 trang 83 Sgk
2
3
x
3 3
B'
B A
D
C
y

- Cach dng :
+ Dng oan CD = 3cm
+ Qua D dng tia Dx tao vi
CD mot goc 90
0

+ Dng cung tron tam D
ban knh 2cm. Cung nay cat
Dx tai iem A
+ Qua A dng tia Ay // DC
+ Dng cung tron tam C
ban knh 3cm . Cung nay cat
tia Ay tai B
Chng minh
+ Do AB//CD=>ABCD la hnh
thang co co
D = 90
0
, CD =
3cm, AD = 2cm thoa man
yeu cau e bai.
- Trnh bay hoan chnh bai
giai
- Hng dan cach chng minh
+ AB // CD ta co ieu g ?
+ Co AC = BD = 4cm ta suy ra
ieu g ?
+ Ket luan ?

Bai 34 trang 83 Sgk
- Chia nhom hoat ong. Thi
gian lam bai la 5 cho cach
dng va 2 cho chng minh
- Nhac nh HS khong tap
trung lam bai.

- Yeu cau ai dien nhom trnh
bay. Cac nhom nhan xet
- GV hoan chnh bai
- Lu y HS co hai hnh thang
can dng do cung tron tam C
cat Ay tai 2 iem
+ Co ABCD la hnh thang
+ Hnh thang ABCD co 2 ng
cheo bang nhau la hnh thang
can
+ Hnh thang can ABCD co
AC = 4cm, CD= 3cm,
D =80
0
thoa
man yeu cau e bai
HS ghi bai giai hoan chnh
tap

- HS oc e bai
- HS chia lam 4 nhom hoat
ong
- Cach dng
+ Dng oan CD = 3cm
+ Qua D dng tia Dx tao vi CD
mot goc 90
0

+ Dng cung tron tam D ban
knh 2cm. Cung nay cat Dx tai
iem A
+ Qua A dng tia Ay // DC
+ Dng cung tron tam C ban
knh 3cm . Cung nay cat tia Ay
tai B
Chng minh
+ Do AB // CD => ABCD la hnh
thang co co
D = 90
0
, CD = 3cm,
AD = 2cm thoa man yeu cau
e bai.
- Cac nhom nhan xet lan nhau

- HS ghi vao tap
Bai 32 trang 83 Sgk

! Dng tam giac eu sau o
dng tia phan giac cua 1 goc
- Xem lai kien thc ve ng
trung bnh va xem trc noi
dung bai mi 6.

- Xem lai cach dng tam giac
eu va tia phan giac cua 1
goc
.
.

Ga Hinh8 Cuc Chuan

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Ga Hinh8 Cuc Chuan

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Gio n hnh hc 8

1 THCS Khiu Nng Tnh

A 60 = . Tnh so o cac goc

B 120 = (ke vi goc A)

D 120 => = (oi dien goc B)

' ' ' ' C A

.h = 28.10 = 280 (cm

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