Conferencia de Inauguración Del 43º CIHS

Fundacin Curso Internacional De Hidrologa Subterrnea
Barcelona, 2009
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-1
MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE
9831 S. 51st Street, Suite E-122 Phoenix, Arizona 85044 P: 480-517-9050 F: 480-517-9049 Website: www.hydrosystems-inc.com
Introduction & Background

MAR Principles Types/Techniques/Methodologies Applications/Uses Water Quality Aspects
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

Aquifer Replenishment Using Manmade Structures
Abstraction Recharge / Storage
Trench
Recovery
Well
Gallery Dry River

Artificial Groundwater Recharge:
Augmenting the natural movement of surface water into underground formations by some method of construction, by spreading of water or by artificially changing natural conditions.*
* David Keith Todd (1959)

Historical Background
Developed in arid/semi-arid regions, i.e. Mediterranean Sea Region Roman Period Dams, aqueduct, galleries Arab/Moorish Period Guadis, galleries, wells
Roman Dam in Mrida Spain
The Alcazar of Mrida Well

Types/Techniques/Methodologies
Direct Surface Recharge Direct Subsurface Recharge Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge

Direct Surface Recharge Spreading basins Stream-channel modification
MAR: Direct Surface Recharge
Spreading Basins, MBT Ranch
MAR: Direct Surface Recharge
Stream-channel Modification

Direct Subsurface Recharge Wells: ASR, injection, & vadose zone wells Recharge pits & shafts Natural opening
MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge Wells

Concrete Concrete Slab Slab 26" 26" 18" 18" Steel Steel Casing Casing Concrete Concrete Slab Slab 48" 48" 18" 18" PVC PVC Casing Casing 180' 180' Perforated Perforated Casing Casing Gravel Gravel Pack Pack
Sand Sand Pack Pack Perforated Perforated Casing Casing 1000' 1000'
Conceptual Well Designs
MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge

Abandoned Gravel Pit
Schematic Illustration of Pit Recharge
MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge
Surface Water Flow
Natural Opening in Limestone Cavern

Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge Basins with pits, shafts, wells Subsurface drainage
MAR: Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge
Spreading Basins with Wells

Applications/Uses*
Maintain or augment the natural groundwater as an economic resource Coordinate operation of surface and groundwater reservoirs Combat adverse conditions such as progressive lowering of groundwater levels, unfavorable salt balance and saline water intrusion
* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)

Applications/Uses*-Continued
Provide subsurface storage for local or imported surface waters Dispose of runoff Reduce or stop significant land subsidence Conserve or extract energy in the form of hot and cold water
* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)

Applications/Uses: Water Quality
Groundwater Remediation, i.e. Plume management Improving Groundwater Quality, i.e. Saline aquifers Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT), i.e. Municipal wastewater treatment
HSIs MAR Experience

ASR: Water Campus/ Fountain Hills Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge: MBT Ranch Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Phoenix /City of Scottsdale Multiple Injection Facilities: Orange County Water District (OCWD)
ASR: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus
Well 122
ASR: Fountain Hills Sanitary District

Constructed in 2000 Automated Downhole Flow Valve Injection rate 400-600 gpm Microfiltered effluent
ASR 1
Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge: MBT Ranch

Constructed in 2003 Phase 1: 160 Acres of basins Infiltrated rate of 0.3 Ft/day Untreated CAP
Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Phoenix-Cave Creek

Constructed in 2004 Phase 1: 7 vadose zone recharge wells Injection rate 200-300 gpm Treated effluent
Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus

28 High tech vadose zone recharge wells Injection rate 300-600 gpm
Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus
Constructed in 1998 RO effluent
Multiple Injection Facilities: Orange County Water District (OCWD)
Geologic Cross-section
Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD
Four Injection Zones
Four Injection Zones
Three Injection Zones
Three Injection Zones
Two Injection Zones
Two Injection Zones
HSIs Other Relevant Experience

USF & APP Permitting Modeling Groundwater Exploration & Development Recovery Wells Well Rehabilitation Use of Geophysics Groundwater Quality Assessments
Permitting: Selected Projects (30 USF Permits)

Arizona American: DMB/Verrado Sun City West Global Water Company Pima County: Pima Utilities
NAUSP CAWCD: Agua Fria IWDS North Scottsdale ASR Facility SRP/CAP Project Water Campus WestWorld RF
Chandler Regional Park RF Intel Pilot Recharge Project
Kyrene Recharge Fountain Hills RF Vidler Water Company
USF Permitting Process

Pre-App. Meeting
Application Submittal
100 days
19 5d ay s
295 Days
Permit Decision
Permitting: Selected Projects (40 APP Permits)

Chandler Regional Park RF Intel Pilot Recharge Project Mulberry North Regional WWTP South Well Field Pima County: Pima Utilities
Fountain Hills RF Global Water Company SRP/CAP Project Water Campus WestWorld RF
Arrowhead Ranch SPA-1
APP Permitting Process

Pre-App. Meeting Application Proposal Hydrologic Study
Application Submittal
30 days
90
30 days
s day Completeness
Determination
90
Completeness ys Determination a d
s da y
Technical Review
45 d
30
ays
60
da y s
221-284 Days
Permit Decision
266-329 Days
30 s day
Close of Hearing Record

7 ys a d
Application without Hearing
a 30 d ys
30 days
75 da y s
Application with Hearing
Modeling: Selected Projects (Area and Basin Wide)

Agua Fria Central Arizona Water Conservation District Town of Payson Hydrogeologic Summary Report
Fountain Hills Sanitary District Fountain Hills Sub-basin
Red Gap Ranch LLC Groundwater Flow Model
GDW, LLC & City of Scottsdale North Scottsdale ASR Project City of Mesa Northwest Recharge
City of Tempe Kyrene Groundwater Recharge Project Vanderbilt Farms Harquahala Valley
Groundwater Exploration & Development
Sandy Valley, Nevada - Vidler Water Company
Aquifer Testing
Water Quality Survey
Recovery Wells
Municipal Wells
Municipal Wells
Chemical Treatment
Aqua Freed
Well Rehabilitation
Air Development
Sample Collection
Borehole Geophysics
Borehole Geophysics
Use of Geophysics
Surface Geophysics
Surface Geophysics
TDS Contour Map
Field Sampling
Groundwater Quality Assessments
Chloride Map
Groundwater Chemistry
Integration of MAR Into Water Resources Management
Water Quantity Management Water Quality Management
Water Quantity Management Through MAR

Store treated water for future uses Mound build up to change local groundwater flow direction
Water Quanlity Management Through MAR

Blend waters in aquifer Block migration of poor water quality
Summary
HydroSystems, Inc. is the right choice for MAR because of our superior: Knowledge/Expertise Regulatory Relationships Practical Applications Operation Experience
Facility Operations (weeks to years)
The End
Fundacin Curso Internacional De Hidrologa Subterrnea

Barcelona, 2009
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Arizona
Estado Del Gran Caon Del Colorado The Grand Canyon State
Bienvenidos Amigos Welcome

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Arizona
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Greetings from Arizona

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Grand Canyon
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Arizona
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Phoenix
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The Southwest Desert Region

Arizona California New
Mexico
Nevada Utah
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Nevada Utah California
Arizona
New Mexico
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Climate and Water Distribution

Climate - Semiarid
Surface Water Seasonal and limited

Winter: El Ni Nio:
-
Pacific fronts major Dry / La Ni Nio / wet
Summer: Tropical fronts minor Major drainages:

Colorado River Rocky Mountains Rio Grande Rocky Mountains San Joaquin and San Fernando Rivers Sierra Nevada
Groundwater Uneven geographic distribution

In low desert region:
Alluvial
In mountains and Colorado Plateau: Bedrock aquifers

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Regional Historic Water Use

Late 1800s to mid 1900s
Development of Agriculture The Reclamation Act Large Irrigation Projects (U.S.B.R.) The Salt River Project Intensive use of groundwater Ag. chemicals pollute groundwater: NO3, DBCP, EDB
Mid 1900s to Present

Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, Las Vegas, Albuquerque, Salt Lake City, Tucson Industry displaces agriculture as revenue source Ag wells converted to potable wells Industrial chemicals pollute groundwater: VOCs, gasoline
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Late 1800s to Mid 1990s

Reclamation projects U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Large Irrigation Projects (the Salt River Project)
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Roosevelt Dam
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Mid 1900s to Present

Development of megacities rapid industrial and urban growth
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Groundwater Mining
Intense in the Agricultural Areas
Examples:

Central Valley, Imperial Valley, CA Salt River Valley, Pinal County, AZ
Unregulated Abstraction
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Groundwater Mining
Effects
Aquifer depletion - Increase in pumping lift - Change of groundwater flow regime: cones of depression closed basins Land subsidence - Fissures - Infrastructure collapse Groundwater quality deterioration
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Applied Mitigation Practices for Aquifer Restoration

Conservation Importation Augmentation and recharge Purchase and retirement of groundwater rights Re-use In situ and wellhead treatment Regulatory enforcement
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Water Conservation

Public education campaigns Economic incentives Regulatory control Establishment of areas of restricted groundwater use
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The State of Arizona Groundwater Code

The Groundwater Management Acct of 1980

Establishes Active Management Areas (AMA) Guides and mandates progressive reduction of groundwater use Promotes augmentation Encourages re-use
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Water Importation
Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah directly import water from the Colorado River. Arizona, California and Utah built large aqueducts Colorado River water is allocated to each state by agreement. Regulated by the federal government: The Law of the River Arizona vs. California: 1963 Supreme Court Decision In Arizona groundwater can not be exported from one basin to another basin
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Colorado River Basins
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CAP Canal
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Central Arizona Canal
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Water Importation to Los Angeles
The Los Angeles Aqueduct: Owens Valley The Colorado River Aqueduct The California Aqueduct: The State Water Project
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Some Projects in California

Oreg on
Lake Oroville
Sacramento San Francisco Santa Clara Valley

The Delta
da va Ne
Los Angeles Los Angeles Basin San Diego
Ar iz o na
a rni l ifo ct Ca du ue Aq
Fresno Kern River
Los Angeles Aqueduct
Bakersfield
Colorado River Aqueduct
M exico
North
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Purchase and Retirement of Groundwater Rights
More intensive use of groundwater is for agriculture Buy and retire low producing agricultural land (fallowing) Use in Central Valley, CA: Kern Water Bank
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Water Re-Use
Municipal water reclamation - For industrial use: Palo Verde G.S. - For non-edible crop irrigation - For groundwater recharge Strong water quality restrictions: federal, state and local
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Water Re-Use
Soil Aquifer Treatment
Recovery Well Reclaimed Water Recovery Well
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Water Re-Use
Indirect Re-Use
Reclamation Plant Municipal Effluent Water Treatment I, II, III Recharge Basins Infiltration and S.A.T.
Recovery and Disinfection
Storage and Blending
Example: Orange County, CA

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Conjunctive Use in Arizona

The Water Campus Facility
Pre-treatment
I Treatment
Aeration
Clarification
Irrigation R.O. Cl2 Storage Microfiltration Vadose Zone Well Filtration
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Augmentation and Groundwater Recharge

Conjunctive Use
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Conjunctive Water Management

Is the management of surface and groundwater resources in a coordinated operation to the end that the total yield of such a system over several years exceeds the sum of the yield of the separate components of the system that would result from uncoordinated operations" Yields:
SW operation GW operation CWM operation =A =B =Z
Z>A+B
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Conjunctive Use Management

Needed Concepts

Artificial groundwater recharge Water reuse Land subsidence
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Artificial Groundwater Recharge
Methods Direct surface
-
Channel modification T/L levees Basins in-channel / off-channel Pits / trenches
Direct subsurface
- Injection wells - Vadose zone (dry)wells
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Water Reuse

Waste water treatment process Reclaimed water

Quality Disposal Permissible uses Regulations
Soil aquifer treatment

- Methodology - Water recovery
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Elements of Basin Management
Imported Water River System (Natural + Incidental Recharge)
WRP
Inflatable Dam City

Injection Wells Wells
Wells
Channel Recharge Basin Recharge
Aquifer System
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Basin Management
To maximize water yield conjunctive water management should be used
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Basin Management
Integrated Water Management
Water Uses Water Sources
Potable
Surface
Agricultural
Industrial
Ground
Reclaimed
Measurements Studies Planning Management Infrastructure

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Main Components Recharge - Extraction - Recharge
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Objectives

Increase yield Increase the reliability of supply Improve the efficiency of a water system
Procedure
Divert and convey surplus surface water when available for aquifer storage in basins for later use when surface water is scarce or not available
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Methods of Conjunctive Use

Two Major Types
Alternative
conjunctive use conjunctive use
Comprehensive
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Alternative Conjunctive Use

In General
Dry
weather cycle
- Use of groundwater exceeds use of surface water

Wet
weather cycle
- Use of surface water exceeds use of groundwater

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Comprehensive Conjunctive Use
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System Components

Surface storage Dams/reservoirs Diversion elements Conveyance units Underground storage (recharge) facilities Abstraction (recovery units wells Water treatment plants W.T.P. and W.R.P.
Some components of the system may not be needed in the system or may be added later when the need arises example SRP
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Direct In-lieu
recharge recharge
Aquifer Storage is Essential
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Conjunctive Use Operations
Direct Recharge
Storage of water in an aquifer by means of surface percolation or injection, commonly referred to as ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE.
In-lieu Recharge
Is the operation consisting of delivering a volume of surface water to a predominantly groundwater user who then refrains from pumping that same volume of water during an established period of time. Also referred to as INDIRECT GROUNDWATER RECHARGE. It is widely used in Arizona and California.
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Aerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation Ponds Ponds known as the Warner Basin and the Little Little Warren Basin
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Comprehensive Conjunctive Use System
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Basin Management
Types of Conjunctive Use Projects

Stream diversions Dam and reservoirs Aqueducts Total system (dams, reservoirs and aqueducts)
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Basin Management
Example of Dam and Reservoir

Vaquero Project
Vaquero (Twitchell) Dam Project in the Cuyama River

In Santa Barbara County, California Completed in 1959 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Water stored in the reservoir is released by gravity for spreading in the Santa Maria River Up to 80,000 M3/day are recharged Sufficient to overcome the 17E6 M3/Y of the Santa Maria Basin and stop seawater intrusion
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Basin Management
Vaquero Project
Vaquero Reservoir Water S pr ea di ng Sa nt a M ar ia
r ve Ri
Reservoir capacity 300E6 M3 Uses Conservation and flood control Water is released into the channel of the Santa Maria River for infiltration
Dam
Pacific Ocean
Santa Barbara County
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Example of Aqueduct
Central Avra Valley Recharge Project

Basin Management
Tucson, Arizona Colorado River water conveyed by the central Arizona Project Aqueduct Recharge capacity 75E6 M3 Stored water in the Avra Valley Aquifer is recovered for potable supply for Tucson
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Central Arizona Project

Features
Imports Colorado River water to central and southern Arizona Distributes Arizonas Colorado River water allocation A result of the Arizona vs. California law suit Operated and managed by a State Institution the Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD) Delivers water for irrigation and municipal use
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Example of Total System

Santa Ana River Water System

Basin Management
Located in Orange County, California Storm runoff, reclaimed water and imported water is recharged by channel modification spreading and then recovered by wells in the same sub-basin Recharge capacity 250E6 M3/Y
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Location of Selected Systems in the Southwestern USA
California
- San Francisco Bay area - Los Angeles Basin - The Central Valley (Kern County)
Arizona
- Salt River Valley - Lower Santa Cruz Valley - Las Vegas Valley
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Nevada
Conjunctive Water Management in California
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Conjunctive Water Management in California


Santa Clara Valley Kern River Area Los Angeles Basin
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Oreg on
Lake Oroville

The Delta
da va Ne
Ar iz o na
Fresno Kern River
Bakersfield
M exico
North
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Santa Clara Valley

California
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Santa Clara Valley

Location: South of San Francisco Bay Population: (+) 2,500,000 Principal Activity: High tech. The Silicon Valley Area: 1,300 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 330 mm History of Land and Water Use: More than 90% of supply was GW before 1950s all agriculture S > 75E6 M3/Y GWL declined 70M
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Santa Clara Valley

Basin Overdraft Occurred

Land subsidence (> 5M @ San Jose) WQ deterioration from brines Seawater intrusion Increase in pumping costs
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Santa Clara Valley

Components of the Conjunctive Use System

Canals 4 (range of flow: 1m3/S 3.5 m3/S) Dams and reservoirs 13 (range of capacity: 500,000 m3 110,000.000 m3) Groundwater recharge facilities 20 (157 hectares of spreading basins) Pipelines 29 Pump station 4 Water treatment plants 3 Water reclamation plants - 3
3 surface water sources Annual maximum capacity: 400 E6m3

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Water Conveyance, Treatment & Distribution System
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Santa Clara Valley

Remediation - Mitigation of Overdraft
Method Used - Conjunctive Water Management Measures Adopted
Imported water to the basin Artificial groundwater recharge was implemented A large pump tax was levied Seawater intrusion barrier was created
The imported water was purchased from the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project for both direct use and recharge
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Santa Clara Valley

Results of Implementation of Conjunctive Water Management

Groundwater levels have stabilized Land subsidence has ceased Seawater intrusion has stopped
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Kern River Area

Central Valley, California
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Kern Valley Area

Location: San Joaquin Valley Population: 600,000 Principal Activity: Agriculture Area: 20,000 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 180 mm History of Land and Water Use: More than 95% of the area is agriculture S > 620E6 M3/Y in 1950
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Kern Valley Area


Land subsidence (3M) WQ deterioration 70M of decline Increase in pumping costs
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Kern Valley Area

Results of Implementation of Conjunctive Water Management
The overdraft has been reduced considerably S of 620E6 M3/Y in 1950 S of 490E6 M3/Y in 1987 S of <50E6 M3/Y in 1999
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Kern Water Bank

San Joaquin Valley California USA
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The Worlds Largest Aquifer Storage Facility La Planta de Recarga Ms Grande del Mundo
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Geology
The most adequate setting for a large underground storage project

Large Kern River alluvial fan Formed by granitic, coarse clastic sediments from the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Underlain by the Corcoran clay unit within a trough the ideal underground tank
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Factors for the Success of the Kern Water Bank
Need of large volume of water for regional agriculture Three large water sources Existing infrastructure: Conveyance and extraction Excellent hydrogeologic conditions for aquifer storage
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Purpose
Securing a dependable water supply by Water Banking
Finalidad
Asegurar el suministro de agua de manera confiable usando la Banco de Aguas
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Los Angeles Basin

California
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Los Angeles Basin

Location: Southern California Population: 16,000,000 Area: 1,200 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 380 mm History of Land and Water Use: Before 1940: Agriculture/oil production/urban up to this time groundwater was the principal water source After 1950: Accelerated urbanization
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Los Angeles Basin


Up to the 1940s S >> 1.2E9 M3/Y Over pumping cause groundwater levels to drop 30M below sea level Severe seawater intrusion in the coastal area Wells deepened/and/or abandoned Land subsidence occurred Elevated cost of pumping
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Process of Sea Water Intrusion

(Unconfined Aquifer)
Land
Well Well (Contaminated with sea water)
Ocean
Original W.T. S.L. Depressed W.T.
face r e t n tic I S ta
ic m a n Dy
ce a f r te n I
Sea Water
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Hydrogeology of Coastal Orange County, CA

Orange County, CA Well Well Pacific Ocean
Aquitard
Talbert Aquifer
Salt Water
Aquitard Aquitard
Aquitad Aquifer
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Los Angeles Basin

Method Used - Conjunctive Water Management Measures Adopted z z z z z
Large volumes of imported water Artificial groundwater recharge implemented Pump tax levied An extensive seawater intrusion barrier created Water reuse - recharge and indirect use
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Los Angeles Basin

Imported Water
Los Angeles Aqueduct From Owens Valley Colorado River Aqueduct Colorado River California Aqueduct State Water Project
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Oreg on
Lake Oroville

The Delta
da va Ne
Ar iz o na
Fresno Kern River
Bakersfield
M exico
North
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Los Angeles Basin

For Seawater Intrusion
The Central and West Basin Water Replenishment District Created to Manage the Coastal Plain

Levied a pump tax Courts limit extraction to 360 E6 M3/Y Purchased imported water for recharge Constructed a seawater intrusion hydraulic barrier
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Aerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation Ponds Ponds known as the Warner Basin and the Little Little Warren Basin
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Los Angeles Coastal Plain Basin
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Conjunctive Use in Nevada

Las Vegas Valley
Supply Two
for the city of Las Vegas Very rapid population growth water sources River water WTP on Lake Mead
- Colorado River water - Groundwater
Colorado
- For direct use - For groundwater recharge
Water
- Southern Nevada Water Authority Las Vegas Valley Water District

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management entities
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Use
of ASR wells for recharge and recovery of surface water stored in the aquifer is predominantly done in the winter. Recovery in the summer concerning impacts to the groundwater quality largest ASR well field in the USA
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Recharge
No
The

City of Las Vegas
Colorado River
WTP Lake Mead Pipeline Surface Storage
Distribution System ASR Well Field
Bedrock
Alluvial Aquifer
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Conjunctive Water Management in Arizona
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Tucson Metropolitan area: Lower Santa Cruz Valley

- Population: 1.5 million - Annual precipitation: 180 210 mm/y
Phoenix Metropolitan area: Salt River Valley

- Population: 3.9 million - Annual precipitation: 150 200 mm/y
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Tucson
System Facilities for CAP Water CAP aqueduct 4 waterwater-spreading recharge facilities One large well recharge field Water treatment plant System Facilities for Reclaimed Water 2 large water reclamation plants One large recharge (water spreading) facility One managed river discharge System for Groundwater Several well fields
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The Salt River Valley

Arizona
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Salt River Valley

Water Resources Management System
Components

SRP system CAP aqueduct Municipalities systems - Wells

- Water treatment plants - Water distribution network - Water reclamation plants
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Central Arizona Canal
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The Salt River Project
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Conjunctive Water Management by SRP
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Irrigation
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SRP
Components
Surface Water

Dams and reservoirs Water conveyance network: Canals and laterals Hydroelectric plants Measurement and monitoring network Operation and control stations
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SRP
Dams and Reservoirs
Verde River
- Horseshoe 162E6 M3 - Bartlett 220E6 M3
Salt River - Roosevelt 3,082.5E6 M3

Horse Mesa 302E6 M3 Mormon Flat 71E6 M3 Stewart Mountain 86E6 M3
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NEVADA ARIZONA
River
Flagstaff
Salt and Verde Watersheds (13,000 Square Miles)
e rd Ve
R iver
Prescott
Payson
R iv er
CALIFORNIA
Waddell Dam
A gua
Horseshoe Dam Bartlett Dam Roosevelt Dam

S al t
R iv er
Co
lo ra
do
Phoenix
F ri a
Painted Rock Dam

Gi l a
R i ver
Horse Mesa Dam Mormon Flat Dam Granite Reef Dam Stewart Mtn. Dam
Gi la
R iver
Sa
Coolidge Dam
n
Gila Bend
Sa n ta
Cr uz
Yuma
Tucson
NEW MEXICO
R iver
o dr Pe
MEXICO
Ri ve
North
r
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-178
Salt River Project Reservoir System

Horseshoe Dam 2026.00' MSL
131,427 AF
Bartlett Dam 1798.00' MSL

178,186 AF
River
Roosevelt Dam 2151.00' MSL

1,591,800 AF 36 MW
Verde
Stewart Mtn. Dam 1529.00' MSL

Salt
69,765 AF 13 MW
r ve i R
Granite Reef Dam
Horse Mesa MSL Mormon Flat Dam 1914.00' 245,138 AF 130 MW 1660.50' MSL Dam
57,852 AF 59 MW
North
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-179
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-180
Mormon Flat Dam
Stewart Dam Roosevelt Dam
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-181
SRP
Water Conveyance

Canal 210 KM Laterals 320 KM Total 530 KM
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-182
Arizona Canal
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-183
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-184
SRP
Components
Groundwater - Wells Production

Wells Recharge On site water treatment plants
- Water spreading recharge projects
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-185
R1W
R1E
SR VW U A
R2E
R3E
R4E
R5E
R6E
BELL RD.
Rive r
T3N
Ar iz on a
CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN
New
PEORIA
NORTHERN AVE.
Grand Canal
RI VE R
GLENDALE
Ca na l
Granite Reef Dam

SALT RIVER
FR IA
SCOTTSDALE
Cross Cut C an al
PAPAGO BUTTES
u So
th
na Ca
T2N
MC DOWELL RD.
AG UA
PHOENIX
T SAL R RIV E
SR VW U A
TEMPE
pe m al e T an C
T1N
BASELINE RD.
GIL A
MESA
Can a
Western Canal
115TH AVE.
SOUTH MOUNTAIN PARK
Ca n a
GILBERT
19TH AVE.
SCALE IN MILE 67TH AVE.
GILBERT RD.
olida
POWER RD.
North
0 SRP WELLS EXISTING CANAL
te d
PRICE RD.
40TH ST.
Cons
Salt River Project Water Users Area and Canal System

1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-186
R VE RI
T1S
PECOS RD.
CHANDLER
T2S
HUNT HWY.
SRP
Groundwater
Well
- 250 wells - Mean depth 370M - Mean capacity 180-200 L/S
Recharge - GRUSP 1235E6 M3 /Y

- NAUSRP 302E6 M3 /Y - Wells 12E6 M3 /Y
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-187
SRP
Groundwater System

Total pumping capacity 1.0E9 M3/Y Total underground storage capacity 260E6 M3/Y
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-188
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-189
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-190
Granite Reef Underground Project, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Aerial view of delivery and recharge components
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-191
Recharge System Operation

South Canal BCW Headworks Basins
Aquifer Storage
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-192
Water Resources Management

SRP Water Order
Reservoirs Salt/Verde Rivers Groundwater from Wells Secondary Canal
(Direct use)
Granite Reef Diversion Dam
Arizona/ South Canal

(Long term or seasonal storage) (Direct use)
Municipal Water Treatment Plant or Irrigation
Recovery by municipal well or SRP well for City
GRUSP or other USR facility
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-193
North
Recharge Basins
#4
#3
#2 #1
#6 Salt River
#5
l na Ca D. . C. R. W
City of Mesa
l ana C uth So
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-194
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-195
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-196
Groundwater Recharge Facilities

(Chemical + Physical + Biological)
Compatibility
W at er
r te wa nd ou Gr
So ur ce
Stored Water
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-197
SRP
Management
The surface and groundwater system are fully integrated and operate as a single unit by Conjunctive Water Management Water Sources

Salt and Verde Rivers Water Groundwater Central Arizona Project (CAP) Water Reclaimed Water (in the future)
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-198
GRUSP Source Water Blending

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
1/1/97 3/1/97 5/1/97 7/1/97 9/1/97 11/1/97 1/1/98 3/1/98 Salt in S. 5/1/98 7/1/98 9/1/98 11/1/98
Verde in S.
Cap in S.
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-199

NAUSP Facility
Aquifer For
storage Multi source
CAP, SRP and reclaimed water 1,200 E6/y project
Capacity:
Interagency
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-200
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-201
Cavecreek Carefree
Peoria Scottsdale
Surprise El Mirage Youngtown
ri zo na
Fountain Hills Phoenix
Glendale Litchfield Park
Ca n
al
Grand
X-Cut
Ca na
Paradise Valley
Ari
zon
Canal
h ut So n Ca al
Buckeye
Tolleson
Can al
Mesa
Tem p
Guadalupe
Avondale
Chandler
Con sol i da ted Eas Can te r al n Can al
rn ste e W
Canal
Apache Junction
Tempe
Gilbert
Goodyear
Queen Creek
North
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-202
Alluvial Sediments Directly West of NAUSP
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-203
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-204
112030
112025
112020
112015
EXPLANATION
725
Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1991. Interval 25 feet. Dashed w here approximately located. Hachures indicate areas of closed contours
84
60
Rive Riv r er
33040
Arrow Indicates Direction of Groundwater Flow
89
T 4 N Glendale
r er ve Riiv R
Altitude of Water Table, Spring 1991
82
El Mirage
Sun City T 3 N
85 0
75 0
80
0 72
33035
77 5 0 75
Fria Fria
LUKE AIR FORCE BASE
Ne w
72
33030
75
T 2 N
5 77 0 80 82 5 85 0 875
10
Phoenix
A gua
85
Goodyear
33025
Buckeye
Gi la
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
River
t Sa l
0 0 5 Kilometer
5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-205
112030
112025
112020
112015
EXPLANATION
980
Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1923. Interval 20 feet.
1 ,2
00
1,240 1,220
1 ,18 0
84 89 60
1 ,16 0
1,140
33040
T 4 N Glendale
1 ,12 0
R iv
er
Altitude of Water Table, Spring 1923
1 ,1 0
Sun City El Mirage

R iver
1, 0
80
33035
T 3 N
1,040 1,020
Fria
LUKE AIR FORCE BASE
1,060
Ne
1,000
33030
A gua
9 80
T 2 N
Phoenix
960
10
9 40
Goodyear
85
920
33 25
Buckeye
900
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
la Gi la
River
t Sa l
0 0 5 Kilometer
5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-206
112030
112025
-200
112020
112015
-250 -300
33040
84 89 60
-3
T 4 N
00
Glendale
er R iv
Altitude of Water Table, Spring 19231923-77
Sun City El Mirage

33035
R iver
T 3 N
LUKE AIR FORCE BASE

Ne w
- 3 00
Fr ia
33030
T 2 N
-250
Phoenix
-200 -150
10
Goodyear Buckeye
33 25
0
Agua
- 100
85
-50
EXPLANATION
50
Line of Equal WaterLevel Change, in Feet.
Spring 1923 to Spring 1977 Interv al 50 feet
T 1 N
r iv e tR Sa l
Gila
Avondale
River
0 0 5 Kilometer 5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-207
Altitude of Water Table, Spring of 1991

112030 112025 112020 112015
EXPLANATION
725 Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1991. Interval 25 feet. Dashed where approximately located. Hachures indicate areas of closed contours
89 60
R iver
33040
84
T 4 N Glendale
R iv er
Sun City El Mirage

5
85 0
75 0
82
80
0 72
33035
77 5 0 75
T 3 N
72
Ne
LUKE LUKE AIR AIR FORCE FORCE BASE BASE
Fria
33030
75
5 77 0 80 82 5 85 0 875
10
Recharge Site
Phoenix
T 2 N
A gua
85
Goodyear
33025
Buckeye
Gi la
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
0 0
North
5 Mile 5 Kilometer
River
t Sa l
R2W
R1W
R1E
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-208
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-209
Well Recharge
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-210
R1W
R1E
SR VW U A
R2E
R3E
R4E
R5E
R6E
BELL RD.
Rive r
T3N
Ar iz on a
NORTHERN AVE.
Ne w
PEORIA
Grand Canal
RI VE R
GLENDALE
Ca na l
Granite Reef Dam

SALT RIVER
FR IA
SCOTTSDALE
Cross Cut C an al
u So
th
na Ca
T2N
MC DOWELL RD.
AG UA
PHOENIX
T SAL R RIV E
SR VW U A
30.0E 5.9N
pe m al e T an C
T1N
BASELINE RD.
TEMPE
GIL A
MESA
Ca n a
Western Canal
115TH AVE.
Ca n a
GILBERT
19TH AVE.
SCALE IN MILE 67TH AVE.
GILBERT RD.
olida
POWER RD.
North
0 SRP WELLS EXISTING CANAL
te d
PRICE RD.
40TH ST.
Cons
R VE RI
T1S
PECOS RD.
CHANDLER
T2S
HUNT HWY.
Salt River Project Wells

1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-211
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-212
Phase III: Rotating + Cylindrical Filter

CYLINDRICAL FILTER 50 MICRONS
M2
CYLINDRICAL FILTER 25 MICRONS

M3 CYL. FILTER #2
CYL. FILTER #1
P3,4
V2
LE
V3
LE P7
TANK 3
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER FOR LEVEL MEASUREMENT

LE
TANKS 1 ROTATIONAL FILTER P10 M1 BACKWASH
TANKS 2
P8
P5,6
P1,2
FS
V1 H2O2 TO RECHARGE WELL
P9
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-213

Scottsdale, Arizona An AWWT plant: The most advanced technology in North America: 80,000 m3/d A WTP for CAP water: 200,000 m3/d One step beyond water factory 21 (Orange County, California)
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-214

Functions
Treat Treat Treat
CAP water to potable grade municipal effluent to advanced II advanced II to potable grade storage by:
Aquifer
- Vadose zone wells SAT - Injection wells

1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-215

Pre-treatment
I Treatment
Aeration
Clarification
Irrigation R.O. Cl2 Storage Microfiltration Vadose Zone Well Filtration
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-216
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-217
Presa Romana
Siglo I
Mrida, Espaa
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-218
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-219
Acueducto de los Milagros

Siglo I
Mrida, Espaa
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-220
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-221
Abastecimiento de Agua Subterrtrneas

La Alcazaba Siglo IX
Mrida, Espaa
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-222
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-223
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-224
Conclusions
The use of Conjunctive Water Management will maximize the efficiency and costeffectiveness of a water system. This water system could be for irrigation, urban, industrial or multi-purpose. The application of this water management practice has been very successful in the semiarid areas of the Southwestern United States but is also applicable in more humid regions
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-225
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-226
The Salt River Project
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-227

Conferencia de Inauguración Del 43º CIHS

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Conferencia de Inauguración Del 43º CIHS

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Fundacin Curso Internacional De Hidrologa Subterrnea

MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE

Introduction & Background

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

Gallery Dry River

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

* David Keith Todd (1959)

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

Roman Dam in Mrida Spain

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

The Alcazar of Mrida Well

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

MAR: Direct Surface Recharge

Spreading Basins, MBT Ranch

MAR: Direct Surface Recharge

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge Wells

Conceptual Well Designs

MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge

Schematic Illustration of Pit Recharge

MAR: Direct Subsurface Recharge

Surface Water Flow

Natural Opening in Limestone Cavern

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

MAR: Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge

Spreading Basins with Wells

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

HSIs MAR Experience

ASR: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus

ASR: Fountain Hills Sanitary District

Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge: MBT Ranch

Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Phoenix-Cave Creek

Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus

Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Scottsdale-Water Campus

Constructed in 1998 RO effluent

Multiple Injection Facilities: Orange County Water District (OCWD)

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Four Injection Zones

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Four Injection Zones

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Three Injection Zones

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Three Injection Zones

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Two Injection Zones

Multiple Injection Facilities: OCWD

Two Injection Zones

HSIs Other Relevant Experience

Permitting: Selected Projects (30 USF Permits)

Chandler Regional Park RF Intel Pilot Recharge Project

Kyrene Recharge Fountain Hills RF Vidler Water Company

USF Permitting Process

Permitting: Selected Projects (40 APP Permits)

Arrowhead Ranch SPA-1

APP Permitting Process

Close of Hearing Record