RESINS amorphous products complex mixtures of resin acids, resin alcohols, resinotannols, esters and resenes hard, transparent

rent or translucent, soften and melt when heated insoluble in water believed to be oxidation products of terpenes usually brittle amorphous solids fuse readily when heated insoluble in water but dissolve in alcohol or other organic solvents varnish-like film on evaporation, burn with smoky flame OLEORESINS homogeneous mixtures of resins and volatile oils (natural and pharmaceutic) OLEO-GUM-RESINS mixtures of oleoresins and gums BALSAMS resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic acid, benzoic acid or both or esters of these acid GLUCORESINS/GLYCORESINS resins in glycosidal combinations RESIN ACIDS oxyacids, free state or esters, soluble in aqueous solutions of alkalies metallic salts known as resinnates abietic acid, copaivic acid, commiphoric acid RESIN ALCOHOLS complex alcohols of high molecular weight Resinotannols - tannin reaction with iron salt Resinols - no reaction free state or esters with aromatic acids aloeresinotannol peruresinotannol siaresinotannol benzoresinol, storesinol RESENES complex neutral substances devoid of characteristic chemical properties do not form salts or esters, insoluble in alkalies, not hydrolyzed by alkalies GLYCORESINS complex mixtures yielding sugars and complex resin acids on hydrolysis Jalap resin

volatile oil and resin; counterirritant B. CAPSICUM Cayenne Pepper fruit of Capsicum frutescens (African Chillies) Capsicum annuum var. conoides (Tabasco Pepper) Capsicum annuum var. longum (Louisiana Long Pepper) Solanaceae capsaicin (extremely pungent principle),solanine, Vit. A & B, oleoresin, volatile oil, fixed oil, ascorbic acid irritant, carminative, stimulant, condiment, rubefacient (depends on the pungency), arthritis and rheumatism, dyspepsia (condiment) C. ASPIDIUM Male Fern rhizome and roots of Dryopteris filix-mas/marginalis Polypodiaceae aspidinol, albaspidine, filicic acid; anthelmintic D. GINGER Zingiber/Luya rhizome of Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae (Jamaica, African, Cochin) volatile oil (aroma bisabolene, zingiberene, zingiberol), oleoresin [pungency gingerol (zingerone and shogaol)] flavor, carminative, antiseptic, rheumatism, sore throat and pharyngitis, condiment, aromatic stimulant, ginger ale manufacture E. CURCUMA Turmeric/Luyang Dilaw rhizome of Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae curcumin, turmerol, phellandrene flavor, carminative, antiseptic, condiment, preparation of curry powder (coloring agent) F. WHITE PINE inner bark of Pinus strobus Pinaceae tannic acid, oleoresin, mucilage, coniferin expectorant G. COPAIBA Balsam Copaiba oleoresin from species of Copaifera Fabaceae volatile oil, resin acids, bitter principle genitourinary disinfectant, diuretic, stimulant, expectorant, laxative

OLEORESINS homogenous mixtures of resins and volatile oils A. TURPENTINE Gum Thus/Gum Turpentine concrete oleoresin from Pinus palustris Pinaceae

PHARMACEUTIC RESINS Obtained by: extraction with alcohol and precipitation with water separation of oil from oleoresin by distillation

collection of natural product that has exuded as oleoresin from plant by natural or artificial punctures and has partially evaporated into the atmosphere

amyrin, volatile oil - phellandrene, dipentene irritant, counterirritant, antiseptic, arthritis and rheumatism, boils/abscesses/furuncles

A. ROSIN Colophony solid resin from Pinus palustris Pinaceae light amber (finest/water - white grade medicinal use) and almost black (dirty for destructive distillation and production of rosin oils anhydrides of abietic acid, sylvic acid, sapinic acid, pimaric acid stiffening agent, diuretic in veterinary medicine, manufacture of varnishes, varnish and paint dryers, printing inks, soaps, sealing wax B. PODOPHYLLUM Mayapple/Mandrake rhizome and roots pf Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae podophyllotoxin, ,-peltatins drastic purgative, antimitotic, caustic C. PODOPHYLLUM RESIN/PODOPHYLLIN powdered mixtures of resins highly irritating to the eyes and mucous membrane caustic, drastic purgative, hydragogue cathartic D. COLOCYNTH Bitter Apple/Bitter Gourd fruit of Citrullus colocynthis Cucurbitaceae citrullol, colocynthin, elaterins cathrtic, drastic purgative, hydragogue E. ERIODICTYON Yerba Santa leaf of Eriodictyon californicum Hydrophyllaceae eridictyol, xantho/ chryso/homoeriodictyol, eriodictyonic acid flavor to disguise bitter preparations, stimulating expectorant F. JALAP Convolvolina tuberous root of Exogonium(Ipomoea) purga Convolvulaceae convolvulin, ipurganol, jalapin; cathartic, hydragogue, drastic purgative G. IPOMOEA Orizaba Jalap/Mexican Scammony root from Ipomoea orizabensis Convolvulaceae orizabins, scammonins, jalapin, ipurganol, ipuranol cathartic, hydragogue H. MASTIC Resina Almaciga exudate from Pistacia lentiscus Anacardiaceae -resin (mastichic acid - soluble in alcohol), -resin (masticin insoluble in alcohol)), (+)-pinene pharmaceutic aid, dental varnish to seal cavities I. SAHING Elemi/Belis Pili-seed kernel-laxative/food(roasted) oleoresin from Canarium commune/luzonicum Burseraceae

J. KAVA Kava-kava rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum Piperaceae yangonin, kawain, methysticin skeletal muscle relaxant, antipyretic, local anesthetic preparation of intoxicating beverages K. CANNABIS Indian Hemp/Marihuana/Pot/Hashish flowering tops of the pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa Moraceae 1. drug type THC 2. hemp type - active principle, bast fibers for rope manufacture reefers cigarette form 9, 8 THC euphoric activity cannabinol-weakly active cannabichromene and cannabidiolic acid sedative cultivated for bast fibers (hemp) and fruits (hempseed- fixed oil) L. EUPHORBIA Gatas-gatas/Golandrina/Botobotonis leaves of Euphorbia pilulifera/hirta Euphorbiaceae acrid resin asthma (cigarette or burn), local hemostatic M. GUAIAC heartwood of Guaiacum officinale/sanctum Zygophyllaceae , -guaiaconic acids stimulant, diaphoretic, diagnostic aid, treatment of chronic rheumatic conditions N. KAMALA Banato/Rottlera/Darangdang leaves and seed of Mallotus philippinensis Euphorbiaceae rottlerin, mallotoxin, kamalin antifungal, anthelmintic,purgative

GUM-RESIN A. GAMBOGE Garcinia hanburyi (Guttiferae)

yellow emulsion with water; , , , - garcinolic acids (gambogic acids), watersoluble gum purgative, pigment OLEO-GUM-RESINS mixtures of resin, gum, volatile oil, small quantities of other substances A. MYRRH Gum Myrrh Commiphora molmol/abbysinica (Burseraceae) Africa/Somali (better) and Arabian/Yemen Myrrh embalming material of Egyptians, incense and perfume in religious ceremonies resin acids (, , -commiphoric acids), resenes, phenolic compounds protective, stimulant, stomachic, antiseptic, astringent (mouthwashes) B. ASAFOETIDA Devils Dung living rhizome and roots of Ferula foetida/assafoetida (Apiaceae) isobutylpropanyl disulfide, asaresinol ferulate, ferulic acid, (umbelliferone) carminative, expectorant, antispasmodic, laxative, Worcestershire Sauce. C. BALSAMS contain large proportions of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, or both, or esters of these acids LATEX A.

Levant storax pathological product resin alcohols

-storesin - amorphous and forms crystalline compound with potassium -storesin - white flakes and do not form a crystalline compound with potassium storesin cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate (styracin), phenylpropyl cinnamate, volatile oil, vanillin, cinnamic acid

B. Liquidambar styraciflua American storax storesins and other principles of Levant storax, volatile oil, cinnamic acid, cinnamein, resin esters and acids pharmaceutic aid for compound benzoin tincture, stimulant, expectorant, antiseptic C. Peruvian Balsam Peru Balsam Myroxylon pereirae (Fabaceae) pathological product cinnamein (benzyl cinnamate and benzyl benzoate), resin esters (peruresinotannol cinnamate and benzoate), vanillin, cinnamic acid, peruviol local protectant, rubefacient, parasiticide, antiseptic, vulnerary D. TOLU BALSAM
Myroxylon balsamum Fabaceae pathological product resin esters (toluresinotannol cinnamate and benzoate) volatile oil (benzyl benzoate, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, vanillin) pharmaceutic aid in compound benzoin tincture, expectorant, flavoring agent (confectionery, syrups, chewing gum), perfumery

B. C.

natural product of variable constitution with a milky consistency occurring in special plant tissues known as laticiferous vessels GUTTA-PERCHA milky exudate of species of Palaqium (gutta) and Payena Sapotaceae usually preserved under water (brittle) gutta alban + fluavil temporary dental restoration and permanent root canal CHICLE SAPODILLA GUM Achras zapota crude chicle chewing gum BALATA MIMUSOPS BALATA bubble gum

E.

F.

G. H.

BENZOIN Styrax benzoin/paralleloneurus (Sumatra benzoin) tonkinensis (Siam Benzoin) Styraceae pathological product (Almond Tears) SIAM BENZOIN concavo- convex tears/vanilla-like odor graded according to size and color coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, siaresinol, vanillin nlt 90% alcohol-soluble extractive perfumery COMPOUND BENZOIN TINCTURE topical protectant, expectorant (benzoin, aloe, storax, tolu balsam) SUMATRA BENZOIN
blocks or irregular masses composed of tears cinnamic and benzoic acids and their esters, vanillin, phenylpropyl cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate, phenylethylene nlt 75% alcohol-soluble extractive pharmaceutic preparations antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic

I.

BENZOIC ACID preservatives of food and drinks (sodium salt) antifungal *Whitfields ointment (benzoic and salicylic acids) athletes foot and ringworm]

STORAX A. LIQUID STORAX/STYRAX trunk of Liquidambar orientalis