CH 3 & 5 & 6 Vectors, Newton’s Laws, & Applications of Newton’s

Laws
Relevant
Subject Equations Relationships
Scalar Vector
•Vector is mathematical quantity with both magnitude
•A number and direction.
with units that •Magnitude=speed and direction = direction of
can be motion.
Scalars and positive, •A vector is defined by magnitude and direction
Vectors negative, or 0. always regardless of its location.
Graphically Components
•Split into x y
•To add vectors A and B, place the tail of B at components and then
the head of A. add.
Adding •The sum C= A + B is the vector extending •More accurate than
Vectors from the tail of A to the head of B. graphs.
•Negative of a vector is represented by an arrow of the same length as the
original vector but pointing in the opposite direction.

Subtracting
Vectors

•The x unit vector, x is a dimensionless vector of unit length pointing in the

positive x direction.
•The y unit vector, y is a dimensionless vector of unit length pointing in the
Unit positive y direction. rx+ry=scalar components rx+by = vector components.
Vectors
Position Velocity Acceleration
•Position vector •Vav=Δr/Δt
is denoted r. S.I.=m/s •Aav=Δv/Δt.
S.I.=m •Vav is parallel to Δ r. S.I.=m/s2
r=xy+yy. •V=lim(under Δ t = 0) Δr/Δt. •a=lim (under Δt-0) Δ v/Δ t
Position, •Displacement •Velocity vector always points •Acceleration vector always
Velocity, vector = Δr. in the direction of a particle points in one direction other
Acceleratio rf=ri+Δ r motion. than the direction of motion.
n Vectors
CH 3 Vectors

CH 5 Newton’s Laws

Relevant
Equation
Subject s Relationships
Newton's Laws
CH 3 & 5 & 6 Vectors, Newton’s Laws, & Applications of Newton’s
Laws
First (Law of
Inertia) Second (F=ma) Third (ActionReaction)
•An object at
rest stays at
rest as long as
no net force
acts on it.
•An object
moving with
constant
velocity •For every force that acts
continues to on an object, there is a
move as long reaction force acting in a
as •Acceleration is different object that is
no net force proportional to equal in magnitude and
acts on it. force. opposite in direction.
•IF net force •F=ma. •Contact forces: Action-
=0 then S.I.=N reaction force pairs
velocity is I N=1kg•m/s2 whenever objects are
constant. touching each other.

Weight Apparent Weight

•Weight of an object is •Weight in an elevator

the gravitational force when the upward force
exerted on it by the exerted on your feet by
Earth. the floor of the elevators
•W=mg changes, hence one
W=mg S.I=N feels weightless.
S.I.= N •In the x direction: •W=m(g-a)
W=mgsin W=mgsinΘ or
Θ or •in the y direction W=-
-mgcosΘ mgcosΘ
Weight W=m(g-a)

Normal Forces Perpendicular to the surface

CH 6 Applications of Newton’s Law

Subject Relevant Equations Relationships

Fricitonal fk=µkN
Forces
CH 3 & 5 & 6 Vectors, Newton’s Laws, & Applications of Newton’s
Laws
Kinetic Friction Static Friction
When surfaces slide
against one another
with finite speed. Typically stronger
Fk=µkN than kinetic friction.
Coefficient of kinetic 0 ≤ fs which ≤
friction µ=Fk/FN f ,
s max
Force of kinetic fs,max=µsN
friction between two 1)Independent of the
surfaces is area of contact
1.) proportional to between surfaces
the magnitude of 2) Parallel to the
normal force surface of contact
2.) Independent of and in the direction
the relative speed of that opposes relative
the surf motion

•At any point, tension depends on each

Hooke's Law: situation.
A spring stretched or compressed •A pulley simply changed the direction of the
Springs and by the amount x from its equilibrium tension in a string without changing its
Strings length exerts a force given by Fx=- magnitude.
kx

Ex. Ti-mg=0 •Net force -0 therefore acceleration is also = 0.

•Set all equations to 0 to solve for variables.

Translationa
l Equilibrium
Connected •The string forces of two boxes have the same
Objects acceleration.
•Treat each box as a separate system.
•Write at corresponding equation and try go
find variables.
CH 3 & 5 & 6 Vectors, Newton’s Laws, & Applications of Newton’s
Laws

•Two factors that affect circular motion are

direction and magnitude.

Direction Magnitude
Force of the ball is
directed toward the center Force must
of the circle have
magnitude

When the object's mass in the circle with

a radius, r, has constant speed, v,
acp=v2/r.
A force must be applied to the object to
give it circular motion.
Fcp=macp=2mv2/r.
Circular
Motion