Exercise 7.1-7.

3
ACID, BASES AND SALTS Date: …………...……
…

Section A

Ex 7.1 Ex 7.2 Ex 7.3

1 C 1 A 1 D
2 A 2 D 2 D
3 A 3 C 3 B
4 C 4 B 4 C
5 A 5 A 5 D
6 B 6 A 6 C
7 A 7 B 7 A
8 B 8 C 8 D
9 C 9 C 9 B
10 D 10 A 10 C
11 C 11 C 11 D
12 B 12 A 12 D
13 B 13 D 13 B
14 D 14 D 14 B
15 B 15 B
16 C

[Acids]

Section B

1 Some pills for headache consist of a drug to stop the pain, a powdered solid acid and a powdered
carbonate. The pills come sealed in a foil. When the pills are placed in water there is effervescence of
a gas which spreads the drug through the water. The liquid is then swallowed.

(a) Suggest suitable chemicals for the powdered solid acid and powdered carbonate.

powdered solid acid: HCl powdered carbonate: Sodium carbonate [2]

(b) Explain why does the reaction take place only in water?

It is because only in water would the acid release the H+ ion and hence behaves like an acid.
[1]

(c) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and a solution of carbonate
ions, CO32-.

H+ (aq) + CO32- (aq)  CO2 (g) + H2O (l) [1]

2 Acids may be classified as strong acid or weak acid.

(a) Sulfuricacid is an example of a strong acid.

(i) What do you understand by the term “strong acid”?
 Strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution to produce high
concentration of [H+] [2]

(ii) State 3 uses of sulfuric acid.

Manufacturing of fertilizers, detergents and as electrolyte in car batteries. [2]

(b) Name a weak acid. Ethanoic acid [1]

(c) Give the formula of the ion which is present in aqueous acid. : H+ ion [1]

3 Describe an experiment, other than measuring pH that you could carry out to distinguish between
ethanoic acid and nitric acid. State what measurements you would make and what results you would
expect.

Use simple conductivity tester:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown below:
(Connect the both solution of nitric acid and ethanoic acid to battery cells and bulbs)

Ethanoic
Nitric acid acid

2. The bulb which is connected to nitric acid would appear brighter as compared to the bulb
connected to ethanoic acid.

Reason:
nitric acid is stronger than ethanoic acid, therefore the degree of dissociation in
water will be higher as compared to ethanoic acid.
Hence, [free mobile ions] in nitric acid > ethanoic acid.
Thus, better electrical conductivity in nitric acid compared to ethanoic acid. [3]

[Bases & oxides]

Section B

1 (a) What is a base?

Base is metal oxide or metal hydroxide which includes ammonia [1]

(b) Give two examples of bases that are insoluble in water. CuO and Mg(OH)2 [2]

(c) Some bases are soluble in water.

(i) What is the name of these soluble bases? Alkali

(ii) Give two examples of soluble bases. …NaOH….. and ……KOH………

 (iii) Write the name and formula of the ions form when these bases dissolved into water.

Name: potassium / sodium ion and hydroxide ion formula: K+ /Na+ and OH- [5]

2 Complete the following word equation. Write the chemical equation and ionic equation for the
reactions.

(a) aqueous calcium hydroxide + dilute hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + water

Chemical equation: Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq)  CaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O(l) ……………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

Ionic equation: OH-(aq) + H+(aq)  H2O (aq)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

(b) aqueous sodium hydroxide + aqueous ammonium sulfate Sodium sulfate + ammonia + water

Chemical equation: 2NaOH(aq) + (NH4)2SO4 (aq)  NaSO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O (l) ……………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ionic equation: OH-(aq) + NH4+(aq) NH3 (g) + H2O(l)

……………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

(c) copper (II) hydroxide powder + dilute sulfuricacid  Copper sulfate + Water

Chemical equation: Cu(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ionic equation: Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2H+ (aq)  Cu2+ (aq) + 2H2O (l)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

3 This question is about oxides. Use the following oxides as answers.

Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Sulfur dioxide Aluminium oxide Zinc oxide
Copper (II) Silicon dioxide Nitrogen monoxide Magnesium oxide Nitrogen
oxide dioxide

Each oxide can be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Which oxide has a macromolecular structure? SiO2 [1]

(b) Which oxide is used to bleach wood pulp in the manufacture of paper? SO2 [1]

(c) Which oxide(s) is/are basic? MgO and CuO [1]

(d) Which oxide(s) is/are acidic? SiO2 , CO2, NO2,,SO2 [1]

(e) Which oxide(s) is/are amphoteric? Al2O3 and ZnO [1]

(f) Which oxide(s) is neutral? NO and CO [1]

 (g) Which oxide reacts with sulfuricacid to give a blue solution? CuO [1]

[Salts] Section B

1 The following passage describes the laboratory preparation of copper(II) sulfate crystals from aqueous
sulfuricacid and copper(II) hydroxide.

(a) Complete the passage by filling in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases.

A beaker of aqueous sulfuricacid was …………heated…………. gently. Spatulas of copper(II)

hydroxide was added continuously into the hot aqueous sulfuric acid until …………no more of

copper hydroxide can dissolves ( saturated )……………

The mixture was ………………filtered………. to remove the ………………excess copper

hydroxide powder…………………………………………...…………………. The ………

filtrate……… was heated until it was ……saturated……………… This may be tested by

inserting a …………cold dry glass rod…….. into the hot solution and cooling it in the air. If …

……crystals…… were formed on it, the hot solution was ……saturated……… The hot

solution was then left aside to ……cool………. upon which ……crystals…… would form in the

solution. The copper(II) sulfate crystals were recovered through ……filtration……………...…

They were either dried in air or between pieces of filter paper. [13]

(b) Explain why the copper(II) sulfate crystals must not be dried in the oven?

Water of crystallisation would be dried off ( anhydrous copper sulfate powder will be
formed) [1]

(c) Suggest another two substances which may be used in place of copper(II) hydroxide in the
preparation of copper(II) sulfate with aqueous sulfuric acid.
For each substance, write the chemical equation (with state symbols) for the reaction.

Copper Oxide & Copper Carbonates.

CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
CuCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) [2]

(d) A layer of white powdery solid coat on the surface of the blue copper(II) sulfate crystals after
sometime.
Explain this observation.
Some water of crystallisation may have been lost due to evaporation. Hence, white powdery
layer of anhydrous copper sulfate is formed on the surface of copper sulfate crystals. [2]

2 The salt barium carbonate is commonly used in rat poison. It is made by reacting barium nitrate with
another reagent.
 (a) Name a reagent which reacts with barium nitrate to make barium carbonate.
Ammonium carbonate / gp I metal carbonates. [1]

(b) Write the ionic equation, including state symbols, for the reaction in (a).

CO32-(aq) + Ba2+(aq)  BaCO3 (s) [2]

(c) Explain why barium oxide is not suitable for making barium carbonate directly?

BaCO3 is insoluble and hence not suitable for making insoluble barium carbonate directly. [2]
It is because BaCO3 layer will form on its surface and acts as a protective layer and prevent
further reaction with BaO. Hence yield would be low.
(d) Describe how you would obtain a pure, dry sample of the barium carbonate from the mixture in
(a).
Add ammonium carbonate to barium nitrate to form white ppt of barium carbonate.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Filter the mixture to separate the filtrate (ammonium nitrate) and the residue (barium
carbonate)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Wash the residue with de-ionized water to prevent contamination from any excess
ammonium nitrate. (Reason: The residue obtained is impure due to the presence of spectator ions
i.e. ammonium ion and nitrate ion).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

(e) A student was preparing barium carbonate with the same reagents. However, he obtained 105%
yield rather than the 100% theoretical yield.
Suggest a possible reason for this.

Not dried enough.……………………………………………………………………………… [1]

3 Potassium sulfate is a salt which can be prepared by reacting an acid with an alkali.

(a) Name an acid and an alkali which react to make potassium sulfate.

acid: sulfuric acid alkali: potassium hydroxide [2]

(b) What is the name for this type of reaction? Neutralization reaction
[1]

(c) Write the chemical equation and ionic equation with state symbols for the reaction.

Chemical equation: H2SO4 (aq) + 2KOH (aq)  K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
……………………………………………….………………………………………….. [2]

Ionic equation: H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O (l)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
 (d) The graph shows how the pH of the solution in the conical flask changes as the reaction proceeds.
14 7

(i) Which chemical is placed in the burette?

…potassium hydroxide………………. [1]
12
(ii) What volume of the chemical in (d)(i) is required for
6

complete reaction?
10 5
…6.8……………………. .[1]

(iii) Is the acid a strong or a weak acid?

8 4

Explain your answer.

pH Strong Acid. No buffer region/Equivalence point
6 3
happens at pH7. [2]

(iv) What should the pH of the solution used to make the

4 2

potassium sulfate crystals be?

7 ( Neutral salt ) [1]
2 1

0 0
0

2
1

4
2

6
3

8
4

10
5

12
6

volume / cm3

(e) An chemical indicator must be used for the preparation of potassium sulfate.

(i) What is a chemical indicator?

A substance that changes colour in acidic / alkaline condition………………………[1]

(ii) Why is adding a chemical indicator necessary for this reaction?

It is to determine the end point of the titration process………………………… [2]

(iii) Name a suitable chemical indicator for this reaction. State the colour of the chemical
indicator before and after the reaction.

Phenolphthalein: colorless to pink solution. [2]

Section C
1 Instructions for preparing hydrated crystals of zinc chloride are given below.

Add one spatula full of zinc carbonate to 50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid. When it has reacted, add
further amount until no more will dissolve. Then filter the mixture. Evaporate the filtrate to about half
its volume. Allow the filtrate to cool. Filter off the crystals. Dry them on filter paper. Do not heat the
crystals.

(a) Explain the importance of the five instructions which are underlined. [5]

(b) Name the gas evolved in this reaction and give a test for the gas. [2]
 (c) Write the equation with state symbols for the reaction. [2]

(d) State two observations which show the reaction has stopped. [2]

(e) State the pH of the filtrate. [1]

(a) until no more will dissolve : to ensure that all the hydrochloric acid has reacted.
filter the mixture : to remove the impurities ( zinc carbonate powder ). Remove excess
ZnCO3
about half its volume: to saturate zinc chloride solution by evaporating most of the water.
filtrate to cool: to allow crystallisation process to take place.
Do not heat the crystals.: water of crystallisation will be dried off/loss.

(b) Carbon dioxide. Limewater test

(c) ZnCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq)  ZnCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l)
(d) Cease of Effervescence. Excess Zinc carbonate.
(e) pH 7