Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INFRASTRUCTURE
PRE-SALE REPORT
Table of Contents:
RATING OUTLOOK BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION DETAILED RATING CONSIDERATIONS APPENDICES MOODYS RELATED RESEARCH 2 3 4 13 18
Analyst Contacts:
NEW YORK +1.212.553.1653
Laura Schumacher +1.212.553.3853 Vice President - Senior Credit Officer laura.schumacher@moodys.com +1.212.553.7226 Richard Donner Vice President - Senior Credit Officer richard.donner@moodys.com A.J. Sabatelle +1.212.553.4136 Senior Vice President angelo.sabatelle@moodys.com Chee Mee Hu +1.212.553.3665 Managing Director - Project Finance cheemee.hu@moodys.com
INFRASTRUCTURE
Additional support comes from MidAmericans commitment to contribute sufficient equity to complete the Project - up to the full amount of its currently estimated cost. Solar Stars initial Series A notes are expected to be approximately $700 million. MidAmericans equity commitment will equal the total budgeted cost of the Project of approximately $2.74 billion, minus the proceeds of the initial note offering. The equity commitment will be reduced by the amount of the second series of notes and any construction period cash flows that are applied to pay project costs. Financial projections are resilient to sensitivity testing. The anticipated final capital structure will be approximately 47% debt and 53% equity. Based on our projection assumptions, which include among other things a P-90 probability distribution for the solar resource, average cash flow coverage of debt service is over 1.40 times. Solar Stars base case projections, which include a P-50 probability distribution and 99% availability, result in an average debt service coverage of over 1.60 times.
Rating Outlook
The rating outlook is stable based on our assumption that the Project will be completed as planned on time and on budget, and that its operating and financial performance will be consistent with our base case expectations.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Organization Structure
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, LLC (Sponsor)
*
$700 million, Series A Senior Secured Notes $320 million LC Facility $575 million, Series B Senior Secured Notes anticipated 2014
SSC XIX, LLC (SS1 Project Company Owner) Solar Star California XIX, LLC (SS1 Company) SS1 Project
SSC XX, LLC (SS2 Project Company Owner) Solar Star California XX, LLC (SS2 Company) SS2 Project
* Sponsor holds indirect, full ownership of Issuer, through MidAmerican Renewables, LLC, MidAmerican Solar, LLC, and Solar Star Projects Holding, LLC (Holdings)
Solar Star intends to issue about $1.275 billion of senior secured notes in two series; the initial series is expected to be approximately $700 million, the second series of approximately $575 million notes is currently planned to be issued in 2014. MidAmericans equity commitment will equal the total budgeted cost of the Project of approximately $2.74 billion, minus the proceeds of the initial note offering. The equity commitment will be reduced by the amount of the second series of notes and any construction period cash flows that are applied to pay project costs.
INFRASTRUCTURE
TABLE 1
Bond Issuance - Series A Bond Issuance - Series B Total Funded Debt Pre-COD EBITDA Equity Total Equity Total Sources of Funds
Unfunded Sources
Total EPC Costs Other Development Costs Contingency Financing Fees Interest and LC Fees During Construction Total Uses of Funds
Unfunded Uses
Letter of Credit
$320.0
100.0%
PPA Development LCs PPA Performance LCs LGIA LCs Restoration LCs DSRA LC O&M LC
$320.0
100.0%
The financing structure includes a $320 million letter of credit facility that will be used for collateral posting and to provide debt service and operating reserves. The facility will rank pari-passu with the notes and have a term of construction plus seven years.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Total project debt will ultimately be sized to produce a minimum debt service coverage ratio of at least 1.40 times in a one year P-90 scenario; in addition, issuance of the Series B Notes will require a rating affirmation by all rating agencies then rating the debt. The balance of construction funds will come from MidAmericans equity commitment which will be reduced dollar for dollar by the amount of the proceeds of the note offerings and by project cash flow during construction that is applied to pay project costs. MidAmerican will also commit to contribute equity up to the remaining commitment amount, if necessary, to preserve debt service coverage ratios in the unexpected event that the full 579 MW project is not able to be completed and a debt pay-down is required. The final capital structure is currently expected to be comprised of about 47% debt and 53% equity. Equity will be funded during the later part of the construction process after utilization of the note proceeds; however, if there were to be an Event of Default permitting acceleration during construction, the lenders may request MidAmericans equity commitment be funded. In the event MidAmericans credit quality was to drop below investment grade (by two rating agencies), the company would be required to post cash collateral or a letter of credit for the remaining amount of its equity commitment. Moodys views this rating trigger as a negative to the transaction as a decline in credit quality to the trigger level could impact MidAmericans ability to obtain a letter of credit if required, but recognizes the low probability of this event occurring given the very stable earnings and cash flows across MidAmericans business platform along with the manageable three year expected timeframe for construction.
Long-Term, Fixed-Price Power Sales Agreement with an Investment Grade Off-Taker from a Strategic Renewable Asset
All of the Projects revenues will be generated in accordance with the terms of its PPAs with SCE. The contracts provide for the sale of electricity at a base price of approximately $80 per MWh in the first year, escalating at 2.5% thereafter; rates are adjusted for time-of-day which results in an average realized price approximately 30% greater than the base-price. During construction the Project will receive 75% of the first year values, or about $60 MWh. While these rates appear high when compared to current market prices for electricity, they seem competitive when compared to other, older renewable contracts and the Project provides SCE with an important source of renewable energy. California legislation requires the percentage of renewable resources that investor owned utilities must include in their deliver energy portfolio (renewable portfolio standards) to be 33% by 2020 with intermediate targets of 20% through 2015 and 25% by 2016. In 2012, SCE and the two other large investor owned utilities in California were each serving about 20% of their load via renewable resources. In addition, the percentage of such renewable power to be provided from resources directly connected to a California balancing authority must be 50% by December 2013, increasing to 65% in 2014 and 75% in 2017. As an in-state source of renewable power, Solar Star provides mutual benefits.
INFRASTRUCTURE
TABLE 2
Southern California Edison (SCE) Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) Weighted Average Compliance Period 2011-2013 Target Average Requirement
1 RPS-eligible renewable generation as % of total load served Source: California Public Utilities Commission
In our opinion, the market environment in California, a state that imports a substantial portion of its power, has difficult permitting requirements, has prohibitions on coal-fired generation and stringent RPS legislation, should make Solar Star a long-term strategic renewable electric generation asset for SCE.
INFRASTRUCTURE
In the case of Solar Star, the consultant provided estimates of various additional measurement uncertainties underlying in the probability distributions. The addition of these combined uncertainties was estimated to be equivalent to a haircut of about 2.4 % for the P-90 one-year case and 4.6% for the P-90 ten year projections. We have applied these additional haircuts to our projections so they may be more consistent with the approach taken at other recently rated solar projects where the measurement uncertainty was incorporated directly into the Pscenarios. We have also assumed availability factors that are modestly lower than the 99% expected by Solar Star.
CHART 2
Although the solar resource is variable, it is inherently less volatile than some other renewable resources such as wind; as a result, projections across a range of probability distributions tend to be more similar than those observed for wind projects. For example, the generation output in the adjusted one-year P90 case is approximately 93% of the P-50 case (7% below), while in the P-99 case the estimate is about 85% (15% below) the P-50. These bands are almost identical to those observed for MidAmericans Topaz Solar Farms transaction, and considerably more narrow than those observed for wind projects where, as summarized in Moodys publication Breezing Past P50 the P-90 scenario was on average 85% of the P-50 assumption (15% below), and the P-95 scenario was on average 80% (20% below) the P-50 assumption. Under the terms of the PPAs SS1 and SS2 are required to deliver an amount of power equal to a minimum of 85% of the Projects annual contracted quantity measured over 2-year rolling periods. As depicted on Chart 1, the minimum requirement is substantially below the one-year P-99 production estimate.
Generation (GWh)
INFRASTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
TABLE 3
Under the EPC agreements delay damages of $945 MW /day would be payable in the event substantial completion was delayed; this amount would be sufficient to offset estimated lost revenues of approximately $882 MW /day (based on a first year TOD revenue rate of $105 MWh and an assumed 35% capacity factor.) Prior to substantial completion, damages of $675 MW /day payable upon block delay would offset lost revenues that would be calculated at 75% of the first year rate. Substantial completion of the Project is expected to occur approximately eleven months prior to the expected PPA Commercial Operation deadline (34 months after initial synchronization) of October 1, 2016. The Project may extend the PPA Commercial Operation date for up to 200 days by paying 1% of the security amount, or a total of about $180,300 per day, if both SS1 and SS2 were delayed. In this scenario, if the entire 579 MWs were to be delayed beyond the Commercial Operation deadline (a highly unlikely scenario) we estimate the Project would have sufficient delay LD funds to cover about 80 days of PPA late payments before needing to access the posted security. SunPower Systems is currently also constructing the 250 MWAC California Valley Solar Ranch Project in San Louis Obispo and it is reported to be proceeding on-time and on-budget with a planned commercial operation date in December and approximately 235 MWAC installed as of the end of April. SunPower is about 65% owned by Total, a large French oil and gas company, Total is currently providing SunPower with intermediate term liquidity support as well as longer term operational support in the areas of research and development and business development. Solar Star is a key project for SunPower, with a contract size approximately equal to the companys 2012 revenue.
INFRASTRUCTURE
and repair of the electrical arrays. Under the terms of the agreement, SunPower Systems is paid $15 kW DC per year (escalating with inflation) beginning in 2015, SunPower Systems will also receive payments for maintenance according to a fixed schedule. The agreement is very broad in that it covers the Projects step-up transformers in addition to its module, wiring systems, trackers and inverters. Panel performance is covered by warranties specifying maximum annual degradation and system availability. The SunPower modules have a 25 year warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. In addition, SunPower has guaranteed that its panels will have a power output of a least 95% of the minimum peak power rating for the first five years of the warranty period, and decline by no more than 0.4% per year for the following 20 years. SunPower has also guaranteed that for 20 years following substantial completion of each facility, actual time-of-day adjusted generation will be no less than 97% of the expected energy for such period (as adjusted for weather). They also guarantee that the measured capacity of the facility shall not be less than 97% of the expected capacity (net of 0.4% annual degradation. Based on eight years of available data, SunPower reports its average availability experience operating utility-scale power projects at over 99%. In our analysis, we have assumed availability will be slightly lower, starting at 98.5%. Inverters are covered under the SunPower operations and maintenance agreements. SunPower has chosen to use a combination of SMA 750 kW and PowerOne 1.5 MW inverters, the companies are both dominant participants in the industry, producing inverters since 1990 and 2006 respectively.
10
INFRASTRUCTURE
11
INFRASTRUCTURE
TABLE 4
Sensitivity Results
Resilient coverage in tested downside cases
Moody's Base Case with Expense Inflation at 3%
Mgmt Case
Combined Case
Probability of Exceedance Availability (1st 10 Years) Availability (After Year 10) Degradation (1st 10 Years) Degradation (After Year 10) Curtailment - AVSP I (% of PPA Curtailment Cap) Curtailment - AVSP II (% of PPA Curtailment Cap) Production/ Forecast Uncertainty Haircut O&M Increase Inflation Min DSCR 10 Year Average DSCR Term Average DSCR Min FFO/Debt 10 Year Average FFO/Debt Term Average FFO/Debt
*True Breakeven occurs at project tail
12
INFRASTRUCTURE
Appendices
Project Location
The Project will be located in Californias Antelope Valley approximately 17 miles northwest of Lancaster and 55 miles north of Los Angeles. The site will cover about 4,030 acres of land in Kern and Los Angeles counties. Arrays for the two facilities will cover a total of around 1,500 acres. The site was previously used as farmland.
13
INFRASTRUCTURE
Project Participants
Equity Contribution Agreement EPC, O&M, and Performance Guarantee Independent Engineer
All contracts listed above except Equity Contribution Agreement have been entered into directly with Project Companies under Solar Star Funding, LLC. Equity Contribution Agreement will be entered into with Issuer and the Subsidiary Guarantors.
MidAmerican is a privately-owned holding company, founded in 1971 as CalEnergy and currently 89.85% owned by a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway. The company holds electrical and natural gas hard assets, including generation, transmission, storage and distribution, primarily through regulated utilities in the US and UK. The portfolio is also comprised of renewables including wind, solar, and geothermal in the US and a hydroelectric project in the Philippines. The companys 2012 revenue surpassed $11.5 billion, with wholly-owned subsidiary PacifiCorp accounting for 42.1% of revenue. Moodys calculates 2012 cash flows from operations as $4.6 billion. Solar Star is indirectly held by the Sponsor through MidAmerican Renewables, which has interests in 22 US-based independent renewable power projects. As of December 2012, the segment reported 1,552 MW of available net owned capacity and 1,155 MW of capacity under construction. For more information see the Moodys Company Profile on MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company published June 7th, 2013 as well as the most recent Credit Opinion which can be found on moodys.com.
Southern California Edison
SCE is an integrated regulated electric utility supplying electricity to nearly 14 million people in central, coastal and southern California. It is wholly-owned by Edison International (Baa2 stable). At year-end 2012, SCE's assets of around $44.0 billion represented about 99.2% of Edison International's consolidated assets. The utilitys generation resources include a variety of owned and contracted resources. As of December 31, 2012, SCEs owned renewable energy portfolio included 1,176 MW of hydroelectric capacity and 63 MW of solar capacity. SCE currently has 53 renewable energy contracts approved by the California Public Utilities Commission with expirations between 2013 and 2035 to help meet its Renewables Portfolio Standard targets.
14
INFRASTRUCTURE
SunPower
SunPower is an international solar energy solutions provider based in San Jose, CA. The company, founded in 1985, is the second largest US manufacturer of solar PV modules according to the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Centurys Renewables 2012 Global Status Report. SunPower develops, manufactures, installs and operates a range of products, leveraging patented photovoltaic (PV), monocrystalline silicon cell technology, which provides an industry-leading efficiency ratio. It is currently 65% owned by Total and has an approximate market cap of $2.3 billion. The company sells its suite of products across four continents. The company targets distributed solar customers (residential, large commercial, government and industrial) and utility scale projects through three regional business segments, offering unique products and services for each customer-type. SunPower markets itself as being the leading provider of residential solar solutions in the U.S. It is also one of few US-based companies that are actively developing large-scale utility projects. SunPower reports an accumulated 26 years of R&D research, with successive generations of solar panels leading to one of its current offerings, the E20 / 435 WDC monocrystalline silicon module, which will be used in the Solar Star project and demonstrates an efficiency ratio over 20%. The panel also provides higher reliability through the use of back-side electrical contacts and thick-plated copper conductors. The solar panels are a component of SunPowers integrated 1.5 MW Oasis System. The complete system block includes multiple panels mounted on a single-axis tracker, an inverter, and a step-up transformer. The SS1 Project and SS2 Project sites will host 212 and 186 Oasis systems, respectively. The entire system will be controlled by SunPowers supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software system. SunPower employs a global manufacturing process certified to the International Organization for Standardizations quality management and environmental management standards. Solar cells are manufactured in Malaysia and the Philippines. Modules are primarily manufactured in the Philippines and Mexico. SunPower provides module warranties guaranteeing 95% of stated capacity for the first five years and no more than 0.4% of degradation for the following 20 years. The independent engineers generally assume a 0.75% annual degradation rate for conventional crystalline silicon modules. They opine SunPowers degradation rate to be considerably lower than many other module manufacturers. Additionally, SunPower reports having only 0.0024% of modules returned for warranty claims. Currently, SunPower is completing construction of the 250 MW, California Valley Solar Ranch project in San Luis Obispo, California, on-time and on-budget. Solar Star is utilizing a tracker system that is based on the T0 tracker system at the California Valley Solar Ranch. SunPowers 2012 annual revenues surpassed $2.4 billion, though operating income was -$287 million. Operating cash flow approached $29 million, while funds from operations remained negative at -$58 million. Overall, the companys credit metrics remain in the low non-investment grade range. However, the company benefits from additional liquidity provided by its majority stakeholder, Total S.A.
15
INFRASTRUCTURE
Delay LDs
Delay liquidated damages are determined based on the block turnover schedule and substantial completion date. Block delay LDs are owed if a block does not meet its minimum capacity by its completion date and is calculated at $675 per MWAC per day. Substantial completion LDs for the aggregate Project equal to $945 per MWAC per day and are payable if substantial completion (defined to include the ability to generate at least 95% of guaranteed capacity)is delayed.
Capacity LDs
The contract specifies capacity LDs for completed blocks and the aggregate Project. Completed blocks are subject to minimum and guaranteed capacity requirements. Should a block meet the minimum capacity, but not the guaranteed capacity, capacity LDs are calculated at $675 per MWAC per day. For the aggregate Project, final capacity LDs are calculated as the product of the percentage shortfall of guaranteed capacity multiplied by the EPC contract price along with any capacity LD payments payable by the Project to SCE under the PPA. Should SS1 Project and SS2 Projects aggregate capacity surpass a 95% threshold, but still not achieve the guaranteed capacity, SunPower may attempt to cure the shortfall or pay performance LDs.
LD Caps
Delay and block capacity LDs in aggregate are limited to 15% of the EPC contract price. Facility capacity LDs are limited to 20%. Total LDs are limited to 25% of the contract, with cumulative maximum liability limited to 100% of contract price prior to COD and 35% afterwards.
Security
By financial close, SunPower will have posted $100 million in letters of credit supporting its obligations under the EPC agreements. This amount will increase to $200 million by January 1, 2014.
Performance Guarantees
Generation Guarantee
SunPower is providing a performance guarantee for 20 years assuring total time-of-day adjusted generation will not be less than 97% of the expected energy - taking into account uncontrollable, meteorological conditions. Should performance fail to meet the standard, LDs will be paid equal to the lesser of either the lost revenue relative to the Performance Guarantee Agreement or the generation deficit multiplied by the PPAs $/kWh rate.
16
INFRASTRUCTURE
Capacity Guarantee
Additionally, SunPower guarantees measured capacity will not be less than 97% of expected capacity accounting for 0.4% annual degradation for 20 years from substantial completion. Should measured capacity fall below the guarantee, SunPower can take corrective action or pay LDs equal to 50% of shortfall revenues since the prior date of compliance and 100% of anticipated revenues through the end of the quarter.
Module Warranty
SunPower also provides a module warranty against defects and meeting accurate design standards under the EPC agreement. Through the separate module performance guarantee, the company also warrants module power output achieving 95% of peak power rating for the first five years, a maximum of 0.4% annual degradation for the following 20 years, and output after 25 years achieving at least 87% of the modules initial minimum peak power rating. Inverters come with three to five year warranties.
17
INFRASTRUCTURE
Low Gas, Low Demand Growth to Keep Margins Suppressed in 2013 , February 2013 (149974) Renewable generation in the U.S: Sunny skies or storm clouds ahead? April 2011 (132140) PV Solar Power Generation Projects. June 2010 (125811) Breezing Past P50, September 2010 (127810) Renewable Energy Projects Not Immune from Endangered Species Protection Costs, March 2012 (140584) Power Generation Projects, December 2012 (147991) Global Manufacturing Industry, December 2010 (129387) Topaz Solar Farms, LLC, February 2012 (139706) Andromeda Finance S.r.l., October 2010 (127949) MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co., June 2013 (154895) MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co.
Special Comments:
Rating Methodologies:
Pre-Sale Reports:
18
INFRASTRUCTURE
2013 Moodys Investors Service, Inc. and/or its licensors and affiliates (collectively, MOODYS). All rights reserved. CREDIT RATINGS ISSUED BY MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MIS) AND ITS AFFILIATES ARE MOODYS CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES, AND CREDIT RATINGS AND RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS PUBLISHED BY MOODYS (MOODYS PUBLICATIONS) MAY INCLUDE MOODYS CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES. MOODYS DEFINES CREDIT RISK AS THE RISK THAT AN ENTITY MAY NOT MEET ITS CONTRACTUAL, FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS AS THEY COME DUE AND ANY ESTIMATED FINANCIAL LOSS IN THE EVENT OF DEFAULT. CREDIT RATINGS DO NOT ADDRESS ANY OTHER RISK, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: LIQUIDITY RISK, MARKET VALUE RISK, OR PRICE VOLATILITY. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODYS OPINIONS INCLUDED IN MOODYS PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT STATEMENTS OF CURRENT OR HISTORICAL FACT. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODYS PUBLICATIONS DO NOT CONSTITUTE OR PROVIDE INVESTMENT OR FINANCIAL ADVICE, AND CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODYS PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AND DO NOT PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS TO PURCHASE, SELL, OR HOLD PARTICULAR SECURITIES. NEITHER CREDIT RATINGS NOR MOODYS PUBLICATIONS COMMENT ON THE SUITABILITY OF AN INVESTMENT FOR ANY PARTICULAR INVESTOR. MOODYS ISSUES ITS CREDIT RATINGS AND PUBLISHES MOODYS PUBLICATIONS WITH THE EXPECTATION AND UNDERSTANDING THAT EACH INVESTOR WILL MAKE ITS OWN STUDY AND EVALUATION OF EACH SECURITY THAT IS UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR PURCHASE, HOLDING, OR SALE. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PROTECTED BY LAW, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, COPYRIGHT LAW, AND NONE OF SUCH INFORMATION MAY BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED, REPACKAGED, FURTHER TRANSMITTED, TRANSFERRED, DISSEMINATED, REDISTRIBUTED OR RESOLD, OR STORED FOR SUBSEQUENT USE FOR ANY SUCH PURPOSE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN ANY FORM OR MANNER OR BY ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODYS PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODYS from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind. MOODY'S adopts all necessary measures so that the information it uses in assigning a credit rating is of sufficient quality and from sources MOODY'S considers to be reliable including, when appropriate, independent third-party sources. However, MOODYS is not an auditor and cannot in every instance independently verify or validate information received in the rating process. Under no circumstances shall MOODYS have any liability to any person or entity for (a) any loss or damage in whole or in part caused by, resulting from, or relating to, any error (negligent or otherwise) or other circumstance or contingency within or outside the control of MOODYS or any of its directors, officers, employees or agents in connection with the procurement, collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, communication, publication or delivery of any such information, or (b) any direct, indirect, special, consequential, compensatory or incidental damages whatsoever (including without limitation, lost profits), even if MOODYS is advised in advance of the possibility of such damages, resulting from the use of or inability to use, any such information. The ratings, financial reporting analysis, projections, and other observations, if any, constituting part of the information contained herein are, and must be construed solely as, statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities. Each user of the information contained herein must make its own study and evaluation of each security it may consider purchasing, holding or selling. NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY SUCH RATING OR OTHER OPINION OR INFORMATION IS GIVEN OR MADE BY MOODYS IN ANY FORM OR MANNER WHATSOEVER. MIS, a wholly-owned credit rating agency subsidiary of Moodys Corporation (MCO), hereby discloses that most issuers of debt securities (including corporate and municipal bonds, debentures, notes and commercial paper) and preferred stock rated by MIS have, prior to assignment of any rating, agreed to pay to MIS for appraisal and rating services rendered by it fees ranging from $1,500 to approximately $2,500,000. MCO and MIS also maintain policies and procedures to address the independence of MISs ratings and rating processes. Information regarding certain affiliations that may exist between directors of MCO and rated entities, and between entities who hold ratings from MIS and have also publicly reported to the SEC an ownership interest in MCO of more than 5%, is posted annually at www.moodys.com under the heading Shareholder Relations Corporate Governance Director and Shareholder Affiliation Policy. For Australia only: Any publication into Australia of this document is pursuant to the Australian Financial Services License of MOODYS affiliate, Moodys Investors Service Pty Limited ABN 61 003 399 657AFSL 336969 and/or Moodys Analytics Australia Pty Ltd ABN 94 105 136 972 AFSL 383569 (as applicable). This document is intended to be provided only to wholesale clients within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001. By continuing to access this document from within Australia, you represent to MOODYS that you are, or are accessing the document as a representative of, a wholesale client and that neither you nor the entity you represent will directly or indirectly disseminate this document or its contents to retail clients within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001. MOODYS credit rating is an opinion as to the creditworthiness of a debt obligation of the issuer, not on the equity securities of the issuer or any form of security that is available to retail clients. It would be dangerous for retail clients to make any investment decision based on MOODYS credit rating. If in doubt you should contact your financial or other professional adviser.
19