Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) This print-out should have 21 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points The pressure on a gas at 68 C is doubled, but its volume is held constant. What will the nal temperature be in degrees Celsius? 1. 151.0 2. 123.0 3. 117.0 4. 161.0 5. 137.0 6. 185.0 7. 187.0 8. 127.0 9. 119.0 10. 177.0 Correct answer: 137 C. Explanation: P2 = 2 P1 T1 = 68 C + 273 = 205 K T2 = ? Applying the Gay-Lussac law, P1 P2 = T1 T2 P2 T1 2 P1 (205 K) T2 = = P1 P1 = 410 K = 137 C 002 10.0 points The same number of grams of NH3 and O2 are placed in separate bulbs of equal volume and temperature under conditions when both gases behave ideally. Which statement is true? 1. The pressure in the O2 bulb is greater than the pressure in the NH3 bulb. 2. Both bulbs contain the same number of moles of gas. 3. The bulb containing O2 contains more molecules of gas.

4. The pressures in the two bulbs are the same. 5. The pressure in the NH3 bulb is greater than the pressure in the O2 bulb. correct Explanation: The molecular weight of NH3 is less than that of O2 , so in equal masses there are more moles of NH3 than of O2 . At the same volume and temperature, the larger number of moles of NH3 would exert a higher pressure. 003 10.0 points Balance the equation C2 H6 + O2 CO2 + H2 O

using the smallest possible integers. The sum of the coecients is 1. 19. correct 2. 4. 3. 9. 4. 10. Explanation: A balanced equation must have the same number of each kind of atom on both sides of the equation. We nd the number of each kind of atom using equation coecients and composition stoichiometry. For example, we nd there are 4 C atoms on the reactant side: ? C atoms = 2 C2 H6 2C = 4C. 1 C2 H 6

The balanced equation is 2 C2 H6 + 7 O2 4 CO2 + 6 H2 O and has 4 C, 12 H, and 14 O atoms on each side. ? sum coecients = 2 + 7 + 4 + 6 = 19 004 10.0 points In the chemical reaction 2 H2 O + energy 2 H2 + O2

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) 1. twice as much O2 as H2 will be produced. 2. there is no way to know how much of each will be produced. 3. equal amounts of H2 and O2 will be produced. 4. twice as much H2 as O2 will be produced. correct Explanation: 005 10.0 points Consider the following reaction: CaCN2 + 3 H2 O CaCO3 + 2 NH3

? molH2 O = 78.0 g H2 O = 4.33 mol H2 O

1 mol H2 O 18.0152 g H2 O

Since the stoichiometric ratio CaCN2 to H2 O is 1 to 3, to react completely 1.31 mol CaCN2 we will require to use: 3 1.31 = 3.93 mol H2 O We calculated that we have 4.33 mol H2 O. Therefore water is in excess: 4.33 3.93 = 0.40 mol H2 O

105.0 g CaCN2 and 78.0 g H2 O are reacted. Assuming 100% eciency, which reactant is in excess and how much is leftover? The molar mass of CaCN2 is 80.11 g/mol. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.09 g/mol. 1. CaCN2 ; 7.20 g left over 2. H2 O; 10.7 g left over 3. H2 O; 7.20 g left over correct 4. H2 O; 70.8 g left over 5. CaCN2 ; 70.8 g left over 6. CaCN2 ; 10.7 g left over Explanation: CaCN2 + 3 H2 O CaCO3 + 2 NH3

? excess H2 O = 0.40 mol H2 O 18.0152 g H2 O 1 mol H2 O = 7.20 g H2 O

006

10.0 points

This question is merely a placeholder for the points in the hand-graded portion of the exam. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. yes CORRECT do I have a choice? without a doubt absolutely sure

Explanation: This question is merely a placeholder for the points in the hand-graded portion of the exam. 007 10.0 points Two gases are contained in gas bulbs connected by a valve. Gas A is present in a 36 L bulb at a pressure of 273 torr. Gas B exerts a pressure of 716 torr in a 84 L bulb. What is the partial pressure of gas B after they equilibrate once the valve has been opened?

According to the stoichiometry 1 mol of CaCN2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 O. First we calculate the moles of CaCN2 and of H2 O as shown below. ? mol CaCN2 = 105.0 g NaCN2 1 mol CaCN2 80.11 g CaCN2 = 1.31 mol CaCN2

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) 1. 728.0 2. 402.0 3. 566.0 4. 642.0 5. 558.0 6. 578.0 7. 550.0 8. 476.0 9. 847.0 10. 501.0 Correct answer: 501 torr. Explanation: VA = 36 L VB = 84 L Vtotal = VA + VB = 120 L PA = 273 torr PB = 716 torr

powerful experiment to gather evidence concerning the velocity distribution of a sample of gas particles. His experiment revealed that the velocities of gases: 1. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the molar mass of the gas, but not the temperature of the gas. 2. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the temperature of the gas, not the molar mass of the gas. 3. Are distributed in a characteristic manner across a range of temperatures that depends on the molar mass of the gas and the temperature of the gas. correct 4. Are distributed in the same characteristic manner for all gases, regardless of the temperature or molar mass, as long as the gas is behaving ideally. Explanation: . 010 10.0 points Consider two balloons lled with gas and arranged so that P , V , T are the same in both. The number of molecules in each balloon 1. could be dierent if the lling gases are dierent. 2. would be the same only if the lling gases are the same. 3. must be dierent. 4. must be the same. correct Explanation: P1 = P2 V1 = V2 PV P V = n R T, so R = nT Thus P1 V1 P2 V2 = n2 T2 n1 T1 T1 = T2

PB VB = Pt Vt PB VB Pt = Vt (716 torr) (84 L) = 501 torr = 120 L 008 10.0 points In an improved version of the gas law, V is replaced by (V n b). The two quantities n and b in this equation represent, respectively, the 1. number of molecules; excluded molecular volume. 2. number of moles; excluded molecular volume. correct 3. number of moles; molecular radius. 4. number of electrons; molecular radius. 5. number of moles; the container size. Explanation: n represents moles (as it does in P V = n R T ). b is the correction factor for volume because molecules really do take up space. 009 10.0 points Ludwig Boltzmann performed a simple, but

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) n1 P1 V1 T2 = =1 n2 P2 V2 T1 n1 = n2 011 10.0 points A steel tank containing helium is cooled to 15 C. If you could look into the tank and see the gas molecules, what would you observe? 1. The molecules would move to the center of the tank because their velocities would be lower, thus giving them less pressure. 2. The gas molecules would become uniformly distributed near the entire wall of the tank because the molecules would try to escape the container due to their kinetic energies. 3. The molecules would sink to the bottom of the tank because of the loss of pressure. 4. The gas molecules would still be uniformly distributed around the tank because gases expand to ll up the whole volume due to their constant molecular motion. correct 5. The gas molecules would have higher kinetic energies and lower velocities, thus creating no net change. Explanation: The average kinetic molecular energy would decrease, but since it is still in gas phase, the molecules would still expand uniformly to ll the tank. 012 10.0 points A gas sample occupies 3.59 L at 8.0 C. What is the pressure given that there are 1.63 mol of gas in the sample? 1. 10.6448 2. 6.05624 3. 6.77834 4. 4.10406 5. 4.42826 6. 3.72675 7. 8.83326 8. 5.30303 9. 4.9661 10. 10.4747 Correct answer: 10.4747 atm. Explanation: n = 1.63 mol T = 8.0 C + 273 = 281 K P =

V = 3.59 L P =?

nRT V Latm (1.63 mol) 0.0821 mol K (281 K) = 3.59 L = 10.4747 atm

013 10.0 points The root mean square speed of nitrogen molecules in air at 20 C is 511 m/s in a certain container. If the gas is allowed to expand to twice its original volume, the root mean square velocity of nitrogen molecules drops to 325 m/s. Calculate the temperature after the gas has expanded. 1. 261 C 2. 347 C 3. 347 C 4. 154 C 5. 261 C 6. 45.1 C 7. 154 C correct Explanation: T1 = 20 C + 273.15 = 293.15 K vT2 = 325 m/s vT1 = 511 m/s From kinetic molecular theory, temperature is directly proportional to mean KE. 1 KEmean = (MW)(average molecular speed)2 2 and knowing MW is constant (its the same 2 gas), T vrms and T1 vT1 = vT2 T2 8. 45.1 C

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) vT2 T2 = T1 = vT2 = 118.581 K ,

2

325 m/s 511 m/s

(293.15 K)

015 10.0 points Real gases behave most nearly like ideal gases at 1. low temperatures and low pressures.

so the nal temperature is 118.581 K 273.15 = 154.569 C .

2. high temperatures and low pressures. correct 3. high pressures and low molar masses. 4. high temperatures and high pressures. 5. low temperatures and high pressures. Explanation: At high temperatures the gas molecules are moving more rapidly and the eects of the attractive forces are less signicant. At low pressures the molecules are on average much further apart and the eects of the attractive forces are less signicant because there are fewer close encounters.

014 10.0 points If 250 mL of a gas at STP weighs 2 g, what is the molar mass of the gas? 1. 28.0 g mol 2. 8.00 g mol 3. 56.0 g mol
1 1 1

4. 44.8 g mol1 5. 179 g mol1 correct Explanation: V = 250 mL T = 0 C = 273.15 K The density of the sample is = P = 1 atm m=2g

m 2g = = 8 g /L V 0.25 L

016 10.0 points Calculate the number of carbon atoms in 4.56 grams of ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH). 1. 5.97 1022 atoms 2. 5.49 1024 atoms 3. 1.19 1023 atoms correct 4. 2.53 1026 atoms 5. 1.79 1023 atoms Explanation: mCH3 CH2 OH = 4.56 g Each CH3 CH2 OH molecule contains two carbon atoms. There are Avogadros number of ethanol molecules in one mole of ethanol. We need the molecular mass of ethanol so we can convert grams of ethanol to moles ethanol: Molecular mass of CH3 CH2 OH = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) +1(16.00 g/mol) = 46.08 g/mol

The ideal gas law is P V = nRT P n = V RT with unit of measure mol/L on each side. Multiplying each by molar mass (MM) gives n P MM = MM = , V RT with units of g/L. RT P (8 g/L)(0.08206 L atm/mol/K) = 1 atm (273.15 K) = 179.318 g/mol

MM =

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) We can use this molecular mass to convert g ethanol to mol ethanol: ? mol ethanol = 4.56 g CH3 CH2 OH 1 mol CH3 CH2 OH 46.08 g CH3 CH2 OH = 0.09896 mol CH3 CH2 OH We can now use Avogadros number and the ratio of C atoms to CH3 CH2 OH molecules to nd the number of carbon atoms: ? atoms C = 0.09896 mol CH3 CH2 OH 6.022 1023 molec CH3 CH2 OH 1 mol CH3 CH2 OH 2 atoms C 1 molec CH3 CH2 OH = 1.192 1023 atoms C 017 For the reaction 10.0 points

018 10.0 points If the average speed of a carbon dioxide molecule is 410 m s1 at 25 C, what is the average speed of a molecule of methane at the same temperature? 1. 679 m s1 correct 2. 410 m s1 3. 247 m s1 4. 1130 m s1 Explanation: From kinetic molecular theory, the temperature is directly proportional to mean KE. 1 KEmean = (MW)(average molecular speed)2 2 and knowing T is constant, vCO2 = vCH4 MWCH4 MWCO2 MWCO2 MWCH4 44.0098 g/mol 16.0426 g/mol 5. 1000 m s1

2 NH3 + CH3 OH products , how much CH3 OH is needed to react with 93.5 g of NH3 ? 1. 46.8 mol 2. 2.75 mol correct 3. 5.50 mol 4. 11.3 mol

vCO2 = vCH4

= (410 m/s) = 679.08 m/s 019

10.0 points

5. 88.1 mol 6. 1.31 mol 7. 3.32 mol Explanation: mNH3 = 93.5 g ? mol CH3 OH = 93.5 g NH3 1 mol NH3 17 g NH3 1 mol CH3OH 2 mol NH3 = 2.75 mol CH3OH

Isoamyl acetate (C7 H14 O2 ) is a chemical compound that has a strong odor similar to bananas. At room temperature, the rms velocity of a isoamyl acetate molecule in the gas phase is approximately 240 m s1 . About how long will it take an isoamyl acetate molecule to diuse 24 m across a room lled with air at SATP? 1. About 0.1 second, since it is traveling 240 m s1 . 2. The molecule will never diuse across the room because it is too large.

Version 398 UNIT 1 EXAM vandenbout (51335) 3. Faster than 0.1 second, since 240 m s1 is the rms velocity which is not the same as the average velocity. 4. Much longer than 0.1 second, because the molecule will have many collisions with other gas molecules. CORRECT Explanation: Because the isoamyl acetate will undergo many (too many too count) collisions it will take much much much longer than 0.1 second to diuse 24 m. The answer could only be 0.1 seconds if the molecule had no collisions with other gas molecules. It is true that the rms velocity is not the average. It is also true that there is a distribution of velocities and some molecules will be moving faster. However, they will also undergo many many collisions causing them to take much more than 0.1 s to move 24 m. 020 10.0 points Use van der Waals equation to calculate the pressure exerted by 1.25 mol of ammonia at 0.1 C in a 1.54 L container. The van der Waals constants for ammonia are a = 4.00 L2 atm/mol2 and b = 0.0400 L/mol. (The values for a and b have been rounded o to simplify the arithmetic.) 1. 8.08102 atm 2. 32.3241 atm 3. 21.5494 atm 4. 16.162 atm correct 5. 12.1215 atm Explanation: n = 1.25 mol V = 1.54 L b = 0.04 L/mol P+ n2 a V2 T = 0.1 C = 272.9 K a = 4.0 L2 atm/mol2 ( V n b) = n R T (1.25 mol) 0.08206

L atm (272.9 K) mol K = 1.54 L (1.25 mol)(0.04 L/mol) (1.25 mol)2 (4.0 L2 atm/mol2 ) (1.54 L)2 = 16.162 atm 021 10.0 points A mixture of three gases, A, B, and C, is at a total pressure of 6.2 atm. The partial pressure of gas A is 1.63 atm; that of gas B is 3.78 atm. What is the partial pressure of gas C? 1. 1.43 2. 2.24 3. 2.09 4. 1.4 5. 1.91 6. 0.79 7. 1.97 8. 0.85 9. 2.59 10. 1.17 Correct answer: 0.79 atm. Explanation: PT = 6.2 atm PA = 1.63 atm PB = 3.78 atm PC = ?

PT = PA + PB + PC PC = PT ( PA + PB ) = 6.2 atm (1.63 atm + 3.78 atm) = 0.79 atm

P =

nRT n2 a 2 V nb V