CHAPTER 8 : GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 : Generation of Electricity : Transformer : System for Transmission & Distribution of Electricity : Electrical Supply & Wiring System at Home : Cost of Using Electrical Energy : Functions of a Fuse & Earth Wire : Safety Precautions in Using Electricity : Conserving Electricity

8.1 : Generation of Electrical Energy

Principle of Dynamo
Dynamo : Produces electrical energy Consists of a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field When the coil of wire is spun, it cuts the magnetic field lines & electrical energy is generated in the coil The electrical energy in the coil is transmitted for use (lighting/heating)

8.1 : Generation of Electrical Energy

Principle of Dynamo
Energy change : Kinetic energy Electrical energy Every power station has a large dynamo/generator to produce electrical energy Types of generator :

Thermal generator Hydroelectric generator Gas turbine generator Diesel generator Nuclear generator

8.2 : Transformer
Function & Structure of a Transformer
Transformer : Device used to step up or step down the voltage of an alternating current Consists of laminated soft iron plates with two coils of insulated wire wound round them Coil of wire which carries the input alternating current is called primary coil Coil of wire which carries the output alternating current is called secondary coil

8.2 : Transformer
Function & Structure of a Transformer
When an STEP-UP TRANSFORMER alternating current flows into the primary coil, a magnetic field is set up around the iron core this induces an alternating current in the secondary coil Laminated soft iron plates are used to reduce the loss of energy in the form of heat in the core STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER

8.2 : Transformer
Function & Structure of a Transformer
Relationship between the voltage and the number of turns of wire in the coils is given by the equation shown. Primary Input Voltage Number of turns in (Vp) primary (Np) = Secondary Output Number of turns in Voltage (Vs) secondary (Ns)

Vp Vs

Np Ns

8.2 : Transformer
Function & Structure of a Transformer
A transformer has 100 turns of wire in the primary coil and 200 turns in the secondary coil. What is the output voltage if the voltage supplied to the primary coil is 10V?