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Hazel O. Arceo
Philippines Philippines
CHINA
Fast Facts:
Composed of 7,107 islands Total area: 300,000 km2
LUZON
Manila
VISAYAS
Cebu
Tracks of tropical cyclones that entered the PAR during the period period 19481948-2005 (1128 tropical cyclones)
Marine Biodiversity
Coral Reefs
North Philippine Sea
25,819 km2 (Burke et al. 2002) 464 coral species (Licuanan & Capili
2003; Veron & Fenner 2002)
LUZON
South China Sea
915 reef fish species (Hilomen et al. 2000) [>3,000 fish species (FishBase 2007) ]
Visayan Seas
VISAYAS
South Philippine Sea Sulu Sea
Algae - 820 species (Trono 1999) Seagrass - 16 species (Fortes & Santos
2004)
MINDANAO
Celebes Sea
Philippine MPAs
Hottest of the marine biodiversity hotspots in the world (Roberts et al. 2002) Over 1,000 existing MPAs in the country (Arceo et al. 2008) Only about 25-30% are effectively managed
The Effects of Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg) on Milkfish (Chanos chanos), Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) and Horn Shell (Rhinoclavis sp.)
Department of Biology - Marine Biology Section University of San Carlos, Cebu City
Patterns and Role of Recruitment on the Community Dynamics of Reef Fishes in the Philippines
Marine Science Institute University of the Philippines - Diliman
2.
22.0
STUDY AREAS:
Aparri (3)
21.0
20.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
Latitude (N)
13.0
North Palawan (7) El Nido (20) San Vicente (9) Cordova (10) Honda Bay (17) Puerto Princesa Bay (17) Zamboanga (2) Danjugan (35) Talibon (7) Calape (10) Loon (10) Sibulan (8)
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
SULU SEA
7.0
6.0
Kiamba (8)
5.0
CELEBES SEA
4.0 115.0
116.0
117.0
118.0
119.0
120.0
121.0
122.0
123.0
124.0
125.0
126.0
127.0
128.0
Longitude (E)
Species Richness
no. of species/100m2 20 15 10 5 0 SCS (n=83) NP (n=40) VIS (n=54)
SS (n=32)
CEL (n=22)
Danjugan
Honda Bay
PPC Bay
Zamboanga
Ragay
Talibon
Loon
Calape
Calauag
Lagonoy
Dinalungan
Baler
Casiguran
Aparri
Kiamba
Tabina
Tukuran
Acanthuridae Anthiinae
Labridae Scaridae
Plotosidae Pomacentridae
Other Families
Species Richness
One-way ANOVA
20
**p<0.001
**p<0.001
18
18
16
16
14
14
12
12
10
10
Species Richness
One-way ANOVA)) (*p<0.05, One
North Wall (NW) Bamboo Bridge (BB) Danjugan West 2 (DW2) Danjugan West 1 (DW1)
Temporal Patterns
no. of species/100m2
LEGEND:
Abundance Species Richness
no. of species/100m2
no. of species/100m2
no. of individuals/100m2
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Jan-02
Sep-02
Jan-03
no. of species/100m2
no. of individuals/100m2
BALINGASAY
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
DANJUGAN
1600 no. of individuals/100m2 1200 800 400 0 Sep-01 Apr-02 no data Mar-03 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Jan-02
Sep-02
Jan-03
25 20 15 10 5 0
no. of species/100m2
no. of individuals/100m2
200
MASINLOC
30
0.00 0.19 0.20 0.39 0.40 0.69 0.70 0.89 0.90 1.00
Biomass significantly higher inside than outside the MPA (NE data set, KruskalWallis ANOVA, p<0.05).
Protection effect Choice of sites during MPA establishment Fish feeding activities inside the MPA
Project Involvements
Participatory Evaluation of the Effectiveness of MPAs in Maintaining Reef Functional Biodiversity (1997(1997-2003)
22.0 21.0 20.0 19.0 18.0
17.0
Bol ina o (2 3)
16.0
15.0
PHILIPPINE SEA
14.0
13.0
11.0
Sa n Vi c ent e (9)
10.0
S a lc e d o
C al ape (1 0) Lo on (1 0)
9.0
S ibul an (8)
8.0
SULU SEA
7.0
6.0
Ki am ba (8 )
5.0
CELEBES SEA
4.0 115 .0
116.0
1 17.0
118. 0
119.0
12 0.0
121. 0
122.0
123. 0
124.0
1 25.0
126. 0
127.0
128 .0
An evaluation of the coral reef benthic assemblages suggests that that exacerbated combined effects of human and natural induced disturbances dictate their recovery and/or denouement;
Changes in major benthic attributes, before, 2-6 months after and a year after the coral bleaching event
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
MEAN % COVER
a a b a ab b b a b b b ab a
a b
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
MEAN % COVER
MEAN % COVER
a a b ab a b ab a a b b ab ab b
HC
SC
DC
DCA
AA
OT
Project Involvements
ShortShort-range effects
Latitude (N)
17.0
Anda
16.0
Spillover effect (FVC, fish tagging & tracking, fecundity, fisheries monitoring)
15.0 14.0 13.0 12.0
PHILIPPINE SEA
Tw i n Rock s
MediumMedium-range effects
Ichthyoplankton surveys (fish larvae and eggs) Oceanographic studies
11.0
Guim a ra s
10.0
Da nj uga n
9.0
8.0
SULU SEA
Z a m boa nga
7.0
LongLong-range effects
Genetic studies
6.0
5.0
CELEBES SEA
4.0 115 .0
116.0
1 17.0
118. 0
119.0
12 0.0
121. 0
Project by: 122.0 123. 0funded 124.0 1 25.0 126. DA-BAR 0 127.0 128 .0
422 tagged inside reserves 34 recaptured = 8.1% recapture rate 8 of 34 tagged inside caught outside (23.5%) 108 tagged outside reserves 10/108 = 9.3% recapture rate All caught outside Reef fish sedentary Evidence of crossing boundaries Spillover ? Flux rates of crossing over? 1o
10.80
PANAY
22 21
10.60
19
20 23
Guimaras
18
17
10.40
16
15
14
13
24
12
11
10.20
9
10
10.00
>100 100 50 10
6
7 5
NEGROS
122.60 122.80
9.80 121.80
122.00
122.20
122.40
Project Involvements
Sulu Sea
Map from Ong et al. 2000 with marine biogeographic regions (Alino and Gomez 1994)
Celebes Sea
Thesis (2009(2009-present)
Spillover
MAIN OBJECTIVES:
1.
To determine the effect of protection on fish recruitment, particularly on density and mortality of recruits; and, To investigate densitydensity-dependent exportation of fish to adjacent areas outside of the MPAs, specifically:
a. b.
2.
the movement of adults (spillover (spillover) spillover) the potential export of reproductive propagules
METHODOLOGY
Cap Roux MPA (Saint Rapha Raphal)
No-take zone 450 hectares extending up to the 80-meter isobath Established in Dec 2003 by the Prudhomie de Peche Initially closed for a 4-year period but was extended to 6 years in Jan 2008 Managed by the city of Saint Raphal
METHODOLOGY
A.
METHODOLOGY
A.
Full cage
Inside Reserve
Open setset-up
Outside Reserve
Partial cage
= Mortality rate
Serranus scriba
Serranus cabrilla
Serranus hepatus
Pagrus pagrus
Pagellus bogaraveo
Symphodus sp.
Symphodus roissalli
Pagellus bogaraveo
Pagellus erythrinus
GENERAL METHODOLOGY
B.
2.
3.
Maraming Salamat!
(Merci beaucoup!)