862-02701 HDR5 System Manual Issue 4

HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series
System Manual
Issue 4
HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series System Manual

Publication Number : 862-02701


862-02701 Preliminary Pages
HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual
HDR5 Series System Manual
Publication Number: 862-02701
Issue 4 October 2009
Tellumat (Pty) Limited Reg. No. 96/00957/07 64/74 White Road, Retreat, 7945 P.O. Box 30451, Tokai, 7966 Telephone: +27 21 710-2911 Fax No. +27 21 710-2333 E-Mail: highreach@tellumat.com
Issue 4 (October 2009)
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Preliminary Pages
Document Issue Status

When an issue status of this manual changes, the record below must be completed. Chapter No. Preliminary Pages Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Issue 4 5-11501 Issue Status Authority (ECN No.)
2009 Tellumat (Pty) Limited

The information contained herein is the property of Tellumat (Pty) Limited and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part may be reproduced, used or disclosed except as authorised by contract or other written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction on reproduction, use and disclosure extend to all media in which this information may be embodied, including magnetic or electronic storage etc.
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HighReach (HDR5 Series) - System Manual
List of Contents
The HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual is divided into the following seven chapters. A full detailed list of contents is provided on the first page of each chapter.
Chapter 1: Purpose and Planning Information

This chapter provides management and planning staff with the information required to assess the suitability and logistic requirements of the HighReach HDR5 System.
Chapter 2: Installation
This chapter provides the installation personnel with the information required to install the HighReach HDR5 System.
Chapter 3: Fault Diagnosis

This chapter provides the technical personnel with the information necessary to diagnose and repair a fault on the HighReach HDR5 System.
Chapter 4: Routine and Scheduled Maintenance

This chapter provides the information required by the maintenance personnel to schedule maintenance visits and to ensure the minimum down time for the HighReach HDR5 System, during maintenance visits.
Chapter 5: Functional Description

This chapter provides the service technician with an understanding of the operation of the HighReach HDR5 System. It provides a functional description of the System as well as the modules comprising the IDU (Indoor Unit) and ODU (Outdoor Unit).
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Preliminary Pages
Chapter 6: HDR5 Series Parts Lists

This chapter lists part numbers for the ordering of HDR5 links. It also lists the part numbers of the individual units making up the system and identifies all user replaceable modules comprising the HDR5 IDU (Indoor Unit).
Chapter 7: Management Tools

This chapter provides information about the HDR5 configuration tool, element and network management tools.
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Introduction to HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual

The HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual provides the reader with the information required to understand the functions of the system. It also describes how to install the system, and provides first line maintenance information (routine and scheduled) so that the system operates to its maximum effect.
Conventions used in this Manual
Bold Lettering
Bold lettering is used in-text to emphasise the word, phrase or sentence.
Italic Lettering
Italic lettering is used when the reader is referred to text under a different heading in the manual. For example, refer to Conventions used in this Manual.
Note to Reader
RFS SlimLine and RFS CompactLine are trademarks of the RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) group of companies.
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Preliminary Pages
List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation AD A/R AC AGC AIS AS ASK BER BIS CRC CTS DC DCE DE-QPSK Description Analogue to Digital As Required Alternating Current Automatic Gain Control Alarm Indicator Signal Available Seconds Amplitude Shift Keying Bit Error Rate Bringing into Service Cyclic Redundancy Check Clear to Send Direct Current Data Communication Equipment Differentially Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Degraded Minutes Digital Radio Link Digital Radio Station Data Set Ready Digital Transmission Analyser Data Terminal Equipment Data Terminal Ready Digital Voltmeter Engineering Order Wire Errored Seconds European telecommunications Standard Institute Forward Error Correction Field Programmable Gate Array Field Replaceable Unit I&C I/F I/O IF IFM IDU ITU Abbreviation HDR Description HighReach Digital Radio Interface and Control Interface Input/Output Intermediate Frequency IF Module Indoor Unit International Telecommunication Union Internet Protocol kilo bits per second Local Area Network Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Low Noise Amplifier Local Oscillator Line Replaceable Unit Media Access Control Maximum Mega bits per second Management Information Base Minimum Mast Mounting Gear Mast Mounting Kit Mini-Link Network Manager Multiplexer Normally Closed Normally Open Network Management Channel Network Management System Network Management Terminal Non Return to Zero Issue 4 (October 2009)
IP kbit/s LAN LCD LED LNA LO LRU MAC Max Mbit/s MIB Min MMG MMK MNM MUX N.C. N.O. NMC NMS NMT NRZ
DHCP DM DRL DRS DSR DTA DTE DTR DVM EOW ES ETSI
FEC FPGA FRU vi
Abbreviation NTP O&M ODU PC PCM PLL PRBS PSU QAM QPSK RAIS RAM REBE RF RFS ROM RSL RSSI RTS RX SDH SES SNMP SNR SRU TBA TCXO TDM TNM TTL
Description Network Time Protocol Operations and Maintenance Outdoor Unit Personal Computer Pulse Code Modulation Phase Locked Loop Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Power Supply Unit Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Remote Alarm Indicator Signal Random Access Memory Remote End Block Error Radio Frequency Radio Frequency Systems (company) Read Only Memory Received Signal Level Receive Signal Strength Indication Request to Send Receive Synchronous Digital Heirarchy Severely Errored Seconds Simple Network Management Protocol Signal to Noise Ratio Shop Replaceable Unit To be Advised Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator Time Division Multiplex Transmission Network Management Transistor Transistor Logic
Abbreviation TUG TX TXR UAS USB VCI VoIP VVA WAN P
Description Tributary User Group Transmit Transceiver Un-available Seconds Universal Serial Bus Vapour Corrosion Inhibitor Voice over Internet Protocol Voltage Variable Attenuator Wide Area Network Microprocessor
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Preliminary Pages
Safety Summary
The following are general safety precautions and instructions which you must understand and apply during operation and maintenance to ensure personal safety, health and the protection of the equipment. Portions of this section will be repeated elsewhere in this publication for emphasis.
Keep Away From Live Circuits

Operating personnel must think safety at all times. Do not replace components or make adjustments inside equipment with the electrical supply turned on. Under certain conditions, danger may exist even when the power control is in the off position due to charges retained by capacitors. To avoid injuries always remove power from, discharge and ground a circuit before touching it.
Electrostatic Discharge
Certain circuit card assemblies and their components will be damaged by seemingly undetectable electrostatic discharge. Care must be exercised during handling and/or repair of these items.
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Warning and Caution Statements

Warning and Cautions have been placed throughout the text prior to maintenance procedures, practices or conditions considered essential to the protection of personnel (Warning) or equipment (Caution). A Warning, in this particular application, draws the attention of the reader to the fact that potentially lethal voltages are present in the equipment and care must be exercised when handling. A Warning is shown as follows:
A Caution draws the attention of the reader to the fact that damage to equipment may result if procedures are not followed correctly. A Caution is shown as follows:
A Warning or Caution will apply each time the related step is repeated. Prior to starting any task, the Warning(s) or Caution(s) included in the text for that task should be reviewed and understood.
Warnings
WARNING WHEN POWERED UP, THE ODU EMITS MICROWAVE RADIATION. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY INTO THE WAVE GUIDE PORT AS DAMAGE TO SENSITIVE BODY TISSUE CAN RESULT. WARNING HIGH DC VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE IDU, EG. 57 VDC.
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Preliminary Pages
Cautions
CAUTION THE MAST AND THE EQUIPMENT ROOM, WHICH HOUSES THE INDOOR UNIT, MUST BE EARTHED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION ACCORDING TO STANDARD LOCAL PRACTICES.
CAUTIONS ENSURE THAT THE POWER SUPPLY IS SWITCHED OFF (FROM IDU) WHEN REMOVING OR REPLACING ODU. OBSERVE ALL PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INSTALLATION ON A MAST OR OTHER EXPOSED ENVIRONMENTS.
CAUTION FOR MAXIMUM RELIABILITY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SEAL, ENSURE THAT THE O-RING IS CLEAN AND UNDAMAGED. CAUTIONS ENSURE THAT THE POWER SUPPLY IS DISCONNECTED BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING IDU MODULES. OBSERVE THE POLARITY OF THE INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE. CAUTIONS DO NOT EXCEED THE RECOMMENDED BENDING RADIUS OF THE CABLE, IE. LMR400 TYPE CABLE = 25mm AND LMR600 TYPE CABLE = 38mm. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN THE CABLE STRAPS ON THE CABLE AND DO NOT FASTEN THE ACTUAL STRAP LOCKING MECHANISM OF THE CABLE STRAP ONTO THE CABLE.
CAUTIONS IF THE IDU/ODU CABLE IS INSTALLED, CHECK THAT THE IDU POWER SUPPLY IS SWITCHED OFF BEFORE ASCENDING THE MAST. ONLY THE COMPLETE ODU IS FIELD REPLACEABLE. ODU MODULES MUST BE REPLACED IN A CERTIFIED WORKSHOP ENVIRONMENT.
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862-02701 Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Purpose and Planning Information
Table of Contents Page

Chapter 1: Purpose and Planning Information................................................................ 1-1 Introduction to Chapter 1 ................................................................................................ 1-3 HighReach HDR5 Product Family............................................................................... 1-3 Role and Purpose........................................................................................................... 1-3 Brief Description ............................................................................................................. 1-4 Features ......................................................................................................................... 1-7 Main Characteristics ................................................................................................... 1-7 HDR5 IDU (Indoor Unit) Hardware Configurations ...................................................... 1-8 HDR ODU (Outdoor Unit) Hardware Configuration Options ........................................ 1-8 User Services ............................................................................................................. 1-8 Optional Features ....................................................................................................... 1-9 Protected System (1+1)........................................................................................... 1-9 Configuration and Management Options................................................................... 1-13 Configuration Tool Application............................................................................... 1-13 Web Page Application ........................................................................................... 1-13 SNMP Management Application ............................................................................ 1-14 Planning Information .................................................................................................... 1-16 Site Evaluation .......................................................................................................... 1-16 Installation Information.............................................................................................. 1-16 General Information............................................................................................... 1-16 Configuration Capabilities of the HDR5 System ........................................................ 1-18 Maintenance Philosophy ........................................................................................... 1-18 General ................................................................................................................. 1-18 Fault Finding Philosophy........................................................................................... 1-19 General ................................................................................................................. 1-19 Automatic Monitoring and Built-in Testing Capabilities.............................................. 1-20 System Specifications............................................................................................... 1-20 General Characteristics ......................................................................................... 1-20 Baseband Characteristics ......................................................................................... 1-21 Transceiver System Specifications/Characteristics ................................................... 1-23 System Power Supplies ............................................................................................ 1-25 Equipment Monitoring Facilities ................................................................................ 1-25 Services Interfaces ................................................................................................... 1-25 Interconnection Cable ............................................................................................... 1-26 Antennas .................................................................................................................. 1-26 Mechanical................................................................................................................ 1-27 Environmental Characteristics .................................................................................. 1-27 Protected System Data Transmission Characteristics............................................... 1-28 Receive Changeover ............................................................................................. 1-28 Transmit Changeover............................................................................................ 1-28 Protected System Characteristics ............................................................................. 1-28 Protection Mode .................................................................................................... 1-28 Operational Mode Auto/Manual .......................................................................... 1-28
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Receiver Changeover Conditions .......................................................................... 1-29 Hit-Less Changeover............................................................................................. 1-29 Transmitter Changeover Conditions (Hot Stand-by only)....................................... 1-29 Local TX Failure .................................................................................................... 1-29 Remote TX Failure ................................................................................................ 1-29 Changeover Time.................................................................................................. 1-30 Protected System Special Characteristics................................................................. 1-30 Disable of Certain IDU Menu Functions Auto Mode............................................... 1-30 Automatic Determination of the Protection Mode................................................... 1-30 Appendix A: - Frequency Bands ................................................................................... 1-31
List of Figures Figure Page
Figure 1-1: Typical HDR5 1U 1+0 IDU. .............................................................................. 1-5 Figure 1-2: Typical HDR5 2U 1+1 IDU. .............................................................................. 1-5 Figure 1-3: Typical ODU with Integral Antenna .................................................................. 1-6 Figure 1-4: Hot Stand-by Protection Configuration........................................................... 1-11 Figure 1-5: Dual Path Protection Configuration................................................................ 1-12 Figure 1-6: Network and VoIP LAN connections using O&M Bridge connector ................ 1-15
List of Tables Table Page
Table 1-1: Bandwidth/Modulation/Capacity Tables............................................................. 1-7 Table 1-2: HDR5 IDU Hardware Configurations................................................................. 1-8 Table 1-3: Data Capacity/Modulation Scheme/Bandwidth................................................ 1-20 Table 1-4: ODU/Frequency Band/Band Plan ................................................................... 1-21 Table 1-5: E1 Interface .................................................................................................... 1-21 Table 1-6: Ethernet Interface ........................................................................................... 1-21 Table 1-7: Transceiver Specifications/Characteristics...................................................... 1-23 Table 1-8: PSU Specifications ......................................................................................... 1-25 Table 1-9: Monitoring Facilities Descriptions .................................................................... 1-25 Table 1-10: User Services Characteristics ....................................................................... 1-25 Table 1-11: IDU/ODU Cable Characteristics .................................................................... 1-26 Table 1-12: Antenna Information...................................................................................... 1-26 Table 1-13: Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................. 1-27 Table 1-14: Environmental Specifications ....................................................................... 1-27 Table 1-15: Protection Mode Characteristics ................................................................... 1-28
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862-02701 Chapter 1
Introduction to Chapter 1
Chapter 1 is aimed at management and planning staff to provide a system overview of the HDR5 System. This overview includes technical specifications, system description, features and logistic requirements for the HDR5 System.
HighReach HDR5 Product Family

The HDR5 System design philosophy was to create a compact, costeffective digital microwave radio successor to the HDR4 System. This involves a version of the IDU that is software configurable to various data rates and modulation schemes. Thus the system may be re-configured without any module or hardware changes. The range of ODUs has also been extended and rationalised. This has resulted in the following product family: The HDR5 1U IDU: Configurable from 4 to 16 E1 tributaries plus standard 10/100BaseT Ethernet interface with configurable throughput capacity up to 68 Mbps. The HDR5 2U IDU versions to cover protection (1+1) and higher E1 capacity (up to 32E1). The HDR ODU range: In bands from 4 to 38 GHz
The ODUs remain data rate independent and the IDUs are independent of ODU frequency band (with the exception of the 4.5GHz ODU which requires a different modem). Current and previous versions of ODU are compatible with HDR5 IDUs. Old version HDR ODUs require a different IDU Modem.
Role and Purpose

The HDR5 System provides a full duplex, point-to-point, digital radio link for low to medium data rate communications links. It is used to transport digital data between two sites. Whether the digitally encoded information is voice, telephony, cellular, data or video as required by various applications, the HDR5 System product can be deployed in urban and rural networks as an interconnect solution. Typical roles include: First-mile cellular interconnect applications
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Last-mile communications network applications such as spur-links off SDH networks Permanent rural telecommunications infrastructure Data Network or LAN/WAN interconnect for businesses Video Conference Links for Businesses Temporary infrastructure while optic fibre is installed Emergency communication services for disaster recovery Outside Broadcast or Temporary Cell Base interconnect.
Brief Description
An HDR5 System is a Digital Radio Link (DRL) comprising two Digital Radio Stations (DRS) positioned in a line of sight. Each DRS consists of an HDR5 IDU and an HDR ODU, interconnected by a coaxial cable. The ODU is connected to an antenna. For the standard (1+0) unprotected configuration, there is one IDU and one ODU. A 1+1 protected version of the HDR5 IDU is also available in a 2U version. This version has two PSUs and two Modems that each connect to an ODU. This is for hot standby and diversity redundancy protection applications. The HDR5 System can connect up to 32 E1 (2048 kbps) tributaries and a single 10/100BaseT Ethernet port. The system is available for operation in a number of frequency bands (see Features on page 1-7). Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the 1+0 and 1+1 IDUs respectively, while Figure 1-3 shows a typical ODU with integrated antenna.
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Figure 1-1: Typical HDR5 1U 1+0 IDU.
Figure 1-2: Typical HDR5 2U 1+1 IDU.
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Figure 1-3: Typical ODU with Integral Antenna
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Features
Main Characteristics
a. The HDR5 system caters for 1E1 to 32E1 capacities for channel spacing of 7, 14 and 28 MHz. b. QPSK or 16QAM modulation may be used. 16QAM allows twice the data rate for specific channel spacing.
c. The 10/100BaseT Ethernet interface utilises bandwidth not used by E1 traffic. Bandwidth for disabled tributaries is allocated to Ethernet. This is performed as a native E1/native Ethernet system. A maximum Ethernet throughput of 66Mbps is achievable (for a 16QAM system with 28 MHz channel). d. Refer to Table 1-1 for the E1 and Ethernet capacities available for the various channel spacing. Table 1-1: Bandwidth/Modulation/Capacity Tables Bandwidth (MHz) 7 14 28 Capacity (Mbps) 8.5 17 34 68 QPSK Modulation Capacity (Mbps) 8.5 17 34 Max # E1s 4 8 16 16 or 32* Max # E1s 4 8 16 16QAM Modulation Capacity (Mbps) 17 34 68 Max # E1s 8 16 32 Max Ethernet Capacity (All E1s disabled) Mbps 8 16 33 66
Min Ethernet Capacity (All E1s enabled) Mbps 0 0 0.6 1.7
* 16E1 max for 1U IDU, 32E1 max for 2U IDU a. The system incorporates Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC). b. The system provides network management capabilities through web browser and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). c. The system is easily installed and maintained. d. Near and Far end alarm monitoring is incorporated in the system. e. The system provides built-in diagnostic and test features, such as loopback facilities.
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f.
The IDU is able to operate with all models of ODUs, regardless of the frequency band with the exception of the 4.5GHz ODU which requires a special modem.
g. The ODU is data rate independent and able to operate with any configuration of the IDU.
HDR5 IDU (Indoor Unit) Hardware Configurations

Table 1-2: HDR5 IDU Hardware Configurations Module HDR5 PSU HDR5 Microprocessor and Mux Options/Remarks Power Supply Unit. Two required for 1+1 system. Two PCBs. Includes microprocessor, multiplexer, 4x4E1 interfaces and Ethernet interface, USB, auxillary Input/Output and alarm interface on top board. Modulator and Demodulator. Two required for 1+1 system. Note that the 4.5GHz ODU requires a special modem. Two PCBs. Optional additional multiplexer module with 4x4E1 interfaces used for greater than 16E1 applications in a 2U system. Box and backplane interconnection. May be 1U for 1+0 or 2U for 1+1 or 32E1.
HDR5 Modem
HDR5 Auxilliary Mux
Housing
HDR ODU (Outdoor Unit) Hardware Configuration Options

ODUs are available in the following licensed frequency bands: 4.5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 32, 38 GHz. For each frequency band, ODUs come in High Band and Low Band pairs to form a link. For a full list of frequency bands refer to the Appendix A at the end of the chapter and Table 1-4 on page 1-21.
User Services
The HDR System provides the following user services: a. Two RJ45 Ethernet Bridge connections for: Network management via web browser or SNMP Bridging to another DRS. VoIP phone connection for calls to other sites.
b. A USB Port for:
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Connection to the PC based Configuration Tool (Craft Terminal).
c. Alarm Indications: An ALARM Reset button. A NEAR and FAR site ALARM indication LED. A NEAR and FAR site LINK indication LED.
d. Auxiliary Alarm Inputs and Outputs 2 user configurable site alarm inputs. 2 user configurable alarm relay outputs.
e. ODU BNC connection. For RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indication) voltage for beaming up purposes.
Optional Features
The HDR System offers the following optional features: Protected System (1+1) A protected system provides the user with a level of protection against: Module failure of those modules with lowest MTBF, such as Modem module and Outdoor Unit. Propagation path disturbances when using space or frequency diversity.
In addition, the hit-less receive switching provides the user with the instantaneous best receiver at all times, thus adding an effective coding gain to the system performance. In summary, the purpose of a protected system is to ensure minimum downtime of the HDR System under propagation and module failures. The HDR System can be configured or upgraded to operate in one of two protected modes. Hot Stand-by (employing space diversity). Dual Path (employing space and frequency diversity).
Usually, this selection is dependent on availability of spectrum and desired performance. In both of these configurations, the HDR5 IDU is connected to two Outdoor Units. The 1+1 version of the IDU uses a 2U height assembly with two power supplies and two Modems (one for each ODU).
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Hot Stand-by Protection Figure 1-4 on page 1-11 shows the principle of the hot stand-by protection configuration. The hot stand-by protection system uses a common frequency channel, with only one of the two transmitters at any end of the microwave link active at any particular time. The transmitter in stand-by mode will be fully operational except that it will be muted. The two transceivers on a particular side of a link are the same type (i.e. both high band or both low band). Both of the receivers on a particular side of the link are always active. This establishes two distinct propagation paths in each direction across the link for one of the four possible transmitter-receiver combinations. Note that it does not matter which one of the two transmitters on a given side of the link is active. The hot stand-by protected system configuration provides hit-less receiver changeover on each side of the radio relay link in case of receiver equipment failure or sudden propagation path fading on one of the four microwave paths. If a transmitter fails, there will be a short break in transmission until the stand-by transmitter is activated. In contrast to receiver changeover, transmitter changeover will therefore not be hit-less. Dual Path Protection (Frequency Diversity) Figure 1-5 on page 1-12 shows the principle of the Dual path protection configuration. In the dual path protected system configuration both transmitters at each end will be active (they operate in different frequency channels). Both of the receivers on a particular side of the link will be active, each receiving on its set channel frequency. This establishes two entirely independent bi-directional microwave links.
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Figure 1-4: Hot Stand-by Protection Configuration
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Outdoor Unit A
Outdoor Unit A
Outdoor Unit B
Outdoor Unit B
Modulator A
Modulator A
Demodulator A
Demodulator A
Modulator B
Modulator B
Demodulator B
Demodulator B
Protection Switch
Protection Switch
Radio Frame
Radio Frame
Common Interface Circuits
Common Interface Circuits
User Data
User Data
Figure 1-5: Dual Path Protection Configuration
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Important Points to Remember Indoor Units must be fitted with duplicate Modems in terms of data rate and Modulation Type. Each Radio Station should have installed Outdoor Units of the same type (either both High Band or both Low Band). Outdoor Units should be of the same Band (7, 8, etc.) and subband designator (A1, B1, etc.) for hot standby operation. Configuration of Protected mode is dependent on the frequency (channel) selection for the Outdoor Units. Maximum physical separation of the Outdoor Units at either side of the link is a function of the antenna 3 dB beamwidth and the physical separation between the two stations.
Configuration and Management Options

The HighReach HDR5 System offers the following configuration and management tools: Configuration Tool Application The Configuration Tool Application is an on-site software tool for status monitoring and configuration of the digital radio site (DRS) and is used as a craft terminal. The application runs on a user supplied PC connected to the IDU via a USB cable. The Configuration Tool allows the user to configure and view the local (only) IDU/ODU combination and monitor the local and remote alarms. For more information on the Configuration Tool refer to Chapter 7.
Web Page Application Each HDR5 IDU has an IP address and Configuration Web Page configured within. Status monitoring and configuration is performed using the IP address from a standard web browser and with the network connected to the O&M port of the IDU. Each HDR5 IDU is configured with a unique MAC Address and default IP Address, for ease of initial configuration on a unit by unit basis. Once the original configuration is completed then the client may change the IP Addresses of each IDU, to suit his Network requirements. Refer to Figure 1-6 Network and VoIP LAN connections using O&M Bridge connector on page 1-15.
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SNMP Management Application Each HDR5 IDU also has an SNMP Agent and MIB installed. This allows network management in the form of fault reporting, status polling and configuration to be performed within a large network of elements by a generic network management system utilising an SNMP Manager such as HP Openview Refer to Figure 1-6 Network and VoIP LAN connections using O&M Bridge connector on page 1-15.
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Figure 1-6: Network and VoIP LAN connections using O&M Bridge connector
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Planning Information
Site Evaluation
When planning a site for a digital radio link (DRL), it is important to take into account the operational environment of the proposed site. The combined effect of atmospheric environmental factors such as rain and lightning, atmospheric attenuation, signal path obstruction, propagation fading, air temperature gradients, ice build-up, wind and solar radiation can contribute towards reducing the level of performance of the system (as measured in terms of its capability to transfer data without error). In the higher frequency bands above 13GHz, especially in the 23 GHz water absorption band, rainfall is the main attenuation mechanism that limits error performance. Ice and snow will obviously have a similar effect. Severely cold, and excessively warm climatic conditions outside the scope of the operating temperature range can affect the function of the system, especially the outdoor equipment, antennas, cabling and connectors (Refer to Table 1-14: Environmental Specifications on page 1-27). Insufficiently rigid masts in very strong windy conditions can affect the antenna beam alignment and hence the ODU equipment reliability due to wind force stress build-up and/or vibration in the mast-mounted equipment. Non-atmospheric environmental factors such as the electromagnetic interference due to the presence of other antennas, path clutter and terrain topography can also have a detrimental effect on system performance and should be carefully assessed before and during installation.
Installation Information
General Information This section contains only general information and installation guidelines for the HDR5 System. Specific installation instructions for an Antenna, IDU, ODU and Interconnection Cable are provided in Chapter 2 of this manual. Indoor Unit The HDR5 IDU is designed for mounting in the DIN 41494 (19) or ETSI racking standard. The HDR5 IDUs are 1U (38mm) in height, 238mm in depth. 2U (76mm) height IDUs are used for 1+1 applications and when more than 16 E1 tributaries are used. The IDUs have a mass of <10 kg each (2U). Optional wall or desk mount 19 cabinets (9U) are also available.
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All the Indoor Units interfaces, e.g. data, power and IDU/ODU connector, are located on the front of the unit making the IDUs ideally suitable for rack installations in accordance with the ETSI standard. Front panel connection philosophy eases the commissioning and testing procedures of the equipment. Outdoor Unit The ODU is designed for mounting on one of a series of RFS antennas (see Antennas below for the full range). These antennas are based on RFS SlimLine and CompactLine antenna ranges customised to allow integral mounting. The ODU may also be mounted separately on a mast using the optional HighReach Mast Mount Kit (MMK), usually for larger than 1.8m diameter non-customised RFS standard antennas and the 4.5GHz ODU. In this configuration, the ODU is connected to an antenna by a flexible waveguide between the waveguide flange on the ODU and the antenna. In the 4.5GHz ODU case, a co-axial cable is used to connect the ODU to the antenna. The ODU has a mass of < 9 kg and can be installed by one person, and is suitably enclosed for all-weather operation. See Mechanical specifications on page 1-27 for the various pole diameters on which the ODU can be mounted. Antennas For optimum performance, a range of RFS antennas has been customised (by RFS) allowing for integral mounting of the HDR5 ODUs. The following antenna dish sizes are available for the integral mounting configuration: 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 1.8 m.
The 4.5GHz ODU uses an N-type RF output connector, and needs to be connected to N-type antenna using a suitable co-axial cable. Alignment of the two antennas of a DRL can be performed by one person at each site. Antenna alignment (beaming-up) is assisted by use of a DVM connected to the RSSI BNC connection on the ODU. Indoor Unit/Outdoor Unit Interconnection Cable See Interconnection Cable on page 1-26.
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Configuration Capabilities of the HDR5 System

The standard methods of monitoring and configuration of the HDR5 System is via the on site configuration tool or web page browser. The configuration tool can only monitor and configure the local DRS. In both cases the structure of screens is the same. There are seven main screens that can be viewed: 1. Alarm Status This screen gives all information on the IDU and ODU Status e.g. tributary status, Ethernet status, alarms status, PSU voltages, lock status, transmit level, receive level, channel configuration. 2. Alarm Log Provides a log of all alarm events since previously cleared. 3. Build History Provides information for configuration management in terms of Part and Version Numbers for the various Hardware, Software and Firmware installations in the IDU and ODU. 4. Performance Monitoring Provides performance statistics in terms of link availability (G.826) and receive levels in 15 minute intervals, as well as daily totals for the past 30 days. 5. Configuration This screen allows the user to configure the IDU and ODU e.g. IP address, active tributaries, loopbacks, transmit level, ODU channel settings. 6. Upgrade Allows software and firmware download to the IDU. 7. Security Allows user access and security levels to be set. The configuration tool has an extra settings screen for serial port configuration and default setting. The web page has an extra frequency offset table screen and network bandwidth setting screen.
Maintenance Philosophy
General The HDR5 Maintenance Philosophy can be described in two main categories:
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Routine (non-invasive) Maintenance It is recommended that the client, on a routine basis, every 3 or 4 months do routine tasks at the DRS and a visual inspection of the equipment. The type of tasks recommended are; blowing dust out of the racks, cleaning filters, and checking operation of standby generators, visually inspect connections and take corrective action if necessary. It is also recommended that all the voltages and currents are noted and checked against a recorded history of previous visits. This is to track changes in parameters that may indicate that a failure is imminent, e.g. lock voltages or RSSI voltages.
Major (invasive) Maintenance It is recommended that the client annually, preferably just before the rainy season or winter, complete additional system invasive tasks during a planned down-time. These tasks should include a full inspection of the IDU/ODU cable and its connectors. Re-make connections off where necessary, replace cable if necessary, replace tie-wrapping of cable to mast, redo all the connectors insulation. Check the antenna mounting stability, re-pan if RSSI determines necessity. Tie-wrap loose cables in Radio Room, neaten everything up, check that labelling is accurate, re-make off any suspicious connections. Check the station ground connections and measure the resistance to ground, redo if necessary. A complete BER performance Test should be done on a random sample of a few tributaries, check operation of VoIP links, ensure that all is functioning within specification.
The above checks are examples of what should be completed; the client needs to determine his specific requirements and schedule.
Fault Finding Philosophy

General Fault finding is structured to ensure that any fault on the HDR5 System can be diagnosed and repaired with the minimum system downtime. With this in mind, fault diagnosis is divided into two main categories: a. Diagnosing the most likely Faulty Site (Near or Far). b. Diagnosing the Faulty Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) at the Site (IDU, ODU or IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable).
Page 1-19
Chapter 1
System performance evaluation is aided by diagnosing the radio link performance data for error performance (G.826).
Automatic Monitoring and Built-in Testing Capabilities

Apart from continuous monitoring of data and equipment fault states and conditions, with automatic fault warnings, the HDR5 System provides built-in test features for user maintenance/fault finding support. The built-in test facilities can be operated on the Local IDU/ODU via the Configuration Tool or remotely on any of a number of DRSs via a web browser and/or SNMP Manager. The built-in test facilities allow the user to detect faults and to locate the defective part to a level of field, depot or factory repairable module. The major test features include: Loopback of data signals at Tributary I/O and IDU (to ODU) I/O levels. ODU loopback is available on the 4.5GHz ODUs only. Control of RF power level and muting. Display of signal levels and quality. Complete status display of equipment faults. For example, synthesizer lock loss, power supply voltage or current, data error rates and general equipment status. Insertion of AIS (all 1s) on tributaries to indicate upstream loss of integrity on data. Disabling of modulation on carrier.
System Specifications
General Characteristics Data Capacity, Modulation Scheme and Bandwidth Table 1-3: Data Capacity/Modulation Scheme/Bandwidth Data Capacity 4E1/8.5Mbps 8E1/17Mbps 16E1/34Mbps 8E1/17Mbps 16E1/34Mbps 32E1/68Mbps Modulation Scheme QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM Bandwidth 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 28MHz
NOTE: Data rate can be allocated to a mixture of E1s and Ethernet
Page 1-20
862-02701 Chapter 1
Operating Frequency Bands Available The following licensed frequency bands with various options of T/R spacing (high band/low band difference) are available: Table 1-4: ODU/Frequency Band/Band Plan
Freq Band (GHz) Operating Freq Ranges (GHz) 4.5 4.4 5.0 6 5.9 7.1 7 7.1 7.9 154, 160, 161, 168, 196, 245 8 7.9 8.5 119, 126, 151.6, 208, 266, 311.32 11 10.7 11.7 13 12.7 13.3 15 14.4 15.4 315, 420, 475, 490, 640, 644, 728 18 17.7 19.7 23 21.2 23.6 26 24.2 26.5 32 31.8 33.4 38 37.0 40.0
T/R Spacings (MHz)
300, 312
240, 252, 340
490, 500, 530
266
1010, 1560
1008, 1200, 1232
800, 1008
812
700, 1260
NOTE: Other frequency bands available on request. For further detail of sub-bands covered for each type of ODU refer to Appendix A: - Frequency Bands on page 1-31.
Baseband Characteristics
E1 Interface: Table 1-5: E1 Interface Description Interface Options Tributary Interface Standard Jitter and Wander Line Code Connector Type Impedance Characteristics 4E1, 8E1, 16E1, 32E1 G.703, G.823 G.823 HDB3 25 way D-type female (4 x E1s per connector) 120 Ohm balanced or 75 ohm unbalanced using external patch panel
Ethernet Interface: Table 1-6: Ethernet Interface Description Type Mode IEEE 802.3 10/100BaseT Full/Half Duplex Auto-negotiate Characteristics
Page 1-21
Chapter 1
Description Interface MTU 802.1Q VLAN RJ45 1531 bytes Transparent
Characteristics
Page 1-22
862-02701 Chapter 1
Transceiver System Specifications/Characteristics

Table 1-7: Transceiver Specifications/Characteristics
Frequency Band Operating Frequency Range (GHz) Frequency Source Modulation Types Transmitter Power O/P QPSK Std/ High (dBm) Power O/P 16QAM Std/ High (dBm) Frequency Stability Attenuation Range Receiver Background BER Receiver Upper Limit 4.5GHz 4.4 to 5.0 6 GHz 5.9 to 7.1 7 GHz 7.1 to 7.9 8 GHz 7.9 to 8.5 11 GHz 10.7 to 11.7 13 GHz 12.7 to 13.24 15 GHz 14.4 to 15.4 18 GHz 17.7 to 19.7 23 GHz 21.2 to 23.6 26 GHz 24.2 to 26.5 32 GHz 31.8 to 33.4 38 GHz 37.0 to 40.0
Synthesizer QPSK or 16QAM 4.5 GHz 30
Synthesizer QPSK or 16QAM 6 GHz 26/30
Synthesizer QPSK or 16QAM 7 GHz 25.5/30
Synthesizer QPSK or 16QAM 18 GHz 24/25.5
27
22/28
21/28
21/28
20/26
20/23
20/23
20/22
19/22
18/22
17/21
16/20
<7 ppm >15 dB or muted 4.5 GHz <10-11 -20 dBm
<7 ppm >20 dB or muted 6 GHz <10-11 -20 dBm
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Chapter 1
Frequency Band System Gain (10-6 BER) QPSK, Hi power 4E1 8E1 16E1 Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) QPSK 4E1 8E1 16E1 Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER) 16QAM 4E1 8E1 16E1 32E1/66 Mbit/s
4.5 GHz System Gain (dB) 119.0 116.0 113.0 Sensitivity (dBm) -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 Sensitivity (dBm) -86.0 -83.0 -80.0 -77.0
6 GHz System Gain (dB) 119.0 116.0 113.0 Sensitivity (dBm) -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 Sensitivity (dBm) -86.0 -83.0 -80.0 -77.0
NOTE: The values given in this table represent guaranteed values.
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862-02701 Chapter 1
System Power Supplies

Table 1-8: PSU Specifications Description DC Power Supply AC Power Supply Total Power Consumption Specifications 22 to 57 VDC, floating 110 to 250 VAC (with external convertor) 60 W (unprotected, 1+0 configuration) 110 W (protected, 1+1 configuration)
Equipment Monitoring Facilities

Table 1-9: Monitoring Facilities Descriptions Feature Signal Strength Loopbacks Description Analogue BNC(F) Connector (ODU) & Digital Configuration Tool Local ODU Loopback (on 4.5GHz ODU) Local IDU Loopback Local Tributary Loopback (to Line and to Link) Local Site Yes Yes Yes Remote Site (Alarm States only) Yes Yes
Diagnostics Configuration Tool Web Access SNMP Performance Monitoring Auxillary I/Os Remote Management Network Management
G.826 availibility at Radio Frame levels, receive level monitoring 2 configurable inputs, 2 configurable relay outputs Via Web Access and/or SNMP for Configuration and Equipment Control, Performance Monitoring Element Management (Web Access) and Full Network Management (SNMP)
Services Interfaces
Table 1-10: User Services Characteristics Description O&M Bridge Characteristics Dual RJ45 Ethernet connection. Used for LAN connection for Web Access configuration, SNMP connection, VoIP Telephone connection, bridging to further systems BNC(F) connection on the ODU for accessing the Received Signal Strength Indication voltage (0-5V) Analogue. Used for beaming-up purposes.
RSSI connector
Page 1-25
Chapter 1
Interconnection Cable
Table 1-11: IDU/ODU Cable Characteristics Description Cable Type Connector Type Lightning Protection LMR400 or equivalent type LMR600 or equivalent type Minimum Bend Radius (single bend) LMR400 or equivalent LMR600 or equivalent 2.5 cm 3.8 cm Remarks Single coaxial cable Type N (ODU) and TNC (IDU) ITU-T K.20 Cable length up to 200 m. 8 to 9 dB / 100m loss at 350 MHz Cable length up to 400 m. 4 to 4.5 dB / 100m loss at 350 MHz
Antennas
Table 1-12: Antenna Information
Frequency Size (Diameter) (m) 1.8 m 1.2 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.3 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.3 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.3 m 0.6 m Antenna Gain (dBi) Nominal 36.5 32.5 31.3 36.9 40.5 31.9 37.6 40.8 34.2 40.5 44.0 35.4 41.5 45.1 31.1 36.5 42.5 46.0 33.0 38.3 44.5 48.0 34.9 40.1 3 dB Beamwidth 2.4 3.6 4.3 2.2 1.5 4.3 2.2 1.5 3.1 1.5 1.0 2.7 1.4 0.9 4.4 2.3 1.2 0.8 3.4 1.9 0.9 0.7 2.8 1.6 Front/back Ratio (dB) 64 54 55 63 66 55 63 66 60 66 70 62 67 72 56 62 70 72 58 60 65 68 61 66 Mass (kg) 120 45 15 45 120 15 45 120 15 35 110 15 35 110 5 15 35 110 5 15 35 110 5 15 Interface
4.5 GHz (Nonintegral) 7 GHz
N type N type PBR84 PBR84 PBR84 PBR84 PBR84 PBR84 PBR120 PBR120 PBR120 PBR120 PBR120 PBR120 PBR140 PBR140 PBR140 PBR140 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220
8 GHz
11 GHz
13 GHz
15 GHz
18 GHz
23 GHz
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862-02701 Chapter 1
Frequency
26 GHz
38 GHz
Size (Diameter) (m) 1.2 m 1.8 m 0.3 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 0.3 m 0.6 m
Antenna Gain (dBi) Nominal 46.1 49.5 35.9 41.2 46.9 39.3 44.3
3 dB Beamwidth 0.8 0.5 2.5 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.0
Front/back Ratio (dB) 72 75 62 67 73 60 63
Mass (kg) 35 110 5 15 35 5 15
Interface
PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR220 PBR320 PBR320
NOTES:
Other sizes available on request. The values given in the above table represent typical values
Mechanical
Table 1-13: Mechanical Specifications IDU (Indoor Unit) Mass Racking Standard 6 kg (1+0), 10kg (1+1) 19", ETSI, 1U 2U for 1+1 and 32E1 ODU (Outdoor Unit) Mass Mounting Standards: Separate Mount Integral Mount Pole (50 to 115 mm) Pole diameter is dependant on antenna dish size as follows: 0.3 m - 50 mm to 115 mm 0.6 m - 64 mm to 115 mm 1.2 m - 115 mm 1.8 m - 115 mm 9 kg (excluding antennas)
Environmental Characteristics
Table 1-14: Environmental Specifications Parameter Temperature Range Humidity Lightning Indoor Unit 0 to +50 C 90 % non-condensing ITU-T K.20 Outdoor Unit -30 to +55 C All weather
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Chapter 1
Parameter Wind Speed (max)
Indoor Unit Not applicable
Outdoor Unit Operating: 160 km/h Survival: 200 km/h
Operating Atmospheric Pressure EMC Specification
0.7 to 1.06 bar EN 301 489-4, EN 61000, EN55022/CISPR 22 (Class B)
Protected System Data Transmission Characteristics

Receive Changeover The Changeover of receivers is hit-less. When a Changeover is required, such a swapping from active device to standby device is deemed hitless where the disruption to user traffic does not cause consecutive bit errors, a pattern slip, or a frame alignment synchronisation. Transmit Changeover In the case of Transmit Changeover, the user will experience loss of data for the period of the Changeover delay.
Protected System Characteristics

Protection Mode Table 1-15: Protection Mode Characteristics Description Techniques Characteristics Hot Stand-by (when the transmit frequencies of both links are identical) or Dual Path (when the transmit frequencies are different for each link) Single IDU with two ODUs per station
Configuration
Operational Mode Auto/Manual The user can select either Manual control (where the user dictates the selection of optimal radio link), or alternatively, Automatic control. In this mode, the selection of the receive path is under system control and selection of the transmitter (Hot-Standby Mode only) is under system control.
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862-02701 Chapter 1
Receiver Changeover Conditions The hit-less switching FEC/Protection section governs selection of the best receiver. The Changeover from one receiver to the other should take place in a hitless fashion under the following conditions: Automatically (when Auto Mode is selected) when there are uncorrectable errors on the current channel and no un-correctable errors on the other channel. Manually on selection of Receiver from the IDU. Hit-Less Changeover Hit-less changeover means that when there is a switch from one receiver to another, no errors occur. Transmitter Changeover Conditions (Hot Stand-by only) For the Hot-Standby application only, the Indoor Unit changes from the active transmitter to the standby transmitter if any of the failure criteria are fulfilled. Local TX Failure For the Transmitting ODU, either of the following conditions will cause a failure: TX Fail (caused by either Loss of Synthesiser Lock or Loss of TX IF input to TX module) Power Control Failure P Fail between IDU and ODU Mute Invoked Power to Outdoor Unit turned Off
Remote TX Failure When neither of the receivers at the local station can detect the Remote TX, the following conditions determine this state. Upon detection of Remote failure, a message (I cant hear you) will be sent to the remote terminal requesting a transmit Changeover: Radioframe unlocked No heartbeat message (Inter-Station)
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Chapter 1
Changeover Time Changeover time is defined as the duration between the failure disturbance and the re-establishment of service following a Changeover event. When a fault occurs, the transmitter switch over time (from detection of fault to restoring of the service) is less than 5 seconds.
Protected System Special Characteristics

Disable of Certain IDU Menu Functions Auto Mode When the Mode of Operation is selected as Auto Mode, the user cannot Mute/Un-Mute either transmitter or place a Loopback at either the RF (Outdoor Unit) or IF (Indoor Unit) level. Automatic Determination of the Protection Mode The Indoor Unit determines the protection mode on the basis of the selection of transmit frequencies of the two Outdoor Units. When the transmit frequencies are identical, the unit goes to Hot-Standby mode. When the go-return frequency sets are different, the unit goes to DualPath mode.
Page 1-30
862-02701 Chapter 1 Appendix A
Appendix A: - Frequency Bands

NOTE: Frequency ranges shown are Tx minimum/maximum limits, i.e. not channel centre frequencies. The lowest available channel centre frequency is at least the minimum frequency shown plus one half the selected channel bandwidth. The highest available channel centre frequency is at most the maximum frequency shown less one half the selected channel bandwidth. Low Band Frequency Range (MHz) * Min Max High Band Frequency Range (MHz) * Min 4.5GHz 4.5-300-01 4.5-300-02 4.5-312-01 4.5-312-02 4410 4530 4404 4516 4570 4690 4572 4684 4710 4830 4716 4828 6 GHz 6-240-01 6-240-02 6-240-03 6-252-01 6-252-02 6-252-03 6-340-01 6-340-02 6-340-03 6-340-04 5925 6000 6075 5925 6000 6075 6430 6520 6600 6670 6025 6100 6175 6025 6100 6175 6540 6630 6710 6780 6175 6250 6325 6175 6250 6325 6770 6860 6940 7010 6275 6350 6425 6275 6350 6425 6880 6970 7050 7120 240 240 240 252.04 252.04 252.04 340 340 340 340 100 100 100 100 100 100 110 110 110 110 4870 4990 4884 4996 300 300 312 312 160 160 168 168 Max
Frequency/T to R/Sub-band
T to R (MHz)
Diplexer Range (MHz)
Page 1-31
Chapter 1 Appendix A
Low Band Frequency Range (MHz) * Min Max
High Band Frequency Range (MHz) * Min 7 GHz Max
T to R (MHz)
7-154-01 7-154-02 7-154-03 7-160-01 7-160-02 7-160-03 7-161-01 7-161-02 7-161-03 7-161-04 7-161-05 7-161-06 7-161-07 7-161-08 7-161-09 7-161-10 7-161-11 7-161-12 7-161-13 7-161-14 7-161-15 7-161-16
7428 7470 7512 7435.5 7478.5 7526 7114 7149 7184 7219 7239 7274 7309 7344 7414 7449 7484 7519 7539 7574 7609 7644
7484 7526 7568 7496.5 7541.5 7589 7177 7212 7247 7282 7302 7337 7372 7407 7477 7512 7547 7582 7602 7637 7672 7707
7582 7624 7666 7593.5 7638.5 7686 7275 7310 7345 7380 7400 7435 7470 7505 7575 7610 7645 7680 7700 7735 7770 7805
7638 7680 7722 7656.5 7701.5 7749 7338 7373 7408 7443 7463 7498 7533 7568 7638 7673 7708 7743 7763 7798 7833 7868
154 154 154 160 160 160 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161
56 56 56 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63
Page 1-32
High Band Frequency Range (MHz) * Min Max
T to R (MHz)
7 GHz Continued 7-168-01 7-168-02 7-168-03 7-196-01 7-196-02 7-196-03 7-196-04 7-196-05 7-245-01 7-245-02 7-245-03 7443 7485 7527 7093 7121 7149 7177 7205 7400 7484 7568 7499 7541 7583 7149 7177 7205 7233 7261 7484 7568 7652 7611 7653 7695 7289 7317 7345 7373 7401 7645 7729 7813 8 GHz 8-119-01 8-119-02 8-119-03 8-119-04 8-119-05 8-119-06 8-151-01 8-151-02 8-151-03 8-208-01 8279 8293 8307 8321 8335 8349 8203 8240 8277 8043 8307 8321 8335 8349 8363 8377 8271 8308 8345 8113 8398 8412 8426 8440 8454 8468 8355 8392 8429 8251 8426 8440 8454 8468 8482 8496 8423 8460 8497 8321 119/126 119/126 119/126 119/126 119/126 119/126 151.614 151.614 151.614 208 28 28 28 28 28 28 68 68 68 70 7667 7709 7751 7345 7373 7401 7429 7457 7729 7813 7897 168 168 168 196 196 196 196 196 245 245 245 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 84 84 84
Page 1-33
T to R (MHz)
8 GHz Continued 8-208-02 8-208-03 8-208-04 8-266-01 8-266-02 8-311-01 8-311-02 8-311-03 8099 8155 8211 7905 8017 7731 7835 7717 8169 8225 8281 8024 8136 7867 7971 7867 8307 8363 8419 8171 8283 8042 8146 8028 11 GHz 11-490-01 11-490-02 11-490-03 11-490-04 11-490-05 11-490-06 11-490-07 11-530-01 11-530-02 11-530-03 11-530-04 10675 10795 10915 11035 10700 10855 11010 10675 10795 10915 11035 10855 10975 11095 11215 10890 11045 11200 10855 10975 11135 11215 11165 11285 11405 11525 11200 11355 11510 11205 11325 11445 11565 11345 11465 11585 11705 11390 11545 11700 11385 11505 11665 11745 490 490 490 490 490/500 490/500 490/500 530 530 530 530 180 180 180 180 190 190 190 180 180 220 180 8377 8433 8489 8290 8402 8178 8282 8178 208 208 208 266 266 311.32 311.32 311.32 70 70 70 119 119 136 136 150
13 GHz 13-266-01 12751 12814 13017 13080 266 63
Page 1-34
T to R (MHz)
13 GHz Continued 13-266-02 13-266-03 13-266-04 12807 12863 12919 12870 12926 12982 13073 13129 13185 13136 13192 13248 266 266 266 63 63 63
15 GHz 15-315-01 15-315-02 15-315-03 15-420-01 15-420-02 15-420-03 15-420-04 15-490-01 15-490-02 15-490-03 15-490-04 15-475-01 15-475-02 15-475-03 15-640-01 15-640-01 15-644-01 15-644-01 14627 14725 14823 14501 14606 14718 14816 14403 14515 14627 14739 14500 14660 14783 14500 14605 14400 14498 14746 14844 14942 14613 14725 14837 14928 14522 14634 14746 14858 14668 14828 14883 14610 14715 14512 14610 14942 15040 15138 14921 15026 15138 15236 14893 15005 15117 15229 14975 15135 15258 15140 15245 15044 15142 15061 15159 15257 15033 15145 15257 15348 15012 15124 15236 15348 15143 15303 15358 15250 15355 15156 15254 315/ 322 315/ 322 315/ 322 420 420 420 420 490 490 490 490 475 475 475 640 640 644 644 119 119 119 112 119 119 112 119 119 119 119 168 168 100 110 110 112 112
Page 1-35
T to R (MHz)
15 GHz Continued 15-644-01 15-728-01 14596 14500 14708 14615 15240 15228 15352 15343 644 728 112 115
18 GHz 18-1010-01 17685 17985 18695 18995 1010/100 8 1010/100 8 1010/100 8 1010/100 8 1560 1560 1560 300
18-1010-02
17930
18230
18940
19240
300
18-1010-03
18180
18480
19190
19490
300
18-1010-04
18400
18700
19410
19710
300
18-1560-01 18-1560-02 18-1560-03
17700 17840 17700
18000 18410 18140
19260 19400 19260
19560 19700 19700
300 300 440
23 GHz 23-1008-01 23-1008-02 23-1200-01 23-1200-02 23-1200-03 23-1200-04 23-1200-05 23-1200-06 23-1200-07 21994 22274 21200 21490 21780 22070 21200 21600 22000 22330 22610 21530 21820 22110 22400 21600 22000 22400 23002 23282 22400 22690 22980 23270 22400 22800 23200 23338 23618 22730 23020 23310 23600 22800 23200 23600 1008 1008 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 336 336 300 300 300 300 400 400 400
Page 1-36
T to R (MHz)
23 GHz Continued 23-1232-01 23-1232-02 23-1232-03 23-1232-04 21200 21472 21779 22086 21500 21786 22093 22386 22432 22704 23011 23318 22732 23018 23325 23618 1232 1232 1232 1232 300 314 314 300
26 GHz 26-800-01 26-1008-01 26-1008-02 26-1008-03 24250 24549 24829 25109 24450 24885 25165 25445 25050 25557 25837 26117 25250 25893 26173 26453 800 1008 1008 1008 200 336 336 336
32 GHz 32-812-01 32-812-02 31815 32179 32207 32571 32627 32991 33019 33383 812 812 392 392
38 GHz 38-700-01 38-700-02 38-700-03 38-700-04 38-1260-01 38-1260-01 38595 38795 38995 39195 37044 37604 38805 39005 39205 39405 37632 38192 39295 39495 39695 39895 38304 38864 39505 39705 39905 40105 38892 39452 700 700 700 700 1260 1260 210 210 210 210 588 588
NOTE: Co- and Cross-polar Channel Frequencies. Cross-polar channels refer to the channel plan offset by half the channel spacing from the Co-polar channel plan. This allows channel selection of co-located units operating on antennas cross polarised from each other (giving some cross polar discrimination) to operate within half the normal channel spacing of each other.
Page 1-37
862-02701 Chapter 2
Chapter 2: Installation

Chapter 2: Installation .................................................................................................... 2-1 Introduction to Chapter 2 ................................................................................................ 2-3 Site Requirements ...................................................................................................... 2-3 Installation Overview................................................................................................... 2-3 Installing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna ......................................................................... 2-4 General Information .................................................................................................... 2-4 Integral Mounting..................................................................................................... 2-4 Separate Mounting .................................................................................................. 2-4 Warnings, Cautions and Notes................................................................................ 2-4 Integral Mount ODU Installation............................................................................... 2-6 Parts and Accessories Supplied for Integral Mount Installation ............................... 2-6 Customer Furnished Tools and Equipment ............................................................. 2-7 Installation Procedure.............................................................................................. 2-7 Separate Mount ODU Installation................................................................................ 2-8 Parts and Accessories Supplied for Separate Mount Installation............................. 2-9 Installation Procedure............................................................................................ 2-10 Installing the Indoor Unit............................................................................................... 2-11 General Information .................................................................................................. 2-11 Warnings and Cautions ......................................................................................... 2-11 Operating Environment ......................................................................................... 2-12 Power and Earthing Requirements........................................................................ 2-12 Parts and Accessories Supplied for Installation ........................................................ 2-12 Customer Furnished Tools, Materials and Test Equipment....................................... 2-13 Unpacking and Checks on Receipt of Equipment ..................................................... 2-13 Installation Procedure ............................................................................................... 2-14 Installing the Indoor Unit/Outdoor Unit Interconnection Cable ...................................... 2-15 Parts and Accessories Supplied for Installation ........................................................ 2-15 Customer Furnished Equipment Required ................................................................ 2-15 Installation Procedure ............................................................................................... 2-16 Installing a 1+1 Protected System ................................................................................ 2-16 System Commissioning ................................................................................................ 2-17 Equipment Required ................................................................................................. 2-17 Information Required Prior to Commissioning........................................................... 2-17 Commissioning Procedure ........................................................................................ 2-17 Setting-up Procedure ............................................................................................ 2-17 Beaming-up Procedure ......................................................................................... 2-18 Link Error Performance Test for E1 Traffic............................................................ 2-19 Link Performance Test Objectives......................................................................... 2-19 Commissioning a 1+1 Protected System .................................................................. 2-20 Appendix A: HDR5 External Connector Pin Details ...................................................... 2-21 Indoor Unit Connector Pin Details ............................................................................. 2-21 Outdoor Unit Connector Pin Details .......................................................................... 2-23 Patch Panel Layout................................................................................................... 2-23 Tributary (Trib) Layout versus the Tributary User Groups ......................................... 2-24 Appendix B: Assembly Instruction Example for LMR400 Cable ................................... 2-25 Appendix C: Antenna Installation................................................................................. 2-27 Polarization ............................................................................................................... 2-27 Page 2-1 Issue 4 (October 2009)
Chapter 2
Appendix D: Example of a Installation Check List......................................................... 2-29 Appendix E: Example of a Commissioning Check List................................................. 2-31

Figure 2-1: View of 4.5GHz HDR ODU. ............................................................................. 2-5 Figure 2-2: View of 6 to 38GHz Outdoor unit ..................................................................... 2-5 Figure 2-3: Example of 0.6 m Antenna and Outdoor Unit Integral Mounting ...................... 2-6 Figure 2-4: Example of Separate Mount 4.5 GHz Outdoor Unit and Antenna. ................... 2-9 Figure 2-5: Installing the ODU (Separate Mount Antenna) ............................................... 2-10 Figure 2-6: Connecting the 4.5GHz Outdoor Unit to the Antenna. ................................... 2-11 Figure 2-7: Front View of a Typical HDR5 IDU (1U shown).............................................. 2-14 Figure 2-8: Typical Link Test Configuration (4 x 2 Mbps), utilising TUG1......................... 2-19 Figure 2-9: 16 x 2 Mbit/s Patch Panel Layout................................................................... 2-23 Figure 2-10: N-type connector. ........................................................................................ 2-25 Figure 2-11: TNC & N-Type Right Angle connector. ........................................................ 2-26 Figure 2-12: Changing Antenna Polarization from Vertical to Horizontal .......................... 2-27

Table 2-1: Parts and Accessories Supplied for Integral Mount Installation. ........................ 2-6 Table 2-2: Tools and Equipment Required for Integral Mount Installation .......................... 2-7 Table 2-3: Parts and Accessories Supplied for Separate Mount Installation ...................... 2-9 Table 2-4: Parts and Accessories supplied for a 1+0 IDU Installation .............................. 2-12 Table 2-5: Customer furnished tools and materials for IDU Installation............................ 2-13 Table 2-6: Parts and Accessories supplied for the Interconnection Cable Installation...... 2-15 Table 2-7: Equipment and material required for the Interconnection Cable Installation.... 2-15 Table 2-8: RSSI to Voltage conversion. ........................................................................... 2-18 Table 2-9: Additional Commissioning Tests for a 1+1 System. ........................................ 2-20 Table 2-10: Indoor Unit Connector Pin Details ................................................................. 2-21 Table 2-11: Outdoor Unit Connector Pin Details .............................................................. 2-23 Table 2-12: Tributary Layout Vs TUG .............................................................................. 2-24
Page 2-2
862-02701 Chapter 2
Chapter 2 provides the installation personnel with the information required to assemble, install and commission the HDR5 System.
Site Requirements
Before installing the HDR5 System, ensure that the installation site meets the following requirements: a. Site characteristics are satisfactory (see Site Evaluation in Chapter 1). b. Suitable mast (pole) used for Antenna and Outdoor Unit installation is firmly in position. Pole diameters are as follows: Integral Mounting; 0.3 m antenna: 51 to 114 mm, 0.6 m antenna: 76 to 114 mm, 1.2 m and 1.8 m antennas: 114 mm. Separate Mounting; 1.2 m and 1.8 m antennas: 114 mm. CAUTION THE MAST AND THE EQUIPMENT ROOM, WHICH HOUSES THE INDOOR UNIT, MUST BE EARTHED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION ACCORDING TO STANDARD LOCAL PRACTICES.
Installation Overview
Installation of the HDR5 System is described under the following four main headings: a. Installing the Outdoor Unit (ODU) and Antenna Integral Mount Installation Separate Mount Installation
b. Installing the Indoor Unit (IDU) c. Installing the IDU / ODU Interconnection Cable d. System Commissioning To supplement the installation procedure, the following appendices are provided at the end of this chapter: Appendix A: HDR5 External Connector Pin Details on page 2-21 provides connector pin details for the external connectors of the IDU and ODU.
Page 2-3
Chapter 2
Appendix B: Assembly Instruction Example for LMR400 Cable on page 2-25 provides assembly instructions for the cable and connectors.
During the installation procedure, make sure that you complete an Installation Check List (see Appendix D: Example of a Installation Check List on page 2-29).
Installing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna
General Information
The HDR ODU allows the use of two basic antenna configurations, as follows: Integral Mounting Integral mount antennas are when the ODU clips directly onto the rear of the antenna, with no external waveguide connections or tools required. These antennas, supplied by Tellumat, are based on the RFS range, which have been customised to allow integral mount Tellumat ODUs. All 0.3m, 0.6m, 1.2m and 1.8m Tellumat antennas are available with vertical or horizontal polarisation selectable at time of installation. See Mount the Outdoor Unit (Integral Mount) on page 2-8 for more details. Separate Mounting Separate mount antennas are connected, using a co-axial cable for the 4.5GHz ODU, or flexible waveguide for higher frequencies to an ODU which is mounted using a mast or wall mount kit. Warnings, Cautions and Notes
WARNING WHEN POWERED UP, THE ODU EMITS MICROWAVE RADIATION. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY INTO THE WAVE GUIDE PORT AS DAMAGE TO SENSITIVE BODY TISSUE CAN RESULT.
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862-02701 Chapter 2
CAUTIONS ENSURE THAT THE POWER SUPPLY IS SWITCHED OFF (FROM IDU) WHEN REMOVING OR REPLACING THE ODU. OBSERVE ALL PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INSTALLATION ON A MAST OR OTHER EXPOSED ENVIRONMENTS.
Figure 2-1: View of 4.5GHz HDR ODU
Page 2-5
Figure 2-2: View of 6 to 38GHz Outdoor Unit Issue 4 (October 2009)
HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual Integral Mount ODU Installation
Chapter 2
In this configuration the ODU pushed onto the O-ring sealed spigot interface of the antenna. It is then secured to the antenna by four lever clips. Figure 2-3 shows the ODU and antenna integral mount configuration for an antenna.
Figure 2-3: Example of 0.6 m Antenna and Outdoor Unit Integral Mounting
Parts and Accessories Supplied for Integral Mount Installation Table 2-1, below, shows the parts and accessories supplied by Tellumat for the installation for an integral mount configuration. Note that this list identifies the parts supplied for an unprotected (1+0) system at a DRS (Digital Radio Site), i.e. one end of a DRL (Digital Radio Link). Table 2-1: Parts and Accessories Supplied for Integral Mount Installation Description Antenna (Integral) Qty 1 Remarks The antenna is shipped with a complete installation kit, including spigot O-ring and O-ring grease. The antenna must be installed according to the instructions supplied in the antenna kit. Check that the ODU is of the same frequency band plan, sub-band and complimentary type (i.e. low band or high band) as at the far end DRS. ODUs should preferably be the same issue number if they are used in the same link, although this is not mandatory.
Outdoor Unit
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862-02701 Chapter 2
Customer Furnished Tools and Equipment Table 2-2 lists all tools and equipment required to install the ODU for an integral mount configuration. Note that these items must be supplied by the customer and are suggested, but are not all mandatory. Table 2-2: Tools and Equipment Required for Integral Mount Installation Description Binoculars Hex. Allen keys for M3 and M4 Spanners for hex bolts and nuts: M5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 (Spanners are: 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21 and 24mm) Torque wrenches from 0,5 daNm to 15 daNm Digital Multimeter (DVM) Panning cable Earth cable Qty 1 optional 1 1 Remarks Used for finding the far end (high) site. This will assist in the coarse beaming operation. Used for rotating the hornfeed Used for assembling the antenna. (spanners shown are used for a 1.2m RFS antenna). Check which are needed
Used for ensuring the correct torque to the nuts and bolts. Used to measure voltages and continuity. Use to connect to DVM to measure voltage while panning 16mm square surface area with 10mm lug at the end. For connection between the antenna mounting bracket and mast earth.
2 2 as required as required as required as required
Waterproofing & Tape Cable ties Suitable rigging equipment, e.g. Ropes, pulley etc.
For raising the antenna up the mast.
Installation Procedure Mount Antenna(s) Mount the antenna(s) at the planned height in a position that allows an unobstructed view of the far end DRS, and allowing room for azimuth and elevation adjustment. Use the antenna installation instructions and kit parts that come with the antenna. Page 2-7 Issue 4 (October 2009)
Chapter 2
Configure the antenna feed for vertical or horizontal polarisation as specified by the planning documentation for the link. Pay particular attention to the selection of polarization and feed alignment instructions supplied with the antenna. Mount the Outdoor Unit (Integral Mount) 1. Ensure antenna frequency band matches that of the ODU. 2. Remove any shipping covers from the antenna and spigot. CAUTION FOR MAXIMUM RELIABILITY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SEAL, ENSURE THAT THE O-RING IS CLEAN AND UNDAMAGED. 3. Carefully slip off the spigot adapter O-ring, wipe clean and lubricated lightly, using the O-ring grease supplied (as described in the appropriate appendix). 4. If necessary, remove any shipping plugs or protection tape from the ODU spigot hole and wipe spigot hole clean. 5. Carefully push the unit onto spigot. 6. Check ODU rotation setting for vertical or horizontal polarisation matches the antenna, clip in and secure the four lever clips, using a diagonal pattern, i.e. left-top, right-bottom, right-top, left-bottom. The 6 to 38 GHz round ODUs indicate polarity with an arrow upwards as vertical. The 4.5GHz ODUs are always mounted with the handle upwards and the antenna feed adaptor defines the polarisation.
CAUTION OBSERVE THE POLARISATION OF THE ANTENNA AND THE ODU.
Separate Mount ODU Installation

Separate mounting is required for the 4.5GHz ODU by using the Tellumat supplied mast mounting kit (MMK). This allows the ODU to be mounted directly to a mast of between 51 to 114mm in diameter. A safety handle is supplied with the MMK for holding the ODU by the handle during mounting. The ODU is then connected to a suitable antenna using a suitable coaxial cable with N-type connectors. Figure 2-4 shows the ODU and antenna separate mount configuration.
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862-02701 Chapter 2
Figure 2-4: Example of Separate Mount 4.5 GHz Outdoor Unit and Antenna
Parts and Accessories Supplied for Separate Mount Installation Table 2-3 lists the parts and accessories supplied by Tellumat for the installation of the ODU in the separate mount configuration. Note that this list relates to the parts supplied for an unprotected (1+0) system at a DRS, i.e. one end of a DRL. Table 2-3: Parts and Accessories Supplied for Separate Mount Installation Description Mast Mounting Kit (MMK) ODU Qty Remarks
Complete MMK for each ODU being installed. 1 (each) 780-02075 4.5 GHz 1 Check that the ODU is of the same frequency band plan (e.g. 5A or 5B), sub-band and complimentary type (i.e. low band or high band) as at the far end DRS. ODUs should preferably be the same issue number if they are used in the same link, although this is not mandatory. LMR400 or LMR600 or equivalent depending on cable length Issue 4 (October 2009)
Co-axial cable
Page 2-9
HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual Installation Procedure Mount Outdoor Unit (Separate Mount) (Refer to Figure 2-5 and Figure 2-6 Below).
Chapter 2
1. Mount the Mast Mounting Kit (MMK) to the mast in a position that allows the ODU to reach the antenna with the co-axial cable. 2. Place the ODU handle over the safety handle and clip the ODU to the MMK with the 4 clips. 3. If necessary, remove any shipping plugs from the ODU connectors. 4. Secure the co-axial cable to the Antenna 5. Secure the co-axial cable to the ODU 6. Waterproof the connectors after antenna alignment (panning)
SAFETY HANDLE
Figure 2-5: Installing the ODU (Separate Mount Antenna)
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862-02701 Chapter 2
Figure 2-6: Connecting the 4.5GHz Outdoor Unit to the Antenna
Installing the Indoor Unit
General Information
The IDU is assembled at the factory according to each clients requirements. Therefore, for installation purposes, you do not need to open up the IDU for any reason. Warnings and Cautions
WARNING HIGH DC VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE IDU (57 VDC).
Page 2-11
HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual CAUTIONS ENSURE THAT THE POWER SUPPLY IS DISCONNECTED BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING IDU MODULES. OBSERVE THE POLARITY OF THE INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE.
Chapter 2
Operating Environment The IDU must be installed in an office type environment, i.e. an enclosed, dry, dust free, clean area. The IDU operates as specified over an ambient temperature range of 0C to +50C. Power and Earthing Requirements The IDU operates from a floating 22 to 57 VDC supply with a maximum DC supply current of 6A. The system power consumption for a single terminal is 60W maximum for an unprotected system and 100W maximum for a 1+1 protected system.
Parts and Accessories Supplied for Installation

Table 2-4 lists the parts and accessories supplied for the installation of IDUs: Table 2-4: Parts and Accessories supplied for a 1+0 IDU Installation Description Indoor Unit Assembly Standard HDR5 IDU Installation kit, containing: Fuse 6.3A Slow Blow 20 x 5mm Cartridge Glass DC Connector Wieland 2.5mm DC power cord 6mm earth cable Coax Connector TNC Plug R/A Rack Mount Kit (Screws, Cup Washer & Cage Nut) Heat Shrink * For a 1+1 System amount will double 1* 4 1* Qty 1 1 1* 1* 1* 1 Blue and 1 Red Cord Yellow & Green Crimp type for LMR400 Fuses Remarks Fully fitted as per customer requirements.
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862-02701 Chapter 2
Customer Furnished Tools, Materials and Test Equipment

The customer must supply the tools, materials and test equipment listed in Table 2-5 that are required for the IDU installation: Table 2-5: Customer Furnished Tools and Materials for IDU Installation Description Pozidrive Screwdriver, No. 1 Pozidrive Screwdriver, No. 2 Flat Screwdriver, 2mm Side Cutters Crimp tool Cable Ties Digital Volt Meter (DVM) Soldering Iron * A/R as required. Qty 1 1 1 1 1 * A/R 1 1 Remarks General use. General use. DC power connection Making off cables. For 4mm earth lug. For securing power supply and interconnection cables. For measuring voltages and continuity. For soldering TNC right angle connector centre conductor.
Unpacking and Checks on Receipt of Equipment

The IDU arrives on site fully assembled and packed in a container. Upon delivery, verify that the container is undamaged and then unpack the IDU from the container. Inspect the IDU for damage as well as the packing checklist to ensure that the IDU delivered has the correct configuration as per your requirements. If the container or the IDU is damaged, contact the supplier and report the damage.
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Chapter 2
Installation Procedure
Figure 2-7: Front View of a Typical HDR5 IDU (1U shown) Install the IDU as follows: 1. The IDU is factory configured for installation in a 19 rack. If the IDU is to be mounted in an ETSI rack, the L mounting brackets have to be changed. Secure the IDU to its position in the 19"or ETSI rack. No objects must be placed on top of the unit 2. Connect the earth cable/strap between the facility earth bus-bar and the earth connection on the L mounting bracket of the IDU. Note that the earth cable/strap is supplied by the manufacturer when the IDU is installed in a 19" or ETSI rack. When the IDU is not installed in a rack, the earth cable must be supplied by the customer. 3. Ensure that the IDU power switch is switched OFF. NOTE: If external power is live, arcing will occur on the connector even if the IDU is switched OFF, damage can occur. It is recommended that the external power be switched OFF when connecting the external power cable. 4. Observing the polarity of the supply, wire up the supplied power connector cable plug and connect it to the facility DC supply (22 to 57V) through a minimum 6 A circuit breaker. Secure the connector screws to the unit. Check the supply voltage using the DVM. CAUTIONS OBSERVE THE POLARITY OF THE INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE.
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862-02701 Chapter 2
5. Make-off the 120 tributary input and output connections and connect to the IDU. Alternately, if a D-Sub / BNC Patch Panel is utilized, connect the 75 coaxial tributary connectors to the inputs and outputs as required. See Appendix A at the end of this chapter for the pin details of the relevant tributary connector type. Ensure that all unused tributaries are disabled.
Installing the Indoor Unit/Outdoor Unit Interconnection Cable
Parts and Accessories Supplied for Installation

The parts and accessories listed in Table 2-6 are supplied for the installation of the IDU/ODU Interconnection cable: Table 2-6: Parts and Accessories supplied for the Interconnection Cable Installation Description N-Type connector Grounding kit Sure Arrestor Kit Qty 1* 1* 1* Remarks For LMR400 type cable or equivalent For LMR400 type cable or equivalent 1x Sure Arrestor 2x N-type connectors Waterproofing kit 1 1x Butyl tape 2x Insulation tape * For a 1+1 System amount will double
Customer Furnished Equipment Required

The typical customer furnished equipment listed in Table 2-7 is required for the installation of the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable: Table 2-7: Equipment and Material required for the Interconnection Cable Installation Description Cable ties or clamps Tools for making off the IF cable Qty A/R A/R Remarks To secure the cable to the mast at regular intervals. LMR400 and or LMR600 size crimping tool
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Chapter 2
Installation Procedure
For full installation details refer to the Tellumat Installation Specification for Microwave Radios document, document number 870-34857.
CAUTIONS DO NOT EXCEED THE RECOMMENDED BENDING RADIUS.
1. Appendix B on page 2-25 provides the information required to terminate the relevant cables. 2. Allowing for a small amount of cable slack ( 0.5 m), secure the IDU/ODU interconnection cable at the top of the mast to within comfortable reach of the ODU and connect it to the ODU. 3. The cable should be earthed to the mast within one metre of the outdoor unit. Make use of the connector manufacturers tool to prepare the cable for the earth kit. 4. Fasten the cable down the mast at suitable intervals, using the large plastic cable straps or mounting clamps, to the entrance of the Radio Room. 5. If a Bulkhead Surge Arrestor is utilised, terminate the cable at the entrance to the Radio Room with a customer supplied N-type (M) connector and connect the cable to the Bulkhead Surge Arrestor and seal the connector with self-vulcanising tape. 6. The surge arrestor should be suitably earthed using the nut and screw insert provided. 7. An Internal Cable can now be made off with an N-type (M) connector and the TNC (M) right angled connector. 8. Connect the cable between the surge arrestor and the IDU and secure with clamps or cable ties.
Installing a 1+1 Protected System

A 1+1 Protected System is when two (2) Outdoor Units and Antennas are connected to a 1+1 Protection Indoor Unit. The same installation procedure should be followed as for the 1+0 system, the difference being that an additional Outdoor Unit must be installed at both ends. There is also an option to use a single antenna and two ODUs with a coupling device or a single dual polarised antenna. However, this option does not allow for space diversity. Parts and accessories supplied would be duplicated for the Outdoor Unit and the Interconnection Cable depending on the desired configuration. The Outdoor Units and antennas should be installed according to the planning documentation for the particular hop. The main Outdoor Unit Page 2-16 Issue 4 (October 2009)
862-02701 Chapter 2
should be connected to Modem A (bottom) and the secondary Outdoor Unit should be connected to Modem B (top) on the Indoor Unit. Note that the 1+1 Indoor Unit has two coaxial cable interfaces.
System Commissioning
After completing the physical installation of the Antenna, Indoor Unit, Outdoor Unit, Interconnection Cable, the System requires commissioning. This procedure describes how to set up the minimum requirements for successful operation.
Equipment Required
a. Digital Transmission Analyser: b. E1 Tester for TDM traffic including 75 or 120 test cables. c. Ethernet Tester and Responder (Ethernet loopback device) for Ethernet traffic. d. Digital Volt Meter (DVM), for measuring voltages and continuity.
Information Required Prior to Commissioning

The following information must be known prior to commissioning the System. This should be available from the planning documentation: a. Transmit and Receive frequency per station or the Tellumat channel number. b. Item a. (above) will also determine whether the Co-polar or Crosspolar frequency selection should be used. c. Transmit power level. d. Expected receive signal strength as per link hop calculation.
Commissioning Procedure
Setting-up Procedure The following steps must be performed at both stations: 1. Switch the IDU power ON. 2. Switch the ODU ON 3. Set the following Outdoor Unit parameters as required: a. Channel setting for the relevant frequency plan. This may require the co-or cross polar frequency plan to be selected. Record the setting in Appendix E on page 2-31. Page 2-17 Issue 4 (October 2009)
Chapter 2
b. Transmit power level. Record setting in Appendix E on page 2-31. NOTE: Refer to Chapter 7 for a description of the management tools available for configuration
Beaming-up Procedure 1. Use a suitable BNC to banana plug cable to connect the DVM to the BNC (F) connector on the ODU. 2. Locate the far end station using binoculars, a mirror, compass, dead reckoning or any other suitable method. 3. Loosen the adjustment nuts to coarsely adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antenna (see antenna manufacturers instructions for details) 4. Observe the voltage displayed on the DVM and coarsely adjust the antenna azimuth and elevation until the approximate Receive Signal Level (RSL) is obtained (see Table 2-8 below). Table 2-8: RSSI to Voltage Conversion ODU 6 to 38 GHz ODU Conversion Factor RSL (dBm) = 15.77*Vrssi 91.58 Notes Range 0.1V (-90dBm) to 4.5V (-20dBm). The higher the voltage the stronger the Rx level. Range 1V (-20dBm) to 4.5V (-90dBm). The lower the voltage the stronger the Rx level.
4.5 GHz ODU
RSL (dBm) = -20*Vrssi
NOTE: To ensure a more predictable beaming result, ONLY one of the two antennas in the link is beamed-up at a time. 5. Adjust the azimuth and elevation fine adjustment nuts on the antenna mount until the best voltage is attained. During this procedure you may see three significant voltage dips/peaks. These dips/peaks signify the main and side lobes. Ensure that you adjust the antenna according to the best voltage dip/peak, which signifies the main lobe. The other voltage dips/peaks signify the side lobes. 6. Verify the Receive Signal Strength reading (in dBm) on the IDU to be within 4 dB of the predicted level. If it is low on both sides of the link, you might have beamed up on a side lobe of the antenna, there may be a polarisation issue, a path obstacle or antenna fault. 7. Lock the fine adjustment nuts on the antenna mounting bracket securely, using the lock nuts. 8. While ensuring that the alignment is not affected, tighten the coarse adjustment nuts. 9. Verify the Receive Signal Strength reading remains correct after tightening the nuts.
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862-02701 Chapter 2
Link Error Performance Test for E1 Traffic 1. Set the DTA to the appropriate data rate, code and pattern, i.e. HDB3 code and 2 x 10-15 PRBS pattern. 2. Using external data cables loop back the tributary outputs to their next input (see Figure 2-8 on page 2-19 for an example). 3. Enable all tributaries on TUG1 using the configuration tool and connect the DTA to the tributary inputs and outputs of the IDU (Trib 1 to Trib 4). 4. Using the DTA, perform a long duration (typically between 12 and 96 hours) residual BER test. 5. Confirm operation of TUGs 2, 3 & 4 by performing a short duration (typically hour) residual BER test, as described in steps 3 & 4. The error performance for the link should meet the objectives set out in ITU recommendation G.826. A condensed version of these objectives is provided below.
LOCAL IDU TUG1 TRIB1 TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIB3 TRIB4 TRIB4 IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
LOCAL ODU
REMOTE ODU
REMOTE IDU TUG1 TRIB1 TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIB3 TRIB4 TRIB4 IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION ANALY SER (DTA)
Figure 2-8: Typical Link Test Configuration (4 x 2 Mbps), utilising TUG1
Link Performance Test Objectives 1. Link performance should be measured in Recommendation G.826 performance criteria. terms of ITU-T
2. The acceptance criteria for Bringing into Service (also known as the BIS objective) are laid down in ITU-T Recommendation M.2100. From this recommendation, based on the test duration, the maximum number of Errored Seconds (ES) and Severely Errored Seconds (SES) can be calculated. 3. It is recommended that the minimum commissioning test duration be 24 hours. 4. With the commissioning test set up as per Figure 2 - 8, the maximum number of ES and SES is calculated as follows: Max No. ES Where n= number of primary rate (2.048 Mbit/s) tributaries being tested. For example, with 4x2 Mbit/s system, n = 4. t= Page 2-19 test duration in secs (where 1 day = 24 hours = 86400 secs) Issue 4 (October 2009) = n x Integer Value {(34.5 x t (secs)) / 86400 11.8}
Chapter 2
Max No. SES = n x Integer Value {(1.73 x t (secs)) / 86400 2} Where n= number of primary rate (2.048 Mbit/s) tributaries being tested. For example, with 4x2 Mbit/s system, n = 4. t= test duration in secs (where 1 day = 24 hours = 86400 secs)
5. Applied to the 4x2 Mbit/s system, with total test duration of 24 hours, the limits would be as follows: Max No. ES = 92 0
Max No. SES =
Commissioning a 1+1 Protected System

A 1+1 Protected System has two possible two modes of operation: Dual Path Protection Mode (frequency diversity), or Hot Standby Protection Mode (space diversity)
If the same frequencies are selected for both Outdoor Units A and B, the HighReach System will operate in the Hot Standby Mode (the transmit power of one Outdoor Unit will be muted). If different frequencies are selected for Outdoor Units A and B, then the HighReach System will operate in the Dual Path mode and both Outdoor Units will transmit. To commission a 1+1 Protected System, follow the same commissioning procedure as for a 1+0 System, however, perform the following additional tests (see Table 2-9 below): Table 2-9: Additional Commissioning Tests for a 1+1 System Test to be performed Beaming up procedure and recording of Rx levels. Link Performance Test AL = Outdoor Unit A Local BL = Outdoor Unit B Local Active Outdoor Units AL - AR Yes Yes BL - BR Yes Yes AL - BR Check Rx level No BL - AR Check Rx level No
AR = Outdoor Unit A Remote BR = Outdoor Unit B Remote
NOTES: If the system is going to be working in the Dual Path Mode, the A B and B A checks must be omitted. Ensure that once all tests have been done, the system is put into AUTO MODE at both ends of the link.
Page 2-20
Appendix A: HDR5 External Connector Pin Details
Indoor Unit Connector Pin Details

Table 2-10 below identifies the pin details for each IDU connector. Table 2-10: Indoor Unit Connector Pin Details O&M Bridge (A & B) &10/100 BASE T 8-pin Ethernet RJ45 Connectors Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Label TX_D1+ TX_D1RX_D1+ Not used Not used RX_D1Not used Not used Description Transmit Data (+) Transmit Data (-) Receive Data (+) Not used Not used Receive Data (-) Not used Not used
2 3
4 5
6 7
O&M (J2): USB B-Type Female Connector Pin

2 1
Label V-Bus DD+ GND Shell
Description +5 Volts Data (-) Data (+) Ground Shiled
1 2 3 4 Shell
ODU (J32): TNC Female Bulkhead Connector Pin inner Label Inner Description Composite lF to / from ODU Screen / Drain
outer Outer
DC Input: 2-pin Wieland Polarised 8213 Type
+ DC -
Pin
Label VOINP+ VOINP-
Description Positive Negative
+ -
Issue 3 (August 2009)
Page 2-21
Table 2-10: Indoor Unit Connector Pin Details Auxiliary I/O Connector: DB 9 Female connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Assignment Output Alarm 1 Return Output Alarm 1 N/C Output Alarm 1 N/O Output Alarm 2 Return Output Alarm 2 N/C Output Alarm 2 N/O Input Alarm 1 Input Alarm 2 Ground
Note: N/O =Normally Open N/C = Normally Close
4E1 Tributaries - 75 / 120 : 25-pin D-type Female Connectors Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Assignment GND Trib 2 In Trib 2 In GND Trib 2 Out Trib 2 Out GND GND Trib 1 In Trib 1 In GND Trib 1 Out Trib 1 Out Trib 3 Out Trib 3 Out GND Trib 3 In Trib 3 In GND Trib 4 Out Trib 4 Out GND Trib 4 In Trib 4 In GND
13 12 11 10 9
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
Page 2-22
Outdoor Unit Connector Pin Details

Table 2-11 below identifies the pin details for each ODU connector. Table 2-11: Outdoor Unit Connector Pin Details IDU: N-Type Female Bulkhead Connector Pin inner Label Inner Description Composite IF to / from IDU Shield / Drain
outer Outer
RSSI: BNC Type Female Bulkhead Connector, with cover Pin inner Label Inner Description Receive Signal Strength Indicator voltage (+ve) Common Return / Ground
outer Outer
Patch Panel Layout

For the 75 Ohm BNC tributary interface option a separate patch panel is provided Figure 2-9 illustrates the layout of the external Patch Panel which is available for 4 x 2; 8 x 2 and 16 x 2 Mbit/s 75 BNC or alternatively on customer request. When using the external Patch Panel, connect the cables per tributary to the correct Tributary User Group (TUG) see Table 2-12 below.
Figure 2-9: 16 x 2 Mbit/s Patch Panel Layout
Page 2-23
Tributary (Trib) Layout versus the Tributary User Groups

Table 2-12: Tributary Layout Vs TUG 4E1 TUG 1 TUG 2 TUG 3 TUG 4 Bottom left (Tribs 1-4) 8E1 Bottom left (Tribs 1-4) Bottom right (Tribs 5-8) 16E1 Bottom left (Tribs 1-4) Bottom right (Tribs 5-8) Top left (Tribs 9-12) Top right (Tribs 13-16)
NOTE: For a 32E1 system a further top level of 16E1 tributaries is supplied in a 2U system with TUGs 5 to 8 arranged in the same way as TUGs 1 to 4 on the bottom level.
Page 2-24
862-02701 Chapter 2 Appendix B
Appendix B: Assembly Instruction Example for LMR400 Cable

These instructions apply to the N-Type (see Figure 2-10) and TNC Right Angle (see Figure 2-11) connectors, these instructions were written for qualified and experienced personnel. Please read them carefully before starting work. Tools and Materials Crimping Tool for LMR400 or relevant cable size, Measuring tape (with mm graduations), Cable Knife or Stripping tool (optional) and Soldering iron required for TNC R/A.
Figure 2-10: N-type Connector
Page 2-25
Chapter 2 Appendix B
Figure 2-11: TNC & N-Type Right Angle Connector NOTE: The TNC Right Angel connector inner pin must be soldered.
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862-02701 Chapter 2 Appendix C
Appendix C: Antenna Installation

It is important to mount the antenna exactly as described in the installation instruction supplied with each antenna. Note that the installation instruction has been written for qualified, skilled personnel.
Polarization
The procedure to change the antenna from VERTICAL to HORIZONTAL polarization is given in Figure 2-12 below.
Figure 2-12: Changing Antenna Polarization from Vertical to Horizontal Issue 3 (August 2009) Page 2-27
Chapter 2 Appendix C
NOTE: The feed is a precision component which should be handled with special care during installation. Any damage may degrade the antennas performance. Repair of feeds is not possible in the field.
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862-02701 Chapter 2 Appendix D
Appendix D: Example of a Installation Check List

SITE INFORMATION Customer: Radio model: Site name: Site code: ANTENNA MOUNTING Antenna mount type: Mount is of sufficient height to clear local obstructions. Mount is safely positioned to not cause a safety hazard Mount is secure and perpendicular. Mount is grounded as per site specifications. All U-bolts tightened correctly & have lock nuts. All post-fabrication steelwork cuts are coated. ANTENNA Antenna types (models and sizes): Antenna is securely fixed to mount Antenna is grounded as per site specifications Antenna sway braces are installed correctly (where applicable) Antenna Radome is securely fitted (where applicable) Water drain plugs are fitted and removed as appropriate Antennas sealing O-Ring is properly fitted and not damaged Antenna launcher polarization set using spirit level as per link requirements All U-bolts tightened correctly & have lock nuts OUTDOOR UNIT Type of ODU mount: ODU is securely mounted on to the antenna or pole ODU is grounded as per installation instructions ODUs polarization is as per link requirements ODU is installed properly and has no physical damage Remote-mount kit is securely mounted to the pole Wave-guide has no physical damage and connectors are sealed LOCAL SITE : REMOTE SITE : LOCAL SITE : REMOTE SITE : LOCAL SITE : REMOTE SITE :
Page 2-29

All wave-guide bolts are secured using washers and lock-washers as appropriate Flexible wave-guide is secured to the pole to avoid flapping in wind All bolts/nuts tightened correctly & pole mount nuts have lock nuts IDU-ODU COAX CABLE Overall cables length: Cable type: N-Type connectors assembled properly to the cable Cable connected securely to ODU and IDU Cable connectors all weather-proofed (sealed) outdoors At ODU the cable has a service/drip loop to prevent moisture from entering the connector Cable is secured using suitable restraints to fixed points at regular intervals (<=1m) Cable has no sharp bends, kinks or crushed areas. Grounding / Lightning protection is as per site specifications, e.g. arrestors facing correct way, good connection to local ground Lightning protection type and model: Cables point-of-entry to the building/shelter is weather-proof Cables ends are properly labelled RACK MOUNTED MODEM UNITS Rack is securely mounted at top or bottom Modems securely mounted in the rack in correct position per plan Modems located in a properly ventilated environment Modems and rack are grounded as per site specifications Traffic cables and connections are properly terminated as per manufacturers/cables instructions All cabling is secured and tidy All Labelling is done for IF cable DC POWER SUPPLY Measured DC voltage input to the modem Modem Power-Supply breaker rating: Power-Supply is properly grounded DC power backup type: Modem DC connector is secure and the DC input leads are correctly terminated (no bare wires are visible) Modem DC connector (+) and (-) leads are correctly energized (polarized) All Circuit breakers and cables are labelled LOCAL SITE : LOCAL SITE : LOCAL SITE :
Chapter 2 Appendix D
REMOTE SITE :
REMOTE SITE :
REMOTE SITE :
Page 2-30
862-02701 Chapter 2 Appendix E
Appendix E: Example of a Commissioning Check List

Site A Site ID Site B
INDOOR UNIT
Model Protection HDR5 Part Number / NSN Serial Number Software IDC / MUX IDM / Modem FR Parameters TX Frequency: RX Frequency: TX Power (dBm): Predicted RX Level from Path Loss (dBm): RX Power (dBm): IP Information IP Address Mask Gateway SNMP IP Polling time (HDR5) Alarms Front Panel LEDs green All Alarms cleared Left/Top Right / Bottom Left/Top Right / Bottom Left/Top Right / Bottom Left/Top Right / Bottom Left/Top Right / Bottom Left/Top Right / Bottom
OUTDOOR UNIT (S)

Part Number Serial Number ODU Software Radio Vertical / Horizontal mounted Deviation from expected Rx Level > 4dB? Yes / No
Page 2-31
Chapter 2 Appendix E
ANTENNA (S)
Type: Size: Manufacturer: Mounting Type: Vertical / Horizontal
SOAK TEST
Error-free 6/12/24 Hour test
NMS
Unit on visible NMS Ref number REMARKS/NOTES
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Chapter 3:
Fault Diagnosis

Chapter 3: Fault Diagnosis ............................................................................................. 3-1 Introduction to Chapter 3 ................................................................................................ 3-3 Important Note to Fault Diagnosis .................................................................................. 3-3 Techniques and Traffic Interruption ............................................................................ 3-3 Fault Diagnosis for 1+1 Protected System .................................................................. 3-3 Fault Diagnosis............................................................................................................... 3-4 Diagnosis Tools .......................................................................................................... 3-4 Link and Alarm LEDs............................................................................................... 3-4 Configuration Tool/Webpage Diagnosis Tools ........................................................ 3-5 Network Management System................................................................................. 3-5 Available Loopback Options .................................................................................... 3-5 IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable Diagnosis ............................................................. 3-8 Generic Procedure for Fault-Finding ........................................................................... 3-9 Remote Fault Diagnosis via Web Access ................................................................. 3-10 Example 1 Transmitter/Receiver Fault................................................................ 3-10 Example 2 Transmitter Power Control Fault ....................................................... 3-13 Example 3 Communication Fault ........................................................................ 3-15 Example 4 Tx IF Level Fault ............................................................................... 3-16 Diagnosing the Faulty FRU at the Local Site ................................................................ 3-18 Fault Resolution ........................................................................................................ 3-22 Removal and Replacement Procedures ....................................................................... 3-23 IDU (Indoor Unit) from a 19" or ETSI Rack ............................................................... 3-23 Removal ................................................................................................................ 3-23 Replacement ......................................................................................................... 3-23 ODU (Outdoor Unit) .................................................................................................. 3-23 Removal Procedure............................................................................................... 3-24 Replacement Procedure........................................................................................ 3-24 IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable ............................................................................... 3-24 Removal Procedure............................................................................................... 3-24 Replacement Procedure........................................................................................ 3-25

Figure 3-1: Loopback Options............................................................................................ 3-6 Figure 3-2: Tx/Rx Fault Example Alarm Status Page .................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-3: Tx/Rx Fault Example - Alarm Log Page ......................................................... 3-11 Figure 3-4: Alarm Status Page after Tx/Rx Problem Cleared ........................................... 3-12 Figure 3-5: Tx/Rx Fault Example - Alarms cleared........................................................... 3-12 Figure 3-6: Power Control Fault Alarm Status Page...................................................... 3-13 Figure 3-7: Power Control Fault - Alarm Log.................................................................... 3-13 Figure 3-8: Power Control Fault as Seen on Far Side...................................................... 3-14 Figure 3-9: Performance Logs of Far Side to a Power Control Fault................................ 3-15
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Figure 3-10: Communication Fault ................................................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-11: Tx IF Level Fault Alarm Status Page......................................................... 3-17 Figure 3-12: Tx IF Level Fault Active Alarms Page ....................................................... 3-17 Figure 3-13: Tributary Fault Diagnosis ............................................................................. 3-19 Figure 3-14: Multiplexer Fault Diagnosis .......................................................................... 3-20 Figure 3-15: Modem Fault Diagnosis ............................................................................... 3-21 Figure 3-16: ODU Fault Diagnosis ................................................................................... 3-22

Table 3-1: Indoor Unit LED Status ..................................................................................... 3-5
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This chapter will provide the technical personnel with the information necessary to diagnose and repair (by replacement of Unit) a fault on the HighReach HDR5 System. Re-commissioning information for the HighReach HDR5 System is also provided to ensure that the System is functioning correctly after repair or replacement of Field Replaceable Units (FRUs).
Important Note to Fault Diagnosis

Before proceeding with fault diagnosis, please take care to read the following important information relating to traffic interruption when conducting faultfinding tests.
Techniques and Traffic Interruption

Most faultfinding techniques require the link to go Off Air for the duration of the test. The techniques that will cause interruption are as follows: a. ODU (Outdoor Unit or RF) Loopback b. IDU (Indoor Unit or IF) Loopback c. Tributary (E1) Loopbacks (will interrupt traffic on E1 Tributary/s being tested) d. ODU (Outdoor Unit) Transmitter Mute With this in mind, if the radio link is running with a nominal bit error rate, Tellumat recommends that all attempts be made to determine the fault condition prior to traffic interruption.
Fault Diagnosis for 1+1 Protected System

Take note that in a 1+1 Protected System, the Outdoor Units are duplicated entirely, while not all of the Indoor equipment is duplicated. The common portions of the Indoor Unit are the Tributary and Ethernet interfaces, the microprocessor and the Multiplexer. Since there is not complete duplication, the traffic affecting changes listed above will cause degradation in performance of the active Protection Channel. For this reason the above techniques cannot be enabled unless the Protected System has been transferred to Manual control (by deselection of AUTO Mode).
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Alarm logs should be analysed before any interruptions to the traffic are made to ascertain the nature and location of the fault. Also, take note of the following conditions for a protected system: a. Loop-backs and configuration changes are only possible when the system is not in AUTO Mode. b. When performing RF or Modem loop-backs, traffic will always be affected. c. To avoid interruption of traffic once a fault has occurred in one of the Outdoor Units in a Protected System, the suspected faulty Outdoor Unit should be replaced rather than performing a loop-back and disrupting traffic. Alternatively, the technician should arrange down time and diagnose the fault after hours. To establish which module is faulty, the Alarm Logs Menu should be used where possible.
Fault Diagnosis
Diagnosis Tools
The HighReach HDR5 Systems fault diagnosis main tools are: 1. Front Panel LEDs 2. Configuration Tool/Webpages Alarm Status Page 3. Configuration Tool/Webpages Alarm Log 4. Configuration Tool/Webpages Performance Logs 5. Network Management Systems Alarm Logs (when applicable) 6. Loopback facilities 7. IDU/ODU cable sweep These tools are described in the following sections. Link and Alarm LEDs The link and alarm LEDs serve as the first rough fault indication. Analyse the Alarm and Link LEDs on the front panel of the IDU, as indicated in Table 3-1 below.
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Table 3-1: Indoor Unit LED Status LED Alarm (Near) Status Off Green Amber Red Alarm (Far) Off Green Amber Red Link (Near) Off Green Amber Red Link (Far) Off Green Amber Red Remarks Power off, on Local IDU. Operating - no alarm present on Local IDU. Historic failure alarm event on the Local IDU. Alarm present on Local IDU. No IP contact with Remote IDU. Operating - no alarm present on Remote IDU. Historic failure alarm event on the Remote IDU. Alarm present on Remote IDU. Power off, on Local IDU. Demodulator Locked on Local IDU. Historic Demod unlock event on the Local IDU. Demodulator Unlocked on Local IDU. No IP contact with Remote IDU. Demodulator Locked on Remote IDU. Historic Demod unlock event on the Remote IDU. Demodulator Unlocked on Remote IDU.
Configuration Tool/Webpage Diagnosis Tools The user interfaces to the HighReach HDR5 system give a user a good insight to the systems status, performance and historical events. This available information can be very useful in diagnosing a system fault. Refer to Chapter 7 Configuration Tool and Web Page sections for detailed overview of the Alarm Status, Alarm Log and Performance Logs Pages. Network Management System When the HighReach HDR5 system is linked to a Network Management System (NMS), the NMS will receive alarm notifications from the radios in the field. These alarms will be logged by the NMS and can be very useful in finding the root cause of the fault. Refer to Chapter 7; Figure 7 56 for an example of the NMSs available alarm logs. Available Loopback Options The integrity of the entire radio station (in other words the local equipment) can be verified by utilising the available Loopback options which are described in Figure 3-1, below.
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Key: 1. ODU (Outdoor Unit) Loopback - Loopback 1 Only available in 4.5GHz ODUs 2. IDU (Indoor Unit) Loopback - Loopback 2 3. Tributary to Link Loopback - Loopback 3 4. Tributary to Line Loopback - Loopback 4
Figure 3-1: Loopback Options ODU Loopback Loopback 1 - Only Available in 4.5GHz ODUs Perform an ODU (RF) Loopback at the local site as follows: 1. Connect the Digital Transmission Analyser (DTA) to one of the Tributaries. 2. Set the appropriate data rate and code on the DTA. 3. Enable the ODU Loopback option using the Configuration Tool. Refer to the Configuration Tool Operation (Chapter 7) for further detail. This test causes the Microwave RF TX signal to be down-converted to the Receiver. This results in a complete loop back of all signals at the microwave link level. If there is a link to the far side, the far side TX will be muted automatically to avoid interference. The DTA should display no data errors. If errors occur there is a fault at the Local Station and further fault diagnosis to FRU level is required (see under Diagnosing the Faulty FRU at the Local Site on page 3-18). NOTE: The ODU and IDU Loopbacks have an adjustable automatic time-out set from the configuration tool or web page.
IDU Loopback - Loopback 2 The IDU terminal has the capability to loop back the transmit IF signal, to the ODU, back to the receive IF signal input, from the ODU. Loopback 2 is activated to determine if there is a fault with the Local IDU.
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Perform an IDU Loopback at the local site as follows: 1. Connect the Digital Transmission Analyser (DTA) to one of the Tributaries. 2. Set the appropriate data rate and code on the DTA. 3. Switch off the ODU connected to the IDU. 4. Enable the Modem Loopback option using the Configuration Manager software, either by USB / Laptop direct access or via web access through a remote PC Management system. (Refer to chapter 7) This test causes the modulated IF signal (transmitted on the coaxial cable to the ODU) to be down converted to the incoming IF frequency (from the ODU) while the ODU receive IF is disconnected. This results in a loop back of all signals transmitted to the ODU, causing them to be demodulated and de-multiplexed, and output on the associated output connectors. The DTA should display no data errors. If errors occur, there is a fault on the local IDU. If no failures occur, the local IDU can be declared as OK. NOTE: The ODU (Outdoor Unit) and IDU (Indoor Unit) Loopbacks have an automatic adjustable time-out set from the configuration tool or web page.
Trib. (Baseband) to Link Loopback - Loopback 3 Tributary to link loopback is used only when the link is up. In this loopback, data recovered from the E1 line will be transmitted over the link and back onto the E1 line to the customer i.e. the NRZ data is looped back to the line after going over the link and back. To perform a Baseband Loopback to link test, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the Transmitter of the Digital Transmission Analyser (DTA) to an input tributary connector of the IDU. 2. Connect the Receiver of the DTA to the corresponding output tributary connector. 3. Enable the Tributary to Link Loopback option of the far IDUs corresponding Tributary by accessing its web interface. (Refer to Chapter 7). If a failure occurs, use the alternate Loopbacks, IDU, ODU etc., to diagnose the fault. Trib. (Baseband) to Line Loopback Tests - Loopback 4 Tributary to Line Loopback is performed to determine if a failure occurred in the 2Mbps line interface section of the IDU. This Loopback test is done on a per tributary basis.
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Customer data at the Tributary input of the IDU is looped back to the Tributary output data to the customer. In this loopback, data recovered from the E1 line will be transmitted back onto the E1 line to the customer i.e. the NRZ data is looped back to the line. To perform a Baseband Loopback test, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the Transmitter of the Digital Transmission Analyser (DTA) to an input tributary connector of the IDU. 2. Connect the Receiver of the DTA to the corresponding output tributary connector. 3. Enable the Tributary to Line Loopback option by using the Configuration Manager software, either by USB / Laptop direct access or via web access through a remote PC Management system. (Refer to Chapter 7). If no failure occurs, the wiring to the IDU and the Tributary input is OK. If a failure occurs, either the connection or Tributary input is faulty. IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable Diagnosis The IDU/ODU interconnecting cable diagnosis is done by performing the following test: 1. Switch off the IDU and disconnect both ends of the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable. 2. Check that there is a high resistance between the centre conductor and the cable screen (> 1 MOhm). 3. Short one end of the cable (inner to outer conductor) and check that the resistance between the inner and outer conductors measured at the other end is less than 10 Ohm. An alternative test can be done using a cable sweeper (refer to the user instructions for the cable sweeper instrument used): 1. Switch off the IDU and disconnect both ends of the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable. 2. Connect a 50 Ohm impedance terminator to the one side of the cable and the sweeper to the other. 3. Run a sweep on the cable and determine the return loss. It should be less than 20dB. If either of the readings given in steps 2 or 3 in the first test or step 3 in the second test are not within the specified limits, the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable can be considered faulty and should be replaced / repaired. See IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable under Removal and Replacement Procedures below.
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Generic Procedure for Fault-Finding

To ensure the minimum down-time of the HighReach HDR5 System, fault diagnosis is divided into two distinct categories: a. Diagnosing the most likely Faulty Site (Near or Far). b. Diagnosing the Faulty FRU at the Site [IDU (Indoor Unit), ODU (Outdoor Unit) or IDU/ODU Interconnection cable]. Fault finding and diagnostics on the HDR5 has been enhanced by the inclusion of detailed alarm and performance logs which allow the user to view the sequence of events that led to a particular fault and so deduce the root cause of the fault. It is recommended to try and perform a remote diagnosis prior to arriving at the site (by accessing the units Webpage and management system logs) but this is not always possible. When accessing a problematic site, follow the following steps: 1. DO NOT CLEAR/RESET ANYTHING YET! 2. Save on the PC the near units screen dumps of: Alarm Status page Build History page Configuration page
3. Save the near units following logs: Alarm log Performance log 15 min interval (of aggregate and links when applicable) Performance log 30 day summary (of aggregate and links when applicable) If there is an Ethernet traffic fault, save the Ethernet performance logs as well
4. If it is possible to access the far side (physically or over the link), save the above screen dumps and logs of the far side. It is highly recommended to get this information from the far side! 5. Once all information above is collected and SAVED, corrective actions can be taken. It is very important to keep a detailed log of the actions taken and their results. 6. If the fault was cleared due to some corrective action, save the new state and logs of the units and only then clear the alarm logs. 7. Send your report together with the saved screen dumps and logs to the relevant Tellumat representative for further assessment and record. Tellumat values the input and feedback received from all HDR5 users and utilises this information to release improvements and enhancements for the system.
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Remote Fault Diagnosis via Web Access

When a link is reported faulty it is always recommended to perform an initial remote diagnosis. This can assist in finding the root cause of the fault and which is the faulty site. This remote diagnosis can be done using the alarm logs on the management server and by accessing the webpage of the units involved. Two of the most powerful diagnostic tools available to a user are the Alarm Log and Performance Logs which are saved in each HDR5 IDU. The following sections will describe a few examples of common faults and how they can be diagnosed remotely. Alarm status examples are shown from the configuration tool and web page. Example 1 Transmitter/Receiver Fault In the following example, a link is reported to be down and remote access can only be gained onto the one side of the link. Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3 below are the screen dumps of the alarm status page and the alarm log.
Figure 3-2: Tx/Rx Fault Example Alarm Status Page It can be seen from the alarm status page that: a. Link is down (Link LED is red and far LEDs are grey) b. MUX is unlocked (Frame Lock LED is red) c. Modem Rx is unlocked d. Modem SNR is below threshold e. ODU RSSI is below threshold
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These alarms can also be seen on the alarm log of the unit which is displayed in Figure 3-3 below. The added advantage is that the alarms have a time-stamp (another available tool which is not displayed here is the active alarm log).
Figure 3-3: Tx/Rx Fault Example - Alarm Log Page By looking at these alarms, it is easy to determine that the root cause or root alarm is the ODU RSSI alarm. The MUX frame lock, Modem SNR and modem Rx Lock alarms are all due to the fact that the ODU receive signal is too low. The ODU RSSI was logged last only due to the fact that this parameter is not polled as frequently as the others. There can be many reasons for this fault and they can be split into two main categories transmitter fault on far side or receiver fault on near side. If ODU loopback is feasible, switch it on to prove that the receiver on the near ODU is functioning correctly. Once a receiver fault is ruled out, the next step is to determine what the fault on the far side is. The common possibilities are: Unit is off (e.g. power failure) ODU is off ODU is muted ODU set on wrong channel Faulty ODU Faulty Cable Faulty antenna/ bad alignment
To verify which of the above is the reason for the link loss, one needs to gain access to the far side and investigate the alarms on the far unit.
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In the above example, the far ODU was muted. Figure 3-4 and Figure 3-5 show the Alarm Status and Alarm Log pages after clearing the problem. It can be seen that when the link was restored and all alarms were cleared; a new alarm was triggered MUX BER. This is due to the short period when the MUX is regaining lock and many frames are being lost at that time. This alarm will be cleared within a few minutes. Overall the link was down for approximately two minutes. This can also be viewed in the performance logs as unavailable second period (see Example 2 on page 3-13).
Figure 3-4: Alarm Status Page after Tx/Rx Problem Cleared
Figure 3-5: Tx/Rx Fault Example - Alarms cleared
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Example 2 Transmitter Power Control Fault Once again in the following example a link is reported down and only one side can be accessed. The unit with a Tx Power Control fault would typically have the alarm status and alarm log pages shown below in Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7:
Figure 3-6: Power Control Fault Alarm Status Page
Figure 3-7: Power Control Fault - Alarm Log
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From Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7 above, it is clear that a power control fault has caused the far side to lose its link. The status on the far side is displayed in the Figure 3-8 below.
Figure 3-8: Power Control Fault as Seen on Far Side To resolve this fault, the ODU must be replaced on the side with the power control alarm. Another useful tool to view is the performance log of the units involved. Figure 3-9 below shows some of the performance log of the far side unit. From this slice of log the following information can be deducted: a. The unit ran error free until approximately 14:30 b. It was switched off between 14:30 and 14:45 and then on again 27 seconds before 14:45. It had no communications with ODU at the time (both max and min RSL are at -100) c. It was switched off again between 14:45 and 15:00 and then on 67 seconds before 15:00. The link was down throughout this time. d. The link was up for 647 seconds between 15:00 and 15:15 e. The link was down for 253 seconds between 15:00 and 15:15 and for 283 seconds between 15:15 and 15:30. f. By correlating these facts with the alarm logs, it can be determined that the power control fault on the other side occurred at around 15:10 and was cleared at around 15:20
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Figure 3-9: Performance Logs of Far Side to a Power Control Fault Example 3 Communication Fault This example describes a communication fault between the IDU and ODU. There can be several possible reasons for a communication fault: a. Faulty Cable b. Faulty ODU c. Faulty IDU PSU The ODU does not switch on d. No ODU is connected e. Wrong modem setting and hardware (6 38GHz ODUs and 4.5GHz ODU use different modems) f. Faulty Modem board g. Faulty MUX board Figure 3-10 below shows the alarm status page of a unit that is experiencing a communication fault.
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Figure 3-10: Communication Fault A communication fault with the ODU can affect the performance of the link. In the above figure it can be seen that the far side of the link had lost lock of the received signal. That means that the loss of communication to the ODU has also affected the transmitted signal (but not the received signal). A PSU fault can be ruled out since the ODU voltage and current look correct (40V, 0.6A). To rule out a MUX and Modem boards fault, modem loopback can be performed (if both modem and MUX lock, the fault is somewhere else). Finally the cable should be tested with a cable sweeper. If the cable is not faulty, the ODU should be replaced. Example 4 Tx IF Level Fault A Tx IF Level fault can be due to one or more of the following three components being faulty: a. Cable b. ODU c. Modem If modem loopback is successful, it is very unlikely that the modem is at fault. The cable should be swept and if the sweep is fine, it is safe to assume that the ODU is the source of the fault. Figure 3-11 and Figure 3-12 display the alarm status page and current alarm log of a unit with Tx IF Level fault.
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Figure 3-11: Tx IF Level Fault Alarm Status Page
Figure 3-12: Tx IF Level Fault Active Alarms Page The information shown in Figure 3-11 and Figure 3-12 relates to a unit with an excessively long cable (over 300m). It should be noted that the modem SNR has dropped to 18dBm which is a common result for a cable fault and can assist in diagnosis.
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Diagnosing the Faulty FRU at the Local Site

After arriving at the suspected faulty site, the next step is to determine the faulty FRU, i.e. IDU, ODU or IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable. This is done so that the FRU can be replaced, thus ensuring minimum downtime of the HighReach HDR5 System. When arriving at a problematic site for fault finding, first check the following parameters: 1. Is the IDU powered up? 2. CLR button LED Is it flashing orange? The flashing LED indicates normal operation of the MCU. 3. Status LED Is there a link, alarm and is a far side detected? 4. Modem LED is the modem configured (if all LED are orange, there is a configuration problem on one of the boards)? Is the modem locked and selected to transmit? The answers to these four simple questions can sometimes indicate the source of the problem or at least eliminate some possibilities. If the questions above did not provide enough insight, the following process should be followed when diagnosing a fault: 1. Connect to the IDU using a USB cable; open the Configuration (Config) Tool application and login. If the connection failed, check the following: Is baud rate setup on Config Tool correct (see Figure 7 2 in Chapter 7 ) Is the selected com port actually connected to the CP2101 device (check in device manager) Are you using the correct version of Config Tool (Error message appears Response is incorrect) Are the CP2101 drivers installed correctly on the PC (no yellow question mark on the port at device manager) Try unplugging and plugging the USB cable again Can you access the unit via the webpage
2. If all is in order but still no connection to the unit, try and reboot it. If the connection is still down Faulty MCU and MUX board. 3. Observe the alarm status page and the active alarm log to determine the units status 4. Refer to the relevant flow chart below according to the type of fault: Figure 3-13: Tributary Fault Diagnosis on page 3-19. Figure 3-14: Multiplexer Fault Diagnosis on page 3-20. Figure 3-15: Modem Fault Diagnosis on page 3-21. Figure 3-16: ODU Fault Diagnosis on page 3-22.
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Figure 3-13: Tributary Fault Diagnosis
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Figure 3-14: Multiplexer Fault Diagnosis
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Figure 3-15: Modem Fault Diagnosis
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Figure 3-16: ODU Fault Diagnosis
Fault Resolution
The final step after going through the diagnosis process and finding the fault is to fix it. It is recommended to arrive at site with spares for all the field replaceable units of a HighReach HDR5 System. 1. Follow the replacement procedure of the relevant faulty part in the section below. 2. Restart the system and make sure that the fault has been resolved and that the link is up and running. 3. Clear all the alarm logs on both near and far units. 4. Send the faulty part back to Tellumat together with the fault reports as specified in section Generic Procedure for Fault Finding.
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Removal and Replacement Procedures
IDU (Indoor Unit) from a 19" or ETSI Rack

Removal To remove the IDU from a rack proceed as follows: 1. Switch off the power supply to the IDU. 2. Disconnect all cables and connections from the IDU. 3. Remove the four M6 screws securing the IDU to the rack. 4. Gently remove the IDU by sliding it out from the front of the rack. Replacement Replacement of the IDU is the reverse of the removal procedure. Torque the M6 screws to 4.5 Nm.
ODU (Outdoor Unit)

WARNING WHEN POWERED UP, THE ODU EMITS MICROWAVE RADIATION. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY INTO THE WAVE GUIDE PORT AS DAMAGE TO SENSITIVE BODY TISSUE CAN RESULT.
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CAUTIONS ENSURE THAT THE POWER SUPPLY IS DISCONNECTED WHEN REMOVING OR REPLACING THE ODU. IF THE IDU/ODU CABLE IS INSTALLED, CHECK THAT THE IDU POWER SUPPLY IS SWITCHED OFF BEFORE ASCENDING THE MAST. OBSERVE ALL PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR INSTALLATION ON A MAST OR OTHER EXPOSED ENVIRONMENTS. ONLY THE COMPLETE ODU IS FIELD REPLACEABLE. ODU MODULES MUST BE REPLACED IN A CERTIFIED WORKSHOP ENVIRONMENT. Removal Procedure Remove an ODU as follows: 1. Switch OFF the power to the ODU using the Configuration Tool. 2. Remove the Connector Shroud and waterproofing of the ODU connector. 3. Disconnect the cable connected to the ODU. 4. Unclip the four lever clips securing the ODU to the antenna. 5. Remove the ODU. Replacement Procedure Replacement of the ODU is the reverse of the removal procedure.
IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable

Removal Procedure Remove the cable as follows: 1. Switch OFF the power to the ODU using the Configuration Manager. 2. Remove the Connector Shroud and waterproofing from the ODU connector. 3. Disconnect the IDU/ODU Interconnection cable from the ODU at the top of the mast.
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4. Remove cable earth kits. 5. Disconnect the IDU/ODU Interconnection cable from the bulkhead surge arrestor connected to the IDU at the radio room interface. 6. Starting at the top of the mast, cut all cable straps securing the cable to the mast. 7. Remove the cable. Replacement Procedure Replacement of the IDU/ODU Interconnection cable is the reverse of the removal procedure.
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Chapter 4: Routine and Scheduled Maintenance

Chapter 4: Routine and Scheduled Maintenance ........................................................... 4-1 Introduction to Chapter 4 ................................................................................................ 4-2 Routine Maintenance Tasks ........................................................................................... 4-2 IDU (Indoor Unit)......................................................................................................... 4-2 ODU (Outdoor Unit) .................................................................................................... 4-2 Scheduled Maintenance Tasks....................................................................................... 4-3 IDU (Indoor Unit)......................................................................................................... 4-3 ODU (Outdoor Unit) .................................................................................................... 4-3 IDU/ODU Combined Tasks ......................................................................................... 4-4
Table 4 - 1: IDU (Indoor Unit) Routine Maintenance Tasks. ............................................... 4-2 Table 4 - 2: ODU (Outdoor Unit) Routine Maintenance Tasks. .......................................... 4-2 Table 4 - 3: IDU (Indoor Unit) Scheduled Maintenance Tasks. .......................................... 4-3 Table 4 - 4: ODU (Outdoor Unit) Scheduled Maintenance Tasks. ...................................... 4-3 Table 4 - 5: IDU/ODU Combined Scheduled Maintenance Tasks. ..................................... 4-4
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This chapter provides the information required by the maintenance personnel to ensure that the HighReach HDR5 System operates to its optimum effect, i.e. minimum downtime.
Routine Maintenance Tasks

Routine Maintenance Tasks on the HDR5 System are done with the HDR5 System in service, i.e. a non-intrusive inspection. Use the Configuration Tool through direct USB access to the IDU, at the desired DRS.
IDU (Indoor Unit)

Table 4-1: IDU (Indoor Unit) Routine Maintenance Tasks Six-monthly Tasks Task Description 1 2 Check that all connectors are properly secured. Check Time and Date on IU Remarks Re-secure if required. Reset using the Configuration Manager if incorrect.
ODU (Outdoor Unit)

Table 4-2: ODU (Outdoor Unit) Routine Maintenance Tasks Six-monthly Tasks Task Description 1 2 Check clip-on fasteners are in the locked position. Check if sealing tape protecting the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable is frayed or disintegrating. Remarks Secure fasteners as required. Re-tape if necessary.
3 4 5
Check for corrosion on the external surfaces Treat as required. and connectors of the ODU (Outdoor Unit). Ensure all bolts are securely fastened. Recheck IDU and ODU set-up parameters against the initial installation check sheet, e.g. Tx power, RSSI, etc. are within specification. Re-fasten bolts if required. Review results and take appropriate action to repair if necessary.
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Scheduled Maintenance Tasks

Scheduled Maintenance Tasks require that the HDR5 System be off air for the duration of the HDR5 System maintenance, i.e. an intrusive inspection. Use the Configuration Tool and the additional Test Equipment through direct access to the IDU interfaces, at the desired DRS.
IDU (Indoor Unit)

Table 4-3: IDU (Indoor Unit) Scheduled Maintenance Tasks Annual Tasks Task Description 1 2 3 4 5 Switch off the ODU using the Configuration Tool Switch off the IDU and check that all connectors are properly secured. Connect a DTA to one of the Tributary I/Os and switch on the IDU. Check short term (1 to 2 hours) operation of Tributary and IDU Loopbacks, with a DTA. Repeat items 2, 3 & 4 with different sets of Tributary I/Os (not necessary to do all Tributaries, but a reasonable sample). Using the Configuration Tool ensure that all the IDU readings are correct and within specification, note and variance trends of voltages, currents etc. Check that the Ethernet link is operational and O&M management bridge operational. Remarks IDU Tests only to be performed at this stage. Re-secure if required. For checking error free operation of the IDU. Using a DTA ensure 0 errors are seen. Using a DTA ensure 0 errors are seen. Record readings for next scheduled maintenace visit and check against history, to pre-empt failures. Use ethernet tester for customer data. For example check VoIP phone operation
6.
7.
ODU (Outdoor Unit)

Table 4-4: ODU (Outdoor Unit) Scheduled Maintenance Tasks Annual Tasks Task Description 1 2 Check clip-on fasteners are in the locked position. Check if connectors are good and the sealing tape protecting the IDU/ODU Interconnection Cable is frayed or disintegrating. Remarks Secure fasteners as required. Re-make off connectors if necessary and/or re-tape if necessary.
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Annual Tasks Task Description 3 4 5 Check for corrosion on the external surfaces and connectors of the ODU (Outdoor Unit). Ensure all bolts are securely fastened. Switch ODU on via the Configuration Tool and activate an ODU Loopback (if available) and with DTA connected to a set of Tributary I/Os check for error free operation. Recheck set-up parameters against the initial installation check sheet, e.g. Tx power, RSSI, etc. Remarks Treat as required. Re-fasten bolts if required. Check that the RSSI is approximately -60dBm when ODU loopback is activated and check for 0 errors. Review results and take appropriate action to repair if necessary.
IDU/ODU Combined Tasks

Table 4-5: IDU/ODU Combined Scheduled Maintenance Tasks Annual Tasks Task Description Inspect status of surge arrestor. Replace surge arrestor every three years Restore the Tributaries to normal and IDU / ODU to full operation. i.e. No loopbacks, ODU receiving from Far site. Using the Configuration Tool check that the RSSI from the Far site is normal and has not drifted by more than -3dB. Using the Configuration Tool ensure that all the IDU and ODU readings are correct and within sopecification, note and variance trends of voltages, currents etc. Remarks Surger arrestor to be replaced after any lightning strike and every three years Restore HDR5 System to full opeartion, although still under Scheduled Maintenance. Checking antenna panning, repan if necessary. Record readings for next scheduled maintenace visit and check against history, to preempt failures.
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Chapter 5: Functional Description

Chapter 5: Functional Description .................................................................................. 5-1 Introduction to Chapter 5 ................................................................................................ 5-2 HighReach HDR5 System Description ........................................................................... 5-2 Standard HDR5 System.............................................................................................. 5-2 IDU (Indoor Unit) ..................................................................................................... 5-2 ODU (Outdoor Unit)................................................................................................. 5-3 Built-in Test Features .............................................................................................. 5-4 Indoor Unit Functional Description.................................................................................. 5-5 Common Modules....................................................................................................... 5-5 Functional Description ................................................................................................ 5-5 HDR5 IDU Operation............................................................................................ 5-5 Interface Section (TUG I/O Section) .................................................................... 5-6 Mux/Radioframe Section...................................................................................... 5-6 Modem Section.................................................................................................... 5-7 Microprocessor Section ....................................................................................... 5-7 PSU Section ........................................................................................................ 5-8 Outdoor Unit................................................................................................................... 5-9 Outdoor Unit Functional Description ......................................................................... 5-10 Cable Multiplexer................................................................................................... 5-10 IFM Main Board..................................................................................................... 5-11 Transmit IF up conversion ................................................................................. 5-11 Receive IF down conversion .............................................................................. 5-11 Common IF Local Oscillator............................................................................... 5-12 Transmit Local Oscillator ................................................................................... 5-12 Receiver Local Oscillator ................................................................................... 5-12 ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control ......................................................... 5-12 System Clock Reference ................................................................................... 5-12 Microwave Transmit Module.................................................................................. 5-13 Microwave Receive Module ................................................................................... 5-13 Diplexer ................................................................................................................. 5-13 Indoor Unit/Outdoor Unit Interconnection Cable ........................................................... 5-14 Antennas ...................................................................................................................... 5-15

Figure 5-1: Indoor Unit Functional Block Diagram (1U 1+0 version) .................................. 5-6 Figure 5-2: Outdoor Unit Functional Block Diagram ........................................................... 5-9
List of Tables Table

Page
Page 5-1
Table 5-1: IDU/ODU Cable Characteristics ...................................................................... 5-14
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 provides a detailed description of the HighReach HDR5 System, as well as a brief description of the Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) comprising the system. This chapter is aimed at providing the service technician with an understanding of the function and operation of the HDR5 Digital Radio Link System. The IDU type is purchased with a preset configuration in terms of data rate and modulation scheme. This configuration usually utilises a radio bandwidth of 7, 14 or 28MHz, and QPSK or 16QAM. The user may allocate the capacity to E1 traffic or Ethernet. Bandwidth for unused E1 tributaries will be assigned to Ethernet. In order to upgrade to different capacities, bandwidths and modulation schemes the user will purchase software which can be downloaded.
HighReach HDR5 System Description
Standard HDR5 System

A HDR5 Digital Radio Link (DRL) comprises two complementary Digital Radio Stations (DRS) forming a radio data link between two sites, for the transmission of digital data streams. Each DRS comprises an IDU (Indoor Unit) and ODU (Outdoor Unit), which are connected with a length of coaxial cable (IDU/ODU Interconnect Cable).
IDU (Indoor Unit)

The IDU acts as the main system control unit and provides the user interfaces. The primary IDU interfaces include: Tributary Inputs and Outputs, for User E1 Data Input and Output. A 10/100BaseT connection for User Ethernet Data Input and Output. An O&M Ethernet bridge connection for LAN connection to Web browser or SNMP management, or VoIP phone extension to other DRLs for inter-station voice communications. Alarm LEDs and Link LEDs. Auxiliary alarm inputs and outputs Issue 4 (October 2009)
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DC Power Input Connection. Operation & Maintenance USB port, for use with Configuration Tool. TNC connection for interconnect cable to ODU.
In the transmit direction, the function of the IDU is to receive multiple (up to 32) plesiochronous 2,048Mbps E1 data tributaries in HDB3 format and Ethernet traffic, and to multiplex these into a higher rate data stream called the radioframe for transmission. The multiplexing structure is dependent on the capacity of the radio and the number of E1s used. There are four capacity options: 8.5, 17, 34 or 68Mbps. Ethernet traffic is from the user port or the management port and these are handled by separate integrated switches before being multiplexed onto the radioframe. The radioframe then has a Reed Solomon encoding operation to implement Forward Error Correction (FEC) which further increases the gross data rate. This framed data is sent to the Modem module for modulation using either QPSK or 16QAM modulation. It is modulated onto a 350MHz intermediate frequency (IF) carrier (850MHz for a 4.5GHz ODU) and sent up the IF feeder cable to the ODU. In the receive direction, the IDU receives a QPSK or 16QAM modulated 140 MHz IF (70MHz for a 4.5GHz ODU) signal from the ODU. This signal is demodulated on the Modem board where carrier and clock recovery is performed as well as equalization. The recovered radioframe data is sent to the Mux module where FEC decoding and de-multiplexing is performed into the individual E1 and Ethernet data streams. The E1 tributaries are converted to outputs in HDB3 format. The IDU microprocessor is also on the Mux / Microprocessor module and controls the processes running on the IDU and ODU and the interface to the management tools. It communicates with the ODU via a separate 10MHz and 5.5MHz amplitude modulated carrier running on the same coaxial feeder cable. The -43V to power the ODU also runs on the co-axial cable. The PSU section of the IDU provides this voltage and internal voltages required by the IDU. It runs from a 22 to 57V DC external supply.
ODU (Outdoor Unit)

The HighReach ODU performs the functions of converting, transmitting and receiving the modulated data signals in the appropriate microwave frequency band and frequency channel. In a link, the two ODUs will be typed as High band and Low band units, transmitting and receiving on complementary high and low frequency channels. There are two stages of up conversion in the transmit direction, firstly from 350MHz (850MHz for the 4.5GHz Radio) to approximately 2.5GHz and then up to the required microwave frequency. Similarly there are two stages of down conversion, firstly from the microwave frequency to approximately 1.5GHz and then down to 140 MHz (70MHz for a 4.5GHz ODU).
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Apart from transceiving the signals, the ODU perform a number of control and monitoring functions, including Transmit Power Level control and Received Signal Strength measurement. It also includes built-in test features and communicates with the IDU processor with respect to setup, monitoring and control, and test functions. Each ODU has a BNC Female connector, which outputs the RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indication voltage). With suitable interface cables and adaptors the RSSI can then be measured on a standard Digital Volt Meter (DVM), for beaming-up purposes. According to the following translation the RSL (Receive Signal Level), in dBm, can be obtained. NOTE: The voltage range is a scaled representation of the RSL dBm value. The scaling factor is: RSL (dBm) = 15.77 x RSSI (V) 91.58 i.e. 4.5V is -20 dBm, 0.1V is -90dBm For a 4.5GHz ODU the scaling factor is: RSL (dBm) = RSSI (V) x -20 i.e. 1V is -20 dBm, 4.5V is -90 dBm The ODU receives -43V DC power from the IDU on the coaxial cable interface. There is a switched mode power supply in the ODU that produces the voltages required by the ODU. The IDU/ODU communications are carried on 5.5 MHz (up) and 10MHz (down) sub-carriers and communicate with a microprocessor on the ODU which controls the processes operating on the ODU.
Built-in Test Features

For management, maintenance and servicing purposes, various built-in test features are offered in the system and its software. These include Near end and Far end LED Alarm and Link indications for Link and Equipment failure alarms. The system provides Loopbacks for data inputs, from the user Line or from the Link, IDU (or IF) signals and ODU (or RF) signals. The latter only is available for the 4.5GHz radio.
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Indoor Unit Functional Description

The HighReach HDR5 IDU is of a modular design, with common hardware for different capacities.
Common Modules
The HDR5 IDU has the following: Housing. May be 1U or 2U depending on application. 2U height is used for 1+1applications and for greater than 16 E1 applications (up to 32E1). Backplane connecting the different PCBs. May be 1U or 2U depending on application. Main Mux/Microprocessor module consisting of a top and bottom PCB. The bottom PCB contains the microprocessor, multiplexer and framer, Ethernet interfaces and 8E1 tributary interfaces. The top PCB contains a further 8E1 tributary interfaces, USB port auxiliary alarm I/Os and alarm interfaces. Power Supply Unit. Two of these are used in a 1+1 system. Modem unit containing the modulator and demodulator. Two of these are used in a 1+1 system. Auxiliary Multiplexer consisting of a top and bottom PCB. The bottom board contains the multiplexer and 8E1 tributary interfaces. The top PCB contains a further 8 x E1 tributary interfaces. This module is only used for greater than 16E1 applications (up to 32E1) in the top slot of a 2U system.
Functional Description HDR5 IDU Operation

Refer to Figure 5-1 on page 5-6. The description of the HDR5 IDU can be made split into the following sections: The Interface Section (TUG I/O Section). Mux / Radioframe Section. Modem Section. Microprocessor Section. Ethernet Section. PSU Section.
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Interface Section (TUG I/O Section) Each TUG section interfaces with the transmit and receive of the relevant tributaries carrying 2048 Kbps HDB3 data (E1 data). In the transmit path, the incoming data is converted from HDB3 to NRZ data and clock format. The data is then forwarded to the Mux/Radioframe Section. In the receive path, received NRZ data and clock from the Mux/Radioframe Sections is converted back to 2048 Kbps HDB3 data and output to the customer on the relevant tributary connection.
Figure 5-1: Indoor Unit Functional Block Diagram (1U 1+0 version) Mux/Radioframe Section In the mux/radioframe section, data from each tributary is justified, using bit-stuffing techniques, and all tributaries and user and management Ethernet data are then multiplexed together.
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A byte wide frame of standard length is formed and with space provided for the Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding function. Prior to the FEC encoding function the gross data is first scrambled to ensure spectral purity on transmission. FEC encoding uses a Reed Solomon 204,188 algorithm. The gross data rate, multiplexing process and subsidiary clocks are all governed by a single clock, i.e. all clocks required are derived from a single clock running at approximately 76MHz. The combined radioframe data is sent to the modulator on the Modem module. In the case of a 1+1 protected system the same data is sent to both modulators. The reverse process occurs in the receive direction with a frame alignment process, FEC decoding, descrambling and de-multiplexing. In the case of a 1+1 protected system there are two FEC decoders accepting data from the two demodulators. The protection switch selects, on a frame by frame basis, data from the FEC decoder which has no errors in it. This allows hitless switching between the two paths in the receive direction. Modem Section The 8Mbps, 16Mbps, 34Mbps or 68Mbps multiplexed data stream is directed to the Modulator on the Modem module, which performs digital symbol mapping and pulse shaping and then modulates a 350 MHz carrier (850 MHz for a 4.5GHz ODU) Intermediate Frequency (IF), utilizing either QPSK or 16QAM. This 350MHz IF is then combined with IDU microprocessor data which is ASK modulated onto a 10 MHz subcarrier and -43V DC for the ODU and sent to the ODU via the IDU/ODU cable. A 140MHz (70 MHz for 4.5GHz ODU) receive IF and 5.5MHz microprocessor data is received from the ODU on the IDU/ODU cable. The 140 MHz IF is down converted to a lower IF and demodulated digitally. Demodulation involves carrier and clock recovery, de-mapping and a transversal equalization process to compensate for channel nonlinearity. The resultant 8Mbps, 16Mbps, 34Mbps or 68Mbps received data is sent back to the Radio Frame / Demultiplexer section on the Mux module. The IDU Loopback is also housed here. This allows a coupled portion of the 350 MHz Tx signal to be mixed with a 490 MHz oscillator to produce a locally looped back 140 MHz Rx signal for test purposes. A similar mixing occurs for the 4.5GHz radio to create the appropriate frequencies. Microprocessor Section The Microprocessor provides control and monitoring functions for the system. It also communicates with the ODU microprocessor via a serial data communications channel. It monitors Data alarms and status from the Interface Section, Mux/Radioframe section, Modem section, PSU section and the ODU. Issue 4 (October 2009) Page 5-7
Chapter 5
The microprocessor activates front panel Alarm and Link LEDs when required and communicates with the management tools. The Microprocessor section contains the main system software. It also provides the following serial ports: a. Communication to/from ODU b. USB I/O Port The Microprocessor section performs the following functions: Configuring devices, activating various system Loopbacks, etc. The monitoring of status/alarm lines from the PSU, Modem and Radio Frame sections. The displaying of status/alarm signals by means of Alarm and Link LED's on the Front Panel. Control to configuration tool (craft terminal), web page and SNMP management tools. Control of auxiliary I/Os. Serial communication with the ODU at up to 19200 baud. The monitoring of the various power supply voltages. General system housekeeping. Determining the system configuration i.e. board types, versions and serial numbers.
PSU Section The PSU section is a multi-output switching regulator that provides 100 W of output power at an overall efficiency of >75%. It operates from a floating DC input voltage ranging between 22 V to 57 V and provides regulated outputs over the range of input voltages and output loads as well as over current protection.
CAUTION The polarity of the input voltage must be observed. The floating input however, allows either the positive or negative terminal to be earthed by the customer.
The following DC supplies are generated from the specified inputs: a. +5 V b. +3,3V Page 5-8 Issue 4 (October 2009)
Outdoor Unit
IFM Main Boar d
TX MO DULE
862-02701 Chapter 5
C ABL MU LTIPL EXE R

DIPLEXER XN
PWR OU T DE
TX IF 10 MHz REF TX OSC. COMMON IF -LO PLLI C PLLI C XM ANT. PORT
e. +15 V
c. +1,5V
d. -43 V at 1,4 A
CABLE
UPLINK COMMANDS
P Monitor
DOWNLINK DATA & ALARMS PLLI C RX O SC. XM
& Control
Rx XN
RX IF
D RX Module
POWER SUPPLY MODULE
I SOLA TE
Figure 5-2: Outdoor Unit Functional Block Diagram
NOIS
MULTIPLE OUTPUT
FILTE
D - DC CONVER TER
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Outdoor Unit Functional Description

Note that the description that follows specifically refers to the waveguide output type ODUs (6-38GHz). The architecture for the N-Type output radios (4.5GHz) is similar but not identical. In particular, the TX IF frequency is 850MHz, the RX IF frequency is 70MHz at -3dBm, and the IDU/ODU comms uses 10MHz in both directions. Refer to Figure 5-2 when reading the following descriptions.
Cable Multiplexer
A coaxial cable connects the ODU to the IDU. The cable connects the following signals: DC Power from which all ODU internal power supply rails are derived. Transmit IF bearing the TX IF Modulated Transmit Payload and Wayside traffic data to the ODU from the IDU. Receive IF bearing the RX IF Modulated Receive Payload and Wayside channel data from the ODU to the IDU. Indoor to Outdoor Unit bi-directional, half duplex processor communications modulated onto a 5.5MHz /10 MHz sub-carrier (P Monitor and Control).
The cable enters the ODU housing via an N-series panel mounting connector, from where a coaxial connection is provided to the Cable Multiplexer. The first Transmit IF signal (TX IF) is passed from the Cable Multiplexer to the IFM Main Board for up conversion to become the Second Transmit IF signal. From there, it is passed to the Microwave Transmit Module for further up conversion and power amplification to the final carrier frequency and power level at the Antenna. Similarly, the received microwave carrier enters the Microwave Receiver from the Antenna. The carrier is filtered, amplified, and down converted to become the first Receive IF signal. This IF signal is then passed to the Receive section of the IFM Main Board, where the signal is further amplified, down converted, and levelled to become the second Receive IF Signal (RX IF). It is then passed to the Cable Multiplexer The Cable Multiplexer distributes DC to the Power Supply Module, which generates isolated multiple output voltages for the various Outdoor unit modules. The Cable Multiplexer also separates the microprocessor monitor and control signals between the indoor and outdoor units.
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IFM Main Board

The IFM Main Board consists of the following functional areas, as shown in Figure 5-2 on page 5-9. Transmit IF up conversion. Receive IF down conversion Common IF-LO Microwave Transmit Oscillator Microwave Receive Oscillator. ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control. System Clock Reference.
Transmit IF up conversion The transmitter receives a 350 MHz Modulated Transmit IF (TX IF) input from the IDU via the IDU/ODU cable, and the Cable Multiplexer. The signal is filtered and the level of the signal restored by AGC to offset losses in the cable. The exact bandwidth of the TX IF depends on the data rate of the IDU, and the type of modulation used in the IDU. The bandwidth may be as high as 30 MHz. For example, an 8 Mbps IDU using a QPSK Modem, will provide a modulated bandwidth of approximately 7 MHz. The incoming first Transmit IF (TX IF) signal level is detected and passed to the microprocessor Monitor and Control for measurement as a diagnostic aid, thus reporting if the TX IF received is too low indicating a cable fault or excessive cable length. The signal is then up converted using a synthesised Local Oscillator (Common IF-LO) controlled and monitored by the microprocessor Monitor and Control. The nominal second Transmit IF (TX IF 2) frequency is dependent on the go-return spacing of the microwave band in which the particular ODU is operating as well as the first Receive IF (RX IF 1). This means that TX IF 2 is equivalent to RX IF 1 + go-return spacing. This in turn determines the frequency of the second Transmit LO (TX LO). The up converted signal image is removed and the wanted signal amplified before being passed to the Microwave Transmit Module. Receive IF down conversion The first Receive Intermediate Frequency (RX IF 1) signal from the Microwave Receiver Module is dependant on the microwave band of the ODU, and has had approximately 17 dB conversion gain from the microwave down converter. The signal is filtered, amplified, and down converted; using a synthesised Local Oscillator (Common IF-LO) controlled and monitored by the microprocessor Monitor and Control. The nominal 140 MHz RX IF frequency is passed through a filter of which the bandwidth may be adjusted by the ODU controller. This allows the ODU to adapt to the data Issue 4 (October 2009) Page 5-11
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rate and modulation order of the IDU with which it is operating without any hardware change. The signal level is then detected and passed to the ODU controller as an indication of the received signal strength. The RX IF output level is nominally -10 dBm, which is passed to the Cable Multiplexer for combining onto the IDU/ODU cable and then to the Modem in the IDU. Common IF Local Oscillator The Synthesised Common IF Local Oscillator is used by both the receiver IF down conversion and the transmitter IF up conversion, and thus provides two outputs for this purpose. The frequency is programmed by the ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control. Transmit Local Oscillator The Synthesised Microwave Transmit Local Oscillator is used by the microwave transmit module. The sub-harmonic frequency is programmed by the ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control, before being amplified, multiplied, filtered and further amplified. Receiver Local Oscillator The Synthesised Microwave Receive Local Oscillator is used by the microwave receive module. The sub-harmonic frequency is programmed by the ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control, before being amplified, multiplied, filtered and further amplified. ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control The ODU microprocessor Monitor and Control is responsible for the overall function of the ODU. This includes the Cable AGC for the TX IF received from the cable, as well as the gain and power control in the transmit chain (both TX IF and Microwave transmit module). In the receive chain it controls the filter switching, depending on the required bandwidth, determines the receive level (RSSI), and controls the overall gain to ensure a constant RX IF level before leaving the ODU. All the synthesised oscillators are programmed and monitored by the microprocessor. The communication between the IDU and ODU is managed by this module. An EEPROM contains the configuration data for the modules. System Clock Reference A 10MHz Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator (TCXO) is mainly used as an accurate frequency reference for the three Synthesised Local Oscillators in the ODU.
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Microwave Transmit Module

The Microwave Transmit module (see Figure 5-2 on page 5-9) determines the carrier frequency of the ODU In general, an ODU link will consist of two complimenting units. The first unit transmits in, for example, the lower half of the given band (Low band), and the second unit transmits in the upper half of the band (High band). Each unit will then receive in the opposite half of the band. For this reason, there are two types of Microwave Transmit modules: Low band and High band. The Microwave Transmit module receives the incoming second TX IF signal (TX IF 2) from the IFM Main Board and up converts it to the carrier frequency using a multiple of the Transmit Local Oscillator (TX OSC). The signal passes through a microprocessor controlled Voltage Variable Attenuator (VVA) and power amplifier circuit. The final TX power level is detected and passed to the ODU controller, on the IFM Main Board for measurement. This allows the ODU controller to monitor and control the final transmit power level electronically. The transmit signal is finally passed to the diplexer.
Microwave Receive Module

In a similar way to the Microwave Transmit Modules there are two types of Microwave Receive modules: Low band and High band. The Microwave Receive module amplifies the signal received through the diplexer using a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), removes the image noise, and down converts the received signal to the RX IF 1 frequency using a multiple of the Receive Local Oscillator (RX OSC). RX IF 1 is dependant on the ODU used. The IF output is passed to the IFM Main Board for further amplification, filtering and down conversion
Diplexer
The final transmitter filtering and initial receive filtering is performed by this module, which interfaces to the antenna mounting structure. These filters are very selective, and determine which sub-band the radio falls into.
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Indoor Unit/Outdoor Unit Interconnection Cable

Table 5-1: IDU/ODU Cable Characteristics Type Connector Lightning Protection Length LMR400 type Length LMR600 type Single coaxial cable Type N (ODU) and TNC (IDU) ITU-T K.20 up to 200 m up to 400 m
This cable is a single coaxial cable connecting the IDU to the ODU. The cable carries five signals as follows: DC Power to the ODU. The 350 MHz First Transmit IF, bearing the payload data and overhead as modulated onto the IF from the Modem in the IDU. Second 140 MHz Receive IF, bearing payload and overhead as modulation, from the far end station. The signal is sent to the IDU.
A 5.5 MHz up and10 MHz down sub-carrier is used in a half duplex mode for processor communications between the IDU microprocessor and the ODU microprocessor. The quality of the IDU/ODU cable is critical for several reasons, and should not be changed from that provided or recommended by the manufacturer. Some of the reasons for this are: Undue cable attenuation could attenuate the TX IF or RXIF signal below an acceptable level at the input of the ODU or input of the IDU. An external interfering signal near the TX IF frequency could be up converted to the transmit carrier frequency if it leaked into the cable. Similarly, an interfering signals at or near the RX IF frequency could interfere with the received signal. A cable or connector type that does not have the correct environmental qualities might cause leakage of humidity into the ODU via the N-series connector on the ODU.
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Antennas
The HighReach series ODU allows the use of two basic antenna configurations, as follows: Integral mounting, where the ODU clips directly onto the antenna, with no external waveguide connections or tools required. These antennas supplied by Tellumat are based on the RFS SlimLine and RFS CompactLine antenna ranges, customised to allow integral mounting. All 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 1.8 m Tellumat antennas are available with either vertical or horizontal polarisation (selected at time of installation). Separate mounting, where the ODU can be mounted using mast or wall mounting gear, and then connected to any suitable antenna using a flexible (flexi) waveguide. This configuration will normally only be used in protected configurations where the two ODUs share one dual polarised antenna, or the Tellumat antenna does not have the required performance. In the case of the 4.5GHz radio, the RF interface is an N-Type female connector, which requires a coaxial cable to join to the antenna.
Both options assume that the antenna has been mounted to the support structure by the mounting gear supplied with the antenna. Refer to Antenna Manufactures installation instructions which are provided with the antenna. Antenna wave-guide connection is made by an O-ring sealed spigot interface. The RFS antennas have screw adjustment for the azimuth and elevation to ensure precise and consistent antenna beaming even in strong winds. When locked, the antenna/ODU combination will withstand a maximum 200 km/h wind speed. Note that these antennas are either vertically or horizontally polarised and cannot be adjusted. Other manufacturers antennas can also be used in the separate mount configurations.
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Chapter 6: HDR5 Series Parts Lists

Chapter 6: HDR5 Series Parts Lists ............................................................................... 6-1 Introduction to Chapter 6 ................................................................................................ 6-2 Ordering a HighReach System ....................................................................................... 6-2 HighReach Link Sets .................................................................................................. 6-2 Antennas .................................................................................................................... 6-3 Feeder Cable .............................................................................................................. 6-4 Ordering Replacement Units/Modules ............................................................................ 6-4 Indoor Units ................................................................................................................ 6-4 Outdoor Units.............................................................................................................. 6-4 Installation Kits............................................................................................................ 6-4

Figure 6-1: HDR5 1+0 16E1 4/16 QAM Indoor Unit. ......................................................... 6-2

Table 6-1: HighReach Digital Radios HDR5 IDU Equipment........................................... 6-3 Table 6-2: Modules of the HDR5 IDU................................................................................ 6-4 Table 6-3: HDR5 Installation Kit for non protected and protected versions. ....................... 6-4
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HighReach HDR5 equipment can be ordered as individual Radio Units (for spares or replacements purposes). This chapter gives the part numbers for the individual items.
Ordering a HighReach System

A HighReach (HDR5) System is made up of an IDU (Indoor Unit), an ODU (Outdoor Unit), Antennas, Feeder Cable, Installation kit and is divided into six levels for ordering purposes. They are: a. IDU (Indoor Unit) Comprises single HDR5 IDU b. ODU (Outdoor Unit Low Band) c. ODU (Outdoor Unit High Band) d. Antennas Comprises an Antenna and a Mounting Bracket e. Feeder Cable f. Installation Kit
HighReach Link Sets
Figure 6-1: HDR5 1+0 16E1 4/16 QAM Indoor Unit. For a 1+0 link set two 1+0 IDUs, one high band ODU and one low band ODU are required. For a 1+1 link set two 1+1 IDUs, two high band ODUs and two low band ODUs are required.
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The following tables give the part numbers to be used when ordering different capacity radios. Note that the capacity may be changed subsequently by software download. Table 6-1: HighReach Digital Radios HDR5 IDU Equipment Part No 651-04975 651-04976 651-04980 651-04981 651-04985 651-04986 651-04990 651-04991 651-04995 651-04996 651-05000 651-05001 651-05004 651-05007 651-05008 Description HDR5 1U IDU 8.5Mbps 4E1 4 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 8.5Mbps 4E1 4 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 8.5Mbps 4E1 16 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 8.5Mbps 4E1 16 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 17Mbps 8E1 4 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 17Mbps 8E1 4 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 17Mbps 8E1 16 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 17Mbps 8E1 16 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 34Mbps 16E1 4 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 34Mbps 16E1 4 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 34Mbps 16E1 16 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 34Mbps 16E1 16 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 68Mbps 32E1 16 QAM 1+1 Radio HDR5 1U IDU 68Mbps 16E1 16 QAM 1+0 Radio HDR5 2U IDU 68Mbps 16E1 16 QAM 1+1 Radio
Note: When the IDU is to be used with a 4.5GHz ODU this must be specified as a different Modem is then required. The ODU is available in all licensed frequency bands from 4.5 to 38GHz. There are numerous frequency plans within these covering various subbands and T/R spacings. For a full list of frequency bands and sub-bands available refer to Appendix A of Chapter 1.
Antennas
A full range of antennas for either integral or separate mount configuration covering frequencies from 4.5 to 38 GHz and sizes of 0.3m to over 3m is available. See Table 1-12 of Chapter 1 for a summary. For specific antenna requirements please contact Tellumat.
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Feeder Cable
The LMR400 type or equivalent feeder cable used for interconnection between the HDR5 IDU and the HDR5 ODU is supplied per meter with a minimum order quantity of 500m.
Ordering Replacement Units/Modules
Indoor Units
The following Tables list and describe the modules for the HDR5 IDUs (Indoor Units). Table 6-2: Modules of the HDR5 IDU Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Part No. 651-04911 651-04646 651-04795 651-04648 651-04708 780-02052 780-02074 Description HDR5 Microprocessor and Multiplexer HDR5 Power Supply Unit HDR5 Modem HDR5 Modem for 4.5GHz ODU HDR5 Auxiliary Multiplexer HDR5 2U housing HDR5 1U housing Qty 1 1 or 2 1 or 2 1 or 2 1 1 1
Outdoor Units
ODUs are replaced as a complete item. For a full list of ODU frequency bands available refer to Appendix A of Chapter 1. NOTE: To minimise system down-time, we recommend that the complete ODU be replaced. Individual module replacement must only be performed in an approved facility.
Installation Kits
The following Tables provide the part numbers, contents and quantities for the HDR5 IDU 16E1 and HDR Outdoor Unit Installation Kits: Table 6-3: HDR5 Installation Kit for non protected and protected versions. Issue 4 (October 2009)
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Name
Description
Qty 1
Part No 651-04926
HDR5 IDU HDR5 Installation Kit 1+0 (for x1 Installation Kit (1+0) ODU, x1 IDU) . Includes TNC and power connectors, ODU N-type connector, grounding kits and surge arrestor HDR5 IDU HDR5 Installation Kit 1+1 (for x2 Installation Kit (1+1) ODU, x1 IDU). Includes TNC and power connectors, ODU N-type connector, grounding kits and surge arrestor
651-04927
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Chapter 7: HDR5 Management Tools

Chapter 7: HDR5 Management Tools ............................................................................ 7-1 Introduction to Chapter 7 ............................................................................................... 7-4 Notes to Reader.......................................................................................................... 7-4 Configuration Tool Application Users Guide ................................................................ 7-4 Introduction to the Configuration Tool ......................................................................... 7-4 Major Items Comprising Configuration Tool Application ................................................. 7-5 Hardware (supplied by Customer)............................................................................... 7-5 Software and Hardware (supplied by Tellumat)........................................................... 7-5 Quick Reference Chart (QRC) to Commonly Used Tasks........................................... 7-6 How to use the QRC ............................................................................................... 7-6 Using the Configuration Tool .......................................................................................... 7-7 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7-7 Setting-up................................................................................................................ 7-7 Connecting to the IDU ............................................................................................. 7-7 Accessing the Software Program................................................................................ 7-9 Login Page .............................................................................................................. 7-9 Alarm Status Page ................................................................................................ 7-10 Alarm Log Page .................................................................................................... 7-20 Build History Page................................................................................................. 7-21 Performance Logs Page........................................................................................ 7-22 Configuration Page................................................................................................ 7-26 Upgrade Page ....................................................................................................... 7-34 Security Page........................................................................................................ 7-37 Setup Page ........................................................................................................... 7-39 Web Page Configuration .............................................................................................. 7-40 Introduction to Web page configuration .................................................................... 7-40 Major Items Comprising Webpage Application ......................................................... 7-41 Hardware............................................................................................................... 7-41 Software ................................................................................................................ 7-41 Connecting to an IDU Using the Webpage ............................................................... 7-42 Webpage versus Configuration Tool......................................................................... 7-43 Additional Features on the Webpage .................................................................... 7-43 Management Network Data Rate Configuration .................................................... 7-45 Features Not Available on the Webpage ............................................................... 7-46 Other Differences between the Webpage and Configuration Tool......................... 7-46 Network Configuration .............................................................................................. 7-47 Network Management System...................................................................................... 7-49 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7-49 HP-OpenView Example ............................................................................................ 7-49
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Figure 7-1: Configuration Tool USB Cable ......................................................................... 7-6 Figure 7-2: Comms Setup Page......................................................................................... 7-8 Figure 7-3: Login Page ...................................................................................................... 7-9 Figure 7-4: Alarm Status Page......................................................................................... 7-11 Figure 7-5: Near and Far Units Information (1) ................................................................ 7-12 Figure 7-6: Near and Far Units Information (2) ................................................................ 7-12 Figure 7-7: Unit's Description ........................................................................................... 7-12 Figure 7-8: Tributary Status Box ...................................................................................... 7-13 Figure 7-9: Multiplexer Status Box ................................................................................... 7-13 Figure 7-10: Microprocessor Status Box .......................................................................... 7-14 Figure 7-11: Example Protection State Box ..................................................................... 7-15 Figure 7-12: Protection State Box (Protection Disabled) .................................................. 7-15 Figure 7-13: Switch Status Box (Web Page).................................................................... 7-16 Figure 7-14: Switch Status Box (Configuration Tool)........................................................ 7-16 Figure 7-15: PSU Status Box ........................................................................................... 7-16 Figure 7-16: Modem status Box ....................................................................................... 7-17 Figure 7-17: Cable Status Box ......................................................................................... 7-17 Figure 7-18: Auxiliary Status Box ..................................................................................... 7-18 Figure 7-19: ODU Status Box .......................................................................................... 7-19 Figure 7-20: Active Alarm Log.......................................................................................... 7-19 Figure 7-21: Alarm Log Page ........................................................................................... 7-20 Figure 7-22: Build History Page ....................................................................................... 7-21 Figure 7-23: G.826 Performance Logs............................................................................. 7-23 Figure 7-24: Log Selection Bar ........................................................................................ 7-24 Figure 7-25: Ethernet Performance Log........................................................................... 7-25 Figure 7-26: Ethernet Real-time Statistics........................................................................ 7-26 Figure 7-27: Configuration Page ...................................................................................... 7-27 Figure 7-28: Tributaries Configuration Box ...................................................................... 7-28 Figure 7-29: Station Name Configuration Box.................................................................. 7-28 Figure 7-30: Ethernet Parameters Box............................................................................. 7-29 Figure 7-31: Switch Configuration Box............................................................................. 7-29 Figure 7-32: Protection Disabled...................................................................................... 7-29 Figure 7-33: Protection Enabled ...................................................................................... 7-30 Figure 7-34: Modem Configuration Box ........................................................................... 7-31 Figure 7-35: Cable Configuration Box .............................................................................. 7-31 Figure 7-36: Auxiliary Configuration Box .......................................................................... 7-31 Figure 7-37: SNMP Traps Configuration Box ................................................................... 7-32 Figure 7-38: ODU Configuration Box ............................................................................... 7-32 Figure 7-39: Set Time Configuration Windows................................................................. 7-33 Figure 7-40: Configuration Tool's Extra Buttons............................................................... 7-34 Figure 7-41: Upgrade Page ............................................................................................. 7-35 Figure 7-42: Firmware Upgrade Pending ......................................................................... 7-36 Figure 7-43: IDU Software Upgrade Box.......................................................................... 7-37 Figure 7-44: Security Page .............................................................................................. 7-38 Figure 7-45: Factory Default Setup .................................................................................. 7-40 Figure 7-46: IP Setup for Web Browsing.......................................................................... 7-43 Figure 7-47: 15 Minutes Interval Performance on Webpage ............................................ 7-44 Figure 7-48: ODU Frequency Offset Table ...................................................................... 7-45 Figure 7-49: Network Setting Bandwidth Page................................................................. 7-46 Figure 7-50: Network configuration .................................................................................. 7-48
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Figure 7-51: The Root Map .............................................................................................. 7-49 Figure 7-52: Geographical Location Map ......................................................................... 7-50 Figure 7-53: Local Network Map ...................................................................................... 7-50 Figure 7-54: Local HDR5 Link.......................................................................................... 7-50 Figure 7-55: Alarm Categories ......................................................................................... 7-51 Figure 7-56: Available Alarm Logs ................................................................................... 7-51

Table 7-1: Quick Reference Chart (QRC) .......................................................................... 7-6 Table 7-2: Setting up the Configuration Tool...................................................................... 7-7 Table 7-3: Connecting to the IDU....................................................................................... 7-7
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This chapter provides the information about the three HighReach HDR5 System Management Tools available: a. Configuration Tool Application. b. Web page configuration. c. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Notes to Reader
This users guide should be used in conjunction with the Tellumat (Pty) Ltd HDR5 Configuration Tool Software, Internet Explorer (IE5 or above) and a standard SNMP Management tool. Users must be familiar with the Windows 2000 / XP operating environment Users must be familiar with basic Ethernet networking concepts
Configuration Tool Application Users Guide
Introduction to the Configuration Tool

For all the Configuration Tool Application operations a direct connection on site between the PC USB port and the HDR5 IDU USB port is used. This allows configuration of the LOCAL IDU and ODU ONLY. This configuration could also be called the Initial set-up that is required. For example a user can: Configure the IDU IP Address DRS station name. Setup channel number and transmit power Be able to configure, monitor, and test the equivalent of a DRS in the factory.
The Configuration Tool is a dynamic software tool for the configuration and monitoring of a HighReach HDR5 radio in a System of digital radio relay links. Aspects included in the Configuration Tool are Alarm Status, Alarm Log, Build History, Performance Logs, Configuration, Software Upgrade, Security Settings and additional Setups.
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The application (software) runs on an IBM compatible PC running Windows XP / Vista, connected to the Indoor Unit (IDU) via a USB interface. The Configuration Tool provides all the management functions for the Local IDU and ODU on site.
Major Items Comprising Configuration Tool Application
Hardware (supplied by Customer)

The hardware, supplied by the customer, is typically a laptop or notebook computer, and must have the following minimum characteristics: IBM PC compatible running Windows XP / Vista. Pentium 4 class. 512 Mbyte RAM. 100 Mbyte free disk space. Mouse or other pointing device. 1x USB Port. Ethernet Network Card Monitor (min resolution 800 x 600 x 256 colours).
Software and Hardware (supplied by Tellumat)

The software is the users interface to the operation and control of the Local HighReach HDR5 IDU (Indoor Unit) and ODU (Outdoor Unit). It allows one to perform tasks such as: system configuration, monitoring of system parameters, activation of loopback facilities for diagnostics, accessing the alarm logs and others. The Configuration Tool Software is supplied by Tellumat on Compact Disk (CD). It is supplied as executable code, supported with installation and other supplementary files. In addition to the software, Tellumat also supplies an USB interconnection cable. Refer to Figure 7-1: Configuration Tool USB Cable, below, for details of the connectors.
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IDU side USB TypeB PC side USB TypeA
Pins 1 2 3 4 Shell
Description
4 3 2 1
VBUS (+5V) - Red D+ - White D- Green GND - Black Drain
Figure 7-1: Configuration Tool USB Cable
Quick Reference Chart (QRC) to Commonly Used Tasks

How to use the QRC This quick reference chart tells one the steps required to perform certain commonly used tasks. Click on an option/task to select it. Table 7-1: Quick Reference Chart (QRC)
Task to Perform
Switch On ODU Mute/Unmute Transmitter Configure ODU Frequency
Step 1
Select Configuration Select Configuration Select Configuration
Step 2: Go to Section
Cable Protection
Step 3: Select Option/Task

Tick ODU Power Select the ODU to transmit under Tx Select Use up/down navigation keys to select correct channel Use up/down navigation keys to select correct power Read RSSI Tick / Untick desired tributaries Read Radio Frame BER Read Serial Number
Step 4
Click SET Click SET
ODU Channel
Click SET
Configure ODU Power Level Read RSSI Enable/Disable Tributaries Radio Link Performance View ODU Serial Number
Select Configuration Select Alarm Status Select Configuration Select Alarm Status Select Build History
ODU Power
Click SET
ODU RSSI IDU Tributaries Mux/Framer ODU Hardware Data
None Click SET None Non
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Task to Perform
Transmitter Loopback (ODU) IDU Loopback (TxIF) Tributary Loopback
Step 1
Select Configuration Select Configuration Select Configuration
Step 2: Go to Section
ODU IDU Modem IDU Tributaries
Step 3: Select Option/Task

Tick Loopback function. Tick Loopback function. Tick Line or Link Loopback as required.
Step 4
Click SET Click SET Click SET
Using the Configuration Tool
Introduction
This section defines only the capabilities of the Configuration Tool. Setting-up Follow these steps to set up the Configuration Tool for use with the HighReach HDR5 System: Table 7-2: Setting up the Configuration Tool
Step
1. 2. 3. 4. Switch the computer On.
Action
Run the Windows operating system. Insert the application Setup Software disk into the appropriate disk drive. Run the Setup wizard. The HDR5configtool executable will be placed under C:/Program Files/Tellumat HDR5 and a shortcut to it will be created on the desktop. In addition, all the necessary drivers will be installed.
Connecting to the IDU The following steps must be followed in order to connect to an IDU using the Configuration Tool: Table 7-3: Connecting to the IDU
Step
1.
Action
Connect the supplied interface cable between the USB (Type A) port of the computer, to the USB (Type B) port connector on the front panel of the IDU (Indoor Unit). Make sure that both the computer and IDU are On.
2.
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Step
3. 4.
Action
Double-click the HDR configuration tool icon on the desktop. If it is the very first time the application is used, click on the setup button and select the following setup Tick the com port detect box Speed 115200 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 bit (See Figure 7-2: Comms Setup Page, below)
1. 1. 1.
Click the save button. Click on one of the Icons on the left of the screen to get back to the login screen. Enter a valid user name and password and click OK
Figure 7-2: Comms Setup Page
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Accessing the Software Program

The Configuration Tool is a screen selection driven program that provides the user with a graphical interface to the HighReach HDR5 Station. This interface allows the selection of various pages and options to configure and monitor. This section describes in detail the IDUs monitoring and configuration functionalities available to a user via the Configuration Tool. Note: The screens for the Configuration Tool and Web page are very similar. The descriptions and images shown in this section apply to both unless otherwise specified. The differences between the two are described in Web Page versus Configuration Tool on p. 7-43 Login Page The first screen displayed to a user when trying to access the Configuration Tool is the login page. The user is required to enter a valid user name and password (see Figure 7-3: Login Page below).
Figure 7-3: Login Page There are three types of access level:
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a. Administrator b. Installer c. Viewer The display and accessibility of each level is discussed under the Security section. The following sections describe the features available to an Administrator. Alarm Status Page After logging in, the first page which is displayed is the alarm status page. This page displays the current status of the IDU and ODU. It is split into main sections as follows: Page selection icons Near and far units information Units description Tributary status MUX status Link and Alarm LED status of near and far sides Protection status Switch ports status PSU status Modem status ODU cable status Auxiliary inputs/outputs status ODU status
In the following sections each part of the alarm status page is discussed in detail. Figure 7-4 below shows the Alarm Status page of a protected system.
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Figure 7-4: Alarm Status Page Page Selection Icons The page selection icons are displayed on the left hand side of every screen. A user can navigate into a desired page by clicking on its icon. On the Configuration Tool, all icons will be displayed for all users but not all users will be allowed access to all pages. The available pages are: Alarm Status Alarm Logs Build History Performance Logs Configuration Upgrade Security Setup
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Near and Far Unit Information The near and far unit information is displayed at the top of each screen. It shows the IDUs time, local IP address, station name and if a far unit is detected (only if a link is up) then the far units IP address and name are displayed as well (see Figure 7-5 below).
Figure 7-5: Near and Far Units Information (1) When the IDU is put into a loopback mode or if it detects that the far unit has the same IP address as its own, the Far side information as shown in Figure 7-6 below is displayed:
Figure 7-6: Near and Far Units Information (2) Units Description The HDR5 is a software configurable radio. The units description section (Figure 7-7 below) allows the user to determine the current configuration of the radio.
Figure 7-7: Unit's Description The description is split into four characteristics: a. Data rate 8.5, 17, 34 or 68 Mbps b. Modulation 4 or 16 QAM c. Modular/Integral unit d. Protected/Unprotected (1+1/1+0) unit Tributary Status The tributary status box is located on the left hand side of the status page. It displays the current status of all the units tributaries. The tributaries are numbered from one to the maximum number of tributaries in the unit (4/8/16/32). Figure 7-8 below shows the tributary display of a 16E1 unit.
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Figure 7-8: Tributary Status Box The legend below describes the possible status in which a tributary can be: Disabled Gray LED Enabled with a signal present Green LED Enabled with Loss of Signal (LOS) Red LED Enabled with Alarm Indicator Signal (AIS) Amber LED Enabled and in loop to link mode Amber arrow pointing to the right Enabled and in loop to line mode Blue arrow pointing to the left
MUX Status Figure 7-9 below shows the multiplexer status.
Figure 7-9: Multiplexer Status Box In the MUX box, a user can find the following information:
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a. MUX Type 4/8/16/32 E1 (the number of tributaries the MUX supports) b. Ethernet rate The Ethernet rate available to the customer. This rate is linearly related to the units data rate and the number of enabled tributaries c. Uncorrected Frames Counts the number of corrupted frames received. This counter is cleared on start up and when clearing alarms or alarm logs. d. BER The calculated Bit Error Rate (BER) of the current 15 min interval e. BER threshold indicator Green No BER threshold exceeded Red BER is above threshold Amber BER was above threshold but is currently below
NOTE: The threshold for the BER indicator is 1E-6 f. Frame Lock indicator Green Framer is locked and never lost lock Red Framer is unlocked Amber Framer is locked but was unlocked in the past
NOTE: In a non-protected unit, only one set of counters and indicators will appear. Link and Alarm LEDs The Microprocessor box displays the IDUs temperature and the status of the link and alarm LEDs. The LEDs status display reflects the state of the physical LEDs located on the IDUs front panel. Figure 7-10 shows the Microprocessor box display of a link that has no current or historic alarms.
Figure 7-10: Microprocessor Status Box The interpretation of the LEDs status is given below: a. Alarm LED: Green No alarms have been detected Red An alarm is current Amber An alarm occurred but has cleared
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b. Link LED: Green Link is up and has not previously failed Red Link is down Amber Link is up but has previously failed
c. Far LEDs: Grey No far side is detected Coloured Far sides LED status as described above
Protection State The protection box is useful when protection is enabled on the device. It then displays the following information: Manual/Auto mode Hot Standby/Dual Path (frequency diversity) mode Rx path Tx path
Figure 7-11 shows an example of a protection box of a protected unit.
Figure 7-11: Example Protection State Box When protection is disabled, the display will be as shown in Figure 7-12 below.
Figure 7-12: Protection State Box (Protection Disabled) Switch Port Status The HDR5 IDU contains three Ethernet ports 2 management ports and a customer data port. The switch status box displays the state of each port which is comprised of the following parameters: Disabled/ Enabled Auto detect Disabled/ Enabled Ports speed 10/ 100 Mbps Full/ Half Duplex
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On the webpage, when a port is enabled but no signal is detected Not Connected is displayed. On the Configuration Tool however, there is no indication for such a condition but it can be assumed that when Auto, Half Duplex, 10Mbps is displayed, there is no connection on the port. The following two figures illustrate the difference between the webpage Figure 7-13) and Configuration Tool (Figure 7-14) representations. In both cases O&M port 1 is connected and set to Auto detect, O&M port 2 is not connected and set to Half Duplex, 100Mbps and the data port is switched off.
Figure 7-13: Switch Status Box (Web Page)
Figure 7-14: Switch Status Box (Configuration Tool) PSU Status The PSU status box (Figure 7-15) displays the relevant voltages and currents supplied by the IDUs PSU. This can be useful for fault diagnosis.
Figure 7-15: PSU Status Box NOTE: In a non-protected unit only one PSU set of voltages and currents will be displayed. Modem Status The Modem Status box (Figure 7-16) displays the following information: a. Modems modulation scheme b. Receive level c. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
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d. SNR threshold indicator Green SNR is and was above threshold Red SNR below threshold Amber SNR is above threshold but was previously below threshold
e. Loopback On/ Off f. Modulation On/ Off g. Transmit Local Oscillator Lock and Receiver Lock indicators h. Green Is and was locked Red Unlocked Amber Is locked but was previously unlocked
Figure 7-16: Modem status Box NOTE: In a protected unit, two modem status boxes are displayed as opposed to one in a non-protected unit. ODU Cable Status The ODU cable box (Figure 7-17) displays whether the ODU is on or off, as well as the Comms LED indicator. The indicators interpretation is: Green Never lost communication to ODU Red No communication to ODU Amber Communication with the ODU is currently taking place, but was previously lost
Figure 7-17: Cable Status Box NOTE: In a protected unit, two modem status boxes are displayed as opposed to one in a non-protected unit.
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Auxiliary Status The HDR5 IDU has two auxiliary input alarms and two relayed outputs. The status of these inputs and outputs is displayed in the auxiliary box Figure 7-18) below.
Figure 7-18: Auxiliary Status Box The input LED indicator displays whether the input has never alarmed (Green), is alarming (RED) or has previously alarmed (Amber). The text on the right describes the source of the input. The outputs can be switched on or off and can be linked to user defined events (see Configuration Page on page 7-26 for more detail). ODU Status The ODU status box (Figure 7-19) appears when an ODU is switched on. It contains the following information: a. ODU Type Frequency band (e.g. 15 for 15GHz), sub-band (e.g. A7) and High/Low band (H/L) b. Transmitter state Transmit/Mute c. Transmit power Between min and max Tx power allowed d. Transmit Frequency e. Receive Frequency f. Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value and threshold LED indicator
g. ODU Temperature h. ODU Voltages and currents (applicable to 4.5GHz ODU only) i. j. ODU Loopback state (applicable to 4.5GHz ODU only) ODU Alarms LED indicators for Tx IF Synth Lock Rx IF Synth Lock Microwave Synth Lock Tx Power Control Tx IF Level
NOTE: All LED indicators (alarms and RSSI) follow the same principle of never alarmed (Green), currently alarming (Red) and previously alarmed (Amber).
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Figure 7-19: ODU Status Box NOTE: In a protected unit, two ODU boxes will be displayed (ODU A and ODU B). Active Alarm Log The active alarm log (Figure 7-20) is accessed by clicking on the Active Log. It displays all the alarms which are currently active on the system.
Figure 7-20: Active Alarm Log Refresh the Active Alarm log by clicking on the Refresh button. To return to the alarm status page, click on Close. Clear Alarms Button The clear alarms button will clear all the current and historic alarms from the alarm status display (all LEDs will turn green). It will also clear the BER and MUX frame counters.
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Alarm Log Page The Alarm Log page (Figure 7-21) contains a list of all the alarms which were recorded by the unit. Every alarm is logged with a time stamp, description, status and severity.
Figure 7-21: Alarm Log Page The maximum number of logged alarms is 1023. If an overflow occurs, the first logged alarms will be deleted, resulting in the display of the most recent 1023 alarms. The status of an alarm can be one of three: Raised Cleared Event
The severity of each alarm can be one of four: Normal Minor Major Critical
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The alarm log page is extremely useful for fault analysis and diagnosis. To clear the alarm log, simply click on the Clear Log button. To refresh the alarm log click Get Log. To save a log click on the Save Log button and specify the location in which to save the log. The open Log button, allows the user to load and display any saved log. When the alarm log is large, it takes the Configuration Tool a relatively long time to load. While the log is being loaded, an Abort button appears on the bottom right hand side of the log. If pressed, the Configuration Tool will stop loading the log and not all logged alarms will then be displayed Build History Page The Build History page (Figure 7-22) displays the build state of the IDU and ODU. An example of the build history page is shown in the following figure.
Figure 7-22: Build History Page
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The following information can be gathered from this page: a. IDU Part Number b. IDU Serial Number c. IDU MAC Address d. IDUs Bootloader Software Checksum and Version Number e. IDUs Main Software Checksum and Version Number f. IDUs MUX Firmware Version Number g. IDUs Top MUX Firmware Version Number h. IDUs Modems Firmware Version Number i. j. l. ODUs Part Number ODUs Serial Number ODUs Main Software Checksum and Version Number
k. ODUs Bootloader Software Checksum and Version Number
NOTE: In a protected unit, two modem firmware versions and two ODUs information will be displayed; Not Applicable (NA) is a valid value. Performance Logs Page The HDR5 IDU calculates and logs the performance parameters of its links according to the G.826 specifications. It also logs the Ethernet statistics of the customer data port. There are three main types of performance logs: a. 15 minutes interval performance of the previous 24 hours logged in 15 minutes intervals b. 30 day summary a summary of the daily performance totals for the last 30 days c. Real time Ethernet traffic statistics G.826 Performance Logs The HDR5 IDU currently logs the G.826 performance parameters on a radio and link level. The parameters logged are: Available Seconds (AS) Unavailable Seconds (UAS) Error Seconds (ES) Severely Errored Seconds (SES) Bit Error Rate (BER)
Another parameter which is logged is the ODUs minimum and maximum Received Signal Level (RSL).
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Figure 7-23 shows the performance log as displayed on the Configuration Tool.
Figure 7-23: G.826 Performance Logs The validity indicator on the right hand side of each column indicates whether the displayed values are valid or not. The values are valid only if the IDU was switched on during the whole interval (900 seconds for 15 minutes interval or 86400 seconds for a 24 hours daily total). A green LED indicates a valid interval whereas a red one means invalid. As can be seen in the figure above, for a protected system one can find three G.826 performance logs: a. Link A relates to the performance of link A only b. Link B relates to the performance of link B only c. Aggregate relates to the actual data that was selected by the multiplexer as an output. If the IDUs protection is set to manual mode, this log will follow the link which is selected as the receive path. If auto mode is selected, the aggregate log will be determined by the path which the multiplexer selects to output (this path may change constantly and rapidly) In a non protected unit, only the aggregate log is displayed since there is only one link selected and monitored.
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The scroll down window on the top left of the log (Figure 7-24) allows the user to select between a 15 minutes interval log and a 30 day summary log. The tabs at the top of the log allow the user to select between the links (when protection is enabled), aggregate and Ethernet logs
Figure 7-24: Log Selection Bar To save the viewed log, simply click on the Save button and specify the desired directory location and logs name. The saved log can be viewed with Excel as a comma separated file.
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Ethernet Performance Log The HDR5 IDU logs the following parameters relating to the Ethernet traffic on the customer data port (see Figure 7-25): Maximum receive and transmit rates Minimum receive and transmit rates Percentage of dropped packets on Rx and Tx paths
The Ethernet logs, as in the case of the G.826 logs, can also be viewed in a 15 minutes interval or in a 30 day totals format. To save the viewed log, simply click on the Save button and specify the desired directory location and logs name. The saved log can be viewed with Excel as a comma separated file
Figure 7-25: Ethernet Performance Log Ethernet Real-Time Statistics The Ethernet real-time statistics (see Figure 7-26) give the user a view of the current trends on the IDUs Ethernet ports (customer and management). It shows the current data rates, packets per second, dropped packets, pick rates and why packets were dropped.
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Figure 7-26: Ethernet Real-time Statistics Configuration Page The configuration page is used to configure the HDR5 IDU, ODU and system related parameters. Figure 7-27 below shows a view of a typical configuration page of a protected system.
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Figure 7-27: Configuration Page Similar to the alarm status page, the configuration page is split into a number of boxes each relating to different interfaces on the system. The common boxes are the near and far unit information and IDU description. The next sections will describe each configurable interface in detail. Tributaries Configuration The tributaries configuration box is located on the right hand side of the configuration page. The tributaries are numbered from 1 to the maximum number of tributaries supported by the unit. Next to each tributary there are three tick boxes which allow the user to select the required configuration. There are four different possible configurations: a. Disabled (all boxes are unchecked) b. Enabled c. Enabled and looped to line the incoming data into the tributary is looped back d. Enabled and looped to link the data coming over the link is looped back To select one of the options, simply tick the required box.
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Figure 7-28 shows an example of an 8E1 radio with the following configuration: TRIBs 1 & 2 are Enabled, TRIB 3 is looped to line, TRIB 4 is looped to link and TRIBs 5 to 8 are disabled.
Figure 7-28: Tributaries Configuration Box Station Name Configuration The Station Name box (Figure 7-29) is used to configure the stations name. The name can be up to 40 characters long and can include any human readable characters.
Figure 7-29: Station Name Configuration Box Ethernet Configuration The Ethernet configuration box (Figure 7-30) allows the user to configure the units IP address, subnet mask and its default gateway. The unit can also be configured to acquire its Ethernet configuration automatically by enabling DHCP. This option is not commonly used in the management of point to point microwave systems but is still available. One must ensure that a DHCP server is present on the network and that a Network Management System (NMS) is configured correctly for such an environment.
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Figure 7-30: Ethernet Parameters Box Switch Configuration Figure 7-31 below shows the Switch configuration box.
Figure 7-31: Switch Configuration Box There are three ports on the IDU and they can all be configured in the following ways: Disabled Enabled with Auto Negotiate Enabled Enabled and set to 10Mbps Half Duplex Enabled and set to 10Mbps Full Duplex Enabled and set to 100Mbps Half Duplex Enabled and set to 100Mbps Full Duplex
Protection Configuration The HDR5 IDU can be configured as a non-protected or a protected unit, if two modems are connected. When protection is disabled the protection box looks like that shown in Figure 7-32 below.
Figure 7-32: Protection Disabled In this case, the only configurations available to a user are to mute or unmute the ODU (by changing the TX Select box) and to enable protection (again, only if two modems are connected).
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When protection is enabled the protection box has some added features (see Figure 7-33).
Figure 7-33: Protection Enabled The first item that can be noted is that the IDU reports whether it is in Hot Standby or Dual Path mode. This mode is determined by the IDU according to the receive frequencies that the ODUs are set to: Hot Standby both ODUs receive at the same frequency Dual Path ODUs receive at different frequencies
Since the unit is now configured as a protected system, there are two transmit and receive paths that the user can select between. Link A refers to the lower modem and its ODU while link B refers to the upper modem and its ODU. The two main states a user can set the IDU to, when protection is enabled are Manual or Auto Mode. In manual mode a user can specify the desired receive and transmit paths and force the IDU to select those paths. In auto mode the IDU selects the receive and transmit paths based on the performance of the links. When the IDU is in Hot Standby mode, it will allow a user to select one transmit path or none. To enter auto mode, one transmit path must be selected. When the IDU is in Dual Path mode, it will allow the user to select one transmit path, two paths or none. To enter auto mode, both transmit paths must be selected. NOTE: Once auto mode is selected, the user is prohibited from changing any of the systems configurations. If a user desires to change one of the units configurations, manual mode must be initially selected. Modem Configuration The modem configuration box (Figure 7-34) allows the user two configuration features which assist in fault finding: a. Modem Modulation On/Off b. Modem Loopback On/Off The user can select a timeout for the loopback. This switches loopback off after the specified number of minutes.
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NOTE: The timeout does not apply to the modulation on/off function for software versions prior to 1.59, thus care must be taken when using this feature (especially when using the feature remotely as the link will fail if modulation is switched off).
Figure 7-34: Modem Configuration Box NOTES: In protected systems two modem configuration boxes will be displayed Modem A and Modem B When selecting Loopback Timeout to Zero, the loopback will never timeout unless switched off manually Cable Configuration The cable configuration box (Figure 7-35) is where an ODU can be switched on and off where a tick means the ODU is on.
Figure 7-35: Cable Configuration Box Auxiliary Configuration Figure 7-36 below shows the auxiliary configuration box.
Figure 7-36: Auxiliary Configuration Box The external input alarms (switches) can be enabled or disabled. The severity of the alarm can be selected in the drop down window and its description can be edited in the text description window.
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The two outputs (relays) can also be enabled or disabled and the user can specify to which event they must be linked to. The available events which a user can specify and their meanings are as follows: Alarm LED The output will be high when Alarm LED is red (when an alarm is active on the unit) Link LED The output will be high when Link LED is red (when the link is down) Input 1 or 2 The output will follow whatever is on the selected input Manual The output will be high when box is ticked. A text window will then be available for a description
NMS configuration The SNMP Traps configuration box (Figure 7-37) is used to set the IP address of the Network Management System (NMS) select its platform and polling interval timeout for certain platforms.
Figure 7-37: SNMP Traps Configuration Box Currently, the unit can be managed by HP-OpenView, Nagios, Open NMS and Castel Rock SNMPc platforms. In all cases, the selected platform is HP-OpenView and the poll time should be set as the interval time between each polling message from the management system. The poll time is used to allow the IDU determine if it lost connection with the management system and refresh its alarms when communication is reestablished. ODU Configuration As mentioned in the cable configuration section, the ODU is switched on from the cable configuration box. Once the on box is ticked, the ODU configuration box shown in Figure 7-38 will appear.
Figure 7-38: ODU Configuration Box
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Initially, the ODU type will be displayed as XXXX until the IDU has established communications with the ODU and the page is refreshed. The user is not required to wait for the ODU type prior to the configuration of ODUs channel number, TX power and polarization. When using a 4.5GHz ODU, an additional feature of ODU Loopback is available with a timeout option (other supported ODUs may not have this feature). NOTES: In protected systems two modem configuration boxes will be displayed Modem A and Modem B When selecting Loopback Timeout to Zero, the loopback will never timeout unless switched off manually Setting the IDU time To set the time of the IDU, click on the Set Time button. The window shown in Figure 7-39 will appear:
Figure 7-39: Set Time Configuration Windows The HDR5 IDU supports Network Time Protocol (NTP) and can be configured to retrieve the time from a time server on the network. To select this option, tick the Auto Update box, specify the time servers IP address and the correct time zone (similar to the Windows time setup). For manual time update, simply enter the correct time and date with the correct format. When accessing the Set Time window, the IDUs time and date will be populated into the manual update boxes. The Now button will populate these boxes with the computers time. To save the selected time configuration, click the Set button.
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Saving, Loading and Setting a Configuration The HDR5 Configuration Tool allows the user to save the current configuration of the system, load a saved configuration and generate a summary report of the current configuration. These features are accessible using the Save, Load and Summary buttons at the bottom of the configuration page (see Figure 7-40). It is recommended to save the files with meaningful names.
Figure 7-40: Configuration Tool's Extra Buttons When loading a saved configuration it is necessary to click the Set button (once all the correct values have been populated in the right boxes) to send the configuration to the IDU. Upgrade Page The upgrade page is used for software and firmware upgrades. This page is only accessible to administrators and is shown in Figure 7-41 below.
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Figure 7-41: Upgrade Page The upgrade page contains two boxes Uploaded Firmware Files and Microprocessor Software the purpose of which are described in the Firmware Upgrades below and Microprocessor Software Upgrade on page 7-37. Firmware Upgrades When a units firmware needs to be upgraded or changed into a new configuration, the following procedure must be followed: 1. Request and receive an update folder from Tellumat (PTY) Ltd. The information needed by Tellumat (PTY) Ltd is the units MAC address, IP address, the current configuration (including the MUX and Modem/s firmware version numbers - obtain this information from the Build History page) and the desired configuration. 2. Make sure you have an Ethernet connection to the IDU. 3. Open the update folder received from Tellumat and double click on the SEND batch file which is in the folder. 4. A command prompt will open and the desired file(s) will be sent to the IDU. 5. When the transfer is complete, the command prompt will close.
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6. Access the units upgrade page and make sure that the sent file(s) name(s) appear next to the corresponding device (see Figure 7-42 below).
Figure 7-42: Firmware Upgrade Pending 7. Click on the Program New Firmware button and on the Yes button in the confirmation pop-up window (if all is in order). 8. The unit will go into upgrade mode and cannot be accessed until upgrade is completed. The estimated upgrade time is one minute per updated device (note that for protected system, each modem counts as a device). NOTES: 1. When upgrading a link, ensure that the upgrade is initiated at the far side first since the link will be down once the upgrade starts and will remain down until both sides finish configuring. Best practice is to send the files to both sides of the link initially and verify that all files were received by both sides. Initiate an upgrade at the far side (using the Webpage) followed immediately by an upgrade of the near side. If a file was sent to a unit but not received (its name does not appear in the upgrade page), resend only the file that was not received. The upgrade files received from Tellumat will only be accepted by the unit it was intended for (according to the information that was supplied to Tellumat prior to the upgrade). Do not attempt to send the files to any other unit as they will be rejected! If an upgrade fails and the link did not re-establish, a manual revert is possible. This will load the previous configuration. This function must be used with caution! Near and far LED sequence while firmware upgrade is in progress is:
2.
3.
4.
5.
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All LED Orange Erase phase LED Toggle Programming in progress All LED Orange Verifying All LED Red Failure/ All LED Green Success Microprocessor Software Upgrade When the IDUs software needs to be upgraded, the software must be sent to the IDU via the Ethernet (FTP). A batch file will be supplied by Tellumat (PTY) Ltd together with the new software file. If the file was successfully transferred to the unit, the IDU button in the Microprocessor Software box will be accessible. Once the button is pressed, the unit will be unavailable for approximately 15 seconds. The link might suffer a short glitch.
Figure 7-43: IDU Software Upgrade Box NOTE: The ODU software feature is not implemented in current builds. Near and Far LED sequence while upgrading software: a. All LED Red then Orange b. All LED Green c. All LED Toggle Security Page The security page can only be accessed by an administrator. It is used to create, edit and delete users and passwords. For security reasons, Figure 7-44 below does not display the factory default user name and passwords (these can be obtained by authorized personnel only).
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Figure 7-44: Security Page The HDR5 IDU allows three access levels: a. Administrator Access to all pages b. Installer Access to all pages besides Upgrade and Security c. Viewer Access only to Alarm Status page, Alarm Log and Performance Logs (no access to any clear or set buttons) The IDU leaves the factory with three default user names and passwords. These user names can not be edited and will never expire but the associated passwords can be changed. An administrator can edit, create and delete users by following the instructions below: 1. Delete user Highlight the line of the user which is to be deleted and click the Delete button. Confirm by clicking OK NOTE: The factory default users can not be deleted! 2. Edit User Highlight the line of the user which is to be edited and click the Edit User button. Edit the necessary fields then click OK NOTE: Only the password can be edited on the factory default users.
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3. Add User Click on Add User, fill in the necessary fields and then click Ok Edit User The different fields that can be edited for each user (besides the three factory defaults, Administrator, Installer and Viewer) are: a. User Name up to 12 characters (case sensitive) b. Password up to 12 characters (case sensitive) c. Expiry never or select a date Setup Page There are two setup features which the user can set from this page as follows: a. USB Com Port Setup b. Factory Default USB Com Port Setup For information on the USB com port setup for the HDR5 Configuration Tool application, refer to Table 7-3: Connecting to the IDU on page 7-7 and Figure 7-2: Comms Setup Page on page 7-8. Factory Default Setting factory default sets the units configuration to its default settings which are: ODU Off, Channel 1 Co-Polar, Tx Power 15 dB, Muted Protection Disabled IP address 192.168.59.18 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default gateway 192.168.59.1 Station name HDR5 DHCP Disabled Tributaries Disabled Modem Loopback Off, Modulation On Ethernet ports Enabled with Auto Negotiate NMS IP Address 192.168.1.100, HP Platform, Interval 10 Minutes NTP Disabled, Server IP address 129.6.15.28, Zone GTM + 2 Auxiliary Disabled with default descriptions Security Revert to default user names and passwords
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Alarm Log Cleared Performance Logs Erased Software and Firmware Upgrades Discard any pending upgrades
We recommend to saving the units configuration before applying factory default, so that it can be loaded afterwards. To set factory default, click on the Factory Default tab, then on the Set Factory Default button and finally confirm by clicking Yes in the popup confirmation window (see .
Figure 7-45: Factory Default Setup
Web Page Configuration
Introduction to Web page configuration

The USB connected Configuration Tool is only able to configure and monitor the local DRS to which it is connected. This is useful for on site applications and initial configuration of IP address and radio parameters.
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The HDR5 system also has a web page configuration tool installed with access via a web browser, based on the IDU IP address. This allows all radios connected in a network to be managed remotely. Radios on the far side of a link connected to the network may also be managed. Note: For low bandwidth network connections the management data rate may need to be reduced using the network settings page (only available to an Administrator level user). See Management Network Data Rate Configuration section on p. 7-46. The web browser configuration tool has the same structure as the local USB Configuration tool with the same screens for Login, Alarm Status, Alarm Log, Build History, Performance Logs, Configuration, Software Upgrade and Security. There is no setup screen. There are minor differences in the layout of the pages and their look but they are functionality identical. The webpage offers an additional page which displays the saved ODU frequency offset table (see Fig 7-48, ODU Frequency Offset Table on page 7-45) and an additional page for the network management data rate setting (see Fig 7-49, Network Setting Bandwidth Page on page 7-46).
Major Items Comprising Webpage Application

Hardware The hardware, usually supplied by the customer, is typically a laptop or notebook computer, and must have the following minimum characteristics: IBM PC compatible running Windows XP / Vista. Pentium 4 class. 512 Mbyte RAM. Mouse or other pointing device. Ethernet Network Card 1 x Ethernet Port Monitor (min resolution 800 x 600 x 256 colours).
Software The only software needed is a windows operating system and an Internet Explorer Web Browser (version 5.0 and up). NOTE: Other web browsers are not fully supported and might not display pages properly or may cause corruption.
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Connecting to an IDU Using the Webpage

The following steps must be followed in order to connect to an IDU using the Webpage: 1. Make sure that the IDU is switched on 2. Connect a network cable between the PC and one of the IDUs management ports (the two left ports) 3. Determine the IDUs IP address (default IP address is 192.168.59.18, otherwise connect to the unit with a Configuration Tool to determine its IP address) 4. Make sure that the PCs IP address is on the same sub net as the IDUs IP address. If it is not, follow the following steps: a. Click on Start -> Control Panel b. Click on Network Connections c. Right click on your Local Area Connection and select Properties d. Scroll down in the Items window, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on the Properties button e. In the Properties window tick Use the following IP address and enter a valid IP address for the selected subnet f. Click on OK on both properties windows
NOTE: See Figure 7-46: IP Setup for Web Browsing on page 743 for an example of the above process. 5. Open a web browser 6. Type in the IDUs IP address and press Enter 7. When the login screen appears, enter a valid user name and password and log on
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Figure 7-46: IP Setup for Web Browsing
Webpage versus Configuration Tool

This section describes the main differences between the webpage and the configuration tool. Additional Features on the Webpage There are two main features which are available to a user on the Webpage but not on the Configuration Tool: a. Viewing of 15 minutes intervals performance of the last 30 days. b. Viewing of the ODUs frequency offset table. c. Configuration of the management data rate.
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Performance Logs Viewing The HDR5 IDU saves and displays on request the units performance logs as previously described. The added feature on the Webpage is that it allows a user to view the 15 minutes interval performance logs of the last 30 days (see Figure 7-47 below).
Figure 7-47: 15 Minutes Interval Performance on Webpage When accessing the performance logs and selecting the 15 minutes interval display, the display will default to the current days intervals. To select a desired day, use the View Date scroll down window. The display will update and show the daily performance from midnight to 23:45 in 15 minutes intervals. ODU Frequency Offset Table The offset table is available on the webpage only (see Figure 7-48 below). The table displays the channel zero offset used of the supported ODUs. It allows a user to verify that the offset file, which is saved in the IDU, is correct. The table cannot be modified from the webpage. To modify the table, a new file must be sent via FTP to the unit. If a file has never been sent to the unit, only one line of zeros will be displayed.
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Figure 7-48: ODU Frequency Offset Table
Management Network Data Rate Configuration The Network Setting page is only available to administrator level users. It allows the data rate of the management data from the management port and across the link to be reduced from the default value of 320 kbps in steps down to 32kbps. This is required when the network carrying the management data to a remote point has a bandwidth of less than 320kbps (eg a 64kbps diginet line). If this is not set for low bandwidth network connections, some of the management data may be lost and web pages may not be correctly loaded.
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Figure 7-49: Network Setting Bandwidth Page
Features Not Available on the Webpage The Setup page is not available on the Webpage as it is not recommended to initiate a factory default sequence on a remote unit (since the link will be lost which will require a technician being sent to site). The Save and Load Configuration feature is not available on the Webpage. Other Differences between the Webpage and Configuration Tool The other main differences between the Webpage and Configuration Tool are: a. The functional push buttons on the Webpage are located at the top of the screen whereas the Configuration Tools are at the bottom of the screen. b. The naming convention of some of the buttons is different but they have the same function (e.g. Set on the Configuration Tool is Submit on the Webpage). c. Some tick boxes on the Configuration Tool are represented as scroll down window on the Webpage.
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d. On the Alarm Status page, the Webpage indicates that an Ethernet port is unconnected while the Configuration Tool does not. e. The Edit and Delete user from the Security page is slightly different on the Webpage on the Configuration Tool you highlight the required user and click either Delete or Edit whereas on the Webpage you click Delete or Edit and select the required user from a drop-down list. f. Security access level on the Webpage is done by displaying only access allowed page selection icons and buttons on the display as opposed to Access Denied messages on the Configuration Tool.
g. When configuring the IDU time from the Webpage the computers time and date populates the manual time and date automatically and there is no Now button.
Network Configuration
This section describes the way in which a management network can be configured so that each HDR5 IDU could be remotely accessible. The O&M Ethernet bridge ports on the IDU may be used to bridge the network. See Figure 7-50 for an example of network connection on the management ports.
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Figure 7-50: Network configuration
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Network Management System
Introduction
The HDR5 Management System is based on the web page status and configuration system and SNMP traps that are generated following different events within the HDR5 radio system. This can be integrated into a network management system using a network management tool such as HP Openview. This is used to display the status of each element in the system. Further detail on status and configuration of each element in the network can then be performed by opening the relevant web page from the network management server. The HDR5 radios can be managed by several management systems. The installation and configuration of a Network Management System (NMS) for the HDR5 radios is beyond the scope of this manual. For more detailed documentation regarding the setup and configuration of an NMS, please contact the relevant Tellumat representative.
HP-OpenView Example
Figures 7-51 to 7-56 are examples from a configured HP-OpenView NMS.
Figure 7-51: The Root Map
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Figure 7-52: Geographical Location Map
Figure 7-53: Local Network Map
Figure 7-54: Local HDR5 Link
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Figure 7-55: Alarm Categories
Figure 7-56: Available Alarm Logs
Page 7-51

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HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series

HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series System Manual

HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series System Manual

HighReach Digital Radio System HDR5 Series System Manual

862-02701 Preliminary Pages

HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual

HDR5 Series System Manual

Publication Number: 862-02701

Issue 4 October 2009

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Document Issue Status

2009 Tellumat (Pty) Limited

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HighReach (HDR5 Series) - System Manual

Chapter 1: Purpose and Planning Information

Chapter 3: Fault Diagnosis

Chapter 4: Routine and Scheduled Maintenance

Chapter 5: Functional Description

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Chapter 6: HDR5 Series Parts Lists

Chapter 7: Management Tools

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HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual

Introduction to HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual

Conventions used in this Manual

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FEC FPGA FRU vi

862-02701 Preliminary Pages

HighReach (HDR5 Series) System Manual

Abbreviation TUG TX TXR UAS USB VCI VoIP VVA WAN P

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Keep Away From Live Circuits

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Warning and Caution Statements

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Chapter 1: Purpose and Planning Information

Table of Contents Page

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List of Figures Figure Page

List of Tables Table Page

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HighReach HDR5 Product Family

Role and Purpose

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